Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stereography'

Kūnas įvairių mokslo šakų tyrinėjimo objektas, sunku apsiriboti ties viena sritimi ar pripaţinti tik vieną sritį kaip teisingiausią kūno suvokimui. Bet kokiu atveju ţmogus savo kūną paţysta bei formuoja per aplinka. Fotografiją taip pat yra įvaizdţio formavimo priemonė. Pati fotografija ne tik formuoja įvaizdį, bet ir formuoją patį ţmogaus poreikį vaizdiniui ir kitokį ţvilgsnį į aplinką. Diplominiame darbe nagrinėju vojerizmą, jo ryšį su fotografija. Stengiuosi surasti momentą kada paprastas ţvilgsnis tampa vojeristiniu ţiūrėjimu, ar tiesiog vojerizmas yra netskiriamas dalykas nuo fotografijos. Analizuoju vojerizmo teoriją, kaip vojerizmas atsiskleidţia fotografijoje. Nagrinėju kūno samprata, nuogą kūną fotografijoje, erotinę fotografiją, akto fotografiją Lietuvoje. Atlikdama savo uţdavinius, analizuodama literatūrą ir prototipus, siekiu uţsibrėţto tikslo, sukurti stereografijų ciklą, kuriame atsispindėtų diplominiame darbe nagrinėjami aspektai. Diplominiame darbe taip nagrinėju stereografijos sąvoka, kuri siejasi su vojerizmo ištakomis fotografijoje ir mano stereografijų ciklu. Stereografija- diplominio darbo, praktinės dalies pateikimo forma.
The body is exploration object in the vorius science discipline, it would be difficult to confine by one discipline or recognize only one discipline as the farest for body knowing. In any case human knows his body and formed whitin the enviroment. The photography as a discipline is also body formating tool. Photography itself is not only shaped the image, but also formating a requirement for the image and different gaze to enviroment. I‘m analyzed voyeur in photography, it‘s connection whit photography. Trying to find a moment when a simple looking bicome voyeuristic gaze or maby voyeurism is the main part in photography. I analyzed voyeur theory, how voyeurism reveals in photography. Describing body as a concept, naked body in photography, erotic photography, nude photography in Lithuania. Doing my tasks, analyzing literature and prototipes, try to achiev the main target, to create a stereography cycle in which reflected dealing aspects. I‘m Analyzed steregraphy concept, which pertain whit voyeurism orgins in photography and my stereography cycle. Stereography is submission form of the practical part.

This work presents recent advances in the development of infra-red sensitive photorefractive polymers, and updateable near real-time holographic 3D displays based on photorefractive polymers. Theoretical and experimental techniques used for design, fabrication and characterization of photorefractive polymers are outlined. Materials development and technical advances that made possible the use of photorefractive polymers for infra-red free-space optical communications, and 3D holographic displays are presented.Photorefractive polymers are dynamic holographic materials that allow recording of highly efficient reversible holograms. The longest operation wavelength for a photorefractive polymer before this study has been 950nm, far shorter than 1550nm, the wavelength of choice for optical communications and medical imaging. The polymers shown here were sensitized using two-photon absorption, a third order nonlinear effect, beyond the linear absorption spectrum of organic dyes, and reach 40% diffraction efficiency with a 35ms response time at this wavelength. As a consequence of two-photon absorption sensitization they exhibit non-destructive readout, which is an important advantage for applications that require high signal-to-noise ratios.Holographic 3D displays provide highly realistic images without the need for special eyewear, making them valuable tools for applications that require "situational awareness" such as medical, industrial and military imaging. Current commercially available holographic 3D displays employ photopolymers that lack image updating capability, resulting in their restricted use and high cost per 3D image. The holographic 3D display shown here employs photorefractive polymers with nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and fast writing time, hours of image persistence, rapid erasure and large area, a combination of properties that has not been shown before. The 3D display is based on stereography and utilizes world's largest photorefractive devices (4x4 inch in size). It can be recorded within a few minutes, viewed for several hours without the need for refreshing and can be completely erased and updated with new images when desired, thusly comprising the first updateable holographic 3D display with memory, suitable for practical use.

