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Journal articles on the topic 'Step-Like topography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Tenreiro, M., L. Zavala Sansón, and G. J. F. van Heijst. "Interaction of dipolar vortices with a step-like topography." Physics of Fluids 18, no. 5 (2006): 056603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2204070.

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2

Alter, U., J. Härtwig, and J. Kuběna. "Plane wave topography on crystals with step-like impurity distributions." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 35, no. 2 (1985): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01595627.

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3

White, Andrew J., and N. Robb McDonald. "The Motion of a Point Vortex near Large-Amplitude Topography in a Two-Layer Fluid." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 12 (2004): 2808–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2658.1.

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Abstract This work examines the dynamics of point vortices in a two-layer fluid near large-amplitude, sharply varying topography like that which occurs in continental shelf regions. Topography takes the form of an infinitely long step change in depth, and the two-layer stratification is chosen such that the height of topography in the upper layer is a small fraction of the overall depth, enabling quasigeostrophic theory to be used in both layers. An analytic expression for the dispersion relation of free topographic waves in this system is found. Weak vortices are studied using linear theory a

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Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, and Melvin E. Stern. "Maintenance of continental boundary-layer shear through counter-gradient vorticity flux in a barotropic model." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 271 (July 25, 1994): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094001680.

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The use of a classical eddy parametrization in the analysis of continental boundary currents leads to the diffusion of momentum and relative vorticity and fails to recognize that the relevant eddies are dominated by the conservation of potential vorticity, which in turn may produce an increase in the mean relative vorticity. To illustrate this effect, we examine a non-inflected barotropic shear flow destabilized by the cross-steam variation in the bottom topògraphy of a continental slope. The finiteamplitude evolution of the waves is analysed in a simple model with a step-like bottom topograph

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Xiong, Qi, Xiangyi Liu, Yanxin Li, Lingran Xi, and Shuang Qiu. "Analysis of the Influence of Complex Terrain around DC Transmission Grounding Electrodes on Step Voltage." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020420.

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The distribution of renewable energy sources is geographically limited. In the process of long-distance transmission, the direct current flowing from a ground electrode into the ground will cause a higher step voltage, which will bring serious security risks to the surrounding industry and life. Accurate calculation of the complex soil electrical model around the grounding electrode is crucial for site selection. Existing simulation software like CDEGS results in significant errors, particularly in complex karst topography. Therefore, constructing a finite element model that accurately reflect

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Pan, Jiasuo, Ning Zhang, Denghui Dai, Haijun Lu, Yu Zhang, and Yufeng Gao. "Analytical solution to the scattering of SH waves by a step-like slope topography." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 197 (October 2025): 109557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109557.

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7

Sasaki, Masayuki, Kentaro Tamura, Hideki Sako, Makoto Kitabatake, Kazutoshi Kojima, and Hirohumi Matsuhata. "Analysis on Generation of Localized Step-Bunchings on 4H-SiC(0001)Si Face by Synchrotron X-Ray Topography." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.398.

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Surface roughening regions running like scratches are often observed locally after epitaxy film grown on a very flat 4H-SiC wafer surfaces. We investigated generation mechanism of such roughening surface by using X-ray topography and confocal optical microscopy. We found that lattice defects were often introduced during CMP at local regions, and those local regions cannot be recognized by optical microscopy, since very flat surface can be observed. By H2 etching which is preprocess of epitaxy film growth, those lattice defects are almost etched off, but local rough surface consists of pits and

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Göktepe, Fatih, and Kubilay Coşkun. "Analysis of seismic ground response and soil-structure interaction on step-like topography due to rock-outcrop motions." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 188 (January 2025): 109039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109039.

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Scholle, Markus, Philip H. Gaskell, and Florian Marner. "A Potential Field Description for Gravity-Driven Film Flow over Piece-Wise Planar Topography." Fluids 4, no. 2 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4020082.

