Academic literature on the topic 'STEEP ROAD'

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Journal articles on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Sessions, John, John C. Balcom, and Kevin Boston. "Road Location and Construction Practices: Effects on Landslide Frequency and Size in the Oregon Coast Range." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/2.4.119.

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Abstract The effects of road location and construction practices on landslide frequency and size were studied in a 300,000-ac area of the Oregon Coast Range. Roads were divided into two groups. Roads in Group I had been built using a combination of steep road grades and full-bench, endhaul construction to minimize slide risk. Group II roads were built using location and construction practices typical of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Using steep road grades to maintain ridgetop locations and full-bench end-haul construction did reduce landslide frequency and size on Group I, as compared to Group II, roads. The marginal cost of reducing slide volumes/road-mile from the volumes found on Group II roads to the volumes found on Group I roads was six times greater in more plastic than in less plastic soils when roads crossed slopes of equal steepness. When roads crossed slopes with a sideslope steeper than 50%, the estimated cost of reducing the volume/road-mile of slide from Group II to Group I levels ranged from $81/yd³ ($154/ac) to over $12,000/yd³ ($3675/ac), depending on landtype, sideslope, and endhaul distance. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):119-124, October 1987.
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Friedlingstein, Pierre. "A steep road to climate stabilization." Nature 451, no. 7176 (January 2008): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06593.

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Bont, Leo. "Entwurf eines optimalen Seillinienlayouts für die Holzernte in steilem Gelände." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0321.

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Designing an optimal cable road layout for harvesting in steep terrain Cable-based technologies are a backbone when designing harvesting systems for steep slopes. However, layout and placement of the cable roads are challenging. To guarantee that harvesting costs are minimized and that the process has the least environmental impact on the remaining forest, one must carefully locate both cable towers and cable roads. Our study objectives were to 1) develop an approach of mixed integer linear programming for planning an optimal harvesting and cable road layout and 2) test this methodology on a specific site, then observe its behaviour with single- and multi-objective alternatives and evaluate its practicality. In doing so, we determined that fitting the model to terrain units up to 35 ha provided the best results and within a reasonable timeframe. The approach presented here is the first to consider both environmental and economic objectives, and can determine the optimal cable road layout within the shortest time.
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Septiawan, Muhammad, Illy Yanti, and Sigit Hartono. "Coals transportation's steep route to realization." Sustainability (STPP) Theory, Practice and Policy 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/sdgs.v1i1.905.

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This research is motivated by the unrealized specific road for transporting coal mining products in Jambi Province which has been delayed for 9 years. This study uses a qualitative research approach. The data sources used in the study were selected by purposive sampling method. The results showed that the construction of a specific road for coal transportation in Jambi Province had not yet had an impact on people's lives. These impacts are economic, social and road safety impacts. The unrealized policy is caused by several factors including the budget, political pressure, the complexity of licensing, and the dynamics of land acquisition.
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Papa, Ivica, Rodolfo Picchio, Mihael Lovrinčević, David Janeš, Tibor Pentek, Dino Validžić, Rachele Venanzi, and Andreja Đuka. "Factors Affecting Earthwork Volume in Forest Road Construction on Steep Terrain." Land 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020400.

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Forest roads, as a prerequisite for high-quality forest management, should be optimally distributed in order to avoid negative environmental impacts and to best fulfill their task. In the design phase of forest roads, it is necessary to know which factors influence most the volume of earthworks to enable the designer to best adapt to the terrain requirements. In this paper the impact of an average cross terrain slope and carriageway value of a forest road on cut and fill volume is analyzed. The research was carried out in the area of the management unit Trovrh–Kik, characterized by irregular terrain with slopes ranging between 27 and 58%, and on some micro locations even up to 84%. On eight forest roads, based on standard cross-section profiles, the influence of the average cross terrain slope and carriageway value (difference between ground level and grade level) of the forest road on the cut and fill volume per 1 m of the forest road route was analyzed. The obtained coefficients of determination indicate a strong correlation between the cut volume and carriageway value (R2 = 0.6841), and a moderate correlation between the fill volume and carriageway value (R2 = 0.5619). Unlike the influence of carriageway value on the cut and fill volume, the correlation between the cross terrain slope and fill volume is weak (R2 = 0.2076) or moderate in the case of the cut volume (R2 = 0.3167). On the basis of the analyzed standard cross-section profiles, it was determined that the carriageway value was 0.051 m, where the difference between the cut and fill volume was minimum and the average actual carriageway value was determined to be −0.09 m. It can be concluded that, on terrains with large and varying slopes, there is no unique model or terrain factor that could describe the earthworks required in the construction of a forest road. However, it is beyond doubt that the increase in the carriageway value and cross terrain slope caused the increase in the aforementioned volumes.
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Fan, Liang, and Zhi Xiang Zhou. "Lattice Slope Foundation-Cantilever Structure Complex Road for the Roadway Widening in Steep-Sloped Mountainous Areas." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3272.