The main aim of the research has been to produce and evaluate a high-quality diffusion screen to display projected film and television images. The screens have also been found to effectively de-pixelate LCD arrays viewed at a magnification of approximately 4x. The production process relies on the formation of localized refractive index gradients in a photopolymer. The photopolymer, specially formulated and supplied by Du Pont, is exposed to actinic light through a precision contact mask to initiate polymerization within the exposed areas. As polymerization proceeds, a monomer concentration gradient exists between the exposed and unexposed regions allowing the monomer molecules to diffuse. Since the longer polymer chains do not diffuse as readily, the molecular concentration of the material, which is related to its refractive index, is then no longer uniform. The generation of this refractive index profile can, to some extent, be controlled by careful exposure of the photopolymer through the correct mask so that the resulting diffusion screen can be tailored to suit specific viewing requirements.

This paper examines stereographic images as scholarly resources, and begins with a brief history of the stereograph. A discussion and review of the literature related to the stereograph as well as the preservation of photographic objects follows the introduction. In addition to the literature review, collections of stereographs at four repositories were evaluated for usability: The Keystone-Mast Archive at the University of California, Riverside; The Eliot Elisofon Archive at the Smithsonian Institution; the George Eastman House; the Library of Congress. The paper ends with suggestions for future work with the stereograph, in order to facilitate access and use by researchers.

We introduce the notion of special spherical symmetry and classify the complete regular minimal surfaces in the three sphere having this symmetry. We also show that the Clifford torus is the unique embedded minimal torus in three sphere possessing special spherical symmetry.

La estabilidad de las pendientes rocosas se considera crucial para la seguridad pública en las carreteras, así como también para la seguridad del personal y los equipos que trabajan en los cortes de roca. La inestabilidad y fallas en taludes rocosos se producen debido a muchos factores, como la geometría, las discontinuidades geológicas, el material del talud, y las condiciones climáticas severas. Así también como las cargas externas, las fuertes precipitaciones y la sismicidad que podrían jugar un papel importante en la falla. En esta tesis se desarrolla el método cinemático y el método empírico de “Índice de Riesgo” (tomado del inglés “Hazard Índex”) para la evaluación de la estabilidad del talud en la carretera Tarapoto- Yurimaguas, donde el talud corresponde a una roca residual tipo arenisca de baja resistencia, con alta precipitación por ser zona tropical y ubicada dentro de una zona sísmica. Se identifican los posibles tipos de falla mediante el análisis cinemático basado en la dirección del rumbo y buzamiento de las discontinuidades, se analiza las fallas encontradas con respecto al factor sísmico, y la condición de la estabilidad con el método empírico “Hazard Index” con respecto al factor de precipitación para así identificar la condición de estabilidad y mostrar el resultado. La tesis destaca algunas limitaciones de los métodos utilizados.
The stability of rocky slopes is considered crucial for public safety on the roads, as well as for the safety of personnel and teams working on rock cuts. Rock slope instability and failure occur due to many factors such as geometry, geological discontinuities, slope material, and severe weather conditions. As well as external loads, heavy precipitation, and seismicity that could play an important role in the failure. In this thesis we develop the kinematic method and the empirical method of "hazard Index" for evaluating the stability of the slope on the Tarapoto-Yurimaguas road, where the slope corresponds to a residual rock Low resistance sandstone type, with high precipitation as it is a tropical zone and located within a seismic zone. Possible types of failure are identified through kinematic analysis based on the direction of heading and dip of the discontinuities, the failures found are analyzed with respect to the seismic factor, and the condition of stability with the empirical method "Hazard Index" with respect to to the precipitation factor to identify the stability condition and show the result. The thesis highlights some limitations of the methods used.
Tesis

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Art." Discipline: Art; Department/School: Art.