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Models based on a potential field description and corresponding first integral formulation, embodying a reduction of the associated dynamic boundary condition at a free surface to one of a standard Dirichlet-Neumann type, are used to explore the problem of continuous gravity-driven film flow down an inclined piece-wise planar substrate in the absence of inertia. Numerical solutions of the first integral equations are compared with analytical ones from a linearised form of a reduced equation set resulting from application of the long-wave approximation. The results obtained are shown to: (i) be

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Negrescu, Andreea Mariana, Simona Nistorescu, Anca Florina Bonciu, et al. "Macrophage Immunomodulation and Suppression of Bacterial Growth by Polydimethylsiloxane Surface-Interrupted Microlines’ Topography Targeting Breast Implant Applications." Polymers 16, no. 21 (2024): 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16213046.

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Since breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women, silicone mammary implants have been extensively employed in numerous breast reconstruction procedures. However, despite the crucial role they play, their interaction with the host’s immune system and microbiome is poorly understood. Considering this, the present work investigates the immunomodulatory and bacterial mitigation potential of six textured surfaces, based on linear step-like features with various regular and irregular multiscaled arrangements, in comparison to a flat PDMS surface. We hypothesise that the chosen

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Yokoi, Toshiaki. "Numerical study on the generation of downgoing S‐waves by a vertical force acting close to a step‐like topography." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 1 (1996): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443939.

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I present detailed numerical experiments on a recently proposed S‐wave generation method and show the excitation characteristics of the downgoing S‐wave caused by a vertical impact acting close to a step‐like topography. The geophysicists’ group of Akita University recently studied and confirmed this phenomenon by in‐situ measurements and named it the “pit effect.” The numerical simulation is performed in 2-D space by the indirect boundary‐element method using the Green’s function for a homogeneous unbounded medium. The results show that the pit effect is a practical S‐wave generator vertical

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12

Falcone, Gaetano, Gaetano Elia, and Annamaria di Lernia. "Investigating the Influence of a Pre-Existing Shear Band on the Seismic Response of Ideal Step-like Slopes Subjected to Weak Motions: Preliminary Results." Geosciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13050148.

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The assessment of slope susceptibility to seismically-induced displacements receives wide attention in the geotechnical earthquake engineering field, but the alteration of the seismic wave inside the slope and at the ground surface due to the presence of a shear band confining a quiescent landslide body is rarely investigated. This paper describes the preliminary results of the numerical analysis of two step-like FE models, reproducing a gentle slope and steep cutting subjected to weak earthquakes, thus focusing on seismic wave amplification processes only. The results show that the higher the

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Raffaini, Giuseppina. "Surface Chemistry, Crystal Structure, Size and Topography Role in the Albumin Adsorption Process on TiO2 Anatase Crystallographic Faces and Its 3D-Nanocrystal: A Molecular Dynamics Study." Coatings 11, no. 4 (2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040420.

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TiO2 is widely used in biomaterial implants. The topography, chemical and structural properties of titania surfaces are an important aspect to study. The size of TiO2 nanoparticles synthetized by sol–gel method can influence the responses in the biological environment, and by using appropriate heat treatments different contents of different polymorphs can be formed. Protein adsorption is a crucial step for the biological responses, involving, in particular, albumin, the most abundant blood protein. In this theoretical work, using molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the adsorpti

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Lin, Chunhui, Shiyang Tang, Linrang Zhang, and Ping Guo. "Focusing High-Resolution Airborne SAR with Topography Variations Using an Extended BPA Based on a Time/Frequency Rotation Principle." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (2018): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081275.

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With the increasing requirement for resolution, the negligence of topography variations causes serious phase errors, which leads to the degradation of the focusing quality of the synthetic aperture (SAR) imagery, and geometric distortion. Hence, a precise and fast algorithm is necessary for high-resolution airborne SAR. In this paper, an extended back-projection (EBP) algorithm is proposed to compensate the phase errors caused by topography variations. Three-dimensional (3D) variation will be processed in the time-domain for high-resolution airborne SAR. Firstly, the quadratic phase error (QPE

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Sasaki, Masayuki, Kentaro Tamura, Hirotaka Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Matsuhata, Kazutoshi Kojima, and Makoto Kitabatake. "Observation of Damaged Layers in 4H-SiC Substrates by Mirror Projection Electron Microscope." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.285.

