Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sténose valvulaire aortique (AVS)'
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Le, Ven Florent. "Impact pronostique du débit cardiaque dans la sténose valvulaire aortique." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0116/document.
Full textAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease in occidental countries. Despite proper use of the guidelines, some patients can present adverse outcomes after surgery: some of them remain symptomatic, some die prematurely, or suffer from a persistant left ventricular dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that patients presenting an AS with low flow (i.e. low stroke volume), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and a low transvalvular mean gradient, have poor prognosis, with increased risk during aortic valve replacement surgery. It has also been demonstrated that, in AS, a low flow can occur despite a preserved LVEF. The main goals of this PhD were to evaluate the impact of flow (more precisely left ventricular stroke volume) on the prognosis of patients with AS, the evolution of flow after intervention, and the factors that influence it. The results show that left ventricular stroke volume, before or after intervention, or its evolution after TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), are powerful independant predictors of mortality
Nader, Joseph. "MicroARNs, marqueurs de la pathologie valvulaire aortique." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0062.
Full textObjective: Aortic valve stenosis is, nowadays, the most frequent valvular heart disease. Its evolution remains different between tricuspid and bicuspid valves, with an earlier and more rapid calcification in the bicuspid patients. MicroRNA are emergent genetic intra- and extra-cellular regulator of the expression of mRNA. The aim of our study is to compare the microRNA expression between both valvular groups.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on a small sample of tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve, on which we studied the expression of 6 microRNAs (miR-26a, -30b, -92a, -141, -195 and -223). The study was approved by the local ethic committee. Results: On this reduced sample, only miR-92a and -141 were significantly overexpressed in bicuspid aortic valves (0.3 v/s 0.85, p=0.0006; 0.03 v/s 0.06; p=0.005) respectively for tricuspid and bicuspid valves. As a second step, we studied the expression of these 2 microRNAs in a larger cohort of 47 valves. Only miR-92a was significatively overexpressed in bicuspid aortic valves (0.06 v/s 0.03; p<0.0001). Furthermore, a positive correlation between transvalvular preoperative mean gradient and the expression of mi-92a, as a direct clinical correlation between the tissular expression and a preoperative clinical assessment of the AS severity (r = 0.3257, p = 0.04). Conclusion: miR-92a is overexpressed in bicuspid aortic valves. Further studies are necessary to measure its seric expression and correlate it to the clinical findings, in order to present this microRNA as a potential seric biomarker of rapid aortic valve calcification
Tastet, Lionel. "L'hypertension artérielle systolique et la progression de la calcification valvulaire aortique chez les patients atteints de sténose aortique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26657.
Full textCalcific aortic stenosis is the most common cardiovascular disease in Western countries after coronary artery disease and hypertension. So far, there is no effective medical therapy able to stop or slow the progression of aortic stenosis. The only available treatments are surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. In this context, it is crucial to develop efficient pharmaceutical therapy able to slow the stenosis progression and thus prevent such invasive intervention. In the past, aortic stenosis was thought to be a simple degenerative process of the aortic valve linked to aging. However, the advances performed during the last two decades showed that aortic stenosis is a highly complex and actively regulated disease, especially involving pathological processes close to atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, identified the key factors involved in the disease progression is essential to understand the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. In this regard, hypertension is a common comorbidity of aortic stenosis and previous findings suggest that it may have an impact both on the development and progression of aortic stenosis. The primary hypothesis of this MSc project was that systolic hypertension, the most prevalent form of hypertension in patients with aortic stenosis, leads to faster progression of aortic valve calcification. Thus the main objective of this study was to assess the impact of systolic hypertension on the progression of aortic valve calcification assessed by multidetector computed tomography in patients with aortic stenosis.
Ma, Qixiang. "Deep learning based segmentation and detection of aorta structures in CT images involving fully and weakly supervised learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS029.