У тезах розглянуто можливості створення сферичних панорамних зображень. Розглянуто особливості підготовки та етапи створення панорами у спеціалізованому програмному забезпеченню.
The thesis considers the possibility of creating spherical panoramic images. The peculiarities of preparation and stages of panorama creation in specialized software are considered.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Aiming to contribute to the teaching of basic education, this work will present a simple approach through the use of a well-known technique in antiquity, which is the stereographic projection. This paper will deal with the studies developed by Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866), which demonstrates how to design stereographically a sphere on a plane, called the complex plane. For this, we will show that the use of complex numbers has great relevance for understanding of the techniques commonly used in the development of cartography and other areas. We will present the set of complex numbers and then de ne the stereographic projection and some of its main properties, where we use the Geogebra software version 5.0, seeing that the software produces 3D animations, which will support in understanding the stereographic projection and of their properties by the high school students and teachers. Thus, this research will serve as a motivating element for students and teachers that seek to improve their knowledge because the study by Riemann is based on complex numbers which are studied in the course of primary education.
Com o objetivo de contribuir com o ensino da educação básica, este trabalho apresentará através de uma abordagem simples o uso de uma técnica muito conhecida na antiguidade, que é a projeção estereográ ca. Este trabalho abordará os estudos desenvolvidos por Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866), que demonstra como projetar estereogra camente uma esfera sobre um plano, denominado de plano complexo. Para isso, mostraremos que o uso dos números complexos terá grande relevância para compreendermos uma das técnicas mais usadas no desenvolvimento da cartogra a e outras áreas. Apresentaremos o conjunto dos números complexos e em seguida de niremos a projeção estereográ ca e algumas de suas principais propriedades, onde faremos o uso do software Geogebra versão 5.0, visto que este software produz animações em 3D, que servirão de suporte para a compreensão da projeção estereográ ca e de suas respectivas propriedades por parte dos alunos e professores do ensino médio. Com isso, esta pesquisa servirá de elemento motivador para alunos e professores que busquem aprimorar seus conhecimentos, pois o estudo desenvolvido por Riemann tem como base os números complexos que são estudados no decorrer do ensino básico.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é ampliar os conhecimentos sobre números complexos já adquiridos no ensino médio. Diversas formas de representação e propriedades operatórias são abordadas. Para este fim, primeiramente, os números complexos são definidos a partir do conceito de matrizes quadradas de ordem 2, e portanto, serão definidos como pares ordenados de números reais. Na sequência, a partir da apresentação geométrica dos conceitos e operações, é estudado o plano complexo estendido, as Transformações de Möbius e a Projeção Estereográfica.
The objective of this paper is to extend the concepts of complex numbers already acquired in high school. Many forms of representation and operative properties are used. For that, first, the complex numbers are defined from the concept of square matrices of order 2, and will therefore be defined as ordered pairs of real numbers. Following, from the geometric presentation of concepts and operations, it is studied the extended complex plane, the Möbius Transformations and the Stereographic Projection.

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CAPES
Na pedreira Combritas, localizada no distrito de Pão de Açúcar, município de Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, procedeu-se a análise estrutural da rocha, susceptível de aplicação ao bom planejamento das aberturas das faces livres, consistindo no mapeamento geológico de detalhe das principais descontinuidades presentes no maciço a partir da coleta de dados. Possibilitou-se, assim, a projeção das feições geométrico-estruturais e as prováveis orientações de instabilidade, que definem a ruptura natural da rocha, isto é, o bloco de partição. O objetivo foi a análise das características geomecânicas evidentes na face livre e a forma como está orientada. Os prováveis tipos de rupturas foram verificados nas cinco faces livres estudadas, através das técnicas de projeções estereográficas e cônicas das descontinuidades – famílias de fraturas, foliações, tipo bandamento e xistosidade – expressivos do bloco de partição natural da rocha. Assim, buscou-se a definição das superfícies levantante, alongante e trincante, e suas interseções nas faces livres já existentes. As interpretações das projeções identificaram a tendência do maciço a rupturas em cunha. Os marcadores de deformação apontaram para o estágio frágil-rúptil dos litotipos do maciço, enquanto o bloco de partição permitiu apontar a melhor abertura da face livre, que leva à otimização de carga, essencialmente evitando-se taludes negativos e repés, reduzindo os custos financeiros. As cunhas de partição caracterizaram as dificuldades registradas nas faces livres já abertas na pedreira de agregados para a construção civil. Em essência, há obliquidade entre a foliação da rocha e as famílias de fraturas mais frequentes, traduzindo-se, em geral, com alongamentos segundo a direção NNW-SSE até NE-SW, com mergulhos para o sentido leste do que se conclui que a abertura da face livre será otimizada se respeitar a direção daquele alongamento, mergulhando do sentido leste para oeste. Alternativamente, deve ser respeitada a direção da superfície alongante da rocha, de tal modo que a face livre verticalizada, nessa situação, deverá gerar menos taludes negativos e passivos ambientais.
The quarry Combritas, located in Pão de Açucar district, Taquaritinga of Norte city, Pernambuco, proceeded to the structural rock analysis that can be applied to good planning of the openings of the free faces, consisting of geological detail mapping of major discontinuities present in the mass from the data collection. It is possible, therefore, the projection of the geometric and structural features and likely directions of instability, which define the natural break the rock, that is, the partition block. The objective was to analyze the geomechanical characteristics evident on the free face and how it is oriented. The probable types of breaks were observed in five free faces studied, through the techniques of stereographic projections and conic of discontinuities - families fractures, foliation, type banding and foliation - expressive natural partition block of rock. Thus, we sought to define the boosting surfaces alongante and trincante, and their intersections on existing free faces. Interpretations of the projections identified the trend of massive breaks the wedge. Deformation marker pointed to the fragile, brittle stage of the mass lithologies while the partition block allowed to point the best opening of the free face, which leads to the load optimization essentially avoiding negative slopes and baize, reducing financial costs . The partition wedges characterized the difficulties recorded in the free faces now open in the quarry aggregates for the construction industry. In essence, there is obliquity between the foliation of the rock and the families of more frequent fractures, resulting in general with stretching according to NNW-SSE to NESW, with dips to the east direction than it is concluded that opening of the free face will be optimized to respect the direction of that stretch, plunging the eastbound west. Alternatively, it should be respected the direction of alongante rock surface, so that the free face vertically in this situation should generate less negative slope and environmental liabilities.

