Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stéréogramme'
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Limkhaitir, Mohamed Mahmoud. "Modélisation des formes volumiques à partir d'images tomographiques 3D : application à la Caractérisation de l'espace poral du sol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066556.
Full textIn this thesis we present a primary representation for complex 3D volume shape. We de fine a 3D volume shape by a set of voxels derived from a computed tomography volume image. In a theoretical point of view, this set of voxels defi nes its indicatrix function. The basic idea is to look for a compact, stable and robust piece wise analytic approximation of the shape which conserves its topological and geometrical properties. We propose to describe a volume shape by a minimal number of balls included within the shape and recovering the shape skeleton. We show that it is equivalent to find out a (fi nite) minimal set of "maximal balls" recovering the skeleton. In the case where the absolute values of the principal curvatures of the shape envelope are bounded above we prove that such a finite set does exist. Indeed, our new shape representation provides an optimal description of the shape cavities. We propose an algorithm based on Delaunay 3D triangulation to compute the MISS of a volume shape described by a set of voxels. Afterwards, this representation can be used to approximate the shape using more sophisticated primitives like cylinders, cones, generalized cylinders. We propose algorithms to provide optimal cylinders and cones from ball network. The final result is an intrinsic and robust description of the initial shape using both balls, cylinders, cones. This scheme can be extended by using also curved cylinders and curved cones. Finally, we apply our algorithm to 3D volume Computed Tomography soil data in order to provide intrinsic and robust geometrical description of pore space to be used for biological dynamics simulation and modeling
Buchholz, Bert. "Abstraction et traitement de masses de données 3D animées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0080.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore intermediary structures and their relationship to the employed algorithms in the context of photorealistic (PR) and non-photorealistic (NPR) rendering. We present new structures for rendering as well as new uses for existing structures. We present three original contributions in the NPR and PR domain: First, we present binary shading, a method to generate stylized black and white images, inspired by comic artists, using appearance and geometry in a graph-based energy formulation. The user can control the algorithm to generate images of different styles and representations. The second work allows the temporally coherent parameterization of line animations for texturing purposes. We introduce a spatio-temporal structure over the input data and an energy formulation for a globally optimal parameterization. Similar to the work on binary shading, the energy formulation provides a an important and simple control over the output. Finally, we present an extension to Point-based Global Illumination, a method used extensively in movie production during the last years. Our work allows compressing the data generated by the original algorithm using quantification. It is memory-efficient and has only a neglegible time overhead while enabling the rendering of larger scenes. The user can easily control the strength and quality of the compression. We also propose a number of possible extensions and improvements to the methods presented in the thesis
Yvinec, Yann. "Appariement dense de stéréogrammes issus d'un capteur binoculaire non calibré." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT001H.
Full textWehrli, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude locale des fronts d'ondes générés par des stéréogrammes holographiques." Université Strasbourg I, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13208.
Full textKemgue, Alain Trésor. "Modélisation des formes volumiques complexes par des volumes quadriques. Application à la représentation de l'espace poral du sol à partir des images tomographiques 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS158.pdf.
Full textMost of the natural shapes have complex volume forms that are usually difficult to model using simple analytical equations. The complexity of the representation is due to the heterogeneity of the physical environment and the variety of phenomena involved. In our study, we are interested by the complex volume shapes structures representation from computed tomographic images. Thanks to the technological advances in Computed Tomography scanners, the image acquisition of complex shapes becomes possible. However, these image data are not directly usable for simulation or modeling purposes. In this thesis, we investigate an approach of modeling of such shapes which consists in making a piecewise approximation of the image data by quadric volumes. We propose to use a split-merge strategy and a region growing algorithm to optimize a function that includes both an approximation error term and a scale factor term that is opposed to it. The input of our algorithms is voxel-based shape description and the result is a set of tangent or disjoint quadric volumes representing the shape in an intrinsic way. We apply our method to represent 3D soil pore space obtained from the Computed Tomography scanners. Within this specific context, we validate our geometrical modeling by performing simulations of water draining and microbial decomposition activities on real data soil sample. This study involves several ecological, agricultural and industrial issues
Mallem, Abdelmalik. "Aide à la perception en téléopération : superposition à une image caméra d'une image synthétique animée en "temps réel" à partir d'informations capteurs." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120009.
Full textPaquette, François. "La stéréopsie telle que mesurée par la discrimination de stéréogrammes de Julesz chez quatre sujets atteints d'agénésie calleuse." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1985. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5859/1/000559857.pdf.
Full textChammem, Afef. "Robust watermarking techniques for stereoscopic video protection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0008.
