Academic literature on the topic 'Step-like movements'
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Journal articles on the topic "Step-like movements"
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Werner, K., and M. Raab. "Moving to Solution." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 6 (January 1, 2013): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000213.
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Embodied cognition theories suggest a link between bodily movements and cognitive functions. Given such a link, it is assumed that movement influences the two main stages of problem solving: creating a problem space and creating solutions. This study explores how specific the link between bodily movements and the problem-solving process is. Seventy-two participants were tested with variations of the two-string problem (Experiment 1) and the water-jar problem (Experiment 2), allowing for two possible solutions. In Experiment 1 participants were primed with arm-swing movements (swing group) and step movements on a chair (step group). In Experiment 2 participants sat in front of three jars with glass marbles and had to sort these marbles from the outer jars to the middle one (plus group) or vice versa (minus group). Results showed more swing-like solutions in the swing group and more step-like solutions in the step group, and more addition solutions in the plus group and more subtraction solutions in the minus group. This specificity of the connection between movement and problem-solving task will allow further experiments to investigate how bodily movements influence the stages of problem solving.
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Candeias, Mario. "Die verbindende Partei im Praxis-Text." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 46, no. 182 (March 1, 2016): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v46i182.106.
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This article critically responds to Dario Azzelinis’ essay in PROKLA 181 and discusses new strategies to reorganize the relationship between left-wing political parties and social movements. It has always been a contested question how this relation should look like. Concepts about new types of party-movement relations like the Mosaic Left or the Connective Party try to rethink the tension theoretically while in practice, new developments in Greece and Spain seem to promise an important step towards building new connections. This article tries to analyze progress and problems, even failures, and to draw lessons for developing new theories and future political practises.
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Lenti, L., and S. Martino. "The interaction of seismic waves with step-like slopes and its influence on landslide movements." Engineering Geology 126 (February 2012): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.12.002.
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Shah, Ashvin, Andrew H. Fagg, and Andrew G. Barto. "Cortical Involvement in the Recruitment of Wrist Muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 2445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00879.2003.
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In executing a voluntary movement, one is faced with the problem of translating a specification of the movement in task space (e.g., a visual goal) into a muscle-recruitment pattern. Among many brain regions, the primary motor cortex (MI) plays a prominent role in the specification of movements. In what coordinate frame MI represents movement has been a topic of considerable debate. In a two-dimensional wrist step-tracking experiment, Kakei et al. described some MI cells as encoding movement in a muscle-coordinate frame and other cells as encoding movement in an extrinsic-coordinate frame. This result was interpreted as evidence for a cascade of transformations within MI from an extrinsic representation of movement to a muscle-like representation. However, we present a model that demonstrates that, given a realistic extrinsic-like representation of movement, a simple linear network is capable of representing the transformation from an extrinsic space to the muscle-recruitment patterns implementing the movements on which Kakei et al. focused. This suggests that cells exhibiting extrinsic-like qualities can be involved in the direct recruitment of spinal motor neurons. These results call into question models that presume a serial cascade of transformations terminating with MI pyramidal tract neurons that vary their activation exclusively with muscle activity. Further analysis of the model shows that the correlation between the activity of an MI neuron and a muscle does not predict the strength of the connection between the MI neuron and muscle. This result cautions against the use of correlation methods as a measure of cellular connectivity.
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Nagao, Soichi. "1513 Responsiveness of flocculus and paraflocculus purkinje neurons to step-ramp like smooth pursuit eye movements." Neuroscience Research 28 (January 1997): S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-0102(97)90501-0.
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Daminov, V. D., P. V. Tkachenko, and A. A. Nizametdinova. "Application of the Mechanotherapy Devices Simulating Step-Like Movements in Combination with Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury Patients." Bulletin of Restorative Medicine 99, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-99-5-53-61.
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Summarizing the results of the world scientific data on this topic, the possibility to evoke step-like movements in the lower limbs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) below the level of damage was noted. That was verified during electrical stimulation in combination with mechanotherapy, the electrodes application to the definite areas of spinal cord. In addition, we stated that these measures led to reduction of muscle hypertonus in the lower limbs, improvement of neuromuscular junction and tolerance towards increasing stimulation that were instrumentally confirmed. We stated that it is impossible to achieve the same effect using only one of these methods isolated. The first studies were carried out by implantation of epidural electrodes in the spinal cord, and later by a combination of electrical stimulation and step-like movements with the same frequency setting manually. During further technology development, stimulation became percutaneous, and the movements were carried out using robotic mechanotherapy. The advantage of this method is obvious: the specialist needs to set the initial parameters which are selected individually for the patient,to monitor the progress of the procedure and to fix changes. These devices include robotic systems which perform movements in the lower extremities with full and partial axial load. Currently a study of the device for robotic therapy in horizontal unsupported state is ongoing in rehabilitation clinic of FSBI NMCC n. a. N.I. Pirogov. Its excellence is support absense, the training is held in conditions of complete body weight unloading. Multimodal electrical stimulation is performed simultaneously with robotic therapy: percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the legs, back and abdomen muscles. It was stated that parameters of neurological status were improved significantly. This article presents the results of unsupported robotic mechanotherapy`s clinical testing in the SCI patients rehabilitation.