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In view of good geological condition non-cliff side slope road widening or new road construction, after contrasting and analyzing the characteristics of widening pattern of roads that have been built, lattice slope foundation cantilever structure complex road is proposed. Using slope foundation column which is casted depending on hillside, its top connect with deck of bridge supporting on the cantilever beam ,thus forms the flank roadway structure. This complex road can avoid deep-digging and high filling, lower construction cost.The construction method is simple, slope is also stable. Moreover, in the course of road widening, vehicle traffic will basically not be affected. In this paper, the method of construction technology, working principles, engineering application and economic, technical efficiency and environmental effectiveness have been analyzed, it shows that in road widening under appropriate condition, this method is safe and reliable, can significantly simplify the process, lower cost, and also maximize the protection of natural ecological environment.
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Naufal, M. H., and H. Setiawan. "Characteristics of Engineering Geology in Talegong Road, Talegong, Garut, West Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012036.

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Abstract Talegong road, Garut, West Java, is provincial road with a length of 7 kilometers that connects Garut and Bandung. The road segment KM 2.3 – KM 7 is located between the steep slope of high hills and has potential for landslide. To find out the landslide potential, determining the characteristics of geology and engineering geology at this road segment are needed. The methods used in this research are engineering geology mapping (geomorphology, lithology, structural geology and rock mass quality) and laboratory analyses of soil and rock properties index, shear strength test, petrographic analysis and uniaxial compressive strength test. The results of geological mapping show the aspect geomorphological in the area consists of high hills with rather steep to very steep slopes. Lithological, the area consists of aphanitic andesite and porphyritic andesite. The area is dominated by Northeast – Southeast stress regime. In term of rock mass quality, the study area consists of three class with value in Rock Mass Rating classification, which are good rock, fair rock, poor rock and no value rock (soil). The study area is divided into three units in the engineering geological map: (1) unit A has fair – good rock (II – III) with rather steep - very steep slope with low landslide potential, (2) unit B has fair rock (III) with steep – very steep slope with medium landslide potential, and (3) unit C has poor – no value rock or soil (IV – 0) with a very steep slope with high landslide potential.
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Volkov, Vladimir, Evgenii Lebedev, and Elena Nabatnikova. "THE ABILITY OF THE MAIN ROAD TRAIN TO OVERCOME STEEP ROAD CLIMBS." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2022-56-62.

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The analysis of changes in the dynamic characteristics of the transport operation of a trunk road train in road conditions with overcoming sections of obstructed traffic characterized by the presence of steep ascents is considered. The solution of the problem under consideration is presented in the variants of determining the maximum angle of elevation of the road that can be overcome by a road train with the specified operational characteristics and the cost of engine power spent on overcoming these road sections.
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Hernandez-Juarez, Daniel, Lukas Schneider, Pau Cebrian, Antonio Espinosa, David Vazquez, Antonio M. López, Uwe Franke, Marc Pollefeys, and Juan C. Moure. "Slanted Stixels: A Way to Represent Steep Streets." International Journal of Computer Vision 127, no. 11-12 (September 14, 2019): 1643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01226-9.