Full textThe explosion in stereoscopic video distribution increases the concerns over its copyright protection. Watermarking can be considered as the most flexible property right protection technology. The watermarking applicative issue is to reach the trade-off between the properties of transparency, robustness, data payload and computational cost. While the capturing and displaying of the 3D content are solely based on the two left/right views, some alternative representations, like the disparity maps should also be considered during transmission/storage. A specific study on the optimal (with respect to the above-mentioned properties) insertion domain is also required. The present thesis tackles the above-mentioned challenges. First, a new disparity map (3D video-New Three Step Search - 3DV-NTSS) is designed. The performances of the 3DV-NTSS were evaluated in terms of visual quality of the reconstructed image and computational cost. When compared with state of the art methods (NTSS and FS-MPEG) average gains of 2dB in PSNR and 0.1 in SSIM are obtained. The computational cost is reduced by average factors between 1.3 and 13. Second, a comparative study on the main classes of 2D inherited watermarking methods and on their related optimal insertion domains is carried out. Four insertion methods are considered; they belong to the SS, SI and hybrid (Fast-IProtect) families. The experiments brought to light that the Fast-IProtect performed in the new disparity map domain (3DV-NTSS) would be generic enough so as to serve a large variety of applications. The statistical relevance of the results is given by the 95% confidence limits and their underlying relative errors lower than er<0.1
Dautraix, Isabelle. "LaStéréo échographie. : Une nouvelle technique de visualisation volumique de données ultrasonores." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0012.
Full textThis work concerns the presentation in relief of medical ultrasonic data obtained by echography B. The originality of this study consists in transposing the classical stereoscopic technicals in the field of ultrasonic imaging. By analogy with the stereo-radiography by X rays, the principle of the stereo-echographis drawn up. An homogeneous volume of data, in Cartesian coordinates, is obtained by interpolation of the ultrasonic cross-sectional images acquired by translation or rotation of an echographic probe. Thanks to the collinear equations of the photogrammetry, two stereo-echograms of the ultrasonic volume are computerized. The value of the parameters of simulated systems of shot is chosen so that the visual restitution of the relief is optimized. Moreover, in order to make the restitution of the relief easier, the ultrasonic data can be pre-treated before the calculation of the stereo-echograms and some synthetic data (simple geometrical volumes) can be added to the data. The algorithms of the computation of the stereo-echograms have been first validated on physical phantoms and then applied on actual ultrasonic data (liver, foetus,. . . ). Contrary to the technicals of surface or volume rendering, which are difficult to apply to ultrasonic data which are very noisy by nature, the stereo-echography provides a presentation in true relief which makes the interpretation and the understanding of 3D complicated structures easier
CARTOUX, JEAN-YVES. "Formes dans les images de profondeur. Application a l'authentification et a la reconnaissance de visages." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21189.
Full textHariti, Mohamed. "Une méthode rapide d'appariement d'images stéréoscopiques : application à la perception de l'environnement d'un véhicule routier." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2032.
Full textPassive stereo vision is a well known approach for recovering 3-D information from two or more images of a scene observed from different viewpoints. The key problem in this approach is the matching process, which is difficult to solve and computationally expensive. In the robot vision domain, this problem is generally simplified by making hypotheses about the type of objects being observed and their visual environment so that structural features, such as corners or vertical straight lines, can be more or less easily extracted. Unfortunately, setting-up a conventional stereo vision system on board a moving vehicle for real-time obstacle detection is difficult because, in the road environment, the features are too numerous to allow a reliable matching within an acceptable computer time. In this thesis, we propose a new method to achieve real-time edge stereo matching. A procedure is first applied to extract edges from the left and right linear images. Each edge is characterized by its position in the image, the magnitude and the sign of the gradient. Based on a global searching approach, the stereo matching method consists in affecting a score to each pair of edges, which respects the position and slope constraints. This score represents the matching quality of a pair of edges. It is calculated thanks to a voting process, which is based on three global constraints : uniqueness, ordering and smoothness constraints. We present afterwards a procedure for weighting the scores of the possible matches by using the gradient magnitudes of the edges. The weight affected to each pair of edges is calculated by comparing their gradient magnitude. This comparison supposes that important weights are affected to the pairs of edges for which the gradient magnitudes are close (and vice-versa). Finally, we propose another way for making use of the gradient magnitudes of the edges to perform stereo matching. It consists in matching edges at different levels, from significant edges to less significant ones. At each level, the process starts by selecting significant edges with respect to their gradient magnitude. The selected edges are then matched and the obtained pairs are used as reference pairs for matching less significant edges in the next level. [. . . ]
Abi-Ayad, Arslane. "Calibrages statique et dynamique de caméras : application à la manipulation d'objets polyédriques par un robot sous le contr^ole d'une tête de vision stéréoscopique." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT061H.
Full textMarion-Poty, Virginie. "Approches parallèles pour la squelettisation 3-D." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10342.
Full textFeisst, Markus. "Study of protocols and realisation of a augmented mobile virtual reality system." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/FEISST_Markus_2006.pdf.
Full text3D virtual reality can provide a realistic presentation of information to the user. With the help of description languages for virtual reality (e. G. VRML, X3D) powerful means are available which can be presented on modern personal computer in a web browser featured with a plug-in. The goal of this research was to provide the same functionality to users with mobile phones. For this purpose functionality of mobile phones was examined. In order to realise optimisation for mobile phones a proxy is introduced to perform the data optimisation for the corresponding mobile phone on the fly. Improving the realism, methods to display the 3D virtual reality as stereoscopic presentation are examined and presented
Evrard, Ludovic. "Contribution à la reconstruction surfacique par organisation perceptuelle sous vision monoculaire en lumière structurée." Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0026.