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Hore, J., and D. Flament. "Evidence that a disordered servo-like mechanism contributes to tremor in movements during cerebellar dysfunction." Journal of Neurophysiology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.1.123.
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The characteristics of discontinuities and tremor that occurred in elbow flexions during cooling of the lateral cerebellar nuclei were investigated in five Cebus monkeys. Discontinuities in movements appeared as rhythmical oscillations (kinetic tremor) when movements were slow or when movements were made with a constant force that loaded the antagonist. These oscillations had similar properties to cerebellar terminal tremor following movements; e.g., their amplitude and frequency were decreased by addition of mass to the handle and they occurred in the absence of visual feedback. The abnormal initial decrease in velocity that initiated oscillations in flexion movements was associated with abnormally early or large antagonist (triceps) electromyogram (EMG) activity. This abnormal EMG activity did not follow the normal inverse relation between initial velocity and antagonist latency from onset of movement. The initial deflection from the expected trajectory was opposed by a second burst of EMG activity in the agonist (biceps). This second burst was not the continuation of a step of EMG activity because its amplitude was often larger than the amplitude of the first agonist burst. The second agonist burst had the properties of a servo-like response: it occurred when biceps shortening was slowed (but biceps was not stretched), its magnitude was proportional to the magnitude or the deflection in velocity, its latency was 50-80 ms from onset of the abnormal decrease in velocity, and it occurred in the absence of visual feedback. However, this servo-like response was disordered because it did not return the limb accurately to the expected trajectory. The servo-like mechanism was studied further by applying torque pulse perturbations during elbow flexions. When the cerebellar nuclei were cooled, agonist responses to the perturbation were proportional to the size of the velocity deflection, but they were prolonged and onset of antagonist activity was delayed. It is suggested that discontinuities and tremor in movements during cerebellar dysfunction result from the same mechanism: alternation between disordered stretch reflexes and disordered servo-assistance mechanisms, both partly involving transcortical pathways.
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Anderson, David I., Yuka Kobayashi, Kate Hamel, Monica Rivera, Joseph J. Campos, and Marianne Barbu-Roth. "Effects of support surface and optic flow on step-like movements in pre-crawling and crawling infants." Infant Behavior and Development 42 (February 2016): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.11.005.
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Bellet, Marie E., Joachim Bellet, Hendrikje Nienborg, Ziad M. Hafed, and Philipp Berens. "Human-level saccade detection performance using deep neural networks." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 646–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00601.2018.
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Saccades are ballistic eye movements that rapidly shift gaze from one location of visual space to another. Detecting saccades in eye movement recordings is important not only for studying the neural mechanisms underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive processes, but also as a clinical and diagnostic tool. However, automatically detecting saccades can be difficult, particularly when such saccades are generated in coordination with other tracking eye movements, like smooth pursuits, or when the saccade amplitude is close to eye tracker noise levels, like with microsaccades. In such cases, labeling by human experts is required, but this is a tedious task prone to variability and error. We developed a convolutional neural network to automatically detect saccades at human-level accuracy and with minimal training examples. Our algorithm surpasses state of the art according to common performance metrics and could facilitate studies of neurophysiological processes underlying saccade generation and visual processing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Detecting saccades in eye movement recordings can be a difficult task, but it is a necessary first step in many applications. We present a convolutional neural network that can automatically identify saccades with human-level accuracy and with minimal training examples. We show that our algorithm performs better than other available algorithms, by comparing performance on a wide range of data sets. We offer an open-source implementation of the algorithm as well as a web service.
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Platz, Thomas, and Karl-Heinz Mauritz. "Syndrome-Specific Deficits of Performance and Effects of Practice on Arm Movements with Deafferentation due to Posterior Thalamic Lesion." Behavioural Neurology 10, no. 1 (1997): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/354967.
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Aiming and tapping movements were analysed repeatedly over a three-week period in a patient who was hemideafferented due to an ischaemic posterior thalamic lesion. Contrasting behaviour observed in six healthy subjects, nine hemiparetic patients and one patient with hemianopic stroke, allowed the determination of behavioural deficits related to deafferentation. Finger tapping was not impaired specifically and did not improve with practice in the deafferented patient. When aiming movements were investigated, accuracy of the first, largely preprogrammed, phase of movement and timing of the late homing-in phase were impaired specifically in the deafferented patient. Practice led to a step-like change in preprogramming amplitude of the ballistic movement component, a gradual improvement of temporal efficiency of the early movement phase and a more marked improvement of the homing-in phase. Qualitatively comparable but quantitatively less marked effects of practice were documented for hemiparetic patients. These results demonstrated that deafferentation affects preprogrammed aspects of movement and those influenced by current control and that motor learning is possible with central deafferentation, even for aspects of performance that are impaired specifically. It is postulated that motor learning was mediated by changes in strategy (motor programming) and improved efficiency of intact motor control processes (visuomotor control).