Full textEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are endovascular interventions where preoperative CT image analysis is a prerequisite for planning and navigation guidance. In the case of EVAR procedures, the focus is specifically on the challenging issue of aortic segmentation in non-contrast-enhanced CT (NCCT) imaging, which remains unresolved. For TAVI procedures, attention is directed toward detecting anatomical landmarks to predict the risk of complications and select the bioprosthesis. To address these challenges, we propose automatic methods based on deep learning (DL). Firstly, a fully-supervised model based on 2D-3D features fusion is proposed for vascular segmentation in NCCTs. Subsequently, a weakly-supervised framework based on Gaussian pseudo labels is considered to reduce and facilitate manual annotation during the training phase. Finally, hybrid weakly- and fully-supervised methods are proposed to extend segmentation to more complex vascular structures beyond the abdominal aorta. When it comes to aortic valve in cardiac CT scans, a two-stage fully-supervised DL method is proposed for landmarks detection. The results contribute to enhancing preoperative imaging and the patient's digital model for computer-assisted endovascular interventions
Rosa, Mickael. "Athérosclérose et sténose valvulaire aortique : implication des macrophages et des cellules interstitielles de valve dans les calcifications cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S046.
Full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most often outcome of atherosclerosis processes. CVD are the first leading cause of death rate with an increasing incidence due to ageing populations and expansion of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus or obesity. Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most frequent valvulopathy in developed countries sharing common points with vascular atherosclerosis. More than only risk factors, valvular and vascular lesions share common pathophysiological processes implicated in the development of the disease such as inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and calcification. This last process appears in late stages of atherosclerosis diseases and play critical roles via implication in plaque stability or thickening of the aortic valve. Macrophages are cells deriving from infiltrated monocytes, playing an important role in the inflammatory state of lesions via classical (M1) or alternative phenotypes (M2) phenotypes. Nevertheless, this dichotomy does not reflect completely the variety of their plasticity and different phenotypes induced by the microenvironment of monocytes/macrophages (lipid riche zone, iron riche zone or calcium rich zone). In the aortic valve, valvular interstitial cells (VIC) are the most prominent cell type found in the aortic valve. These cells play a major role not only in the valve tissue homeostasis but also in the calcification processes leading to AVS. In a first part, the aim of this thesis is to elucidate the ability of macrophages to differentiate into osteoclasts, cell type responsible for bone matrix remodeling, inside atherosclerosis plaques. In a second part, this work will focus on the calcification processes occurring in the aortic valve via the study of the role of leptin in valvular calcification (association study) and then in a transcriptomic analysis of VIC isolated from calcified versus non calcified aortic valves (genome-wide expression study). Our results about macrophages show that ex vivo cell surrounding vascular calcification are alternative M2 macrophages. In vitro, these cells are no able to differentiate into true osteoclasts nor to resorb calcium deposits. Concerning the role of leptin on VIC, the results show that serum leptin is higher in patients with AVS, leptin and its receptors are expressed in the aortic valves and leptin enhances the osteoblast différenciation of VIC in an Akt and ERK dependant manner. Finally, the transcriptomic analysis allowed to highlight a new pathway deregulated in VIC. This enzyme is underexpressed in VIC isolated from calcified aortic valves and in the calcified zonesAbstract4of stenosed aortic valves. Otherwise, treating VIC with the product of this enzyme in a procalcifying medium inhibits calcification processes.This thesis highlights new insights into the calcification processes occurring in atherosclerosis lesions and calcified aortic valves. These results describe that M2 macrophages cannot differentiate into osteoclasts and reverse calcification formation inside atherosclerosis plaques. In parallel, it would be interesting to study the macrophages phenotypes surrounding calcium deposits in stenosed aortic valves. Then, it will be interesting to decipher the origin of leptin and its precise mechanism of action on VIC. Finally this work points out a new metabolic pathway implicated in the development of valvular calcification which could be a medical treatment of SVA
Berthelot, Richer Maxime. "Discordance de la gradation de la sévérité de la sténose aortique : prédicteurs échocardiographiques de bénéfice de survie associé au remplacement valvulaire aortique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26037.
Full textHervault, Maxime. "Les différences liées au sexe dans la physiopathologie de la sténose valvulaire aortique : impact du phénotype valvulaire, de l’âge, et des hormones sexuelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67785.