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Abstract This work presents and evaluates a novel compact scene representation based on Stixels that infers geometric and semantic information. Our approach overcomes the previous rather restrictive geometric assumptions for Stixels by introducing a novel depth model to account for non-flat roads and slanted objects. Both semantic and depth cues are used jointly to infer the scene representation in a sound global energy minimization formulation. Furthermore, a novel approximation scheme is introduced in order to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the Stixel algorithm, and then achieve real-time computation capabilities. The idea is to first perform an over-segmentation of the image, discarding the unlikely Stixel cuts, and apply the algorithm only on the remaining Stixel cuts. This work presents a novel over-segmentation strategy based on a fully convolutional network, which outperforms an approach based on using local extrema of the disparity map. We evaluate the proposed methods in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time on four publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach maintains accuracy on flat road scene datasets while improving substantially on a novel non-flat road dataset.
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Sessions, John, Jeff Wimer, Forrest Costales, and Michael G. Wing. "Engineering Considerations in Road Assessment for Biomass Operations in Steep Terrain." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.3.144.

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Abstract With the increasing interest in the use of biomass for energy, conventional and alternative delivery systems are being evaluated for transporting biomass generated from harvest residuals on steep terrain in the Pacific Northwest. Conventional delivery systems include chipping or grinding of harvest residues (comminution) at the landing or a satellite yard in the forest and transporting the material with chip trucks to a power facility. To address some of the challenges of conventional methods of transporting biomass in steep terrain, chip van manufacturers have been making trailer modifications to increase vehicle maneuverability on forest roads. To evaluate the proper van configurations for implementing a successful biomass transportation system, planners should understand the limitations of the various chip van options. We present guidelines for designing new roads and evaluating existing road systems for chip truck access to forest residuals, as well as some practical field assessment procedures to evaluate accessibility on existing roads.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Partington, Mark. "The effectiveness of polyacrylamide in providing short-term erosion control on steep slopes /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80348.

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A study was conducted to determine if polyacrylamide (PAM) could be utilized as a best management practice to reduce soil erosion on forest road embankments. Experiments involving two different PAM application rates (10 and 20 kg/ha) were conducted using natural rainfall in 2001 and 2002 and indoor rainfall simulation. In 2001, PAM was combined with a broadcast application of grass seed.
The study results suggest that PAM provided no statistically significant erosion control after natural rainfall on a loam soil. In the rainfall simulation experiments PAM applied at both 10 and 20 kg/ha significantly reduced soil erosion (by 75 and 77%) and the turbidity of runoff water (by 99%). PAM application at 10 kg/ha significantly increased grass densities (by 109%) compared with the control plots. However, PAM applied at 20 kg/ha provided no significant increase in grass density compared with the control.
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Weikle, Belinda M. "Preliminary investigation of energy dissipation at culvert outlets using a riprap step." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1280.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 168 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-167).
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Mäkikyrö, M. (Marko). "Converting raw materials into the products–Road base material stabilized with slag-based binders." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514272528.

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Abstract A procedure is defined for commercializing slags arising as by-products of steelmaking, and this is used to develop certain products. The outcome of the present work comprised three products or groups of products: 1) slag-based binding agents, 2) a road structure improved by means of stabilization with such binding agents, and 3) a procedure for designing stabilized structures. The commercialization procedure was drawn up by examining the technical properties of the initial materials, excluding environmental acceptability and the mechanisms of their chemical reactions. The research proceeded in stages, of which the first was a reconsideration of the results presented in the author's licentiate thesis concerning factors affecting the stabilization of road construction aggregates with blast-furnace slag-based binding agents and their significance. This was followed by a series of experiments designed to test the validity of these results. At the third stage the selection of slag-based binding agents was extended to include LD steel slag products, while the final stage consisted of the implementation of a set of test structures and associated preliminary experiments and monitoring measurements. The binding properties of three blast-furnace slag products and three LD steel slag products, used separately or in various combinations, were examined in the course of this work, taking cement as a reference material. Materials were then eliminated as the research proceeded, either on account of their poor binding properties or on economic grounds. The final construction experiments were performed with three combinations: cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag, LD steel slag-activated granulated blast-furnace slag and a mixture of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and cement. The actual novel product among the slag-based binding agents to be introduced here is LD steel slag-activated granulated blast-furnace slag, which was found to be similar in its technical properties to cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag. Structural layers stabilized with these two binding agents showed very similar bearing capacities, although the former did not reach the same compression strengths at an age of 91 days. The reasons for these similarities lay in a larger amount of binding agent used when activated with LD steel slag and the greater thickness of the stabilized layer, factors which both tended to compensate for the poorer compression strength. The new information gained on the properties of cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag and the mixture of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and cement opens up fresh opportunities for selecting binding agents and designing road structures. Formulae were developed here for predicting the uniaxial compression strength at 91 days, used as a stabilization criterion, from the value for a sample taken at 28 days, a technique which will speed up the assessment of stabilization results, especially when using slowly reacting slag-based binding agents.
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Zia, Seiar Ahmad. "The effect of different road load implementation strategies on fuel economy of USPS step vans." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10375.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 92 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).
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Knobel, Christian. "Optimal control allocation for road vehicle dynamics using wheel steer angles, brake, drive torques camber angles." Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992593425/04.

