Relevant bibliographies by topics / STEEP ANGLE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'STEEP ANGLE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

1

Brüninghaus, Jan, Anna Oster, and Bernd Kuhlenkötter. "Accuracy and Material Properties in Incremental Forming for a Multi-Step Expanding Approach." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.179.

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In incremental sheet forming the material properties change dependent on the wall angle. In addition to sheet thinning, material hardening can be observed and for stainless steel the formation of strain induced martensite has been reported. These process characteristics have been extensively examined for the forming of parts in one step. In this study, a first investigation is made to control the material properties independent on the wall angle by a multi-step expanding approach. For this, in the first step a steep wall angle is formed and in the following steps this region is transformed to a shallow wall angle, keeping the material properties. To demonstrate and verify this new approach a small cone frustum with a wall angle of 60° was formed as a preform. This cone frustum was repeatedly expanded in steps of 2° to get finally a cone frustum with 30° wall angle. The stepwise expanding causes a considerably growing of the shape in depth direction, especially at the preformed area. By a heuristic approach the geometric accuracy of the final cone was optimized. The microhardness measurement of the formed cones shows that the final cone frustum has a region, where the material properties are similar to the first formed 60° wall angle. By this new approach the possibility to influence the material properties of the final part purely by tool path is demonstrated. In particular it is possible to form regions with shallow wall angles that have the material properties of regions with steep wall angles.
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Purnomo, Dhika Aditya, Fipka Bisono, and Rizal Indrawan. "Analysis of Threshold Angle Variations on The Quality of Finishing Free-form Surface in CNC Milling Process." International Journal of Science, Engineering and Information Technology 6, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/ijseit.v6i2.14952.

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The machining process using a combination of steep and shallow strategy is the most widely used strategy for the finishing process on complex models that have many areas of steep walls and shallow floors. Using a single machining strategy on the entire model can lead to long machining times and poor surface finish quality. The steep and shallow strategy can efficiently detect parts of the model that have steep contours and those that have shallow contours. In other words, this strategy can analyze the model surface angle at runtime to identify and divide the machining zone based on the slope angle or commonly called the threshold angle. In this context, the selection of the threshold angle is very important when carrying out the finishing process on free-form surfaces to produce a good surface quality. This study was conducted to determine the optimum threshold angle that can produce the minimum surface roughness between steep areas and shallow areas. Threshold angles that were varied were 20°, 30° and 40°. Machining was carried out using Ballnose type cutting tools with a diameter of 6 mm. Then the stepover and stepdown is 0.1 mm for the finishing process on the surface of the propeller product made of Aluminum by using a CNC Milling machine. From the experimental results, the most optimum threshold angle is at an angle of 40° with an average roughness value in the steep area of 1.9 mm and in the shallow area of 1.3mm and a total average roughness of 1.6mm.
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Sun, Zhicheng, Aoyu Zhang, Xiaotong Li, and Yuan Xue. "Test Analysis of 220 kV Rotating Transmission Angle Tower." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012031.

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Abstract As the requirements for the protection of environmental water in the construction of transmission lines have increased, the position of the tower in steep mountainous areas often fails to meet the requirements because of the difference in tower legs, which causes damage to the original landform, thus resulting in the change of the path and the increase of the project investment. In this paper, we optimize the design of a rotating steel tower to adapt to the steep terrain of mountainous areas and reduce the base surface opening. The feasibility of the proposed rotating tower optimization design is demonstrated by analyzing the real test data of the rotating tower.
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Gilbert, Kenneth E. "Wide-angle formulation of the Beilis-Tappert method." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 2 (August 2022): 1170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0013727.

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The theory and numerical examples are given for a wide-angle formulation of the Beilis-Tappert method for wave propagation over irregular terrain. The vertical wave number k in the Beilis-Tappert method is not a physical wave number. Consequently, an essential but previously unknown element of the Beilis-Tappert method is the need to use a slope-dependent k-space vertical wave number filter. The filter selects the physical vertical wave numbers in k-space integrals. The importance of the vertical wave number filter (“ k-control”) is demonstrated theoretically and numerically for propagation over a steep hill and over a shallow hill. For the steep hill, it is shown that k-control is as important as the extension to wide angles. For the shallow hill, k-control and the wide-angle extension are much less important, so that, for some applications, the original narrow-angle formulation gives acceptable accuracy.
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Makarov, V. N., V. Ya Potapov, N. V. Makarov, and A. V. Ugolnikov. "GENESIS OF EFFICIENCY OF STEEP ANGLE CONVEYOR BELTS." MINING INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL BULLETIN 5 (2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2018-5-0-165-170.