Full textAortic valve stenosis (AS) is a degenerative pathology of the aortic valve that affects 2 to 4% of the population over 65 years of age, and 4,6% of people over 75 years of age. This pathology results in a thickening and stiffening of the aortic valve leaflets, leading to an impaired opening, and closing of the valve. The risk factors for developing AS are bicuspid valve (a congenital anomaly affecting 1 to 2% of the general population), age, dyslipidemia, and male sex. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of AS are relatively well known. Mechanisms involved in inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, survival, and cell proliferation are found. However, despite an important bibliography on the pathophysiology of AS, very little research has been done on the impact of sex and sex hormones on the progression of AS. It has recently been shown that for the same hemodynamic severity of AS, men have a higher degree of calcification and a lower proportion of fibrosis of their valve than women. Thus, the objective of this master is to study the impact of sex, valve phenotype and age on the degree of calcification and valve remodelling in human patients for whom we had their clinical characteristics as well as CTscan data and explanted valves. Results obtained shown that women, regardless of valve phenotype or age, will have a lower degree of valve calcification and a greater fibrotic remodelling of their valves than men. In addition, in bicuspid patients, young women have a less calcified aortic valve compared to older women.
Blais, Claudia. "Nouvelles avenues en regard du diagnostic et du traitement de la sténose valvulaire aortique avec bas débit cardiaque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23795/23795.pdf.
Full textShen, Mylène. "Impact du phénotype de la valve aortique et de l'âge sur la relation entre la calcification valvulaire aortique et la sévérité hémodynamique de la sténose aortique : étude PROGRESSA." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27147.
Full textAssessment of aortic stenosis (AS) by Doppler echocardiography leads to discordant severity grading in around 30% of patients. Computed tomography which measures aortic valve calcification, an indication of anatomic severity, can then be useful to corroborate AS severity. Previous studies have shown a good correlation between hemodynamic severity measured by Doppler echocardiography and anatomic severity defined by aortic valve calcification measured by computed tomography. However, the impact of aortic valve phenotype (bicuspid versus tricuspid) and age on this relation between hemodynamic severity and anatomic severity remains unknown. Yet, these two factors are highly implicated in AS development. Indeed, patients with a bicuspid aortic valve have a predisposition to develop AS, and this, generally earlier than patients with a tricuspid aortic valve. The main hypothesis of the study is that aortic valve phenotype and age influence the relationship between haemodynamic severity and aortic valve calcification of AS. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of aortic valve phenotype and age on the relationship between haemodynamic severity and aortic valve calcification of AS.
Auffret, Vincent. "Aide à la décision pour le remplacement valvulaire aortique percutané." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B035.
Full textAortic stenosis represents the most frequent acquired valvular heart disease, affecting up to 10% of octogenarians. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is booming and confronts clinicians with new issues that constitute a major field of research. Our work falls within the framework of computer-assisted medico-surgical interventions, and aims at proposing computer-assisted decision support systems. The present Thesis is composed of four parts. The first part focuses on the medical problematic surrounding TAVI, as well as the current French TAVI field on the basis of an article describing temporal trends in patients’ and procedural’s characteristics from 2010 to 2015 in the FRANCE 2 and FRANCE TAVI nationwide registries. This first part identifies medical issues that operators currently face, especially the optimal selection of TAVI candidates, and the reduction of procedural complications within the current trends towards treatment of patients with lower baseline surgical-risk profile. The second part deal with population-based studies, through standard statistical methods, to identify predictors of TAVI outcomes or selected procedural complications in order to facilitate procedural planning. Three articles compose this part. The first focuses on predictors of short-term cerebrovascular events post-TAVI, the second deals with conduction disturbances post-TAVI while the third aims at identifying predictors of global poor outcomes. We demonstrate the benefits of these analyses, which will remain necessary in the future, but also address their