Books on the topic "Step-like movements"
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de Bie, Robertus M. A., and Susanne E. M. Ten Holter. “She Is So Fidgety”. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0023.
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Chorea manifests as involuntary, often contnuous, unpredictable, and involuntary dance-like movements. Patients with chorea are often unaware that they have involuntary movements. Others may try to incorporate the movement into a semipurposeful action (parakinesia). Chorea is usually worse with mental activity or emotion. Physical activity may also exacerbate chorea. The presence of “motor impersistence” is typical of chorea. Sometimes patients can also make unintentional sounds referred to as hyperkinetic dysarthria. Chorea disappears during sleep. Ballism is considered a type of chorea with a more proximal distribution and larger movements. Athetosis is a term formally used for chorea with slow writing movements in the distal limbs, but it is not considered a specific entity of chorea anymore. The most important genetic cause of chorea in adulthood is Huntington’s disease, and genetic testing should be considered as a first step in all patients with adult-onset chorea if no secondary cause is found.
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Hepokoski, James. A Sonata Theory Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536810.001.0001.
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A Sonata Theory Handbook is a step-by-step, seminar-like introduction to Sonata Theory, a new approach to the study and interpretation of sonata form. The book updates and advances the outline of the method first presented in Hepokoski and Darcy’s 2006 Elements of Sonata Theory. It blends explanations of the theory’s general principles—dialogic form, expositional action zones, trajectories toward generically normative cadences, rotation theory, the five sonata types, the special case of the minor-mode sonata, and more—with illustrations of them in practice through close, extended analyses of eight individual movements by Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, and Brahms. Central to the method is the merging of historically informed, technical analysis with the concerns of hermeneutic interpretation. The book features an inclusive engagement with recent developments in form theory, schema theory, and other related studies since 2006, including some of the language and insights of cognitive research into music perception and the more generalized concerns of conceptual metaphor theory. It ultimately builds to reflections on sonata form in the romantic era: the flexible applicability of Sonata Theory to mid- and late-nineteenth-century works.
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Gage, Greg, and Tim Marzullo. How Your Brain Works. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12429.001.0001.
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Discover the hidden electrical world inside your nervous system using DIY, hands-on experiments, for all ages. No MD or PhD required! The workings of the brain are mysterious: What are neural signals? What do they mean? How do our senses really sense? How does our brain control our movements? What happens when we meditate? Techniques to record signals from living brains were once thought to be the realm of advanced university labs... but not anymore! This book allows anyone to participate in the discovery of neuroscience through hands-on experiments that record the hidden electrical world beneath our skin and skulls. In How Your Brain Works, neuroscientists Greg Gage and Tim Marzullo offer a practical guide—accessible and useful to readers from middle schoolers to college undergraduates to curious adults—for learning about the brain through hands-on experiments. Armed with some DIY electrodes, readers will get to see what brain activity really looks like through simple neuroscience experiments. Written by two neuroscience researchers who invented open-source techniques to record signals from neurons, muscles, hearts, eyes, and brains, How Your Brain Works includes more than forty-five experiments to gain a deeper understanding of your brain. Using a homemade scientific instrument called a SpikerBox, readers can see how fast neural signals travel by recording electrical signals from an earthworm. Or, turning themselves into subjects, readers can strap on some electrode stickers to detect the nervous system in their own bodies. Each chapter begins by describing some phenomenology of a particular area of neuroscience, then guides readers step-by-step through an experiment, and concludes with a series of open-ended questions to inspire further investigation. Some experiments use invertebrates (such as insects), and the book provides a thoughtful framework for the ethical use of these animals in education. How Your Brain Works offers fascinating reading for students at any level, curious readers, and scientists interested in using electrophysiology in their research or teaching. Example Experiments How fast do signals travel down a neuron? The brain uses electricity. . . but do neurons communicate as fast as lightning inside our bodies? In this experiment you will make a speed trap for spikes! Can we really enhance our memories during sleep? Strap on a brainwave-reading sweatband and test the power of cueing up and strengthening memories while you dream away! Wait, that's my number! Ever feel that moment of excitement when you see your number displayed while waiting for an opening at the counter? In this experiment, you will peer into your brainwaves to see what happens when the unexpected occurs and how the brain gets your attention. Using hip hop to talk to the brain. Tired of simply “reading” the electricity from the brain? Would you like to “write” to the nervous system as well? In this experiment you will use a smartphone and hack a headphone cable to see how brain stimulators (used in treating Parkinson's disease) really work. How long does it take the brain to decide? Using simple classroom rulers and a clever technique, readers can determine how long it takes the brain to make decisions.