Full textHubert, Guillaume. "Elaboration d'une méthode de prédiction du taux d'aléas logiques induits dans les mémoires SRAM par les neutrons atmosphériques." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20002.
Full textSabater, Neus. "Fiabilité et précision en stéréoscopie : application à l’imagerie aérienne et satellitaire à haute résolution." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505143/fr/.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to stereovision written in the framework of the MISS (Mathematics for Stereoscopic Space Imaging) project launched by CNES in cooperation with several university laboratories in 2007. This project has the ambitious goal to model a stereo satellite, using two almost simultaneous views of the Earth with small baseline in urban areas. Its main goal is to get an automatic chain of urban reconstruction at high resolution from such pairs of views. The project faces fundamental problems that this thesis aims at solving. The first problem is the rejection of matches that could occur just by chance, particularly in shadows or occlusions, and the rejection of moving objects (vehicles, pedestrians, etc. ). This thesis proposes a method for rejecting false matches based on the a contrario methodology. The mathematical consistency of this rejection method will be shown and it will be validated on exact simulated pairs, on ground truths provided by CNES, and pairs of classical benchmark (Middlebury). The reliable accepted matches reach a 40% to 90% density in the tested pairs. The second issue is the accuracy. Indeed, the type of considered stereoscopy requires a very low baseline between the two views, which are visually almost identical. To get a proper relief, an extremely accurate shift must be estimated, and the noise level that allows this accuracy must be calibrated. In this thesis a subpixel disparity estimation method is proposed, which will be proved optimal by experimental and mathematical arguments. These results extend and improve the results obtained by the CNES method MARC. In particular, it will be shown on the Middlebury benchmark that the theoretical accuracy allowed by the noise exactly corresponds to the accuracy obtained on the reliable matches. Although these results are obtained within the framework of a specific acquisition system (low baseline stereoscopy on aerial or satellite images), all results are used in a general stereo framework, as shown in many experiments
Lenoir, Nicolas. "Comportement mécanique et rupture dans les roches argileuses étudiés par micro tomographie à rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10025.
Full textWITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FEASABILITY STUDIES OF UNDERGROUND REPOSITORIES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE, THE STUDY OF PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION WITH DAMAGE OF THE HOST LAYER IS CRUCIAL. THE GOALS OF THIS WORK WERE : (i) TO CHARACTERIZE EXPERIMENTALLY THE DAMAGE OF TWO CLAYEY ROCKS (BEAUCAIRE MARL AND EAST SHALE) WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY, (ii) TO DEVELOPP A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL SET-UP ADAPTED TO PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT ON VERY LOW PERMEABILITY ROCKS. A NUMBER OF ORIGINAL TRIAXIAL DEVICES HAVE BEEN REALISED TO CHARACTERIZE DAMAGE OF CLAYEY ROCKS, UNDER DEVIATORIC LOADING, WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY ON A SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE AT THE ESRF (GRENOBLE). LOCALIZED DAMAGE AND ITS EVOLUTION HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED AT A FINE SCALE (OF ORDER OF TEN MICRONS). DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TECHNIQUES, EXTENDED TO 3D IMAGES, HAVE BEEN USED TO MEASURE INCREMENTAL STRAIN FIELDS FROM TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE TECHNIQUES ARE VERY USEFUL IN THE STUDY OF THE LOCALIZED DAMAGE OF GEOMATERIALS AND ESPECIALLY FOR THE INITIATION. A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL DEVICE HAS BEEN REALISED TO MEASURE PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION OF THE EAST SHALE AS A FUNCTION OF APLLIED STRESS (ISOTROPIC AND DEVIATORIC). THE PARTICULARITY OF THIS SET-UP IS THE SMALL SIZE OF THE TEST SPECIMEN (CYLINDER OF 10MM IN DIAMETER AND 20MM IN HEIGHT) WHICH ALLOWS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF TEST DURATION
Perroton, Laurent. "Segmentation parallèle d'images volumiques." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10328.
Full textBolland, Patrice. "Traitements d'images ultrasonores : étude et application de la transformation de Hough aux échos de diffraction." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS074.
Full textKnödel, Sebastian. "Beyond desktop : designing novel user interfaces to enhance 3D exploration." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13912/document.
Full textOur research concerns the investigation of new approaches that enhance 3D exploration in virtual environments for users. Thereby, we concentrate on design of novel transversal 3D interaction techniques that are simple, efficient and benefit from new input technology, like tactile interfaces. Our approach allows users to perform complex 3D interaction using single and multiple 2D touch input. Users carry out simple touch, stroke or sketch-based gestures to interact with content. To draw conclusions about the usability of our interfaces we evaluate the interaction techniques by conducting users studies. In addition, we adopt different traditional and illustrative visualization techniques to highlight object characteristics in focus while preserving context information. Furthermore, we propose new methods for collaboration between users, who interact together with 3D data using varying technology, from small mobile devices to immersive virtual environments
Kermi, Adel. "Reconstructions faciales à partir d'images tridimensionnelles de crânes humains par recalage et modèle déformable pour l'identification de personnes." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004311.