limitations, which support the use of new methods to store, sort, retrieve, and even augment relevant information to facilitate operators’ decision, especially at the pre-procedural step.The purpose of Part 3 is to address a case-based reasoning (CBR) decision-support system that could benefit from the identification of these prognostic factors and ultimately integrate them into a global and ergonomic interface for decision support. We have worked in the framework of the European project H2020 EurValve on the development of a CBR whose problematic is,for the time being, limited to the optimal choice of the approach, type and size of prosthesis. Our work focused on an analytical step in the design of this type of system dealing with the study and improvement of the similarity measure used to identify nearest neighbours (previously treated cases and their therapeutic "solution") of the current problem (case which clinicians are planning to treat). Finally, the last part focuses on increasing the information available for preoperative decision support through patient-specific numerical simulation. After a state of the art of the methods used in the field of TAVI, we worked on the elaboration and parameterization of a simulation model of the insertion of the stiff guidewire in the left ventricle (one of the first steps of the procedure that can condition the positioning of the prosthesis and thus the final result). In order to perform a first validation of this patient-specific simulation using preoperative 3D CT imaging, the proposed approach is based on the extraction of the region of interest in the 3D volume (segmentation) and its mapping to intraoperative 2D fluoroscopy through 3D / 2D registration. Our work on these image processing methods needed to implement and validate our simulation strategy is also discussed in this section. Finally, we present a potential clinical application of the simulation model regarding the influence of the shape of the guide and its insertion conditions on its stability and the pressure forces exerted on the left ventricle
Girerd, Nicolas. "Impact de la sévérité de la sténose aortique et de son interaction avec la disproportion patient-prothèse sur la mortalité opératoire suivant le remplacement valvulaire aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26870/26870.pdf.
Full textGuivier, Carine. "Modélisations numérique et expérimentale des interactions fluide-structure biologiques : application au diagnostic clinique de la performance valvulaire en présence d'une sténose sous-aortique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22107.pdf.
Full textThe aortic valvular performance (either of a native valve or a prosthetic valve) is currently and efficiently assessed through clinical indices. These indices are estimated by performing velocity measurements based on Doppler echocardiographic methods. But in the presence of a relevant narrowing in the left ventricle outflow tract, called subaortic stenosis (SAS), it is often difficult or impossible to adequately assess the haemodynamic performance of the aortic valve with the use of the conventional Doppler echocardiographic indices. The aim of the work is to find out why the clinical indices fail when a SAS is present, through relevant experimental and numerical models. The second aim is to implement numerical fluid-structure interaction that exists between the valve and the blood flow. A first 2D numerical fluid-structure interaction model and then a 3D one are developed with the commercial CFD software Fluent. An external program is used to manage a sub-iteration loop ensuring a strong coupling between the fluid and the structure. An experimental model, that is equivalent to the numerical one as far as the geometries and the hydrodynamic conditions are concerned is used to validate the numerical simulation. The validation is performed through the comparison of the velocity fields that are obtained numerically on the one hand and experimentally by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) on the other hand. The quantitative and qualitative comparisons between healthy (without SAS) and pathological (with SAS) cases underline the failure that exists in the clinical diagnosis of the valvular performance in the presence of a SAS: the velocities and by consequence the clinical indices are not correlated to the valvular performance. A last theorical model was developed. It is based on the modelisation of potential flow around an airfoil of finite span. Each leaflet of the prosthetic valve is assimilated to an airfoil of finite span. This last model could improve the clinical indices and consequently could bring out changes in the clinical diagnosis of the haemodynamic valvular performance
Coisne, Augustin. "Déterminants, mécanismes et conséquences de la dysfonction et du remodelage ventriculaire après remplacement valvulaire aortique : rôle des phénomènes inflammatoires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S005/document.