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Mendroková, Magda. "Most v obci Návsí přes řeku Olši." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226070.

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The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of steel arched bridge with the semi through bridge deck placed on the third-class road. This steel structure is drawn up to bridge water barrier – the river Olše in Návsí. The distance between axes lay on abutments is 48,5 meters. The bridge´s supporting structure consists of two steel arches angled towards each other and fastened to the foundation blocks. The supporting beam of the bridge deck is tied to the arch by tie-rods. The tie-rods are designed to the V-shaped system.
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Winsteen, Albin Moran, and Haleh Nezamabadi. "One step further on the road to cultural diversity : - Implementing ethnic diversity among managers in Ericsson." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6455.

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The aim of this study is to find out what keeps the foreign workers in Ericsson from achieving leading roles in the organization. The low presentation of the immigrants in Ericsson’s management team compared to the proportion of immigrants in lower positions, suggests that there might be a glass ceiling in the organization. By examining the existing obstacles that non-Swedish employees at Ericsson face in getting into the management team, we can come up with solutions that can make it easier to overcome these barriers. In order to find out these difficulties, fourteen interviews have been conducted with four groups of respondents: Immigrant managers, Immigrant employees, Swedish managers and Swedish employees. The results of these qualitative interviews are then analyzed to reach to a conclusion and the possible solutions to resolve these difficulties. These different groups have given different perspectives in looking at this complex phenomenon. We asked about the factors that were assumed to be the main problems such as: society’s culture, deficiency in recognition of competence, lack of contact network, lack of communication skills, internal factors and finally the organizational factors. The results proved that all these factors can affect the possibilities for career advancement for immigrant employees in Ericsson in some degree, but the most visible factors were the culture, lack of contact network, and internal factors. Therefore the organization can resolve these difficulties by focusing on increasing diversity awareness and training, helping the foreign employees form contacts using various strategies.

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Bradley, David. "Occupational health and safety in the Scottish steel industry, c.1930-1988 : the road to 'its own wee empire'." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570877.

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Occupational health history is becoming an increasingly vibrant field of study, and this thesis will contribute to this subject by analysing one of the major industries in the twentieth-century Scottish economy. The history of the Scottish steel industry has been relatively neglected since its radical contraction in the 1980s and early 1990s, and this thesis adds to the attempts to address this. Utilising a number of sources, including trade union papers and oral testimony, this thesis engages with health and safety concepts pertaining to work in the steel industry. Significantly, it has been discovered that cultures of health and safety among workers were established relatively early on. It will be seen that the levels of commitment to industry-specific health and safety standards on the part of workers and trade unions, and employers and management, varied. This will then link in to the significance of government legislation in the 1970s. While employer initiatives of the privatised era were geared towards improving the workplace - such as the Craig War Memorial Home - they were highly localised in character. This lack of an 'across the board' experience therefore makes the health and safety legislation of the 1970s all the more significant. An attempt to assess the extent to which regulation of health and safety in the workplace had distinctively 'Scottish' features has also been made, and it will be seen that the locations of the Scottish plants and the changing nature of ownership of the industry had their own parts to play in the development of work culture. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that a stoic, fatalistic work culture was prevalent in the industry, and that a 'machismo' element was often absent. These themes, it will be seen, combined to create an atmosphere in which workers and, indeed, management - many of whom were drawn from local communities - were receptive to improvements in occupational health and safety practices. Despite varied experiences across plants and sectors of the steel industry, health and safety has become of increasing importance to the entirety of the workforce. The result of this is that procedures have developed from being left largely to 2 individual discretion, to the point where work in steel is dictated by the likely impact of tasks on oneself and others. It is now 'its own wee empire.' 3
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Kuthy-Saenger, Juan Arturo. "Comparison study of the savings between a single and a double step toll systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1899.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 48 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).
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Campbell, Peter Cameron. "Application of microstructural engineering to the controlled cooling of steel wire rod." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29065.