Ce travail est consacré à l'étude de la dispersion en milieux poreux saturés. Dans le cas de la dispersion transitoire dans un tube de section circulaire, le terme de diffusion de l'équation moyenne se transforme en un terme de relaxation linéaire. Aux temps courts ou en des positions axiales proches du point d'injection, le mélange est de type convectif. Aux temps longs, on retrouve le résultat de Taylor. Aux temps intermédiaires, le mélange convectif et le mélange diffusif sont du même ordre; le profil temporel de concentration moyenne présente alors un double pic. Nous discutons de la limite de validité du calcul proposé par comparaison avec les résultats de la littérature et le calcul en convection pure. Les milieux poreux sont fabriqués par stéréophotolithographie laser. Ils sont constitués d'un arrangement ordonné ou désordonné de cylindres circulaires formant une cellule unité reproduite périodiquement dans le plan d'étude. Pour deux directions de l'écoulement moyen dans un milieu en ligne, et une direction de l'écoulement dans un milieu désordonné, on compare l'évolution de la concentration mesurée par une camera et moyennée sur la cellule unité, avec celle prévue par la théorie. Le coefficient de dispersion longitudinal peut ainsi être déterminé en régime asymptotique et comparé aux valeurs prévues théoriquement. La technique mise au point ici se révèle très prometteuse pour l'élucidation des mécanismes de dispersion en milieu poreux

碩士
中國文化大學
藝術研究所
88
Abstract School: The Graduate Institute of Fine Arts of Chinese Culture University. Graduation time: June.2000, master degree in the 2nd term of 1999. Thesis theme: A Study on Visual Art Using Stereography. Thesis Advisor: Doctor Sheu Kuen-Cherng Doctor Lo Rong-Chin Graduate student: Chang People Thesis summary: Owing to the reason that human beings exist in a three dimensional space, the world which people see is not a flat picture composed by length and width, but a space with depth―the third dimension beside width and length. However, most works such as picture, photography, computer image, and so on, are showed in two-dimensional geometry because of the limitation of technology and material. Therefore, a lot of information related to the description of depth is missing. Fortunately, through the interaction of human eyes and brains the plane geometry works can be perceived and transformed into three dimensional objects. This explains why most art works and visual arts are still presented on two dimensions. To create a more grateful and joyful visual environment for art appreciation audience, two dimensional presentation of visual art has to be improved because pursuing continuous enhancement has always been human desire. With the integration of traditional advantage and contemporary technology, most art works can reveal a three dimensional visual aesthetic feeling. The thesis is aimed to adopt the stereography presentation in fine art, movie, television, computer image and mass media, etc, in order to create a three dimensional visual art.