Full textAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease (VHD) in Western countries. It causes a chronic increase in left ventricular (LV) afterload characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), ischemia and myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction and long-term heart failure. Regardless of the severity of stenosis, several factors such as obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance seems to impact the LV remodeling in this condition. These metabolic disorders are associated with a pro-inflammatory state, including adipose tissue, involving mediators perceived in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. To date, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the only option that has shown an impact on mortality. This surgery has become less risky and leads to a significant decrease in the left ventricular mass (LVM) in the first year. Nevertheless, some factors, including the existence of a patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM), seem to influence this reverse remodeling after surgery, which may explain the persistence of myocardial fibrosis or symptoms after the surgery. We have made the following hypotheses: a) a pro-inflammatory state mediated by epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and circulating leukocytes would be associated with pathological remodeling in the natural history of AS, b) the existence of a PPM after SAVR would be associated with a poorer prognosis regardless of body weight status, c) the circadian clock would play a role in modulating the myocardial response to a hypertrophic stimulus and myocardial ischemia, d) the onset of postoperative right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, would be associated with poorer prognosis after SAVR. We therefore prospectively included patients with severe AS without LV dysfunction, or another VHD, referred to our Heart Valve Center in Lille University Hospital since 2009 for a first SAVR. Clinical and biological evaluation and pre- and postoperative (before discharge) trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed for all patients. In a sub-group of patients, biological samples (blood and TAE) were collected at the time of surgery to perform transcriptomic analysis on EAT and flow cytometry on the circulating blood cells. TTE was also performed 1-year after SAVR in a sub-group and all patients were followed-up for cardiovascular events. We found that: a) the amount of EAT was independently associated with worse LV remodeling in AS but not with the magnitude of reverse remodeling after SAVR. According to our first results, this more severe LV remodeling seems to be associated with dysregulation of genes involved in the adaptive immune response, in the regulation of the immune response and in the activation of T lymphocyte cells and also with a number of circulating leukocytes and monocytes more important, b) the indexed effective orifice area of the aortic prosthesis calculated by TTE with the unique cut-off of 0.85cm²/m² showed the best accuracy to predict major events after SAVR in lean or overweight patients but not in obese, c) perioperative myocardial injury is transcriptionally orchestrated by the circadian clock in patients undergoing SAVR, with poorer tolerance in patients operated on in the morning, d) heart failure is more frequently observed in patients operated on in the morning, unrelated to the occurrence of acute kidney injury after SAVR, e) the early and severe post-operative decline in RV longitudinal function reverses within a year and is not predictive of long-term outcomes after SAVR. Subsequently, we will continue to explore the link between adipose tissue and the natural course of LV remodeling, cardiovascular events after SAVR in particular the impact of circadian variations on the occurrence of heart failure and the RV function after SAVR
Debry, Nicolas. "Complications ischémiques et hémorragiques des procédures de réparation valvulaire aortique percutanée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS040.
Full textIschemic and haemorrhagic complications during percutaneous aortic valve interventionsPercutaneous aortic valve repair including balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and TAVI has experienced significant improvements over the past twenty years, allowing patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) to benefit from a curative treatment, mostly with a minimalist approach under local anesthesia associated with a drastic reduction of procedural complications.However, the management of specific clinical emergency situations or of high-risk patients is still poorly explored and requires an accurate assessment of the ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous procedures.In the first part of this thesis, we confirmed that some urgent complex clinical situations such as cardiogenic shock secondary to SAS, or the need for urgent extracardiac surgery in SAS patients still constitute a grey zone where the optimal treatment is unclear and requires further investigations. During cardiogenic shock or urgent extracardiac surgery, the risk of hemorrhagic and especially ischemic complications and short-term mortality remain very high. During cardiogenic shock, complications are mainly related to the timing of the BAV. When urgent extracardiac surgery is required, routine BAV does not improve the prognosis of SAS patients compared to medical treatment.In the second part of this thesis, we compared the axillary and carotid access in intermediate or high-risk patients contraindicated to transfemoral route for TAVI. These accesses have similar rates of ischemic complications and mortality, but carotid artery has more local hemorrhagic complications.The third and final part of this thesis analyse the significant incidence of microbleeds during the TAVI procedure. Their appearance seems to be related to the duration of the procedure and the lack of correction of the von Willebrand factor deficiency acquired during SAS; these lesions have no impact on the neurological evolution in the short term.Studies are underway to better define the link between the risk of cerebral hemorrhage, the vWF factor and cardiac valvular or circulatory assist device
Grenier, Delaney Jasmine. "Comparaison entre l'aire valvulaire aortique projetée et le score calcique de la valve aortique pour classifier et prédire le devenir des patients atteints d'une sténose aortique à bas débit et bas gradient - TOPAS phase III." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67068.