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The concept of microstractural engineering has been applied to Stelmor cooling of steel wire rod. The Stelmor process is situated immediately following the rod mill and utilizes forced air to cool steel rod from the rolling temperature, through austenite transformation, down to a temperature suitable for handling. A mathematical model has been developed for the prediction of the mechanical properties of the steel rod as a function of cooling parameters in the process and steel composition. The model is based on one-dimensional heat conduction within the rod and is limited to plain-carbon eutectoid and hypoeutectoid steels. Phase transformation kinetics in the model, for both the austenite-ferrite and austenite-pearlite reactions, have been characterized through the use of the Avrami equation. A combination of experimental and literature data have been employed for the development of equations to quantitatively predict the microstructure formed in the steel rod after transformation. A modified Gladman equation was adopted for the strength predictions. Validation of the model has been achieved with controlled cooling experiments conducted in the laboratory. The experiments were designed to simulate the Stelmor process, involving a range of steel grades, rod diameters and air velocities. Thermal histories in steel rod samples during forced air cooling were acquired by mounting a thermocouple at the centreline of each rod. After cooling, the rod samples were subjected to microstructural examination and mechanical testing. Results from this investigation were utilized to develop relationships among steel composition, thermal history and ferrite fraction, ferrite grain diameter and pearlite interlamellar spacing. The laboratory data was also utilized to modify the strength predictions of the Gladman equation. In order to obtain information on cooling conditions in an industrial setting, a series of experiments has been conducted on an operating Stelmor line at the No. 2 Rod Mill of Stelco Hilton Works. The technique followed in the plant trials was similar to that employed in the laboratory and the thermal histories of the test rods allowed the mathematical model to be "tuned" to operating conditions. Mechanical properties for several industrial steel grades were also measured during the plant trials, and have been applied to test the predictive capability of the model. Comparisons of the model-predicted thermal histories, microstructures and mechanical properties with those measured in both the laboratory and plant tests have been made. The results of the thermal history comparison for both laboratory and plant conditions showed good agreement between the model-predicted and measured centreline temperatures of control-cooled steel rod. Predicted temperatures during the austenite-ferrite and austenite-pearlite phase transformations were within the expected error associated with prediction of transformation kinetics. Good agreement was obtained between model-predicted and measured ferrite fraction, ferrite grain diameter and interlamellar pearlite spacing. Yield strengths and ultimate tensile strengths predicted by the model for the laboratory and plant tests displayed excellent agreement with measured strengths. In order to obtain a test of the predictive capability of the model under Stelmor line conditions, an independent set of ultimate tensile strengths for Stelmor-cooled steel grades was obtained. These samples were taken directly from grades being processed on the line. A comparison between model-predicted and measured UTS for these grades yielded excellent agreement in the 1020-1040 and eutectoid composition range, with a fair prediction obtained for 1055-1065 grades.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Kochenderfer, J. N. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), ed. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, PA (5 Radnor Corp CTR STE 200, PO Box 6775, Radnor 19087-8775): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Kochenderfer, J. N. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), ed. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, PA (5 Radnor Corp CTR STE 200, PO Box 6775, Radnor 19087-8775): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), ed. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, PA (5 Radnor Corp CTR STE 200, PO Box 6775, Radnor 19087-8775): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Kochenderfer, J. N. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1995.

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Curtis, Byron G. Up the steep and stony road: The book of Zechariah in social location trajectory analysis. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007.