碩士
世新大學
圖文傳播暨數位出版學研究所(含碩專班)
93
This study is to combine two kinds of image stereogram technique. It is a new technique of stereogram using the combination of Single Image Random Dot Stereography (SIRDS) technique and lenticular stereoscopic imaging(LSI) technique named “Single Image Random Dot Lenticular Stereoscopic Imaging” (SIRDLSI). This study uses experiment study method. It mainly to prove the possibility and supposed possible result. This study selects four commercial lenticular sheets as experiment materials of research and three different types of output equipment. In order to make it more functional on sight correction, we particularly use Landolt sight table as part of the experiment. Although the experiment works out the “SIRDLSI” technique, the combination of both is subject to some conditional limitation and confinement. This experiment just records down what are observed and rating the result. To those who plan to do quantity experiment or rate the result of experiment by other methods, this study can be used as a guideline and reference.

by Tsang Wai Nam.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-176).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- ACL ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Microscopic anatomy --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Gross anatomy --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Functions of ACL --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Kinematics of ACL --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Biomechanics of ACL --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- ACL INJURY --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Epidemiology --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Mechanism of injury --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Clinical signs and symptoms of ACL injury --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Consequences after ACL injury --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACL INJURY --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.1 --- ACL reconstruction --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Healing of the graft --- p.20
Chapter 2.4 --- REHABILITATION --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Rehabilitation of the ACL-deficient knee --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Rehabilitation of the ACL-reconstructed knee --- p.22
Chapter 2.5 --- KINEMATIC MEASUREMENT --- p.33
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Reasons for kinematic measurement --- p.33
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Measurement methods --- p.33
Chapter 2.6 --- ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS (RSA) --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Plain radiographic method --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.2 --- RSA --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Convergent versus Biplane x-ray methods --- p.46
Chapter 2.7 --- VIDEO STEREOGRAPHY --- p.49
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Kinematic studies --- p.49
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Strain studies --- p.52
Chapter 2.7.3 --- Errors from video camera measurement --- p.53
Chapter 2.8 --- EXTERNAL MARKERS --- p.54
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Skin markers --- p.55
Chapter 2.8.2 --- Plate markers --- p.55
Chapter 2.8.3 --- Skeletal markers --- p.56
Chapter 2.8.4 --- Virtual markers --- p.58
Chapter 2.9 --- ARTHROSCOPY --- p.61
Chapter 2.10 --- RATIONALE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT --- p.63
Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- INSTRUMENTATION --- p.69
Chapter 3.1 --- RSA --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Biplane x-ray apparatus --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Internal markers and implant instrument --- p.70
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Plexi-glass calibration box --- p.71
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Transparent digitizer and computer --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Accuracy of the RSA --- p.74
Chapter 3.2 --- MOUNTING JIGS AND FORCE APPLICATION SYSTEM --- p.74
Chapter 3.3 --- VIDEO STEREOGRAPHY --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.1 --- PEAK motion measurement system --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.2 --- External markers --- p.79
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Calibration frame --- p.81
Chapter 3.4 --- ARTHROSCOPY INSTRUMENT --- p.82
Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- METHODOLOGY --- p.84
Chapter 4.1 --- EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Specimens --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Implantation of tantalum beads into the ACL --- p.84
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Set-up of the video motion measurement system and x-ray --- p.86
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Mounting of cadaveric knees --- p.88
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Mounting of external markers --- p.88
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Pre-conditioning --- p.89
Chapter 4.1.7 --- Application of force --- p.89
Chapter 4.1.8 --- X-ray and video camera capturing --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.9 --- The conditions of ACL --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.10 --- Digitization of x-ray images --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.11 --- Digitization of video images --- p.92
Chapter 4.2 --- TESTING OF INSTRUMENTATION --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Accuracy of the PEAK motion measurement system --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Reliability of the experimental set-up and migration of tantalum beads --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Comparison of the x, y, and z coordinates of external markers imaged by RSA and video stereography" --- p.96
Chapter 4.3 --- PREDICTION OF LENGTH CHANGE OF ACL --- p.96
Chapter 4.4 --- BEHAVIOR OF ACL --- p.97
Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- DATA ANALYSIS AND STATISTICAL METHODS --- p.98
Chapter 5.1 --- MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION --- p.98
Chapter 5.1.1 --- RSA calculation --- p.98
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Determination of the length changes of ACL using RSA and video stereography --- p.102
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Calculation of center of the external markers --- p.111
Chapter 5.2 --- ACCURACY OF THE PEAK MOTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM --- p.113
Chapter 5.3 --- STATISTICAL METHODS --- p.114
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Reliability of the experimental set-up and migration of tantalum beads
Chapter 5.3.2 --- "Comparison of the x, y, and z coordinates of external markers imaged by RSA and video stereography" --- p.114
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Prediction of length change of ACL --- p.115
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Behavior of ACL --- p.115
Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- RESULT --- p.116
Chapter 6.1 --- ACCURACY OF THE PEAK MOTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM --- p.116
Chapter 6.2 --- RELIABILITY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP --- p.117
Chapter 6.3 --- MIGRATION OF TANTALUM BEADS --- p.120
Chapter 6.4 --- "COMPARISON OF THE X，Y, AND Z COORDINATES OF EXTERNAL MARKERS IMAGED BY RSA AND VIDEO STEREOGRAPHY" --- p.123
Chapter 6.5 --- PREDICTION OF LENGTH CHANGE OF ACL --- p.125
Chapter 6.6 --- BEHAVIOR OF ACL --- p.129
Chapter 6.6.1 --- Comparison of length changes in different conditions of ACL --- p.130
Chapter 6.6.2 --- Comparison of length changes of AM and PL bundles of ACL --- p.131
Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- DISCUSSION --- p.132
Chapter 7.1 --- LIMITATIONS --- p.132
Chapter 7.2 --- VIDEO STEREOGRAPHY --- p.135
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Accuracy of the PEAK motion measurement system --- p.135
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Prediction of length change of ACL by video stereography --- p.138
Chapter 7.2.3 --- External markers --- p.144
Chapter 7.3 --- BEHAVIOR OF ACL --- p.145
Chapter 7.3.1 --- Effect of sectioning on the behavior of ACL as measured by RSA --- p.146
Chapter 7.3.2 --- The behavior of AM and PL bundles as measured by RSA --- p.147
Chapter 7.3.3 --- Comparison of the RSA and video stereography systems in the study of the behavior of ACL --- p.149
Chapter 7.4 --- SOURCES OF ERROR --- p.151
Chapter 7.5 --- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS --- p.153
Chapter 7.5.1 --- Suggestions to the logistic of the video stereography in in vivo --- p.153
Chapter 7.5.2 --- Suggested clinical applications --- p.156
Chapter 7.6 --- FUTURE STUDY --- p.158
Chapter 7.7 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.162
REFERENCES --- p.163
APPENDICES --- p.177
Chapter 1. --- Mathematical derivations for RSA system --- p.177
Chapter 2. --- Computer program for the RSA system: BP41 EXE --- p.186
Chapter 3. --- Computer program to find the center of the external markers: FINDCG.EXE --- p.191
Chapter 4. --- Data and statistical results --- p.196

