Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steep site

Academic literature on the topic 'Steep site'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Steep site"

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Hough, Susan E., Alan Yong, Jean Robert Altidor, Dieuseul Anglade, Doug Given, and Saint-Louis Mildor. "Site Characterization and Site Response in Port-au-Prince, Haiti." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3637947.

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Waveform analysis of aftershocks of the Mw7.0 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 reveals amplification of ground motions at sites within the Cul de Sac valley in which Port-au-Prince is situated. Relative to ground motions recorded at a hard-rock reference site, peak acceleration values are amplified by a factor of approximately 1.8 at sites on low-lying Mio-Pliocene deposits in central Port-au-Prince and by a factor of approximately 2.5–3 on a steep foothill ridge in the southern Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. The observed amplitude, predominant periods, variability, and polarization of amplification are consistent with predicted topographic amplification by a steep, narrow ridge. A swath of unusually high damage in this region corresponds with the extent of the ridge where high weak-motion amplifications are observed. We use ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) imagery to map local geomorphology, including characterization of both near-surface and of small-scale topographic structures that correspond to zones of inferred amplification.
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Akkemik, Ünal. "TREE RINGS OF CEDRUS LIBANI AT THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF ITS NATURAL DISTRIBUTION." IAWA Journal 24, no. 1 (2003): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000321.

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The present study was carried out taking a total of 41 increment cores from three sites located in the northern boundary of Cedrus libani and three site chronologies were constructed. Three response functions were computed and a higher correlation with climate was found in the trees on the steep slopes. The low precipitation was an important limiting factor for growth. At the valley bottom site, neither precipitation, except for December, nor temperature, except for February were a limiting factor. The radial diameters of tracheids were measured, and the tracheid numbers representing the last seven years, from 1994 to 2000, were counted. Although the radial diameters were almost similar in all sites, the numbers of tracheids were greatest at the valley bottom site and lowest at the steep slope site.
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Porbaha, A., and D. J. Goodings. "Centrifuge modeling of geotextile-reinforced steep clay slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 5 (November 6, 1996): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-096-317.

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When on-site soil is not granular, substantial cost savings can be achieved if a stable, steeply sloped, reinforced retaining system, backfilled with on-site fill can be sustituted for a vertical retaining wall with granular fill. Centrifuge modeling was used in this work to investigate the failure and prefailure behaviour of 14 reduced-scale geotextile-reinforced steep model slopes of 45, 63.4, 71.6°, backfilled with cohesive soil and constructed on either firm or rigid foundations. The overall performance of model slopes on firm foundations was found to be better than that of similar models on rigid foundations. A stability analysis, using the Bishop simplified method incorporating reinforcement, was found to be a good predictor of the behaviour of models. Key words: reinforced soil, centrifuge modeling, geotextile, retaining structure, slope stability.
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Dubé, Mathieu, Benoit Turcotte, and Brian Morse. "Steep channel freezeup processes: understanding complexity with statistical and physical models." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 9 (September 2015): 622–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0412.

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The development of ice dams in steep channels dictates water level variations and influences flow rates and habitat conditions. Despite the dominance of ice dam development in cold region gravel bed channels, practicing engineers and scientists have access to very little quantitative information describing this complex freezeup process. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a large data set on the process. The substantial variations observed in formation and melting rates from one site to the next and from one year to the next at the same site are explained with a physically-based numerical model that includes a complete heat budget applied to single step-pool sequence. The model successfully simulates the entire development of an ice dam and shows that the process depends on multiple parameters, or degrees of freedom. It also reveals that morphological characteristics greatly influence ice dam dynamics.
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Kim, S. S., D. Y. Kim, and H. Nho. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF STEEP SLOPE USING DRONE MAPPING AND TERRESTRIAL LIDAR IN KOREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-3/W1-2020 (November 18, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-81-2020.

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Abstract. Due to abnormal weather caused by climate change in recently years, natural disaster damages caused by local torrential rains have been increased over the world. Particularly, Korea is very vulnerable to landslide disasters because more than 63% of the country is mountainous and it suffers from unpredictable localized heavy rainfall during monsoon season every year. This paper presents experimental results for risk assessment of steep slope using drone mapping and terrestrial LiDAR survey. First, we acquired the aerial imagery of steep slope site by small UAV and conducted a drone mapping process with the Pix4D software. For collecting the more detailed geological data and analysing quantitatively damage of steep slopes (crack length, bedrock weathering area, etc.), we scanned steep slope area using terrestrial LiDAR system. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of public safety for outputs of UAV photogrammetry and 3D point clouds derived from terrestrial LiDAR data to analyse and assess the risk of steep slope.
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Deng, J. H., and C. F. Lee. "Displacement back analysis for a steep slope at the Three Gorges Project site." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 38, no. 2 (February 2001): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(00)00077-0.

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Ashford, Scott A., and Nicholas Sitar. "Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870030692.