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Surface defects with scratch-like appearances are often observed locally on 4H-SiC wafers after epitaxial growth. We evaluated such damaged layer which is the cause of local step bunching using Mirror Projection Microscope (MPJ). As a result, MPJ can be detected l damaged layer which could not be detected using Synchrotron X-ray topography, even if these defects are extremely flat surface, no morphology, damaged layer is used to exist on the subsurface region. Thus, MPJ can be detected dislocation loops on the subsurface region of damage, it is effective to elucidate damaged layer of polishing

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Major, R., K. Maksymow, J. Marczak, J. M. Lackner, M. Kot, and B. Major. "Migration channels produced by laser ablation for substrate endothelialization." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 2 (2012): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0045-2.

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Abstract. Seeding of cells on functional, biocompatible scaffolds is a crucial step in achievement the desired engineered tissue. In the present study, a pulsed laser modification onto inorganic substrate was made to promote endothelium cells migration and spread. Presented scaffolds were fabricated on carbon and titanium based coatings. Fabricated films provided very good mechanical properties together with a chemical stability preservation. The substrate modification consisted of grid-like template fabrication of micrometer size meshes. The microstructure analysis of laser traces revealed th

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Unnithan, S. L. Kesav, Basudev Biswal, Wendy Sharples, Christoph Rüdiger, Katayoon Bahramian, and Jiawei Hou. "Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment." Geosciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13030067.

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Rainfall runoff and topography are among the major factors controlling the accuracy of modelled riverine inundation extents. We have evaluated the sensitivity of both these variables on a novel 1-D conceptual flood inundation model employing Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) thresholds within sub-catchment units called Reach Contributing Area (RCA). We examined the March 2021 flood extent over the Hawkesbury–Nepean Valley (HNV) with 0.05′ gridded runoff derived from the Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) modelling framework. HAND thresholds were enforced within each RCA using rati

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18

XUE, M. Q., G. H. NI, A. X. PAN, and J. XU. "2D/2D HETEROSTRUCTURE OF FLOWER-LIKE MoS2 NANOSPHERES ANCHORED ON g-C3N4 NANOSHEETS FOR REDUCING FRICTION AND WEAR." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 2 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2021.182.91.

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Novel 2D/2D structural nanocomposites of g-C3N4/MoS2 with high tribological properties was fabricated through a facile one-step process. The tribological properties of the as-prepared g-C3N4/MoS2 as additives in the HVI500 base oil are evaluated by an UMT-2 multi-specimen tribo-tester and the topography of worn scars was obtained using a common SEM,which indicates the minimal friction coefficient (~0.10) and wear rate (3.86×10-5 mm3 /Nm) and demonstrate the accentuating improvement in reducing-friction and anti-wear properties. The enhanced tribological performance of base oil can be ascribed

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19

Yee, Andrew L., H. C. Ong, L. M. Stewart, and R. P. H. Chang. "Development of flat, smooth (100) faceted diamond thin films using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 7 (1997): 1796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0248.

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A novel approach has been used to develop (100) faceted diamond films with flat, smooth surfaces. A morphological study of the early stages of growth behavior of (100) homoepitaxial films versus process temperature and methane percentage was carried out using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that spiral growth features and penetration twin density were dominant for growth conditions not well suited for (100) growth. Optimized process parameters were found to proceed via a step mechanism consistent with ledge growth on (2 × 1) reconstructed (100) diamond surfaces. These optimized con

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Cooperrider, Kensy, James Slotta, and Rafael Núñez. "The ups and downs of space and time: topography in Yupno language, culture, and cognition." Language and Cognition 14, no. 1 (2022): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2021.25.

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AbstractMuch prior research has investigated how humans understand time using body-based contrasts like front/back and left/right. It has recently come to light, however, that some communities instead understand time using environment-based contrasts. Here, we present the richest portrait yet of one such case: the topographic system used by the Yupno of Papua New Guinea, in which the past is construed as downhill and the future as uphill. We first survey topographic concepts in Yupno language and culture, showing how they constitute a privileged resource for communicating about space. Next, we

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Nagabathula, Sunanda, and Srinivasa Rao Yammani. "Application of accuracy improvement algorithms for extraction of topographic information and drainage network from DEM using GIS." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series, no. 26 (June 3, 2024): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgeo-2024-0003.