Full textHachicha, Walid. "Traitement, codage et évaluation de la qualité d’images stéréoscopiques." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132037.
Full textRecent developments in 3D stereoscopic technology have opened new horizons in many application fields such as 3DTV, 3D cinema, video games and videoconferencing and at the same time raised a number of challenges related to the processing and coding of 3D data. Today, stereoscopic imaging technology is becoming widely used in many fields. There are still some problems related to the physical limitations of image acquisition systems, e.g. transmission and storage requirements. The objective of this thesis is the development of methods for improving the main steps of stereoscopic imaging pipeline such as enhancement, coding and quality assessment. The first part of this work addresses quality issues including contrast enhancement and quality assessment of stereoscopic images. Three algorithms have been proposed. The first algorithm deals with the contrast enhancement aiming at promoting the local contrast guided by calculated/estimated object importance map in the visual scene. The second and the third algorithms aim at predicting the distortion severity of stereo images. In the second one, we have proposed a fullreference metric that requires the reference image and is based on some 2D and 3D findings such as amplitude non-linearity, contrast sensitivity, frequency and directional selectivity, and binocular just noticeable difference model. While in the third algorithm, we have proposed a no-reference metric which needs only the stereo pair to predict its quality. The latter is based on Natural Scene statistics to identify the distortion affecting the stereo image. The statistic 3D features consist in combining features extracted from the natural stereo pair and those from the estimate disparity map. To this end, a joint wavelet transform, inspired from the vector lifting concept is first employed. Then, the features are extracted from the obtained subbands. The second part of this dissertation addresses stereoscopic image compression issues. We started by investigating a one-dimensional directional discrete cosine transform to encode the disparity compensated residual image. Afterwards, and based on the wavelet transform, we investigated two techniques for optimizing the computation of the residual image. Finally, we present efficient bit allocation methods for stereo image coding purpose. Generally, the bit allocation problem is solved in an empirical manner by looking for the optimal rates leading to the minimum distortion value. Thanks to recently published work on approximations of the entropy and distortion functions, we proposed accurate and fast bit allocation schemes appropriate for the open-loop and closed-loop based stereo coding structures
Vazquez, Marie-Danielle. "Apport de la reconstruction du mésonéphros segmenté dans l'étude des connexions uro-génitales chez l'homme et la souris." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0330_VAZQUEZ.pdf.
Full textJaar, Frédéric. "Reconstruction 3D à l'aide de surfaces à déformations libres." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS054.
Full textConil, Frédéric. "Développements instrumentaux et expérimentation en endoscopie sismique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10164.
Full textAppadoo, Owen Kevin. "Recherches et expérimentations artistiques en images numériques à base d'interférences : concevoir des personnages tridimensionnels grâce aux illusions visuelles des franges d'interférence volontairement perturbées." Phd thesis, Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/119079542#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe ability to conceive in total abstraction calls upon the faculty that has our brain to fill what is not visible by the nearest image. That creates a visual illusion and then our imagination bring forward mental images. My research consists in presenting an artistic concept using interferences and illusions to create three-dimensional characters. Also this thesis is composed in two sections. The first section is a general study on the properties of light, optical and the method to create interferences. The second section is based on my practical work. I explain, step by step, how to conceive three-dimensional characters due to visual illusions obtained through interference rings disturbed on purpose
Dosch, Philippe. "Un environnement pour la reconstruction 3D d'édifices à partir de plans d'architecte." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0066_DOSCH.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is in line with the field of document analysis, and more precisely deals with graphics recognition. Our purpose is the construction of a 3D model of a building from the architectural drawings of its f1oors. For that, we have a set of analysis modules and a graphical user interface (GUI) allowing a human operator to control the processings to be pelformed in an optimal way. The major part of this thesis describes the various processings implemented, from the low-level (bitmap images processings) to the high-Ievel (vectorized data processings). We describe the choices which have led us to define a threelayered software architecture, hierarchally organized: A library of software components, an applicative layer grouping the various processings together and the GUI. The latter allows to directly interact on data to control the the analysis, and manages the man-machine cooperation. All the members of our research teams have been involved in this work, but our main contributions concem the design of the GUI, the spatial organization of processings (tiling), the extraction of middle-level features (dashed and dotted lines, symbols such as stairwell, etc. ) and matching algorithms to construct the 3D structure of a building, as weil as the software integration and the design of the GUI