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Abstract The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of a steep bluff is analyzed using generalized consistent transmitting boundaries. The results of the frequency-domain analysis of a stepped half-space subjected to incident shear waves inclined from 0° to 30° show that the motion at the crest of the slope is amplified for waves traveling into the slope and attenuated for waves traveling away from the slope, as compared to the motion in the free field behind the crest of the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice that observed for vertically propagating waves. A time-domain analysis of bluffs at Seacliff State Beach, California, is used to estimate the effect of topography using realistic conditions, taking into account wave inclination and site effects. The analysis of the site shows that although topographic amplification does in fact nearly double the amplitude of the motion in some cases, this amplification is offset by reduced site amplification and by wave splitting at material interfaces. Thus, the actual peak acceleration occurring at the crest of the slope changes little with incident angle as compared to the amplification of the free-field motion and actually decreases in many cases. Though a more general study is recommended, these results suggest that wave orientation and inclination substantially increase topographic amplification; however, it may be adequate to only account for vertically propagating waves for site response and slope stability analyses where only the magnitude of acceleration is considered.
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Nicoll, Bruce C., Alexis Achim, Shaun Mochan, and Barry A. Gardiner. "Does steep terrain influence tree stability? A field investigation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-157.

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The anchorage of 40-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees grown in a plantation on a steep (ca. 30°) slope was compared with that of trees grown on an adjacent horizontal area. There was similar gleyed mineral soil on the sloping and horizontal areas. Trees were mechanically overturned using a winch, and anchorage was quantified by measuring load, stem angle, and tree dimensions. Trees on the slope were overturned upslope, downslope, or across-slope. Critical turning moments were calculated around the tree base and the actual hinge point. Critical wind speeds required to uproot or snap trees in this stand were modelled to compare the vulnerability of trees to upslope and downslope winds. No overall difference in anchorage was found between trees grown on the horizontal and sloping parts of the site. However, for trees on the slope, those pulled upslope showed significantly more resistance to overturning for a given stem mass than those pulled downslope. Critical turning moments calculated at the hinge point were smaller than those calculated at the stem base, but differences were small and had no effect on the comparison between treatments. Critical wind speeds for uprooting were estimated to be 28 m·s–1 for an upslope wind and 24 m·s–1 for a downslope wind on this site. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to windthrow-risk modelling and forest soil conservation.
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Strub, Larissa, and Simone Mueller Loose. "The cost disadvantage of steep slope viticulture and strategies for its preservation." OENO One 55, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.4494.

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The falling fallow of steep slope vineyards is caused by cost disadvantages that have not been analysed so far. This study quantified the production costs of different types of steep slopes, identified cost drivers within viticultural processes and assessed the impact of grape yield on the production cost for vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems. It also examined under what conditions the reshaping of steep slope vineyards into transversal terraces (TTs) is economically viable. Costs were derived from a dataset of 2321 working time records for labour and machine hours from five German wine estates over three years. The costs for standard viticultural processes were compared across five site types with different mechanisation intensities by univariate analysis of variance with fixed and random effects. The net present value (NPV) of reshaping slopes into horizontal terraces was also assessed. Manual management of steep slopes was determined to be 2.6 times more costly than standard flat terrain viticulture. The cost disadvantage of steep slopes mainly stems from viticultural processes with limited mechanisability that require specialised equipment and many repetitions. Current subsidies fall short of covering the economic disadvantage of manual and rope-assisted steep slopes. Climate change-related drought and yield losses further increase the economic unsustainability of steep slopes. Under certain conditions, the transformation of manual steep slope sites into TTs can be a viable economic option. Strategies to reduce the cost disadvantage are outlined. The estimated cost benchmarks provide critical input for steep slope wine growers’ cost-based pricing policy. These benchmarks also give agricultural policy reliable indicators of the subsidies required for preserving steep slope landscapes and of the support needed to transform manual steep slope sites into TTs.
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Strub, Larissa, and Simone Mueller Loose. "The cost disadvantage of steep slope viticulture and strategies for its preservation." OENO One 55, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.4494.

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The falling fallow of steep slope vineyards is caused by cost disadvantages that have not been analysed so far. This study quantified the production costs of different types of steep slopes, identified cost drivers within viticultural processes and assessed the impact of grape yield on the production cost for vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems. It also examined under what conditions the reshaping of steep slope vineyards into transversal terraces (TTs) is economically viable. Costs were derived from a dataset of 2321 working time records for labour and machine hours from five German wine estates over three years. The costs for standard viticultural processes were compared across five site types with different mechanisation intensities by univariate analysis of variance with fixed and random effects. The net present value (NPV) of reshaping slopes into horizontal terraces was also assessed. Manual management of steep slopes was determined to be 2.6 times more costly than standard flat terrain viticulture. The cost disadvantage of steep slopes mainly stems from viticultural processes with limited mechanisability that require specialised equipment and many repetitions. Current subsidies fall short of covering the economic disadvantage of manual and rope-assisted steep slopes. Climate change-related drought and yield losses further increase the economic unsustainability of steep slopes. Under certain conditions, the transformation of manual steep slope sites into TTs can be a viable economic option. Strategies to reduce the cost disadvantage are outlined. The estimated cost benchmarks provide critical input for steep slope wine growers’ cost-based pricing policy. These benchmarks also give agricultural policy reliable indicators of the subsidies required for preserving steep slope landscapes and of the support needed to transform manual steep slope sites into TTs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steep site"

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Ameen, Noor, and Hassan Safawizadeh. "Visualizing Material on Site for Machines and Humans: A Step toward an Autonomous Construction Site." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14937.