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Sumner, L. W. Physician-Assisted Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.001.0001.
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The issue of physician-assisted death is now firmly on the American public agenda. Already legal in five states, it is the subject of intense public opinion battles across the country. Driven by an increasingly aging population, and a baby boom generation just starting to enter its senior years, the issue is not going to go away anytime soon. In Physician-Assited Death L.W. Sumner equips readers with everything they need to know to take a reasoned and informed position in this important debate. The book provides needed context for the debate by situating physician-assisted death within the wider framework of end-of-life care and explaining why the movement to legalize it now enjoys such strong public support. It also reviews that movement's successes to date, beginning in Oregon in 1994 and now extending to eleven jurisdictions across three continents. Like abortion, physician-assisted death is ethically controversial and the subject of passionately held opinions. The central chapters of the book review the main arguments utilized by both sides of the controversy: on the one hand, appeals to patient autonomy and the relief of suffering, on the other the claim that taking active steps to hasten death inevitably violates the sanctity of life. The book then explores both the case in favor of legalization and the case against, focusing in the latter instance on the risk of abuse and the possibility of slippery slopes. In this context the experience of jurisdictions that have already taken the step of legalization is carefully reviewed to see what lessons might be extracted from it. It then identifies some further issues that lie beyond the boundaries of the current debate but will have to be faced sometime down the road: euthanasia for patients who are permanently unconscious or have become seriously demented and for severely compromised newborns. The book concludes by considering the various possible routes to legalization, both political and judicial. Readers will then be prepared to decide for themselves just where they stand when they confront the issue both in their own jurisdiction and in their own lives.
Book chapters on the topic "Step-like movements"
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Kawash, Jalal, Christo El Morr, Hamza Taha, and Wissam Charaf. "Mobile Virtual Communities of Commuters." In Mobile Computing, 1771–79. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch142.
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Commuting forms an integral part of our lives, whether we are commuting for leisure or business. The use of location-based services and mobile computing has potentials to improve commuting experience and awareness. For instance, printed bus schedules have been only recently complemented with online systems to provide bus timing information for the community of public transport commuters. Commuters can nowadays inquire about bus timings by the use of telephony systems and the Internet. However, the information provided to users is statically produced, just like the still in-use old fashion bus route tables, and does not take into consideration delays and cancellations. The next step in the evolution of these schedules must produce live information, track bus movements, and alert commuters of bus arrivals and timings. The experience of commuting using taxis can also be improved beyond the use of telephony, while the most common way of asking for a taxi continues to be by hand waiving. Such improvements are more crucial for commuters that are not completely aware of their surrounding environment, such as tourists and business visitors. This article envisions the formation of networked organizations of commuters, through the use of mobile and location-based services. We discuss scenarios and use cases of such organizations and propose an example software implementation for the supporting services.
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"The Field of TVET." In Effects of Engagement and Resources on Learning Outcomes in Vocational Colleges, 1–11. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9250-1.ch001.
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This chapter provides the global perspective on the field of TVET. The chapter begins by defining the term TVET and traces its development to present time. The chapter articulates the aims and roles of TVET in the preparation of youth for work. Present global issues such as global financial crisis, increasing illegal immigrates, abrupt technological changes, among other factors pushed education for all (EFA) movement to step up for TVET enrichment. The chapter has also offered avenues for moving the TVET forward with new terms like inbreeding TVET sector and vocationalism as a new way of expanding higher education globally.
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Durden, E. Moncell. "The Morphology of Afro-Kinetic Memory." In Rooted Jazz Dance, 63–75. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069111.003.0006.
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This chapter addresses how “jazz dance” practice continues to value Whiteness over movement and cultural knowledge of the Africanist aesthetic. For instance, the fact that works by White dancers are labeled jazz dance, while jazz dance by Black dancers such as Mable Lee, Marie Bryant, Norma Miller, and Madeline Jackson goes unsung and is inappropriately encumbered with words like “authentic” or “vernacular,” is a problem. The author also speaks for the importance of tracing the roots of Black American movement back through time. He examines in detail the lineage of the Camel Walk, a step that originated in Ghana, appears in an 1894 film in the U.S., and then reappears in several other incarnations including a 1986 Janet Jackson video. The article ends with a call to teachers of jazz dance: “Teach Lindy-hop and eccentric dances… Educate on all the things that teach polyrhythmic flow, asymmetry, grounded-ness and groove.” These Black aesthetics are vitally important in jazz dance, and the physical expression of Afro-kinetic memory must be primary.
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Finn, Ed. "Coding Cow Clicker: The Work of Algorithms." In What Algorithms Want. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035927.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 begins with Ian Bogost’s satirical Facebook game Cow Clicker and its send-up of the “gamification” movement to add quantification and algorithmic thinking to many facets of everyday life. Such games trouble the boundaries between work and play, as do much more serious forms of gamification like Uber and the high-tech warehouse workers whose every second and step are measured for efficiency. Taken together, these new models of work herald a novel form of alienated labor for the algorithmic age. In our science fiction present, humans are processors handling simple tasks assigned by an algorithmic apparatus. Drawing on the historical figure of the automaton, a remarkable collection of Mechanical Turk-powered poetry titled Of the Subcontract, and Adam Smith’s conception of empathy in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, the chapter explores the consequences of computational capitalism on politics, empathy, and social value.