This study considers the implications of the "stereoscopic tours" and Travel System produced by the American photographic concern Underwood & Underwood, c. 1897-1912 from the perspective of social and cultural history. After providing an account of the history of the European and American stereo industries, a cultural-contextual reading of stereoscopic tourism is offered. This reading focuses on two main aspects of late 19 th century American society: middle-class tourism, and burgeoning U.S. expansionism. A conclusion points the way to further study by considering the stereograph's role in the shift towards the visual bias of knowledge.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
101
Due to the stereo movies and popularization of stereo displays in recent years, the applications of stereo are growing rapidly. However, the high-cost of production makes the deficiency of stereo content, and it furthermore causes the market of stereo displays inactive. In such environment, converting 2D to 3D by real-time becomes a key technique to satisfy the needs of the market. In order to convert 2D to 3D, by estimating and creating a depth map from a 2D image, then using Depth Image Based Rendering method (DIBR) to generate two or more images to simulate different viewpoints is common and widely applied for the moment. However, the content of these 3D images, which are simulated from 2D images, are accompanied with some problems, such as incorrect depth information. In2011, Overington bring up the idea based on Naked Eye 3D algorism to enhance the perception of depth in the 2D images and this study is citing this idea to enhance the perception of depth in the images which were converted from 2D to 3D. The objective of this study is investigating if the simulated 3D images, which processed by Naked Eye 3D algorism, will perform better in visual depth perception than the images non-processed or not. The experiment of the study will use the procedure and parameters of Naked Eye 3D algorism as factors, which are Repetition (3 levels), DoG (Difference of Gaussian) Filter (4 levels) and Sigma (6 levels), then asking participants for applying the Likert 8-points scale to compare the 3D images processed by Naked Eye 3D algorism with the non-processed 3D images according to their cognitive perception of depth. The conclusions are listed as follows. First, all main factors are significantly different; Second, there is interaction effect between Repetition and Sigma, and DoG Filter and Sigma as well. Special in Sigma levels are 2.0 and 2.5. Final, all of the levels of each factors have positive effects to enhance the perception of depth.