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The construction industry has not seen the same growth in productivity as e.g. the manufacturing- and automobile industry. This is largely due to the ease of implementing automation and robotics in the latter mentioned industries. Now more than before when the urbanization rate is increasing, there is a strong need in increasing the efficiency of the construction industry. That is why the research questions of this thesis work involves finding a complementary solution that will help autonomous construction machines operate in a dynamic construction site. The aim is permeated by two visions. The first one being to have autonomous construction machines collaborating with humans in the most remote places in the world. The second vision is that multiple smaller construction machines is more beneficial. Meaning a few machine breakdowns would not halt the entire construction process. During the research work, using the design research methodology and the innovation process, data showed that a construction site is very dynamic and complex. Having a change in factors such as size of construction site, number of involved stakeholders, location of the construction site, and time phase heavily affects the complexity of the site. Throughout the three case studies there were different characteristics, but there was a pattern. All the mentioned factors played a huge role in what needs expressed by the interviewees. The more complex a site was, the more there was a need to organize the material, personnel and machine flow. Therefore, the final solution is to decentralize the information flow of the construction site. Meaning that all humans, machines and material on site is to communicate its information. The suggested solution is the usage of a tag using GPS and Wi-Fi to communicate location and the necessary information. Thus, when attaching the tag onto a material, the workers and the machine will know of its information. The analogy is that when the implementation of autonomous machines is up to pace, the sites need to be prepared with all the errors and issues that might come with it. Since the autonomous construction machines will be collaborating with humans, it means that the issues expressed today will reappear in the future. Also, since the implementation of autonomy and robotics has been slow for the construction industry, there is a clear need of a complementary solution to speed up the process. By decentralizing the construction site and implementing tags on each interesting point, the once complex and changing construction site, will turn into a fully digitized infrastructure.
ME310 2017 Volvo CE
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Gonzalez, Hernandez Ana. "Site-level resource efficiency analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284771.

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To achieve agreed targets for reducing global carbon emissions, industry must become more resource-efficient. To this end, two viable strategies exist: energy efficiency and material efficiency. Despite their inherent interdependence, industry continues to treat these two strategies as isolated pursuits, providing in the process only a partial insight into the potential of resource efficiency. To resolve this disconnect, this thesis attempts to develop and apply tools that help integrate industrial energy and material efficiency analyses. Three areas of research are explored. The first is concerned with a fundamental component of industrial performance: efficiency benchmarks. No agreed-upon metric exists to measure the efficiency with which the sector trans- forms both energy and materials - that is, how resource-efficient they are. This thesis applies exergy - a well-established method to consolidate energy and materials into a single metric - to a case study of the global steel industry in 2010. Results show that this exergy-based metric provides a suitable proxy to capture the interactions between energy and materials. By comparing energy and material efficiency options on an equal footing, this metric encourages the recovery of material by-products - an intervention excluded from traditional energy efficiency metrics. To realise resource efficiency opportunities, individual industry firms must be able to identify them at actionable time-frames and scopes. Doing this hinges on understanding resources flows through entire systems, the most detailed knowledge of which resides in control data. No academic study was found to exploit control data to construct an integrated picture of resources that is representative of real operations. In the second research area, control data is extracted to track the resource flows and efficiency of a basic oxygen steel-making plant from TataSteel. This second case study highlights the plant's material efficiency options during operations. It does so by building close-to-real-time Sankey diagrams of resource flows (measured in units of exergy) for the entire plant and its constituent processes. Without the support of effective policies the new exergy approach is unlikely to be widely adopted in industry. By collating evidence from interviews and policy documents, the third area explores why the European Union's industrial energy and emissions policies do not incentivise material efficiency. Results suggest several contributing factors, including: the inadequacy of monitored indicators; an imposed policy lock-in; and the lack of a designated industry lobby and high-level political buy-in. Policy interventions are then proposed to help integrate material efficiency into energy and climate agendas. The European Union's limited agency stresses the need for Member States and industry to drive the move to a low-carbon industry in the short-term.
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Rose, Nathan S. Loehr J. Erik. "Laboratory load tests of side shear for axially loaded piles." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6286.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. J. Erik Loehr, Thesis Supervisor. Includes bibliographical references.
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Baier, Melissa A. Wescott Daniel J. "A biological distance study of Steed-Kisker origins." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6710.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 19, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Daniel Wescott. Includes bibliographical references.
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Guzda, Mark Richard. "Development of site-specific fatigue truck weights and truck volume." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.18 Mb., p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435844.

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Lindh, Johan. "Common language effect size : A valuable step towards a more comprehensible presentation of statistical information?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166438.