Full textLow flow, low gradient aortic stenosis (LF-LG-AS) may occur with depressed (classical LF-LG-AS) or with preserved (paradoxical LF-LG-AS) left ventricular ejection fraction. This entity is really difficult to characterize. Indeed, the challenge in this subgroup is to discriminate between a true-severe versus a pseudo-severe AS. It is important to determine the exact severity of AS, because patients with a true-severe AS will benefit from anaortic valve replacement and without intervention, their prognostic will be extremely poor. Unfortunately, rest and stress echocardiographic criteria recommended by the actual guidelines for patients with LF-LG-AS to assess AS severity are far from being optimal, and consequently, a substantial proportion of these patients stays misevaluated and may thus not receive the optimal therapy. Our group found that in patients with LF-LG-AS,projected aortic valve area (AVAProj), measured under rest and stress echocardiography, better predicts underlying AS severity and survival compared to traditional echocardiographic parameters. However, stress echocardiography is not possible in some patients and AS severity often remains indeterminate. The degree of aortic valve calcification, calculated by multi-detector computed tomography may be useful to confirm AS severity, but the optimal cut off values are not well established in patients with LF-LG-AS. The hypotheses related to this study are that projected aortic valve area is equivalent to the degree of aortic valve calcification to 1) evaluate AS severity and 2) to predict all-cause mortality in patients with LF-LG-AS. The general objective is to compare the projected aortic valve area and the degree of aortic valve calcification to evaluate AS severity and to predict mortality in patients with LF-LG-AS.
Pagé, Anik. "Effets des anomalies métaboliques associées à l'obésité viscérale sur la géométrie et la fonction ventriculaire gauche des patients atteints de sténose valvulaire aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27747/27747.pdf.
Full textAmahzoune, Brahim. "Mise au point d'une prothèse valvulaire implantée par voie endovasculaire : Effet du sertissage et déploiement sur les feuillets valvulaires et application aux voies pulmonaires dilatées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767945.
Full textAmahzoune, Brahim. "Mise au point d’une prothèse valvulaire implantée par voie endovasculaire : effet du sertissage et déploiement sur les feuillets valvulaires et application aux voies pulmonaires dilatées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114864/document.
Full textPercutaneous valve implantation (PVI) is a new with fast growing expansion procedure. Nevertheless, this promising technic has some reefs. Impairment of the implanted device at deployment is one of them. Valvular implantation in dilated right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is another limit of the procedure. In our work, we studied the valvular traumatism after prosthesis deployment. Subsequently, we evaluated a new device for RVOT size reduction, in order to widen PVI indications.Firstly, We compared 2 types of valved-stent (VS) (balloon expandable and self-expandable). We compared the occurrence of valvular leaflets injury after crimping and deployment of both types of prosthesis. We showed the occurrence of pericardial leaflet injuries, induced by devices crimping. Otherwise, the presence of sharp histologic lesions with balloon expandable VS, suggests a prosthesis expansion role, in genesis of valvular injuries, as well. We couldn’t show any impairment of valvular tissue mechanical properties after leaflets crimping and deployment. In another part of our work, experimental asymmetric enlargement of the RVOT with creation of severe pulmonary regurgitation, were performed in an ovine model. Size reduction of the enlarged RVOT and PVI were successfully achieved through an endovascular and right transventricular access. Valve function was satisfactory in all correctly implanted VS (one case of inversion). No migration or fractures of the size reducer or VS were seen before animal sacrifice, after 2 months follow-up. Since feasibility of RVOT enlargement and RVOT reduction has been demonstrated, a long-term study is necessary before considering a human implantation. At last but not least, deterioration on valvular leaflets after prosthesis handling is an effect to consider. Taking into account its potential impact on prosthesis durability, it requires further deep investigations
Soquet, Jérôme. "Modulation médicamenteuse des calcifications valvulaires dans un modèle ovin de xénogreffe aortique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS061.