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Curtis, Byron G. Up the steep and stony road: The book of Zechariah in social location trajectory analysis. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2006.

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Moorthy, K. Krishna. The road begins at Bhilai. Madras, India: Technology Books, 1987.

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Morreale, P. Road kill: A Steed Wilson mystery. Unionville, NY: Silk Label Books, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Simons, Robert A. "A road too steep and too long." In Driverless Cars, Urban Parking and Land Use, 119–31. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429469541-8.

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Fang, Xuezhao, Bing Wang, Haoran Liu, and Kuo Zhao. "Model Construction and Simulation Analysis of Vehicle Collision on Steep Road Section in Mountainous Area." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 333–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5429-9_25.

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Fewsmith, Joseph, and Nancy Hearst. "Step up Preparations against Fu Zuoyi's Attacks." In Mao's Road to Power, 276. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719511-138.

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Fewsmith, Joseph, and Nancy Hearst. "Operational Principles for the Next Step in the Huai-Hai Campaign." In Mao's Road to Power, 458–60. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719436-190.

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Li, Xinchuang. "Development Road of China’s Modern Iron and Steel Industry." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 3–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_1.

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Li, Xinchuang. "Servitization." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 299–342. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_10.

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Li, Xinchuang. "Intelligentization." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 343–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_11.

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Li, Xinchuang. "Diversification." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 381–447. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_12.

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Li, Xinchuang. "Internationalization." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 449–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_13.

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Li, Xinchuang. "International Experiences." In The Road Map of China's Steel Industry, 23–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2074-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Saibara, Katsutoshi, Shigeomi Nishigaki, Fujio Matsuda, and Shinichi Kubota. "Contrivances to Assist Forest Machine Operator on Forest Road with Steep Slope." In 31st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2014/0061.

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Hasslacher, Thomas, Victor Poberezhnyi, and Stefan Niewerth. "Facing options for geosynthetic reinforced retaining structures in infrastructure projects." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1432.

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An economic development increases the demand for new infrastructural projects allowing people to travel and goods to be transported faster and at lower costs. Reconstruction of some outdated structures that can no longer provide sufficient carrying capacity and comfort also adds to the planning and budgeting. Retaining structures with steep or vertical slopes that must be constructed in challenging geological or environmental conditions is an essential part of almost any modern infrastructural project. One of the most cost-effective and durable solutions to construct high-end retaining walls or bridge abutments is the use of geosynthetic materials as soil reinforcement in combination with facing elements. This paper is a brief introduction into the variety of facing options for such geosynthetic reinforced retaining structures.
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Modi, Yatri, and Natalie Parde. "The Steep Road to Happily Ever after: an Analysis of Current Visual Storytelling Models." In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Shortcomings in Vision and Language. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-1805.

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Suherman, Ansar, Muhammad Rizal Ardiansah Putra, and Mansur. "Identity Politic Contestation in the Public Sphere: A Steep Road of Democracy in Indonesia." In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.046.

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Marecki, A., and M. Mistewicz. "Combining Art and Engineering – Warsaw’s Oldest Road Viaduct." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0268.

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<p>The present paper analyses the engineering and architectural features of the early twentieth-century urban viaduct forming part of Karowa Street. It is a unique example of structural-architectural art that combines engineering solutions with an aesthetic architectural design. The structure was commissioned in 1904 and remained intact for more than 100 years. It survived two world wars, including the disastrous Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and is still used today. The road, leading up the steep Vistula slope, was designed in the shape of a spiral by Kajetan Mościcki, Warsaw’s chief engineer at the time. The viaduct itself was engineered by Arnold Bronikowski, who pioneered the use of the Monier’s patent in reinforced concrete bridges. The viaduct’s architectural features were designed by Stefan Szyller, one of Warsaw’s leading architects, and its elaborate sculptures, which transformed it from a utilitarian structure into a work of art, were crafted by Jan Woydyga.</p>
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Bhattacharjee, Debraj, Prabha Bhola, and Pranab K. Dan. "A Fuzzy Based Propulsion Selection for Fuel Efficiency in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85969.