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To help address the knowledge gap between science and practice this study explores the possible positive benefits of using a more pedagogical effect size estimate when presenting statistical relationships. Traditional presentation has shown limitations with major downsides being that scientific findings are misinterpreted or misunderstood even by professionals. This study explores the possible effects of the non-traditional effect size estimate Common Language Effect Size (CLES) on different training outcomes for HR professionals. This study also explores the possible effect of cognitive system preference on training outcomes. Results show no overall effect of CLES on either training outcomes or cognitive system. A positive effect of CLES on training outcome is found at the subfactor level showing a significant effect. The results can be interpreted that non-traditional effect size estimates have a limited effect on training outcomes. This small but valuable piece to bridge the gap of knowledge is discussed.
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Lopez, Paul. "In-Situ Structural Evaluation of a Steel-Concrete Composite Floor System." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/92.

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The application of steel joists to floor construction can be traced back more than 100 years to the use of a sheet steel joist in the State of New York Bank Building in 1855. Since that time various forms of joists have been developed and exploited. As a result, two general types of joists are now on the market: a) Solid web joists; b) Open web, or truss type, steel joists. In order to determine the strength, stiffness, and behavior of these structural sections under load, representative open web steel joists have been tested at the University of Miami, School of Nursing Building (building about to be demolished). Using two hydraulic jacks to apply the load at eight different locations along the strip, the assessment of the ultimate structural performance of the floor system to positive moments in correspondence of selected strips was possible. After analyzing the data collected from the sensors through the data acquisition system, it was concluded that the results obtained from the Finite Element model were consistent compared to the results obtained from the experimental approach, helping to understand better the behavior of this structural system. A recommendation for further study is enclosed.
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Wu, Chun-Hsien. "Microstructure of Flash processed Steel Characterized by Electron Backscatter Diffraction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36377.

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Flash processing is a new heat treatment process being developed to produce steel with relatively high strength and ductility. It involves rapidly heating steel sheet or strip to a temperature in the austenite range and quenching; the entire thermal cycle takes place within 15 seconds. The resulting microstructure is fine and difficult to resolve using standard metallographic techniques. In this investigation, electron backscatter diffraction was used to measure the grain size, grain orientations, and phase fractions in AISI 8620 samples flash processed to a series of different maximum temperatures. The combination of high strength with moderate ductility obtained by flash processing arises from a refined martensitic microstructure. The morphology of the microstructure depends upon the maximum processing temperature; a lower maximum temperature appears to produce a finer prior austenite grain size and an equiaxed martensite structure whereas a higher maximum processing temperature yields a more conventional lath martensite morphology.
Master of Science
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Wright, Scott Jason. "In situ molecular analysis using two-step laser mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11612.

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The work described in this thesis is concerned with the development of laser desorption laser photoionisation mass spectrometry (L2MS) towards spatially resolved analysis of real complex molecular systems. A broad overview of the main elements of the technique is presented. In addition, the experimental procedures and equipment used to carry out this work are described in some detail. Photoionisation mass spectra recorded for a series of azo dyes and porphyrin pigments revealed a marked wavelength dependence in their ionisation and fragmentation channels. The relationship between this behaviour and the known photochemical and photophysical properties of these molecules is discussed. The photochemistry of these molecules has been exploited to aid the differentiation between isomeric species. The selectivity inherent in the L2MS technique has been exploited for in situ studies of a number of real systems. Polymer additives, such as antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilisers, have been successfully detected directly from their host polymer matrices without recourse to extraction, separation or pre-concentration. The technique has been shown to be surface specific, suggesting that the long-term goal of spatially resolved analysis to monitor, for example, additive aggregation and migration to the surface are feasible. In further in situ studies, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an important class of priority pollutants, adsorbed onto aerosol particulates have been detected. Electrochemically polymerised indoles, known to form conducting films, have also been identified directly from the electrode surface. Finally, current limitations of the L2MS technique are discussed. It is suggested that many of the problems identified are inextricably linked to the laser desorption process. It is shown that energy imparted to neutral molecules during the desorption event can lead to fragmentation. This has implications for both the ionisation of high mass molecules and for quantitative studies. Possible ways of circumventing these problems are discussed. The future outlook for the technique, both for fundamental studies, and as an analytical tool, is also discussed.
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Mishani, Siamak. "Investigation of fatigue failure in composite versus steel coiled tube for application in mine site drilling." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59665.

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Composite coiled tubing could be an economic alternative to the use of steel for exploration drilling due to its potentially greater reliability and higher fatigue life. This PhD study investigated the fatigue life of steel versus composite tubes using both numerical modelling and laboratory scale tests. Results were validated by statistical analysis and confirmed that composite tubing has a higher fatigue life, and potentially opens up a new market place for composite drill pipe.
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Books on the topic "Steep site"

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Leeds, Chris. Microsoft Expression Web 2 step by step. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.

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Leeds, Chris. Microsoft Expression Web 2 step by step. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.

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Microsoft Expression Web 2 step by step. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.

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Joomla! explained: Your step-by-step guide. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2012.

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Microsoft ASP.NET 4 step by step. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 2010.