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McFarland, Ben. "How Chemistry Shaped History." In A World From Dust. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190275013.003.0015.
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Evolution accomplished its final major innovation 125 million years ago. Not brains—complex brains had already been around for a few hundred million years. Not flight—animals with wings can be found as far back as brains, although the birds that really flew developed during this time. It was something that is so commonplace that it seems more annoying than astounding. Evolution invented the hive. Hives are annoying because of their success. Only 2% of insect species form hives, but all hive-makers weigh as much as the other 98%. The most complex hive-making species exhibit “obligatory eusociality”: their genes encode physically different levels, or “castes,” each with a specialized job, led by a queen that reproduces for the entire hive. The physical hive itself is easy to see, but the true innovation is the network of life protected inside. The hive acts as a skull for the hive mind. Eusociality was a step forward, on par with the inventions of mitochondria and multicellularity. These other two great evolutionary innovations made specialized organelles inside cells and specialized organs inside organisms. Eusociality made specialized roles outside organisms. Eusocial species changed externally in protection, specialization, and communication. A hive protects; the queen specializes in reproducing (like muscles specialize in movement, and the brain specializes in fast sensing); and external chemical signals like pheromones form parallels to internal chemical signals like hormones. The most telling sign of eusociality may seem mundane: organized, communal child care. One extraordinary day, a termite tended a child not its own. Such au pair termites cannot directly pass on genes to the next generation. But loss is gain—the individual took one step back while the species took two steps forward. Ants and termites succeeded by losing the ability to reproduce. This specialization is coordinated through a chemical communication, mediated by small molecules messaging from bee to bee and termite to termite. Queen bees make a carbon-chain “perfume” molecule that suppresses reproduction in the surrounding bees, which communicate back with molecules of their own.
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Fuchs, Simon Wolfgang. "Khomeini’s Perplexed Pakistani Men." In In a Pure Muslim Land, 119–51. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649795.003.0005.
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This chapter argues that during the early months and years after the Iranian Revolution, Pakistani Shi‘i ‘ulama remained primarily occupied with domestic events. Even ardent supporters of Khomeini were not sure what his authority should mean for them outside of Iran. Additionally, Pakistan’s Shi‘is at that time were engaged in their own political mobilization against the military dictator Zia ul-Haq (d. 1988). A second step in the reception can be discerned with the rise of the young cleric Sayyid ‘Arif Husayn al-Husayni (d. 1988) to the helm of Pakistan’s most influential Shi‘i organization at the time, the Movement for the Implementation of Ja‘fari Law (TNFJ), in 1984. Husayni clearly and consistently drew on the hallmark themes of the Iranian Revolution. In doing so, however, he was often forced to bend aspects of the revolutionary message, like Muslim unity or the leadership of the clerics (vilayat-i faqih), to his Pakistani context. The chapter also pays attention to the unprecedented embrace of Iranian ideas that is anchored in contemporary Lahore.
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Wiberg, Mikael. "The Material Turn." In The Materiality of Interaction. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037518.003.0003.
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No matter if we think about interaction design as a design tradition aimed at giving form to the interaction with computational objects, or if we think about interaction design as being simply about user interface design it is hard to escape the fact that the user interface to a large extent defines the scene and the form of the interaction. Without adopting a fully deterministic perspective here it is still a fact that if the user interface is screen-based and graphical and the input modality is mouse-based, then it is likely that the form of that interaction, that is what the turn-taking looks like and what is demanded by the user, is very similar to other screen-based interfaces with similar input devices. However, the design space for the form of interaction is growing fast. While command-based interfaces and text-based interfaces sort of defined the whole design space in the 1970s, the development since then, including novel ways of bringing sensors, actuators, and smart materials to the user interface has certainly opened up for a broader design space for interaction design. But it is not only the range of materials that has been extended over the last few decades, but we have also moved through a number of form paradigms for interaction design. With this as a point of departure I will in this chapter reflect on how we have moved from early days of command-based user interfaces, via the use of metaphors in the design of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), towards ways of interacting with the computer via tangible user interfaces (TUIs). Further on, I will describe how this movement towards TUIs was a first step away from building user interfaces based on representations and metaphors and a first step towards material interactions.
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Carson, Matter. "“We’re Just Not Ready Yet”." In A Matter of Moral Justice, 187–212. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043901.003.0012.