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Loye, A., M. Jaboyedoff, and A. Pedrazzini. "Identification of potential rockfall source areas at a regional scale using a DEM-based geomorphometric analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 5 (October 8, 2009): 1643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1643-2009.

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Abstract. The availability of high resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM) at a regional scale enables the analysis of topography with high levels of detail. Hence, a DEM-based geomorphometric approach becomes more accurate for detecting potential rockfall sources. Potential rockfall source areas are identified according to the slope angle distribution deduced from high resolution DEM crossed with other information extracted from geological and topographic maps in GIS format. The slope angle distribution can be decomposed in several Gaussian distributions that can be considered as characteristic of morphological units: rock cliffs, steep slopes, footslopes and plains. A terrain is considered as potential rockfall sources when their slope angles lie over an angle threshold, which is defined where the Gaussian distribution of the morphological unit "Rock cliffs" become dominant over the one of "Steep slopes". In addition to this analysis, the cliff outcrops indicated by the topographic maps were added. They contain however "flat areas", so that only the slope angles values above the mode of the Gaussian distribution of the morphological unit "Steep slopes" were considered. An application of this method is presented over the entire Canton of Vaud (3200 km2), Switzerland. The results were compared with rockfall sources observed on the field and orthophotos analysis in order to validate the method. Finally, the influence of the cell size of the DEM is inspected by applying the methodology over six different DEM resolutions.
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Glen, F., A. C. Broderick, B. J. Godley, J. D. Metcalfe, and G. C. Hays. "Dive angles for a green turtle (Chelonia mydas)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 4 (August 2001): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004374.

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The depth and swim speed of a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) were measured during the internesting period in Cyprus. For dives to the seabed (U-dives) we used these data to determine dive angles. Typically the turtle initially descended at a steep angle (∼60°) but as the dive continued this angle lessened until the turtle approached the seabed at an average angle of ∼15°. This systematic change in descent angle is consistent with the prediction that the energetic implications of dive angle are most important at the start of the dive when the turtle is fighting to overcome its positive buoyancy. On leaving the seabed, the turtle often seemed to rise passively.
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8

Wesley, Laurence D. "Coulomb wedge analysis of cuts in steep slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-049.

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Coulomb's trial wedge method for estimating the active force on retaining walls is applied to situations where there are steep slopes at limiting equilibrium behind the walls. The analysis is applied initially to slopes of dry cohesionless material; in this case the slope angle is equal to the friction angle of the material. The analysis produces two interesting, and perhaps surprising, results. The first is that the critical wedge angle equals the slope angle, and the critical wedge becomes a "slab" extending an unlimited distance up the slope above the wall. The second is that as the inclination of the slope and friction angle (which are equal) increase the active force on the wall decreases. The method is then applied to more general slopes involving cohesion, friction, and seepage. Back-analysis is first used to obtain combinations of cohesion and friction corresponding to limiting equilibrium; these are then used in the wedge analysis. The results obtained are similar to those for the dry cohesionless slope. The method provides a means of estimating required retaining forces for cuts made in steep slopes of residual soil or partly weathered rock where estimation of strength parameters is often very difficult.Key words: slopes, steep, back-analysis, Coulomb, wedge, analysis.
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Hong, Yung-Shan, Rong-Her Chen, Cho-Sen Wu, and Jian-Ren Chen. "Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steep nailed slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-055.

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Shaking table tests were performed on five model slopes to examine the effects of the angle and length of the nails and the frequency of excitation on the seismic resistance and failure mechanism of the slopes. Seismic excitation was also applied to slopes at various angles. Experimental results showed that nails markedly improved the seismic resistance of all model steep slopes. Additionally, nailed slopes exhibit characteristics of ductility under strong excitation. The angle of the nails influences the deformation of the slope but only slightly affects seismic resistance. An increase in the length of the nails increased the seismic resistance of the slope and reduced the displacement of the facing only when subjected to strong excitation. The slope at an angle of 90° to the horizontal has a markedly lower seismic resistance than that at 80°. The rocking of the model slope was strong for the slope with inclined nails and the slope at 90° to the horizontal. The failure surface of the soil mass is approximately a bilinear surface; the pullout of nails from the lower rows of nails caused total slope failure. The seismic resistance of a nailed slope is categorized viz. response of the models by three stages: stable, seismic resistance, and incipient collapse phases. Critical seismic acceleration coefficients of all models are evaluated and compared with values predicted by a developed pseudo-static, limit-equilibrium-based slope stability approach, which postulates a two-wedge failure mechanism.Key words: shaking table test, steep nailed slope, seismic resistance, pseudo-static approach.
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Majidov, Takhir, and Nazir Ikramov. "Influence of flow hydraulic characteristics on the ridge lower escarpment angle." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403015.