Full textAortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent and the most lethal valvular heart disease in the elderly in high-income countries
Lavisse, Charlotte. "Implication des macrophages M1/M2 dans les pathologies vasculaires et valvulaires humaines." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S063/document.
Full textCardiovascular disease, as a result of atherosclerosis, are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and see their incidence and severity increase with the expansion of their major risk factors, such as age, obesity and diabetes. Aortic valve stenosis, valve disease most frequently encountered in Western countries mainly in the old subject, shares strong similarities with vascular atherosclerosis. Indeed, atherosclerotic plaques and valvular lesions are the site of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and calcification processes. Macrophages, from monocytes infiltrated tissue differentiation, play a key role in the development of vascular atherosclerotic lesions and their future. Their role in the inflammatory state of the lesions is now well established with recent publications that report on plastic properties of macrophages, according to their microenvironment. Two major subtypes of macrophages have been described in the atherosclerotic plaques, classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. Their respective role in thrombogenicity, proteolysis and angiogenesis processes involved in plaque instability, have been less studied. In contrast, macrophages are not disclosed in the valve, compared to the valvular interstitial cells (VIC), which are crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and the valvular function and are involved in the fibrosis and rigidity of the valvular leaflets. My thesis aims to study the roles of macrophages M1/M2 in vascular and valvular pathologies in humans. We focused on their roles in the instability of atherosclerotic plaque (haemostatic or clotting process and vascular remodeling) and valvular fibrosis and their phenotypic modulation by other cell types present in the lesions, neutrophils (PNN) in the plaque or VIC in the valve.Our results suggest that the M1 and M2 macrophages may differently modulate major pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis. In addition, M1 macrophages from diabetic patients have a deleterious phenotype that could explain the increased vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques observed in these subjects. About valvular pathology, after characterized histologically M1/M2 in human aortic valves, we have shown that the M1 macrophages are involved in the progression of fibrosis through the modulation of their secretory repertoire by VIC.This work provides new clues about the pathophysiological processes involved in vascular and valvular diseases. It focuses on the deleterious role of M1 macrophages in diabetic subjects in vascular pathology and also identifies an unknown function of M1 in the progression of fibrosis associated with "cross-talk" with VIC. It will be necessary later to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, which is expected to consider new therapeutic approaches to modulate the effect of this cell subtype in these diseases
Zenses, Anne-Sophie. "Performance hémodynamique de prothèses valvulaires aortiques percutanées et stratégies d'implantation lors de procédures "valve-in-valve" : études in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0417/document.
Full textTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk. This technique is extending to a wider population (e.g. with more complex anatomy or lower surgical risk), as well as to patients with degenerated surgical bioprostheses (BPs). However, two major concerns remain limiting. Regarding “classical TAVI”, periprosthetic leaks have been associated with increased mortality. Oversizing is used to secure the device within the aortic annulus which is often non circular. The effects of oversizing and annulus shape on the hemodynamic performance are unknown. Regarding ViV implantations, elevated post-procedural gradients are common and have been associated with increased mortality. The principal factors associated with this residual stenosis as well as with increased risk of mortality, have been BPs label size ≤ 21 mm and mode of failure by stenosis. These factors are not specific enough and there is currently no recommendation for the treatment of small BPs. Besides, the actual hemodynamic benefit associated with ViV has not been evaluated (vs. pre ViV status).The general objective of this work is to understand the interactions between the transcatheter prosthesis and the aortic annulus or the BP to be treated, which impact the hemodynamic performance, especially in complex conditions of implantation, in order to extend the indications of TAVI. In the context of ViV, the objective is to specify the factors associated with the hemodynamic performance and utility of the treatment. The final aim is to provide strategies of implantation in order to optimize the success of the procedure
Eyendja, christian. "Bases génétiques de la sténose valvulaire aortique calcifiée." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6041.