Kadaikar, Aysha-Khatoon. "Optimization of the Rate-Distortion Compromise for Stereoscopic Image Coding using Joint Entropy-Distortion Metric." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD083/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, a wide range of applications using stereoscopic technology has emerged still offering an increased immersion to the users such as video games with autostereoscopic displays, 3D-TV or stereovisio-conferencing. The raise of these applications requires fast processing and efficient compression techniques. In particular, stereoscopic images require twice the amount of information needed to transmit or store them in comparison with 2D images as they are composed of two views of the same scene. The contributions of our work are in the field of stereoscopic image compression and more precisely, we get interested in the improvement of the disparity map estimation. Generally, disparities are selected by minimizing a distortion metric which is sometimes subjected to a smoothness constraint, assuming that a smooth disparity map needs a smaller bitrate to be encoded. But a smoother disparity map does not always reduce significantly the bitrate needed to encode it but can increase the distortion of the predicted view. Therefore, the first algorithm we have proposed minimizes a joint entropy-distortion metric to select the disparities. At each step of the algorithm, the bitrate of the final disparity map is estimated and included in the metric to minimize. Moreover, this algorithm relies on a tree where a fixed number of paths are extended at each depth of the tree, ensuring good rate-distortion performance. In the second part of the work, we have proposed a sub-optimal solution with a smaller computational complexity by considering an initial solution -the one minimizing the distortion of the predicted view- which is successively modified as long as an improvement is observed in terms of rate-distortion. Then, we have studied how to take advantages of large search areas in which the disparities are selected as one can easily supposed that enlarging the search area will increase the distortion performance as there will be more choices of disparities. In the other hand, the larger is the range of the selected disparities, the higher is supposed to be the cost of the disparity map in terms of bitrate. We have proposed two approaches allowing to take advantage of a large search area by selecting only sets of disparities belonging to it enabling to achieve a given bitrate while minimizing the distortion of the predicted image. The last part of the work concerns variable block sizes which undeniably allows to improve the bitrate-distortion performance as the block size suits to the image features. We have thus proposed a novel algorithm which jointly estimates and optimizes the disparity and the block length maps
Gouet-Brunet, Valérie. "Mise en correspondance d'images en couleur : Application à la synthèse de vues intermédiaires." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20120.
Full textToulminet, Gwenaëlle. "Extraction des contours 3D des obstacles par stéréovision pour l'aide à la conduite automobile." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0011.
Full textYahiaoui, Tarek. "Une approche de stéréovision dense intégrant des contraintes de similarité : application au comptage des passagers entrant et sortant d'un autobus." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-33.pdf.
Full textLambert, de Cambray Béatrix. "Etude de la modélisation de la manipulation et de la représentation de l'information spatiale tridimensionnelle dans les bases de données géographiques." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066518.
Full textKadri, Imen. "Controlled estimation algorithms of disparity map using a compensation compression scheme for stereoscopic image coding." Thesis, Paris 13, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA131002.
Full textNowadays, 3D technology is of ever growing demand because stereoscopic imagingcreate an immersion sensation. However, the price of this realistic representation is thedoubling of information needed for storage or transmission purpose compared to 2Dimage because a stereoscopic pair results from the generation of two views of the samescene. This thesis focused on stereoscopic image coding and in particular improving thedisparity map estimation when using the Disparity Compensated Compression (DCC)scheme.Classically, when using Block Matching algorithm with the DCC, a disparity mapis estimated between the left image and the right one. A predicted image is thencomputed.The difference between the original right view and its prediction is called theresidual error. This latter, after encoding and decoding, is injected to reconstruct theright view by compensation (i.e. refinement) . Our first developed algorithm takes intoaccount this refinement to estimate the disparity map. This gives a proof of conceptshowing that selecting disparity according to the compensated image instead of thepredicted one is more efficient. But this done at the expense of an increased numericalcomplexity. To deal with this shortcoming, a simplified modelling of how the JPEGcoder, exploiting the quantization of the DCT components, used for the residual erroryields with the compensation is proposed. In the last part, to select the disparity mapminimizing a joint bitrate-distortion metric is proposed. It is based on the bitrateneeded for encoding the disparity map and the distortion of the predicted view.This isby combining two existing stereoscopic image coding algorithms
Song, Qiang. "Design of synthetic diffractive structures for 3D visualization applications and their fabrication by a novel parallel-write two-photon polymerization process." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0199.