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The extraction of drainage network and watershed information is prerequisite for the study of watershed characteristics like morphometric analysis, which provides a basis for hydrological planning and modeling. The advanced tools of algorithms, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and Geographical Information System (GIS) software are used to extract drainage networks and their watershed boundaries. These tools are complicated to use or produce more errors in the extraction of elevation and drainage networks when applied to flat areas. For removal of erro

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22

del Río, María S., Lluís Raventós, and Valentina Garza. "Zoning of the Querétaro wine region." BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236801029.

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Understanding the unique characteristics of wine regions, especially those that are developing or expanding like Querétaro, requires a key element known as terroir. In this regard, we have conducted a survey of 69 vineyards in the state, covering a total area of 525 hectares. Additionally, we have studied the composition and texture of the soils, analysed rainfall patterns over a span of 23 years, examined the topography and watershed basins, and compared common climate indices with those of other regions in Europe and the USA, such as Winkler, Huglin, Grown Season Temperature, and Cold Indice

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23

Li, Hongbo, Tao Chen, Wenbo Bie, Fan Chen, Yuhao Suo, and Zhenyan Duan. "Multi-Step Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding of Silicon Carbide: An Experimental Study on Surface Topography and Roughness." Micromachines 15, no. 7 (2024): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15070915.

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Two-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted grinding (2D-UAG) has exhibited advantages in improving the machining quality of hard and brittle materials. However, the grinding mechanism in this process has not been thoroughly revealed due to the complicated material removal behaviors. In this study, multi-step 2D-UAG experiments of silicon carbide are conducted to investigate the effects of machining parameters on surface quality. The experimental results demonstrate that the tool amplitude and the workpiece amplitude have similar effects on surface roughness. In the rough grinding stage, the surface r

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Kabraji, Sheheryar Kairas, Giorgio Gaglia, Danae Argyropoulou, et al. "Temporal and spatial topography of cell proliferation in cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3122.

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3122 Background: Tumors are complex ecosystems where exogenous and endogenous cues are integrated to either stimulate or inhibit cancer cell proliferation. However, the nature of these complex cell cycle states, their spatial organization, response to perturbation, and implications for clinical outcomes, are poorly characterized in tumor tissues. Methods: We used multiplexed tissue imaging to develop a robust classifier of proliferation, the multivariate proliferation index (MPI), using 513 unique tumors across five cancer types. Next, we used dimensionality reduction analysis to assess how th

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Zieger, S., J. Vinoth, and I. R. Young. "Joint Calibration of Multiplatform Altimeter Measurements of Wind Speed and Wave Height over the Past 20 Years." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 12 (2009): 2549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1303.1.

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Abstract Since 1985, for a period of more than 23 yr, seven altimeter missions have provided global coverage of significant wave height and wind speed. This study undertakes a long-term analysis of the accuracy and stability of altimeter-derived values of significant wave height and wind speed from the following satellites: European Remote Sensing-1 (ERS-1), ERS-2, Environmental Satellite (Envisat), Geosat, Geosat Follow-On (GFO), Jason-1, and the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX). This study is a necessary step in developing a quality-controlled and fully calibrated and validated dataset fr

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Moskal, Grzegorz, Lucjan Swadźba, Wacław Supernak, et al. "Microstructural Characterization of Silicide Coatings on Mo and TZM Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.164.

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Characterization of microstructure of silicide coatings obtained during diffusion process of pack cementation type was showed in this article. The basic materials were pure Mo sheet and TZM molybdenum alloys as well. The coatings were deposited in out of pack process with three different times of exposure. The temperature of deposition process was constant. In first step the phases compositions of coatings was described by XRD analysis. In each cases the MoSi2 phase was obtained on top surface of the coatings. The morphology of the coatings was very similar as well. All types of coatings were

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Ellinger, Andreas, Christian Woerner, and Raimar Scherer. "Automatic Segmentation of Bulk Material Heaps Using Color, Texture, and Topography from Aerial Data and Deep Learning-Based Computer Vision." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010211.