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Moroney, Laurence. Microsoft Silverlight 4 step by step. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 2010.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Building websites with ExpressionEngine 2: A step-by-step guide to ExpressionEngine : the web-publishing system used by top designers and web professionals. Birmingham [U.K.]: Packt Pub., 2010.

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Francesco, Trucchia, and ebrary Inc, eds. EZ publish 4: Enterprise web sites step-by-step. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2009.

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Pandey, S. N. Human side of Tata Steel. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 1989.

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Pandey, S. N. Social side of Tata steel. New Delhi: Tara McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steep site"

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Liu, Huiyuan, Xibin Yang, Jie Li, Mintao Ding, Congyue Song, and Yongping Li. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Concrete Block Fabricated Foundation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 263–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_23.

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AbstractThe fabricated foundation can be prefabricated in the factory, so it is easy to control the size, weight and quality of components, and it’s easy to transport since the size is controllable. The operation links such as on-site concrete pouring and maintenance, on-site formwork and steel bar binding are omitted, the opening time of foundation pit is reduced, and the construction time is greatly shortened. In this paper, two different types of concrete block fabricated foundation (Foundation-A and Foundation-B) are designed. The foundation is divided into concrete blocks one by one, which are connected by bolts and steel plates on site. In order to study the connection performance and bearing capacity of the two types of foundation, the in-situ test and the numerical simulation analysis of fabricated foundations is carried out. The research shows that both foundation types can meet the requirements of bearing capacity, but Foundation-B is better than Foundation-A in bearing performance, integrity, processing difficulty and construction difficulty.
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Lindbo, David, Randy Miles, and DeAnn Presley. "Principles of Site Evaluation." In Soil Science Step-by-Step Field Analysis, 1–10. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/2008.soilsciencestepbystep.c1.

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Hlavacek, William S., Jennifer A. Csicsery-Ronay, Lewis R. Baker, María del Carmen Ramos Álamo, Alexander Ionkov, Eshan D. Mitra, Ryan Suderman, et al. "A Step-by-Step Guide to Using BioNetFit." In Modeling Biomolecular Site Dynamics, 391–419. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9102-0_18.

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Burkinshaw, Ralph. "Step by step guides of site inspection techniques." In How to Investigate Damp, 245–84. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003003649-6.

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Milutinović, Veljko, Zoran Horvat, Marjan Mihanović, Miodrag Stefanović, Dušan Dingarac, Ivana Vujović, Sasa Mitrović, et al. "B2C: Making Your Own E-Commerce Site, Step by Step." In Mastering E-Business Infrastructure, 1–129. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0310-1_1.

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Campisi, Corrado Cesare, Lidia Molinari, Pietro Giovanni di Summa, and Corradino Campisi. "Step-by-Step Instruction: Single Site Multiple Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis Technique." In Multimodal Management of Upper and Lower Extremity Lymphedema, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93039-4_10.

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De, Manos, and Shuvranshu Kumar Rout. "An Approach for Geotechnical Site Characterization of Brown Field Site of a Steel Plant." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 73–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_8.

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Vernotte, Alexandre, Frédéric Dadeau, Franck Lebeau, Bruno Legeard, Fabien Peureux, and François Piat. "Efficient Detection of Multi-step Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities." In Information Systems Security, 358–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13841-1_20.

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Kasper, E. "SiGe/Si Superlattices: Strain Influence and Devices." In Heterostructures on Silicon: One Step Further with Silicon, 101–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0913-7_13.

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Ibrahim, Jimoh, Christoph Loch, and Kishore Sengupta. "The Ajaokuta Steel Project." In How Megaprojects Are Damaging Nigeria and How to Fix It, 187–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96474-0_11.

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AbstractThe Ajaokuta Steel Project has been a widely visible symbol of Nigerian industrialization through steel production for 50 years. At the writing of this book, at least $5 billion have been spent, and a workforce of 3000 people live and work on site to maintain it, but not one ton of steel has been produced.The project started as an ambitious industrialization project in 1971, awarded to a Soviet contractor. After delays from limited financial and manpower capacity, it was stopped by a new government in 1983 under corruption charges and lay fallow for 17 years. In 2000, civilian President Obasanjo restarted the project that he had initiated in 1971 as military president, now in a public–private partnership (PPP) scheme. But this again fell apart because of corruption charges and then lawsuits from the firm that had purchased the licence and did not want to be pushed out. Today, the government is looking for a new private partner. The case also discusses the fundamental question of whether the idea of industrialization through steel (rather than other technologies) is still sufficiently relevant to justify the reviving of equipment that was designed 40 years ago.
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Conference papers on the topic "Steep site"

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Leung, Simon, and Elton M. Y. Ko. "Active Site Supervision to Enhance Drilling & Blasting." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.18.