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In 1949 the long-standing conflict between the democratic initiative and the ACWA culminated in an all-out battle that pitted Black trade unionists against the ACWA and LWJB secretary treasurer Louis Simon. The battle, described by the workers as a shop floor revolt against “dictatorial rule, shady practices, Negro discrimination and union-sanctioned intolerable working conditions,” was led by Charlotte Adelmond. Chapter 11 demonstrates that this insurgency was precipitated by events taking place in the union but was also inspired by the successes of the postwar civil rights struggle. In 1949 it seemed like the country was on the verge of taking a huge step forward in the battle to end racial discrimination, and Black laundry workers expected to see these gains reflected in their union. When they encountered familiar patterns of union racism and discrimination they launched their most militant challenge to date, a challenge that ended in the ousting of Adelmond from the union and the reassignment of Robinson. This final chapter argues that the deliberate suppression of Black workers’ activism and civil rights unionism highlights some of the limitations of the mid-twentieth-century labor movement for women and people of color and illuminates the tensions between union democracy and union bureaucracy that played out in some industrial unions in the postwar era.
Conference papers on the topic "Step-like movements"
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Wright, Matthew A., Roberto Horowitz, and Alex A. Kurzhanskiy. "A Dynamic-System-Based Approach to Modeling Driver Movements Across General-Purpose/Managed Lane Interfaces." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9125.
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To help mitigate road congestion caused by the unrelenting growth of traffic demand, many transportation authorities have implemented managed lane policies, which restrict certain freeway lanes to certain types of vehicles. It was originally thought that managed lanes would improve the use of existing infrastructure through demand-management behaviors like carpooling, but implementations have often been characterized by unpredicted phenomena that are sometimes detrimental to system performance. The development of traffic models that can capture these sorts of behaviors is a key step for helping managed lanes deliver on their promised gains. Towards this goal, this paper presents an approach for solving for driver behavior of entering and exiting managed lanes at the macroscopic (i.e., fluid approximation of traffic) scale. Our method is inspired by recent work in extending a dynamic-system-based modeling framework from traffic behaviors on individual roads, to models at junctions, and can be considered a further extension of this dynamic-system paradigm to the route/lane choice problem. Unlike traditional route choice models that are often based on discrete-choice methods and often rely on computing and comparing drivers’ estimated travel times from taking different routes, our method is agnostic to the particular choice of physical traffic model and is suited specifically towards making decisions at these interfaces using only local information. These features make it a natural drop-in component to extend existing dynamic traffic modeling methods.
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Schorr, Michael, Klaas Kole, and Ferdinand Foessing. "Monitoring and Screening of Pipelines for Movement: A Fast and Cost-Effective Alternative for Pipeline Operators to Measure Drift in Pipelines." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5324.
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Abstract For pipelines in the oil, gas, and mining industry, movement of pipelines is one of the main integrity hazards. This movement in most cases is caused by landslides instigated by heavy rain, earthquakes or volcanic activities. If the pipeline movement remains undetected at an early stage, it can lead to the need for costly repairs to prevent, remove, or repair potential or actual damage. Moreover, if the movements stay undetected for too long, these lines may fail and lead to catastrophic events. This paper will illustrate what a fast and cost-effective solution to avoid these threats at an early stage looks like and how it works. It will explain the process and demonstrate the full power of this technology on the basis of a case study. The standard solution for pipelines without a permanent position monitoring system at the time of installation includes the use of intelligent tools that are able to detect even the slightest changes in the trajectory. These inspection tools are quite expensive to run, especially when multiple screening runs are required throughout a year, e.g. before and after the rainy season or after a seismic event. Other monitoring solutions are either limited to only a specific area where the movement has already been detected at an earlier stage or lack the precision required to serve as an early warning system, such as LIDAR or satellite image comparison. Over the years, ROSEN has developed a technology that can bridge the gap between frequent measurements and cost-effective service. It is based on an electronic gyroscope that is commonly used in Inline Inspection tools but can also be installed in readily available cleaning tools. When first run in a pipeline, it records the whole pipeline trajectory, leaving no segment undocumented. The next step is to compare these recorded pipeline routing measurements with already existing trajectory baseline data, recorded earlier by any ILI tool with an optical gyro or similar. This comparison will reveal any deviation between both trajectories and precisely determine any pipeline movement. A case study will demonstrate how the comparison is achieved. When performing repetitive inspections, this screening comparison enables the operators to detect the onset of movements and monitor the progress of any known pipeline movement. It allows them to distinguish between stable areas from dynamic ground movements and keeps close track of changes in the pipe course. Through regular repetitions, any further development of the movement is tracked, and appropriate reactive measures can be scheduled in a timely manner. This new service provides a cost-effective and powerful early warning tool for geological pipeline integrity threats that can lead to loss of integrity, the asset, or — worst-case scenario — loss of life or environmental contamination, while at the same time, it reduces the necessity of pipeline intervention that will affect production.
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Gruden, Chiara, Irena Ištoka Otković, and Matjaž Šraml. "Selection and analysis of input parameters influencing pedestrian micro-simulated crossing time." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1017.