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This article proposes a novel approach to segment instances of bulk material heaps in aerial data using deep learning-based computer vision and transfer learning to automate material inventory procedures in the construction-, mining-, and material-handling industry. The proposed method uses information about color, texture, and surface topography as input features for a supervised computer vision algorithm. The approach neither relies on hand-crafted assumptions on the general shape of heaps, nor does it solely rely on surface material type recognition. Therefore, the method is able to (1) seg

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Colombo, Pedro, Bernard Barnier, Thierry Penduff, et al. "Representation of the Denmark Strait overflow in a <i>z</i>-coordinate eddying configuration of the NEMO (v3.6) ocean model: resolution and parameter impacts." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 7 (2020): 3347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3347-2020.

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Abstract. We investigate in this paper the sensitivity of the representation of the Denmark Strait overflow produced by a regional z-coordinate configuration of NEMO (version 3.6) to the horizontal and vertical grid resolutions and to various numerical and physical parameters. Three different horizontal resolutions, 1∕12, 1∕36, and 1/60∘, are respectively used with 46, 75, 150, and 300 vertical levels. In the given numerical set-up, the increase in the vertical resolution did not bring improvement at eddy-permitting resolution (1/12∘). We find a greater dilution of the overflow as the number o

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Mazina, Ainur, Dinara Syzdykova, Ainur Myrzhykbayeva, Gulnur Raikhanova, and Aliya Nurgaliyeva. "Impact of Green Fiscal Policy on Investment Efficiency of Renewable Energy Enterprises in Kazakhstan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (2022): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13437.

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Years of industrialization and reliance on energies such as oil and coal have resulted in global pollution on an unprecedented scale. Carbon footprint, destruction of forests, melting away of ice caps in the North Pole, and climate change have persuaded many to adopt a more sustainable growth. In the wake of this catastrophe, “green” energy is a phenomenon that takes a step toward sustained development. Green energy consists of innovative and cost-effective ways to address the global consciousness by switching to renewable energy, water resources management, waste reduction, etc. Green Fiscal

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Song, Chao, Tariq Alkhalifah, and Umair Bin Waheed. "A versatile framework to solve the Helmholtz equation using physics-informed neural networks." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 3 (2021): 1750–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab434.

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SUMMARY Solving the wave equation to obtain wavefield solutions is an essential step in illuminating the subsurface using seismic imaging and waveform inversion methods. Here, we utilize a recently introduced machine-learning based framework called physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve the frequency-domain wave equation, which is also referred to as the Helmholtz equation, for isotropic and anisotropic media. Like functions, PINNs are formed by using a fully connected neural network (NN) to provide the wavefield solution at spatial points in the domain of interest, in which the coo

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Salka, Nabeel, and John A. Grant. "Contralateral Lateral Femoral Condyle Allografts Provide an Acceptable Surface Match for Simulated Classic Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Medial Femoral Condyle." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00136.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether contralateral lateral femoral condyle (LFC) allografts can provide an acceptable surface topography match for classic osteochondritis dessicans (OCD) lesions of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Achievement of an acceptable donor-recipient articular surface match (1 mm deviation) has been associated with physiological joint stresses and predictably positive clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that LFC and MFC allografts would show no differences in step-off height or surface deviation in all four quadrants of the graft. Methods:

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Mandlburger, G., C. Hauer, B. Höfle, H. Habersack, and N. Pfeifer. "Optimisation of LiDAR derived terrain models for river flow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 6 (2008): 3605–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-3605-2008.

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Abstract. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) combines cost efficiency, high degree of automation, high point density of typically 1–10 points per m2 and height accuracy of better than ±15 cm. For all these reasons LiDAR is particularly suitable for deriving precise Digital Terrain Models (DTM) as geometric basis for hydrodynamic-numerical (HN) simulations. The application of LiDAR for river flow modelling requires a series of preprocessing steps. Terrain points have to be filtered and merged with river bed data, e.g. from echo sounding. Then, a smooth Digital Terrain Model of the Wat

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Mandlburger, G., C. Hauer, B. Höfle, H. Habersack, and N. Pfeifer. "Optimisation of LiDAR derived terrain models for river flow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (2009): 1453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1453-2009.