The Enigma of Appearances is an examination into the medium of three-dimensional photography, with particular focus on the technique of stereoscopy. Invented in the mid-Victorian era, stereoscopy was an attempt to simulate natural three-dimensional perception via a combination of optics, neurology, and a pair of dissimilar images. Whilst successful in producing a powerful illusion of spatial depth and tangibility, the illusion produced by stereoscopy is anything but ??natural??, when compared to three-dimensional perception observed with the naked eye. Rather, stereoscopic photography creates a strange and unnatural interpretation of three-dimensional reality, devoid of atmosphere, movement and sound, where figures appear frozen in mid-motion, like waxwork models, or embalmed creatures in a museum. However, it is precisely stereoscopic photography??s unique and enigmatic interpretation of three-dimensional reality, which gives it its strength, separating it from being a mere ??realistic?? recording of the natural world. This thesis examines the unique cultural position that stereoscopy has occupied since its invention in 1838, from its early role as a tool for the study of binocular vision, to its phenomenal popularity as a form of mass entertainment in the second half of the 19th century, to its emergence in contemporary fine art practice in the late 20th and 21stt centuries. Additionally, The Enigma of Appearances gives a detailed analysis of the theory of spatial depth perception; it discusses the dichotomy between naturalia versus artificialia in relation to stereoscopic vision; and finally, traces the development of experimental studio practice and research into stereoscopic photography, undertaken for this MFA between 2005 and 2007. The resulting work, Camera Mortuaria (Italian for ??Mortuary Room??), is a powerful and innovative series of anaglyptic portraits, based upon an experimental stereoscopic technique that enables the production of extreme close-up three-dimensional photography. Applying this technique to the reproduction of the human face in three-dimensional form, Camera Mortuaria presents a series of ??photo sculptures??, which hover between reality and illusion, pushing the boundaries of stills photography to the limit, and beyond.

We focus on the two overlapping areas of preference queries and dataset summarization. A (linear) preference query specifies the relative importance of the attributes in a dataset and asks for the tuples that best match those preferences. Dataset summarization is the task of representing an entire dataset by a small, representative subset. Within these areas, we focus on three important sub-problems, significantly advancing the state-of-the-art in each. We begin with an investigation into a new formulation of preference queries, identifying a neglected and important subclass that we call threshold projection queries. While literature typically constrains the attribute preferences (which are real-valued weights) such that their sum is one, we show that this introduces bias when querying by threshold rather than cardinality. Using projection, rather than inner product as in that literature, removes the bias. We then give algorithms for building and querying indices for this class of query, based, in the general case, on geometric duality and halfspace range searching, and, in an important special case, on stereographic projection. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate the monochromatic reverse top-k (mRTOP) query in two dimensions. A mRTOP query asks for, given a tuple and a dataset, the linear preference queries on the dataset that will include the given tuple. Towards this goal, we consider the novel scenario of building an index to support mRTOP queries, using geometric duality and plane sweep. We show theoretically and empirically that the index is quick to build, small on disk, and very efficient at answering mRTOP queries. As a corollary to these efforts, we defined the top-k rank contour, which encodes the k-ranked tuple for every possible linear preference query. This is tremendously useful in answering mRTOP queries, but also, we posit, of significant independent interest for its relation to myriad related linear preference query problems. Intuitively, the top-k rank contour is the minimum possible representation of knowledge needed to identify the k-ranked tuple for any query, without apriori knowledge of that query. We also introduce k-regret minimizing sets, a very succinct approximation of a numeric dataset. The purpose of the approximation is to represent the entire dataset by just a small subset that nonetheless will contain a tuple within or near to the top-k for any linear preference query. We show that the problem of finding k-regret minimizing sets—and, indeed, the problem in literature that it generalizes—is NP-Hard. Still, for the special case of two dimensions, we provide a fast, exact algorithm based on the top-k rank contour. For arbitrary dimension, we introduce a novel greedy algorithm based on linear programming and randomization that does excellently in our empirical investigation.
Graduate
0984