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This article proposes a fuzzy based fuel-efficient propulsion selection logic for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in ‘Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET)’ driving cycle. Optimal utilisation of combustion engine, in HEV, reduces the fossil fuel consumption. This can be realized through an electronic control unit, embedded with effective propulsion selection logic that governs the power split device in series-parallel HEV. A propulsion control logic, based on the road gradeability, velocity, torque demand and vehicle battery state of charge (SOC) is presented in this article. A comparison with conventional propulsion selection logic based system shows that the HEV modelled with proposed fuzzy based one, results in better speed tracking with steep road grades, as it provides better torque supply at desired speed points. The analysis indicates a reduction in consumption of both the fossil fuel as well as the electrical fuel (SOC).
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Anderson, John Robert Beveridge. "Design and Development of the Msikaba and Mtentu River Bridges." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0497.

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<p>The story of the Msikaba and Mtentu River Bridges is a story about the Transkei Region in South Africa. The area’s unfenced rural landscape is considered unique and is characterised by steep gorges and rivers that run down to the Wild Coast. The civil engineers of the past avoided the area and the main highway connecting the ports of Durban and East London runs 200 km inland. This is now changing with the South African National Roads Agency’s SOC Ltd (SANRAL’s) procurement of the new N2 Wild Coast Road that will realign the highway within 30 km of the coast. The project includes two new crossings, one a 580 m span cable-stayed bridge, the other a 1.1 km long viaduct with a 260 m central balanced cantilever span, across the deepest gorges on the route. Their design and procurement is however driven not only by their physical environment but the need to create jobs, business opportunities for small local enterprises and community development projects that will leave a legacy and a long term economic benefit.</p>
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Akcabay, Deniz T., N. C. Perkins, and Zheng-Dong Ma. "Predicting the Mobility of Tracked Robotic Vehicles." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60877.

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Robotic vehicles are an attractive alternative to manned vehicles in hazardous or dangerous off road and urban environments. Present designs of robot vehicles employ wheels or tracks as the running gears and, in general, tracks provide superior mobility on rough or uneven terrain. This paper presents a multibody dynamics model of a tracked robotic vehicle for the purpose of predicting mobility in two different scenarios: 1) steep terrains, and 2) urban terrains in the form of staircases. In both scenarios we study the physical limitations on vehicle mobility imposed by key vehicle design variables and vehicle operating conditions. Example vehicle design variables include the location of the mass center, grouser penetration, and track/terrain friction. Example vehicle operating conditions include climbing under full versus partial track/terrain contact, and climbing on straight versus switch back courses.
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Vassilakis, Emmanuel, Aliki Konsolaki, Stelios Petrakis, Evangelia Kotsi, Christos Filis, Stelios Lozios, and Efthymios Lekkas. "4D point cloud analysis of the September 2020 Medicane impact on Myrtos beach in Cephalonia, Greece." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13755.

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The coastal area of Myrtos beach, is a very popular Natura protected area at the Northern part of Cephalonia Island, in W. Greece, which suffered severe damages during the Medicane named after “Ianos”, that affected the Greek territory in September 2020. Most of the steep slope area, which hosts the road that leads to the beach area itself were extensively covered by debris due to mudflows, interrupting aggressively the road connection with the inland network. The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems proved to be an ideal way of mapping quite small areas, with limited access to road networks. The generation of ultra-high resolution spatial products seems to be optimal for mapping and quantifying mass movements that cover areas ranging from less than one square kilometer up to few square kilometers. The aim of such a multi-temporal study, which is described herein, contains aerial image data collection and analysis, before and after the catastrophic event. It is leading to the quantification of the surface topographic changes, by generating a time series of point clouds, after creating several terrain models along with ortho-photo-mosaics, based on Structure-from-Motion photogrammetric techniques. The digital comparison of the co-registered photogrammetric products showed that significant surface alterations have taken place due to the 2020 Medicane. The diachronic point clouds led to the detection and quantification of elevation changes, mainly at the central part of the area of interest, whereas the elevation values of the point clouds were found rather altered, before and after “Ianos”, either positively (deposition) or negatively (erosion), delineating the areas that suffered surface changes.
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Eswaran, M., and Ujjwal K. Saha. "Waves Simulation in an Excited Cylindrical Tank Using σ-Transformation." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39752.