Full textDiffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) are now widely used in academic and industrial applications due to their ultrathin, compact characteristics and their highly flexible manipulation of light wave-fronts. Despite these excellent properties, the scope of DOE applications is often limited by the fact that most DOEs are designed to generate only 2D projected patterns, and even more importantly, for use only with monochromatic, coherent, often collimated, laser sources. The cost and eye safety constraints of laser sources severely restrict DOE visualisation applications such as security holograms, and the 2D nature of the generated patterns limits virtual or augmented reality applications. To overcome these restrictions, this thesis targets the design and fabrication of wavelength selective 3D diffractive structures which can produce a perceived multiple view-angle “floating” 3D object behind the DOE substrate when illuminated by readily available and cheap white LED sources. In an initial approach we develop and experimentally validate a series of novel design algorithms for conventional optically “thin” DOE structures under incoherent, divergent illumination; first to project 2D patterns, then to create virtual 2D images and finally virtual 3D patterns. In a second stage, we leverage the capacities of optically “thick”, Bragg-like structures to introduce spectral selectivity (towards colour output patterns) and improve diffraction. Since the thin element approximation is invalid when designing optically thick 3D photonic structures we develop a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on a rigorous diffraction model to design highly innovative optically thick synthetic diffractive structures. The cost-effective fabrication of such proposed fully 3Dmicro- and nano-photonics structures is highly challenging when using current traditional lithographic techniques which are generally limited, in practice, to the fabrication of 2D or 2.5D structures. To this end, an advanced prototype massively parallelized two-photon polymerization (2PP) photoplotter for the fabrication of large area fully 3D photonic structures is currently being developed by the IMT Atlantique Optics Department. We present our contributions to the design and development of the critical, high uniformity illumination modules for the new prototype 2PP photoplotter. The research and development in this thesis contributes to the broadening of DOE applications to fields which are currently inaccessible. The developed design methods can also find applications in holographic display fields such as automotive augmented reality
Schwartz, Cédric. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un espace commun de représentation pour l'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du membre supérieur : application à l'articulation glénohumérale." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2016.
Full textCiullo, Vito. "Measurements of wildland fires by drone." Thesis, Corte, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CORT0005.
Full textThis thesis presents the measurement of geometrical characteristics of spreading vegetation fires with a multimodal stereovision system carried by an Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle.From visible and infrared stereoscopic images, 3D fire points are computed and fire geometrical characteristics like position on the ground, rate of spread, height, length, width, flame tilt angle and surface are estimated.The first important contribution of this thesis is the development of a multimodal stereovision portable drone system. This device integrates cameras working in the visible and infrared domains, a Raspberry Pi computer, electric batteries, GPS receptors and an Inertial Measurement Unit. It allows to obtain georeferenced stereoscopic multimodal images.The second important contribution of this thesis is the method for the estimation of the fire geometrical characteristics from aerial stereoscopic images.The geometrical characteristics estimation framework have been evaluated on a car of known dimensions and the results obtained confirm the good accuracy of the device. It was also successfully tested on an outdoor non propagating fire. The results obtained from vegetation fires propagating on terrain with slope changes are presented in detail
Halawana, Hachem. "Dématriçage partiel d’images CFA pour la mise en correspondance stéréoscopique couleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10149/document.
Full textMost color stereovision setups include single-sensor cameras which provide Color Filter Array (CFA) images. In those images, a single color component is sampled at each pixel rather than the three required ones (R,G,B). We show that standard demosaicing techniques, used to determine the two missing color components, are not well adapted when the resulting color pixels are compared for estimating the disparity map. In order to avoid this problem while exploiting color information, we propose a partial demosaicing designed for dense stereovision based on pairs of Bayer CFA images. Finally, experimental results obtained with benchmark stereo image pairs show that stereo matching applied to partially demosaiced images outperforms stereo matching applied to standard demosaiced images
Ardouin, Jérôme. "Contribution to the study of visualization of real and virtual environments with an extended field-of-view." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0024/document.
Full textWho have never wanted to have eyes in the back of his head? This doctoral thesis proposes to study the extension of the human field-of-view (FoV) in both real and virtual environments. First we have designed FlyVIZ, a new device to increase the human FoV. It is composed of a helmet, combining a catadioptric camera, a HMD and an image processing algorithm. Wearing this device allows a user to experience 360° vision of its surroundings. The prototype is demonstrated through scenarii such as grasping an object held out behind their back without turning their head or walking backward through doorways. Then we have proposed a novel method to render virtual environments with wide FoV in real-time. To solve the rendering issue induced by usage of non-planar projections, we introduce a special stage in real-time rendering pipeline. Our method was then adapted for real-time stereoscopic rendering with 360° FoV. We have conducted a preliminary evaluation of real-time wide FoV rendering for a navigation task in virtual reality. Our results confirm that using a wide FoV rendering method could lead to more efficient navigation in terms of average task completion time. Among the different tested non-planar projection methods, the subjective preference is given to equirectangular and Hammer projections. We also address the problem of frame cancellation, generated by the conflict between two depth cues: stereo disparity and occlusion with the screen border. We have proposed the Stereoscopy Compatible Volume Clipping (SCVC), solving the problem by rendering only the part of the viewing volume free of disparity - frame occlusion conflict. The method was evaluated and results have shown that SCVC notably improved users’ depth perception and that the users expressed preference for SCVC. Wide FoV opens novel perspectives for environments exploration or monitoring. Therefore, it could benefit to several applications, both in real world context or virtual environments. In safety and security applications, firemen, policemen or soldiers could take advantage of wide FoV. Performance of searching task and fast exploration in virtual environments could also be improved with wide FoV
Joubert, Eric. "Reconstruction de surfaces en trois dimensions par analyse de la polarisation de la lumière réfléchie par les objets de la scène." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES052.
Full textLimkhaitir, Mohamed Mahmoud. "Modélisation des formes volumiques à partir d'images tomographiques 3D : application à la Caractérisation de l'espace poral du sol." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066556.