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In Hong Kong, the steep hilly terrain is a significant constraint on surface development but provides good opportunities for underground rock caverns. The systematic use of rock caverns will be the long-termed options to increase the land supply, and drill-and-blast is still the most commonly adopted excavation method in underground. However, the technology adopted in site supervision of drill-and-blast excavation has no significant advancement along the time-tunnel of development in Hong Kong. The checking on the as-built blast holes is not comprehensive enough as only the layout on the blast face and the depth of only reachable blast holes can be checked. The alignment of blast holes behind the blast face is unknown, which is however important. In addition, no qualitative and quantitative review on the geological condition ahead of the blast face can be carried out continuously while drilling.
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Genoa, Paul H. "Rationale for Independent Site Clean-Up and Radiological Clearance Standards." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4930.

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Over the past few years, the U.S. nuclear power industry has gained substantial experience and appreciation of the technical complexity and rigor required to meet a performance-based site clean-up standard. Five large power reactors and several smaller ones are now well along the path to license termination. They have not been on this journey alone. There has been a steep learning curve for all stakeholders involved in the process including state and federal radiation regulators, legislators, and the public. We have all learned that the translation of results from a post remediation survey interpreted through pathway modeling for comparison with a dose-based clean-up standard is for many a leap of faith. Our regulator has an understandable desire to address this uncertainty by demanding conservative analysis at each turn. As a result, it is extremely demanding to demonstrate that a clean-up standard in the 0.15–0.25 mSv/a range has been met. It is not likely that a standard in the 10 μSv/a level, typically associated with radiological clearance standards, can be practically demonstrated while still meeting the current expectations of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for technical rigor.
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Ishimori, Yuu. "Radon Impact at a Remediated Uranium Mine Site in Japan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40092.

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This paper mainly illustrates the radon impact of the closed uranium mine site remediated in 2007. The site remediated is the waste rock site located on the steep slope of a hill about 1.5 km upstream from a residential area along a main ravine. Major remedial action was to cover these waste rock yards with weathering granite soil. The radon flux density after remediation was intended to be 0.1 Bqm−2s−1 in consideration with the natural background level around Ningyo-toge because there is no value of radon flux density regulated in Japan. Our action decreased the radon concentration in the site to natural background level, approximately from 10 to 40 Bqm−3, although relatively high concentration in excess of 100 Bqm−3 was observed before remediation. On the other hand, our action did not decrease the radon concentrations around the site in general. This fact proved that the limited source such as waste rocks affected the radon concentrations at neighboring area only. The similar tendencies were also observed in other environmental data such as radon progeny concentrations. In conclusion, these findings proved that our remedial action was successful against radon. This fact will lead to more reasonable action plans for other closed mine sites.
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Hansen, Hans Fabricius, Iris Pernille Lohmann, Jacob Tornfeldt Sørensen, and Flemming Schlütter. "A Model for Long-Term Distribution of Wave Induced Loads in Steep and Breaking Shallow Water Waves." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84114.

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A new approach to determine the design wave load on bottom-fixed structures in shallow water breaking waves is presented here. The method takes into account the effects that wave breaking has on both the wave height distribution and the wave induced loads on the structure. The loads on offshore wind turbine foundations in irregular seas with a significant amount of wave breaking are modeled in a physical wave tank. The loads are related to wave characteristics as steepness and Ursell number, and a non-linear transfer function between wave height/period and wave load is established. Characteristic historical load events are now established by combining the transfer function with a record of the wave climate at the site. The latter is taken from a hindcast database, but could also come from site measurements. The long-term distribution of the load is estimated by adopting traditional extreme value analysis techniques to the historical characteristic loads.
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García García, Hugo Alberto, Rafael Prieto, and Samuel Abello. "Evaluation and Monitoring of Geotechnical Hazards Using UAV Based Digital Photogrammetry." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2509.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones, have become a very reliable and convenient tool to many engineering applications. Pipeline corridors are often exposed to geotechnical risk that may interrupt proper service. The risk sources vary, and range from steep hills to many site conditions such as ancient landslides, changes on phreatic water level, creeping soils, or geomorphological changes on the environment. Knowing and understanding the level of risk is highly dependent on identifying any geotechnical hazard in due time, before it materializes. Pipeline corridors are measured in kilometers, and the area that may adversely affect the corridor can vary from a few meters to several hundred on each side of the corridor. This paper presents an application of UAV based digital photogrammetry to evaluate and monitor the hazard and evolution of the site PK 469 OCENSA km 149 ODC. The site is maintained by Oleoducto Central S.A. (OCENSA), and the paper describes the different geotechnical studies and works carried out to maintain uninterrupted service of the pipeline. The paper includes technical information supporting the processing and characteristics of the photogrammetry based evaluation and monitoring method, to highlight the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
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Testa, Maria Pia. "Between landscape and fortified architecture: traces and memory of rural civilization in the territory of Pesche in Molise." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14314.