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Pedestrian unrestrained behaviour, sudden movements and vulnerability are elements, which can highly affect road safety, especially when interacting with motorized vehicles. Therefore, it is important to have a deep insight in pedestrian behaviour. A way to tackle this issue is micro-simulation. Modern micro-simulation tools, indeed, allow, thanks to the implemented mathematical formulation of the problem, to model and repeat a real situation in a virtual environment. Nevertheless, they need to well-fit the real observed behaviour: the calibration step allows to make the model reliable, by adapting selected, influential model input parameters. By dealing with pedestrian issues, software Vissim/Viswalk has been selected for micro-simulation, which implements Helbing's Social Force model. This model is based on several parameters, like relaxation time, side preference, strength and range of pedestrian interactions, amount of anisotropy, parameters governing the forces among pedestrians, noise, number of reacting pedestrians, queue order and straightness, which need to be set by the user when creating the model, but they can be hardly measured. This paper presents a selection of the recalled input parameters, on which statistical tests are carried out to understand their influence on the behavioural output – crossing time - that is supposed to describe pedestrian crossing behaviour. This is the first step towards the development of a new calibration methodology, which will keep advantage of artificial intelligence tools to fine-tune micro-simulation input parameters.
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Váz, R. F., H. Canales, J. Sanchez, U. Ocaña, V. Albaladejo, and I. Garcia Cano. "Metal Knitting: A Method to Control Morphology and Properties in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0614.
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Abstract Cold Spraying (CS) is a thermal spray process capable of producing dense and thick coatings by the spraying of powders under high velocity and relatively low temperature. The high deposition efficiency and the thickness of each pass make possible the use of CS to produce freestanding parts, as an additive manufacturing process (CSAM). Traditionally, CS is performed spraying perpendicularly to the substrate, which ensures maximum deposition efficiency among other benefits. This, however, presents two main disadvantages for CSAM. First, by keeping the spraying angle constant, there is not much control on the final geometry of the part being built, and, second, the resultant part’s properties show anisotropy depending on whether this property is measured along the spraying axe or not. In this work, we present a method (Metal Knitting) that aims to help reduce both disadvantages. Metal Knitting is based on the performance of certain spraying movements that build near squared shapes step-by-step like in a knitting process. The principle of the method and examples are presented in this work, as well as some results on the anisotropy of 316L stainless steel freeform parts obtained by CSAM, measuring the tensile stress, hardness, and evaluating the microstructure in different directions of the material. The effect of annealing on the material properties is also investigated.
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Ahmad, Rafiq, and Peter Plapper. "Safe and Automated Tool-Path Generation for Multi-Axis Production Machines." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36742.
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Multi-axis machines are growing rapidly their precision and complexity with the increasing importance of machine intelligence, automation, optimization and safety. It is necessary to identify collision risks and avoid them in manufacturing otherwise production stops may cost a huge amount to the manufacturing company. This study has focused on safe trajectory generation for CNC machines especially focusing on high risked non-functional trajectories. These machines should be able to see any unwilling situation (i.e. collisions) in their vicinity and must be able to detect and react automatically in real-time for safe tool movements. Currently CAM software and some multi-axis machines are able to detect collisions but they do not have any solution to avoid such collisions automatically. The main objective is to make multi-axis machine vision system effective enough that it can see all its activities regarding collisions and can react or command automatically online as well as off-line for real and virtual productions. In presence of obstacles during manufacturing, the proposed approach will provide decisions regarding trajectory correction and improvement automatically. The proposed vision concept is able to take into account the evolution of the scene i.e. the aspects of changes to the obstacle like shape, size or presence during production. The application presented in this paper is for 2D traversal safe online trajectories generation in virtual simulated dynamic environment, which will be adapted to the real-time real machining scenarios at shop-floor by integrating it with STEP-NC technology in future.
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Huang, Hsing-Hui. "Representation of the Variable Chain Mechanisms With Sequential Movement." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99300.
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A mechanism that encounters a certain change in the number of links or degree of freedom during operation will also result the variation of the topological structure in every stage. Since the mechanisms with variable chain in different stages during operation have different topologies, but the applications of this kind of mechanisms are very extensively. And this also result the complications of representation of the topology thoroughly. Mechanisms with variable chain now always been represented by graph according to the topology of each stage, but hardly represent by using a formula. We would like to propose an approach to develop the function for representing the mechanism with variable chain that focus on the sequential movement, and help the representation of the operation not only by the graph but also by the function. According to the operation of the mechanisms with variable chain, the movement of the mechanisms can be classified into parallel system movement and sequential system movement. Parallel movement mechanisms are the mechanisms operate more than one links in the same time when giving an input; and when we give an input that can operate just only one link and effect and transfer the movement of the next one step by step, we can call this kind of mechanisms as sequential mechanisms. In this work we apply composite function for represent the movement of each stage, and also verified the representation by applying it on the existed examples.