Full textIn this thesis we present a primary representation for complex 3D volume shape. We de fine a 3D volume shape by a set of voxels derived from a computed tomography volume image. In a theoretical point of view, this set of voxels defi nes its indicatrix function. The basic idea is to look for a compact, stable and robust piece wise analytic approximation of the shape which conserves its topological and geometrical properties. We propose to describe a volume shape by a minimal number of balls included within the shape and recovering the shape skeleton. We show that it is equivalent to find out a (fi nite) minimal set of "maximal balls" recovering the skeleton. In the case where the absolute values of the principal curvatures of the shape envelope are bounded above we prove that such a finite set does exist. Indeed, our new shape representation provides an optimal description of the shape cavities. We propose an algorithm based on Delaunay 3D triangulation to compute the MISS of a volume shape described by a set of voxels. Afterwards, this representation can be used to approximate the shape using more sophisticated primitives like cylinders, cones, generalized cylinders. We propose algorithms to provide optimal cylinders and cones from ball network. The final result is an intrinsic and robust description of the initial shape using both balls, cylinders, cones. This scheme can be extended by using also curved cylinders and curved cones. Finally, we apply our algorithm to 3D volume Computed Tomography soil data in order to provide intrinsic and robust geometrical description of pore space to be used for biological dynamics simulation and modeling
Wang, Fan. "Imagerie nanométrique 2D et 3D ultrarapide par diffraction cohérente." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112226/document.
Full textCoherent diffraction is an amazing art by its experimental simplicity: a coherent XUV source illuminates a single, isolated sample, and the diffraction pattern of the object is recorded by a CCD camera. An inversion of the diffraction pattern to an image in real space is possible through an approach based on iterative algorithms. The techniques for Fourier transform holography, for which reference is placed near the object to be imaged, allow the direct reconstruction of the image, even when the quality of the experimental data is worse. We have a laboratory sufficiently intense compact XUV source for this type of experience. The ultrashort XUV pulses (from femtosecond to attosecond) are produced by selecting high order harmonics of a femtosecond infrared laser which is focused into a cell of rare gas. We recently demonstrated the feasibility of using this source for coherent diffraction imaging with a spatial resolution of 78 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrated experimentally a holographic technique with extended reference and obtained a resolution of 110 nm in single shot (i.e. an integration time of 20 femtoseconds). A perception of an object in three dimensions gives us a better understanding thereof. A nanoscale 3D imaging techniques are from tomographic techniques of electron microscopy. However, many shots required (from different angles) make these techniques obsolete during the study time-resolved irreversible phenomena on non-reproducible samples. In this context, the aim of my thesis is to extend the 2D imaging techniques for 3D perception of nanoscale (physical, biological ) objects, while preserving the ultrafast appearance. The development of a new technology of 3D coherent imaging in single view, named ‘ankylography’, proposed by Professor Miao J. UCLA [Raines et al., Nature 2010] was made in progress. This technique allows reconstructing a 3D image of the sample after a single diffraction image. Its basic principle is to find the depth of a 3D object by the longitudinal constructive interference. However, this technique is more requested in both the quality of experimental data and the computer hardware and analysis. The other idea for 3D imaging is to imitate human vision using two coherent beams X arriving simultaneously on the sample but with a small angle. In this scheme, we use references near the target object (i.e. holography) to improve the signal to noise ratio in the diffraction pattern (hologram). Two holograms are then collected on the same detector. The inverse Fourier of each hologram forms two images from different views of the object. Parallax is thus produced. The stereo reconstruction of the object is performed by computer. Finally, the demonstration of applications will be considered after my thesis. This imaging of biological objects (such as nanoplanktons already collected and prepared CEA). And we are also interested in the study of 3D nanoscale objects (azo-polymers) movement on ultrashort time. Furthermore, another important application will be to study the ultra-fast phase transition such as nano-magnetic field where demagnetization phenomena induced by femtosecond pulse occurs
Soriano, Ilaria. "Bandes de déformation localisée dans les sables faiblement cimentés : l'exemple de Bédoin (Sud de la France)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI047.