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Free surface motions of the liquid in partially filled tanks under gravity are of practical significance particularly in marine and road transportation applications. For this reason, liquid sloshing has always been a research subject attracting great concern during the last several decades. Numerical experiments of sloshing wave motion are undertaken in a 2-D tank which is moved horizontally. Results of liquid sloshing induced by sinusoidal base excitations are presented for small to steep non-breaking waves. The numerical model is valid for any water depth except for small depth when viscous effects would become important. Solutions are limited to steep non-overturning waves. In this paper, the semi-circular domain with time-varying fluid surface was mapped onto a rectangular domain by the σ-transformation. Based on the inviscid flow equations, a fully non-linear finite difference model has been developed. The simulations are limited to a half-filled container. The liquid free surface elevation and wave phase-plane diagram have been plotted for different tank excitation frequency. It has been observed that while increasing the tank frequency, the liquid wave height in the tank changes according to the system natural frequency. Finally, the proposed computational scheme has been applied to a real engineering problem to capture the irregular behavior of liquid free surface inside the tank. For this, acceleration-time history of EW and NS components of the EL-Centro earthquake, California has been studied and analyzed.
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Reports on the topic "STEEP ROAD"

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Kochenderfer, James N. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-194.

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Kochenderfer, James N. Using open-top pipe culverts to control surface water on steep road grades. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-194.

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Lane, L. S. Bedrock geology, Mount Raymond, Yukon, NTS 116-I/8. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329963.

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The Mount Raymond map area incorporates the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium, southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic, Ellesmerian, orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. Several major thrust faults and related folds transect the map area from north to south. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline, modified by the Mount Raymond thrust fault together with minor folds in its footwall. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds are defined where shales are interbedded with persistent sandstones. Steep reverse faults in the east may have reactivated Cambrian rift faults. The structural geometry reflects Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.
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Hodgdon, Taylor, Anthony Fuentes, Jason Olivier, Brian Quinn, and Sally Shoop. Automated terrain classification for vehicle mobility in off-road conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40219.

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The U.S. Army is increasingly interested in autonomous vehicle operations, including off-road autonomous ground maneuver. Unlike on-road, off-road terrain can vary drastically, especially with the effects of seasonality. As such, vehicles operating in off-road environments need to be in-formed about the changing terrain prior to departure or en route for successful maneuver to the mission end point. The purpose of this report is to assess machine learning algorithms used on various remotely sensed datasets to see which combinations are useful for identifying different terrain. The study collected data from several types of winter conditions by using both active and passive, satellite and vehicle-based sensor platforms and both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. To classify specific terrain types, supervised algorithms must be used in tandem with large training datasets, which are time consuming to create. However, unsupervised segmentation algorithms can be used to help label the training data. More work is required gathering training data to include a wider variety of terrain types. While classification is a good first step, more detailed information about the terrain properties will be needed for off-road autonomy.
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Hanchak, S. J., B. S. Altman, and M. J. Forrestal. Perforation of HY-100 steel plates with long rod projectiles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176883.

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Ayala-García, Jhorland, Sandy Dall'erba, and William C. Ridley. Externalities of extreme natural disasters on local tax capacity. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.299.

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This paper studies the impact of extreme weather events on the local tax revenue across Colombian municipalities. We follow a two-step approach to evaluate to what extent a municipality’s tax revenue depends on natural disasters taking place both locally and in its trade partners. In the first step, we estimate a gravity model of bilateral trade and construct a trade flow matrix allowing us to measure the strength of the economic relationships between cities. To do so, we build a novel dataset describing the inter-city trade flows for road transported goods in Colombia for the period 2015–2019. In the second step, we use spatial models to estimate the externalities of extreme weather events. Our results reveal that natural disasters in the destination cities increase the tax revenue in the origin city. We provide evidence of the capacity of trade to mitigate the negative effects of natural disasters.
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.

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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.
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Coleman, RL. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886001.

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Coleman, R. L., and J. S. Bogard. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921771.

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Coleman, Robert L., and James S. Bogard. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974609.

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