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Cutrim, Fabio Sawada, Charlton Okama De Souza, and Bruno Sergio Pimentel De Souza. "Wellhead Movement Analysis and Surface Casing Integrity in Pre-Salt Wells." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30957-ms.
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Abstract As a general practice in the oil and gas industry, the well foundation, composed by the conductor and the surface casing, is designed with a strict tolerance regarding cement shortfall on the surface casing. However, in a pre-salt scenario, in order to reduce the costs of well construction, the surface casing shoe generally reaches the top of salt. In this case, it is quite hard to make the cement job reach the mudline due to problems like salt dissolution (generating high calipers) and presence of many geological faults in the post-salt zone (which can work as a lost circulation area). Besides that, an evaluation of the wellhead movement is necessary so that the structural restrictions of subsea equipment connected to the wellhead are not violated. This work had the goal of presenting a coupled structural model to analyze the foundation of a subsea well with a partially cemented surface casing, where the safety factors of surface casing are evaluated in the whole well life cycle along with the wellhead movement due to the loads related to each step of this cycle. A sensitivity analysis on the top of cement (measured from the casing shoe) is made, varying it from 300 m to 800 m. The results showed wellhead movement consistent with what is observed in the field, once no axial movement has been reported. Additionally, it was highlighted that the foundation design depends on the operations during the well construction and its future purpose, production or injection, because the thermal loads associated with operations have different impacts.
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Marzban, Mostapha, and Aria Alasty. "Dynamic Analysis of an Amphibious Single Wheel Robot, Part 1: Moving in Straight Path." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35876.
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A single wheel, gyroscopically stabilized robot is a sharp-edged wheel actuated by a spinning flywheel for steering and a drive motor for propulsion. The spinning flywheel acts as a gyroscope to stabilize the robot and it can be tilted to achieve steering. In this paper first the kinematics of a single wheel robot, like Gyrover, in water is considered and then a simple mechanism for its movement in water is proposed. After hydrodynamic analysis of the robot a complete dynamics model is designed with Lagrange energy method. The only simplification used here is neglecting the added mass effect in hydrodynamic analysis. This complete model can be used for examining the behavior of the robot in designing a controller. This work is a significant step towards a fully automatic control of such a dynamically stable but statically unstable robots.
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Robson, Nina, Brianda Chavez, and Jong-Seob Won. "Towards Creating Inter-Finger Kinematic Models for Natural Coordination Derived From Grasping of Virtual Objects." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22202.
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Abstract This paper builds up on a recently developed novel planar inter-joint finger kinematic model for human hand configurations, which applies to the realization of a naturalistic human finger motion. The model is a function of the finger anthropomorphic data and is derived based on the geometry of a hand shape grasping a virtual cylindrical object. Unlike well-known inverse kinematics models, the inter-joint model is capable of describing the natural rotation configuration of the joints of a long finger independently by a single parameter, the radius of the cylindrical object. A novel inter-finger coordination model, based on the inter-joint model is proposed and experimentally tested. The preliminary results show that the model has the potential to simulate naturalistic human hand grasping motion. The merit of the proposed inter-finger coordination model is in its simplicity when used in hand-exoskeleton design assessment and naturalistic hand trajectory planning applications, among others. We would like to note that this paper is the first step towards exploring future simplified combined design-control strategies for the development and assessment of mechanical limbs for naturalistic movement.
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Cerda-Lugo, Angel, Alejandro Gonzalez, Antonio Cardenas, and Davide Piovesan. "Estimation of Hip and Ankle Visco-Elastic Parameters During Quiet Standing." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87585.
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Balance control naturally deteriorates with age, so it comes as no surprise that nearly 30% of the elderly population in the United States report stability problems that lead to difficulty performing daily activities or even falling. Postural stability is an integral task to daily living which is reliant upon the control of the ankle and hip. To this end, the estimation of ankle and hip parameters in quiet standing can be a useful tool when analyzing compensatory actions aimed at maintaining postural stability. Using an analytical approach, this work builds upon the results obtained by the authors and expands it to a two degrees of freedom system where the first two modes of vibration of a standing human are considered. The physiological parameters a second-order Kelvin-Voigt model were estimated for the actuation of the ankle and hip. Estimates were obtained during quiet standing when healthy volunteers were subjected to a step-like perturbation. This paper presents the analysis of a second-order nonlinear system of differential equations representing the control of lumped muscle-tendon units at the ankle and hip. This paper utilizes motion capture measurements to obtain the estimates of the control parameters of the system. The dynamic measurements are utilized to construct a simple time-dependent regression that allows calculating the time-varying estimates of the control and body segment parameters with a single perturbation. This work represents a step forward in estimating the control parameters of human quiet standing where, usually, the analysis is either restricted to the first vibrational mode of an inverted pendulum model or the control parameters are assumed to be time-invariant. The proposed method allows for the analysis of hip related movement in the control of stability and highlights the importance of core muscle training.