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The small village of Pesche in Molise extends along the slopes of Monte San Marco, in a perfect symbiosis between architecture and nature. Pesche’s origins date back already between the 5th and 6th century, when the steep natural slope was chosen as a place for the construction of a safe village, consisting of many small houses side by side and built using local limestone. Its position, guarding the Isernia valley, characterized at the top by the ruins of the castle-enclosure, supports the idea that Pesche may have played a dominant role in the passage along the ancient Pescasseroli-Candela sheep track. The castle-enclosure itself is evidence of the traditional medieval building site, but also of a rural civilization which until the beginning of the 20th century probably continued to live in these places, used as houses, stables and barns. This contribution focuses on the architectural and material characteristics of the buildings in the territory of Pesche, which, despite the current state of decay and neglect, are evidence of the use of local materials and the use of construction techniques that have characterized the traditional Molise building site
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Steensma, Gilein J., Mark A. Kappelhoff, Duncan A. McInnis, and Eric Gilson. "Pipeline Route Assessment at River Crossings and in Steep Terrain: Geophysical, Hydrologic and Geotechnical Characterization." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27423.

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Pipeline river crossings and sections of pipeline routes where steep terrain requires directionally drilled borings have the highest chance of being successfully designed and constructed if subsurface geological conditions are understood. In this paper we present results of geophysical surveys conducted to characterize the subsurface at two pipeline river crossings and at a site where steep topography would likely require directional boring below the face of a steep hillside. The objective is to help assess and minimize the risk in engineering design in difficult terrain by analyzing subsurface geology from geophysical data and vertical geotechnical borings, and evaluating the dynamic behavior of the river itself through hydrologic analysis. Risk factors can be assigned on the basis of lithology and environmental considerations relating to the level of potential impact in different parts of the crossing. The laterally heterogeneous nature of river channels, consisting of stacked paleochannels and floodplains could require a significant number of vertical geotechnical borings for adequate characterization of the entire crossing. We find that a combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), seismic refraction tomography (SRT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data can efficiently provide us with an understanding of electrical and mechanical properties from which lateral variations and depth extent of lithology along the proposed boring can be inferred. Confirmatory vertical geotechnical borings allow us to verify our interpretation at two locations. Geophysical data are used to laterally extrapolate the lithologic interpretation and define, in conjunction with surface water hydrologic considerations, the minimum depth of directionally drilled borings and optimum locations of ingress/egress points. The investment in a geological assessment study to understand subsurface conditions prior to beginning horizontal boring operations is essential to mitigate risk and ultimately may save money. In the case of steep terrain, geophysical data can provide valuable information on the vertical and lateral variations in subsurface properties in areas where it would be impossible to safely drill vertical borings. Our last case history is an example of the geological information that can be efficiently inferred from geophysical surveys conducted in steep terrain.
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van Dyck, Stephen, and Scott Crawford. "Grand Avenue Traverse: Uniting Accessibility, Utilities and Economy Into a New Experience." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.181.

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<p>The Grand Avenue Pedestrian Bridge spans 85m from a park and residential neighborhood to a developing waterfront district that is 24m below. The bridge carries sewer, storm, and water utilities over rail lines and a highway while passing under power lines. The bridge’s east landing is on a landslide prone steep slope. On the west the bridge lands on a new concrete stair and elevator tower that rests on soil that is regularly infil- trated with seawater.</p><p>The design concept uses the constraints of the project to create a unique moment that is both utilitarian and unexpected. By sloping the truss to drop 4.8% towards the west, a set of accessible ramps are created on the top, side, and interior of a box-truss style bridge. Traversing 7m of elevation through accessible paths allowed the design team to minimize the height of the elevator and therefore moment into the foundations, critical for a site that is seismically active and located in seawater infiltrated soil.</p><p>Material choices for the bridge and throw barrier were based on considerations of durability and mainte- nance. Weathering steel is used for the primary truss members, painted steel for members located under the deck, and bare aluminum panels with a custom CNC cut perforation form the guardrail and throw barrier. All of the elements come together as a unified experience.</p>
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Lee, Petra, Collette Tse, Francis Lee, Geoffrey Pook, and Kevin Styles. "Digital Classification of Anthropogenic Features for Natural Terrain Hazard Assessment in the Quasi-natural Heritage Landscape of the Lin Ma Hang Lead Mine." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.29.

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Much of the Hong Kong landscape consists of densely vegetated steep hillside and may give the impression of natural terrain untouched by man-made activities. However, much evidence of old human activities occurs in our vegetated landscape. The old lead mine workings in the Lin Ma Hang district of the northeast New Territories form a significant industrial heritage site now hidden by dense vegetation. Extensive old anthropogenic activities are seen in site reconnaissance. Most of the man-made features were formed during the mining period (1860-1960) and the WWII (1941-45) occupation of the mine site. Some features have more obscure origins associated with cycles of agricultural activity and settlement of more than 1000 years. The unique and diverse nature of the Lin Ma Hang hillsides provides an ideal case study to demonstrate the benefits of systematic assessment of anthropogenic features in Natural Terrain Hazard Assessment. Some of these man-made features may create impacts as potential adverse Hillside Pocket scenarios and require inventory and classification during natural terrain hazard and other geotechnical studies (Ho & Roberts, 2016). Over the past decade, the application of airborne LiDAR data for site characterization has grown significantly, in part due to advances in handling of very large data sets. Through 3D topographic models using LiDAR in combination with visual data, landforms are revealed and terrain classification is enhanced allowing identification of anthropogenic features of varying scale and origin within their geomorphological setting. The authors discuss the application of a digitally aided approach for terrain mapping with emphasis on the identification and classification of anthropogenic features based on size, type, origin, material, extent and location. These are classified within a Hong Kong-based framework of an 80 class classification following from Styles & Law (2012).
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Brandstötter, Rudolf. "The "Piccard Bridge" in Obergurgl, Austria." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.102.