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Abstract. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) combines cost efficiency, high degree of automation, high point density of typically 1–10 points per m2 and height accuracy of better than ±15 cm. For all these reasons LiDAR is particularly suitable for deriving precise Digital Terrain Models (DTM) as geometric basis for hydrodynamic-numerical (HN) simulations. The application of LiDAR for river flow modelling requires a series of preprocessing steps. Terrain points have to be filtered and merged with river bed data, e.g. from echo sounding. Then, a smooth Digital Terrain Model of the Wat

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Ogura, Naotaka, Michael B. Berger, Pavan Srivas, et al. "Tailoring of TiAl6V4 Surface Nanostructure for Enhanced In Vitro Osteoblast Response via Gas/Solid (Non-Line-of-Sight) Oxidation/Reduction Reactions." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030117.

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An aging global population is accelerating the need for better, longer-lasting orthopaedic and dental implants. Additive manufacturing can provide patient-specific, titanium-alloy-based implants with tailored, three-dimensional, bone-like architecture. Studies using two-dimensional substrates have demonstrated that osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) is enhanced on surfaces possessing hierarchical macro/micro/nano-scale roughness that mimics the topography of osteoclast resorption pits on the bone surface. Conventional machined implants with these surfaces exhibit

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Agrawal, Animesh, Bae Hoon Lee, Scott A. Irvine, et al. "Smooth Muscle Cell Alignment and Phenotype Control by Melt Spun Polycaprolactone Fibers for Seeding of Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels." International Journal of Biomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/434876.

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A method has been developed to induce and retain a contractile phenotype for vascular smooth muscle cells, as the first step towards the development of a biomimetic blood vessel construct with minimal compliance mismatch. Melt spun PCL fibers were deposited on a mandrel to form aligned fibers of 10 μm in diameter. The fibers were bonded into aligned arrangement through dip coating in chitosan solution. This formed a surface of parallel grooves, 10 μm deep by 10 μm across, presenting a surface layer of chitosan to promote cell surface interactions. The aligned fiber surface was used to culture

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Chunglok, Aoythip, Nantakan Muensit, and Chalongrat Daengngam. "Extreme Wetting-Resistant Multiscale Nano-/Microstructured Surfaces for Viscoelastic Liquid Repellence." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9510156.

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We demonstrate exceptional wetting-resistant surfaces capable of repelling low surface tension, non-Newtonian, and highly viscoelastic liquids. Theoretical analysis and experimental result confirm that a higher level of multiscale roughness topography composed of at least three structural length scales, ranging from nanometer to supermicron sizes, is crucial for the reduction of liquid-solid adhesion hysteresis. With Cassie-Baxter nonwetting state satisfied at all roughness length scales, the surface has been proven to effectively repel even highly adhesive liquid. Practically, this high-level

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Li, Yinan, Markus Kästner, and Eduard Reithmeier. "Optimization of the GPU-based data evaluation for the low coherence interferometry." tm - Technisches Messen 85, no. 11 (2018): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0091.

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Abstract Optical interferometers as non-contact measurement devices are very desirable for the measurement of surface roughness and topography. Compared to phase shifting interferometers (PSIs) with a limited measurement range and a scan step of maximum λ/4, the optical interferometers like low coherence interferometers (LCIs) evaluating the degree of fringe coherence allow a larger vertical measurement range. Their vertical measurement range is only limited by the scan length allowed by the linear piezo stage and the coherence length of the light source. To evaluate the obtained data for a la

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Pothineni, Bhanu K., Sabrina Kollmann, Xinyang Li, Guido Grundmeier, Denise J. Erb, and Adrian Keller. "Adsorption of Ferritin at Nanofaceted Al2O3 Surfaces." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612808.