Full textAortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a valvular heart disease caused by calcification leading to incomplete opening of the aortic valve. Calcification of valve leaflets associated with aging is the most common cause of AVS. AVS pathogenesis involves lipoprotein deposits, chronic inflammation and calcification of the aortic valve leaflets. Our study aims to identify genes associated with AVS in order to better understand its mechanisms and potentially identify new therapeutic targets. We recruited 190 cases with AVS of different severity and 192 controls matched for age and sex. Then we conducted a candidate gene association study using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The candidate genes selected include: (1) those with polymorphisms putatively implicated in previous genetic association studies of AVS (APOB, APOE, ESR1, PTH and VDR); (2) those with validated associations to inflammatory diseases (IL-10, TNFAIP3) or lipid metabolism (LDLR ,PCSK9) in genome-wide association studies and, (3) genes impliated in AVS pathogenesis from studies with animal models and thought to be involved in calcification (BMP2, CCR5, CTGF, LRP5, MXS2, WNT3); tissue remodeling (CTSS, MMP9) or lipid metabolism (SMPD1). For the first two categories of genes, we tested the SNPs reported to be associated in the literature and, in the third category we used a tag-SNP approach which consists of selecting a subset of SNPs to capture variability in the target region. Finally, 81 SNPs in 18 genes were tested. We found a nominal association of BMP2 (OR=1.55, CI: 1.14 – 2.10, p=0.004) and LRP5 (OR=1.47, CI: 1.06 – 2.03, p=0.023) with presence of AVS after adjustment for coronary heart disease. The genes BMP2 and LRP5, which are known to be involved in calcification based on animal models, are associated with AVS. The result of the current study should be validated in a larger independent cohort in the near future and then, it could also be extended to the study of other genes.
Trapeaux, Juliette. "Étude d’un modèle murin de vieillissement sur la sténose valvulaire aortique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4063.
Full textAortic valve stenosis (AVS) is associated with aging and classical cardiovascular risk factors. Different animal models were recently developed to study AVS and explore new therapies, however, most of these models rely almost exclusively on hypercholesterolemia-related mechanisms for AVS development. Werner syndrome (WS) is a disorder characterized by premature aging. It was recently demonstrated that mutant mice with a deletion of the helicase domain of the Werner gene, the gene responsible for WS, showed hemodynamic profile typical of AVS. We therefore hypothesized that mice with the WrnΔhel deletion could develop AVS earlier than wild-type (WT) mice. We studied the effect of the WrnΔhel mutation by comparing the rate of progression of AVS in homozygous mutant versus WT mice. By twenty-four weeks on a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, WrnΔhel/Δhel (WrnΔhel) mice showed a stronger decrease of the aortic valve area measured by serial echocardiography than WT mice, supported by histological analyses of valve fibrosis but without developing major signs of atherosclerosis such as lipid infiltration or increased inflammation. Some features linked to endothelial dysfunction also appeared to be increased in WrnΔhel mice. Other echocardiographic measurements were typical of AVS, such as left ventricle hypertrophy in the WrnΔhel group. We also observed stronger aging properties from WrnΔhel mice bone marrow and blood analyses compared to the WT group. Consequently, this experimental aging model could be used for AVS research without the major confounding atherogenic effects of other experimental models.
Benjamim, de Oliveira Adriana. "Évolution échocardiographique et prédicteurs de progression de la sténose valvulaire aortique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11795.
Full text"Nouvelles avenues en regard du diagnostic et du traitement de la sténose valvulaire aortique avec bas débit cardiaque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23795/23795.pdf.
Full textUy, Kurunradeth. "Sélection in vivo par phage display dans un modèle de sténose valvulaire aortique chez la souris pour la découverte de nouveaux peptides ciblant la valve aortique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13647.
Full textAl, Hamwi Al Nachar Walid. "Étude de l’effet d’un mimétique de l’apoA-I sur la dysfonction diastolique du ventricule gauche." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22533.
Full textGebhard, Catherine S. "High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) Functionality in Degenerative Cardiac Disease - Novel Cardioprotective Roles of HDL and Strategies to Target HDL Dysfunction." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19326.
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