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<p>The new bridge in the rearmost Ötztal is not a touristic attraction, it is a simple necessity as the existing route over the glacier had become more and more dangerous and complicated to walk. The new bridge with a span of 137.20 m stays at a height of around 82 m over the glacier stream of the Gurgler Ferner. Since its construction in spring 2017, the bridge serves as a new connection between the Ramolhaus and the Langtalereckhütte. The remoteness of the construction site, rapidly changing weather conditions at 2500 m above sea level and the adversity in accessibility due to the valley slopes, which were up to 80° steep, brought along high demands for design and construction of the bridge.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Steep site"

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Corum, Zachary, Ethan Cheng, Stanford Gibson, and Travis Dahl. Optimization of reach-scale gravel nourishment on the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam, King County, Washington. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43887.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, nourishes gravel downstream of Howard Hanson Dam (HHD) on the Green River in Washington State. The study team developed numerical models to support the ongoing salmonid habitat improvement mission downstream of HHD. Recent advancements in computing and numerical modeling software make long-term simulations in steep, gravel, cobble, and boulder river environments cost effective. The team calibrated mobile-bed, sediment-transport models for the pre-dam and post-dam periods. The modeling explored geomorphic responses to flow and sediment regime changes associated with HHD construction and operation. The team found that pre-dam conditions were significantly more dynamic than post-dam conditions and may have had lower spawning habitat quality in the project vicinity. The team applied the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model to the site and then calibrated to the post-dam gravel augmentation period. The team implemented a new hiding routine in HEC-RAS that improved the simulated grain size trends but underestimated coarse sediment transport. Models without the hiding function overestimated grain size but matched bed elevations and mass flux very well. Decade-long simulations of four future gravel nourishment conditions showed continued sediment storage in the reach. The storage rate was sensitive to nourishment mass and grain size.
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Shelley, John, Christopher Haring, and Nathan Chrisman. Evaluation of cedar tree revetments for bank stabilization at the Locust Creek Conservation Area, Missouri : quantifying bank erosion volumes from preproject to postfailure. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46144.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers Regional Sediment Management (RSM) program funded research to assess the longevity and effectiveness of cedar tree revetments for sediment reduction. Between 1988 and 1997, the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) constructed multiple cedar tree revetments, plantings, and a grade-control structure at an experimental stream management area on Locust Creek within the Locust Creek Conservation Area (LCCA). For the first few years, MDC also replaced missing trees as needed. MDC monitored these sites with photographs and cross sections until 2004. This study evaluated bank stability on Locust Creek from 1970 to 2019 using aerial imagery, lidar, ground surveys, and a December 2019 site visit to estimate the areal change in streambanks and the volume of sediment eroded over the years. Based on their dates of construction, the project compared preproject, with-project, and postfailure conditions at each site. The project included cedar tree revetments, other hardwood revetments, plantings, and a grade-control structure. This research found a 50% to 64% reduction in erosion for approximately 14 years. As of December 2019, all tree revetments had failed, and banks were bare and steep. The grade-control structure remained intact and continued to stabilize bed and banks immediately upstream.
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Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.

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The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.
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Allegretto, Sylvia A., and Dave Graham-Squire. Monopsony in Professional Labor Markets: Hospital System Concentration and Nurse Wages. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp197.

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Rolling waves of consolidation have significantly decreased the number of hospital systems in the U.S. potentially affecting industry quality, prices, efficiency, wages and more. This research concerns the growth in hospital system consolidation in local labor markets and its effect on registered nurse wages. We first use a nonparametric preprocessing data step via matching methods to define MSA-specific samples of workers analogous to nurses outside of the hospital sector. This step enables an accounting of heterogeneous MSA-specific baseline wage growth, and yields a standardized measure of nurse wage growth across MSAs used to set up a multi-site quasi-experiment. We then run a parsimonious linear model; market size matters, for every 0.1 increase in consolidation in smaller-MSAs, real hourly nurse wage growth decreased by $0.70 (p-value of 0.038). Though not the primary aim of this study, a secondary finding is that real hourly wages for nurses grew less than that of comparable workers by $4.08.
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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.

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Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Niazi, Fawad. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 1: CPT Interpretation—Estimation of Soil Properties. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317346.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, and Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 2: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Methods. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317347.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, and Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 3: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Example Problems. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317348.

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This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Karna, Shravya, and Alex Konstantatos. Methadone and Buprenorphine for Management of Acute Postoperative Pain. World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28923/atotw.472.

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Methadone and buprenorphine have shown to decrease total opioid requirements and attenuate side effects post operatively. Methadone’s pharmacokinetics properties make it a potent analgesic whilst sublingual and transdermal buprenorphine is an excellent step-down to parenteral analgesia.
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