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The influence of nanoscale surface topography on protein adsorption is highly important for numerous applications in medicine and technology. Herein, ferritin adsorption at flat and nanofaceted, single-crystalline Al2O3 surfaces is investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanofaceted surfaces are generated by the thermal annealing of Al2O3 wafers at temperatures above 1000 °C, which leads to the formation of faceted saw-tooth-like surface topographies with periodicities of about 160 nm and amplitudes of about 15 nm. Ferritin adsorption at these nanof

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Carriço, Nelson, Diogo Felícissimo, André Antunes, and Paulo Brito da Luz. "Simulating Water Application Efficiency in Pressurized Irrigation Systems: A Computational Approach." Water 17, no. 8 (2025): 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081217.

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The agricultural sector faces growing environmental and societal pressures to balance natural resource use with food security, particularly within the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems Nexus (WEFE). Increasing water demand, competition, and challenges like droughts and desertification are driving the need for innovative irrigation practices. Pressurized irrigation systems, such as sprinkler and micro-irrigation, are gaining prominence due to their automation, labor savings, and increased water application efficiency. To support farmers in designing and managing these systems, the R&D project AG

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Mcintyre, N. F. "The Dynamics of Ice-Sheet Outlets." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000006328.

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AbstractA comparison of data from aircraft altimetry, Landsat imagery, and radia echo-sounding has shown characteristic surface topographies associated with sheet and stream flow. The transition between the two is abrupt and occurs at a step in the subglacial topography. This marks the onset of basal sliding and high velocities caused by subglacial water; it results in crevassed amphitheatre-like basins round the head of outlet glaciers. It is also the zone of maximum driving stress beyond which values decline rapidly as velocities increase. This abrupt transition appears to be topographically

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Mcintyre, N. F. "The Dynamics of Ice-Sheet Outlets." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000006328.

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AbstractA comparison of data from aircraft altimetry, Landsat imagery, and radia echo-sounding has shown characteristic surface topographies associated with sheet and stream flow. The transition between the two is abrupt and occurs at a step in the subglacial topography. This marks the onset of basal sliding and high velocities caused by subglacial water; it results in crevassed amphitheatre-like basins round the head of outlet glaciers. It is also the zone of maximum driving stress beyond which values decline rapidly as velocities increase. This abrupt transition appears to be topographically

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Doser, Diane I., and Mark R. Baker. "Geophysical Reconnaissance for Siting Dryland Critical-Zone Monitoring Experiments in Southern New Mexico, USA." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 26, no. 4 (2021): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg21-022.

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A dryland critical-zone observatory is planned on a piedmont setting of the Jornada Experimental Range northeast of Las Cruces, New Mexico, near a ∼10-yr eddy flux covariance tower and vegetation monitoring experiment and a 2-yr old water-uptake rainfall infiltration experiment. We carried out several geophysical surveys to help select sites that minimize geologic complexity for follow up hydrologic and biogeochemical studies that will be conducted by other researchers. First, we conducted a review of regional topography, gravity, and magnetics prior to a site visit and then collected reconnai

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Madhukar, Singh, Bhatt Aditi, Behera Lalatendu, et al. "Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Index based on DRASTIC Model for Sustainable Management of Ground Water Resources using Remote Sensing Techniques and GIS Approach of Delhi, Northern India." Research and Reviews: Journal of Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (2024): 31–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10799485.

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<em>In many of the cities and industrial clusters one of the most rising concerns is pollution of ground water due to industrial and municipal wastes which if once penetrates the system is very difficult to remediate and also in developing countries like India such remediation may practically be impossible. Needless to mention that for sustainable thriving of human race pure and pollution free water is indispensable. Thus, it is important to delineate areas susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources for sustainable management of groundwater resources.</em><em> Vulnerability Assess

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Nakano, Takayoshi, Aira Matsugaki, Takuya Ishimoto, et al. "Control of Oriented Extracellular Matrix Similar to Anisotropic Bone Microstructure." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.72.

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Bone microstructure is dominantly composed of anisotropic extracellular matrix (ECM) in which collagen fibers and epitaxially-oriented biological apatite (BAp) crystals are preferentially aligned depending on the bone anatomical position, resulting in exerting appropriate mechanical function. The regenerative bone in bony defects is however produced without the preferential alignment of collagen fibers and the c-axis of BAp crystals, and subsequently reproduced to recover toward intact alignment. Thus, it is necessary to produce the anisotropic bone-mimetic tissue for the quick recovery of ori

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Waegner, Martin, Mathias Schröder, Gunnar Suchaneck, et al. "Domain Formation in Nano-patterned PZT Thin Films." MRS Proceedings 1454 (2012): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1230.