Full textAn attempt to study the role of heterogeneities in the occurrence of deformation bands in weakly cemented sands was performed. Depositional structures and later deformation processes were considered as heterogeneities. In artificially cemented samples, they were observed to induce localised deformation across them, but this behaviour was not analysed in natural sands due to the complexity of extracting them from the field without altering their structure.The investigation was performed by using weakly clay-cemented sands from Bédoin (Southern France), whose outcrops are cross-cut by deformation bands. Small chunks of undisturbed cemented sand and of deformation bands were used to prepare polished thin sections, whereas large blocks of material were collected with an innovative field sampler and carried to the laboratory to extract intact samples for mechanical testing.From image analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy of the thin sections, syntaxial quartz overgrowths were found everywhere, in increasing quantity from undisturbed and dilation band, to single-strand, multi-strand, and finally cluster. The observation of quartz overgrowths and of kaolinite illitization, inside and outside deformation bands, has led to extend the maximum burial depth estimated for the Bédoin outcrops to 2 – 3 km.From the mechanical tests performed with syn-deformation X-ray Computed Tomography, it emerged that depositional layers developed a low degree of shear (at about 0.5 – 1 MPa of confining pressure). However, localised deformation was more affected by other types of heterogeneities: on one hand, a region of enhanced porosity triggered the formation of a shear band across the enhanced pore; on the other hand, an elongated pore surrounded by thick clay cement layer moved the localised deformation far from the pore, instead of triggering it close by. Similarly, a pre-existing dilation band did not attract further localised deformation, but it only partially reactivated showing further dilation with shear.In parallel with tests on natural material, tests on artificially cemented and uncemented sands were performed under the same conditions applied to the natural ones. The cemented samples were composed of the same Bédoin sand cemented with two different clay contents (15% and 20%) fabricated with an innovative cementation procedure and without replicating the heterogeneities observed in the natural material. Natural samples showed earlier, fewer, and sharper bands than the artificially cemented ones, which developed broader networks of shear bands in the samples. The difference in mechanical behaviour is attributed to the heterogeneities, which revealed high mechanical resistance since none of them – region of enhanced porosity, elongated pore, pre-existing dilation band - collapsed under compression. In artificially prepared samples, the cement content was proportional to the sample resistance, but this was reported always lower than the natural samples resistance.X-ray Computed Tomography was also performed on some deformation band samples, in order to calculate porosity and permeability through image processing. Porosity reported a reduction from an average of 30% in undisturbed sands to values lower than 10% in single-strand bands and closer to zero in multi-strand bands. Porosity in the dilation band core was similar to that of undisturbed sands, but it reported contours with half value (about 15%). Permeability was reported to reduce of 3 – 4 orders of magnitude from undisturbed sands to single- and multi-strand bands, whereas the dilation band was one order of magnitude lower than the undisturbed sand.The role of heterogeneities was demonstrated to be not always influent on the localised deformation in the cemented sands of Bédoin. In the absence of heterogeneities, less intense and a more distributed strain localisation would be promoted, e.g., in the form of network of bands
Lasserre, Patricia. "Vision pour la robotique en environnement naturel." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139846.
Full textBuchholz, Bert. "Abstraction et traitement de masses de données 3D animées." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00958339.
Full textDelingette, Hervé. "Modélisation, déformation et reconnaissance d'objets tridimensionnels à l'aide de maillages simplexes." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632191.
Full textOkubadejo, Olumide. "Détection et suivi de grains se fracturant en images tomographiques 3D+T." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI053/document.
Full textGrain breakage in granular materials has been relatively, difficult to compute and characterise in tomography images. This is based on the perceived complexity of an algorithmic formulation for the characterisation of grains that move and break.In this thesis, we highlight computational approaches that augment the understanding of breakage and crushing phenomena in granular materials. Due to the inter-connectedness of segmentation accuracy and ability to compute for breakage, we start by examining noise removal techniques in granular materials. Noise removal techniques are analysed based on a set of materials to which they applied. Secondly, we deviate from a morphological watershed approach to segmentation of geomaterials, to a hierarchical approach that better captures apriori information from data sources. The ways by which context or image specific segmentation can be achieved is iterated. Thirdly, we present a model for capturing breakage in static images; without the consideration of motion. Finally, we present spatiotemporal models that track the evolution of breakage in images of granular materials
Gales, Guillaume. "Mise en correspondance de pixels pour la stéréovision binoculaire par propagation d'appariements de points d'intérêt et sondage de régions." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622859.
Full textLefebvre, Sébastien. "Approche monodimensionnelle de la mise en correspondance stéréoscopique par corrélation - Application à la détection d'obstacles routiers." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543976.
Full textOrlandi, Oriana. "La compréhension des images tactiles chez les enfants porteurs d'un handicap visuel." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL006/document.
Full textThe present PhD aims at understanding how Visual Impaired (VI) children process the tactile pictures that illustrate the tactile books specially designed for them. Our work is organized around two main axes of analysis. The first axis concentrates on the child who explores the tactile images, while the second axis focuses on the impact that the properties of these images can have on children’s haptic processing. Our researches included children presenting various degrees of visual impairment but without any associated disorders (in particular, without any cognitive delay), distinguishing early blind children from children with low vision. We also compared their performance with those of sighted children of similar ages. The results showed that children’s perceptive experience, varying according to their degree of visual handicap, strongly impacted their understanding of the tactually explored pictures. Their capacities of conceptualization (access to the perceptive and semantic dimensions of the pictures) were different, just like their movements of exploration carried out to attain a good understanding of the images. We also showed that some properties of the children’s explorations (duration, quantity of exploration, space apprehension) were directly related to the way the children interpreted what was represented in the pictures. Again, these spatiotemporal features varied as a function of the degree of visual handicap. From a fundamental point of view, we provided interesting information concerning the specificities of the haptic perceptive system of the VI children. From an applied point of view, our work enabled to elaborate practical instructions relative to the design of tactile albums and educational advices concerning the education of touch to be proposed to these children