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ABSTRACTIn this work, reactive magnetron-sputtered Pb(Zr,Ti)O3thin films were used to fabricate well-ordered nanodot arrays by means of nanosphere lithography (NSL). NSL is based on a two-step etch process by means of, firstly adjusting the diameter of polystyrene spheres in the self-assembled polymeric nanosphere mask using reactive ion etching, and secondly transferring the mask to the substrate by ion milling with adjusted heights. Hence, structures with different aspect ratios can be fabricated.Piezoresponse force microscopy was used as the inspection tool on both non-patterned and pattern

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Amanda, Shafira, Irena Hana Hariyanto, and Imam Arief Santoso. "Comprehend Analysis of Surface and Subsurface Sediment Distribution Using Underwater Acoustic Instruments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1418, no. 1 (2024): 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1418/1/012065.

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Abstract Ports play an important role in shipping and transporting while its fundamental challenge is sedimentation that occurs continuously at a location. A management system is required to respond to this siltation problem by dredging the underwater sediments parallel with Sustainable Development Goal 11 about sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, analyzing the area’s sediment types and distribution is necessary, especially using acoustic instruments. In this research, the dredging plan shows the relative depth distribution is around 4 to 18 meters with deep sloping topography on th

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Wopelka, Thomas, Ulrike Cihak-Bayr, Claudia Lenauer, et al. "Wear of different material pairings for the cylinder liner – piston ring contact." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 4 (2018): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2017-0218.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the wear behaviour of different materials for cylinder liners and piston rings in a linear reciprocating tribometer with special focus on the wear of the cylinder liner in the boundary lubrication regime. Design/methodology/approach Conventional nitrided steel, as well as diamond-like carbon and chromium nitride-coated piston rings, were tested against cast iron, AlSi and Fe-coated AlSi cylinder liners. The experiments were carried out with samples produced from original engine parts to have the original surface topography available. Radioactive tracer is

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Quissek, Max, and Thomas Lauer. "Impact of Surface Roughness on the Impingement of Urea–Water Solution Droplets." Fluids 8, no. 5 (2023): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8050152.

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The understanding of impingement processes is crucial for optimizing automotive selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. An accurate description of this behavior helps design exhaust systems and increases the validity of modeling approaches. A component test bench was set up, featuring a droplet chain generator for producing droplet sizes typically found in the urea–water solution sprays of SCR systems. A heatable impingement plate with an interchangeable surface enabled investigation of the influence of surface roughness. Data were acquired using a high-speed camera and image postprocessi

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Pawlik, Marcin Piotr, Quynh Anh Thi Nguy, Bodo Bernsdorf, Tobias Rudolph, and Benjamin Haske. "The Use of Multisensoral Drone Monitoring to Fault's Zones in Areas Affected by Mining Activities." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 35, no. 3 (2025): 108–35. https://doi.org/10.59440/ceer/205775.

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This study explores the use of advanced drone technology with multiple sensors to improve the detection and mapping of fault zones. The goal is to validate a multifaceted approach using LIDAR, multispectral cameras, and thermal imaging, providing a comprehensive analysis of the Earth's surface. LIDAR technology plays a critical role by creating high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital surface models (DSMs). These models offer detailed depictions of terrain topography, crucial for identifying subtle variations associated with fault lines. LIDAR's ability to see through vegeta

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Krakow, William. "The Structure of Thin Gold Films at the Early Stage of Continuous Film Growth." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178847.

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The use of a transmission electron microscope to observe surface structure of thin films has been demonstrated in recent years by diffraction contrast imaging to ∼ 10Å resolution using the forbidden reflections of [111] Au and at atomic resolution using bright-field phase contrast on both [001] and [111] oriented Au films. It has also been possible to demonstrate that beyond a minimum thickness, these films can be free standing and viewed in the microscope without significant modification due to the incident electron beam generating sputtering events at high beam currents. It is therefore now

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