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In the riverbeds and canals that run on non-cohesive grounds, bedload sediments move in the ridges form. Ridge forms determine the flow rate of bedload sediments, hydraulic resistances, the types and rates of deformations in alluvial channels. The main elements of ridge formations are height, gentle and steep length with corresponding escarpments. The ridge's steep length and this corresponding escarpment change with changes in the flow hydraulic characteristics. With a change in the ridge's steep length and its steep escarpment, the hydraulic resistance of the channel, the flow rate of bedload sediments, the types, and the channel deformation rates change. In the laboratory, a series of experiments with different sediments compositions and diameters were carried out on the hydraulic tray to determine the main elements (total, gentle and steep length, and the ridge height) and the dynamic characteristics of the ridge formations and the flow hydraulic characteristics. Calculation formulas for determining the coefficient of the ridge lower escarpments with and without taking into account the angle of the natural ground escarpment under water and in the dry state, and the dependence of the steepness of the relative ridge on the relative flow velocity, are obtained. The obtained dependencies allow to accurately determine the geometric and dynamic characteristics of bedload ridges and the corresponding hydraulic characteristics that may define the view ridge formations, ridges resistance of the channel, and the flow rate of bedload sediments, and to design sustainable escarpments large channels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

1

Birner, Sabrina Marguerite. "Steep reference angle holography : analysis and applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71398.

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Sibold, Ridge Alexander. "The Effect of Density Ratio on Steep Injection Angle Purge Jet Cooling for a Converging Nozzle Guide Vane Endwall at Transonic Conditions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102650.

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The study presented herein describes and analyzes a detailed experimental investigation of the effects of density ratio on endwall thermal performance at varying blowing rates for a typical nozzle guide vane platform purge jet cooling scheme. An axisymmetric converging endwall with an upstream doublet staggered cylindrical hole purge jet cooling scheme was employed. Nominal exit flow conditions were engine representative and as follows: {rm Ma}_{Exit} = 0.85, {rm Re}_{Exit,C_{ax}} = 1.5 times {10}^6, and large-scale freestream Tu = 16%. Two blowing ratios were investigated corresponding to the upper and lower engine extrema. Each blowing ratio was investigated amid two density ratios; one representing typical experimental neglect of density ratio, at DR = 1.2, and another engine representative density ratio achieved by mixing foreign gases, DR = 1.95. All tests were conducted on a linear cascade in the Virginia Tech Transonic Blowdown Wind Tunnel using IR thermography and transient data reduction techniques. Oil paint flow visualization techniques were used to gather quantitative information regarding the alteration of endwall flow physics due two different blowing rates of high-density coolant. High resolution endwall adiabatic film cooling effectiveness, Nusselt number, and Net Heat Flux Reduction contour plots were used to analyze the thermal effects. The effect of density is dependent on the coolant blowing rate and varies greatly from the high to low blowing condition. At the low blowing condition better near-hole film cooling performance and heat transfer reduction is facilitated with increasing density. However, high density coolant at low blowing rates isn't adequately equipped to penetrate and suppress secondary flows, leaving the SS and PS largely exposed to high velocity and temperature mainstream gases. Conversely, it is observed that density ratio only marginally affects the high blowing condition, as the momentum effects become increasingly dominant. Overall it is concluded density ratio has a first order impact on the secondary flow alterations and subsequent heat transfer distributions that occur as a result of coolant injection and should be accounted for in purge jet cooling scheme design and analysis. Additionally, the effect of increasing high density coolant blowing rate was analyzed. Oil paint flow visualization indicated that significant secondary flow suppression occurs as a result of increasing the blowing rate of high-density coolant. Endwall adiabatic film cooling effectiveness, Nusselt number, and NHFR comparisons confirm this. Low blowing rate coolant has a more favorable thermal impact in the upstream region of the passage, especially near injection. The low momentum of the coolant is eventually dominated and entrained by secondary flows, providing less effectiveness near PS, near SS, and into the throat of the passage. The high momentum present for the high blowing rate, high-density coolant suppresses these secondary flows and provides enhanced cooling in the throat and in high secondary flow regions. However, the increased turbulence impartation due to lift off has an adverse effect on the heat load in the upstream region of the passage. It is concluded that only marginal gains near the throat of the passage are observed with an increase in high density coolant blowing rate, but severe thermal penalty is observed near the passage onset.
Master of Science
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3

Kennedy, Richard C. "A Study on the Effect of Jumbo Angles on the Strength and Stiffness of Top-and-Seat Angle Connections." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416233620.

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4

Gassner, Alexandra Carina. "The character of the core-mantle boundary : a systematic study using PcP." Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6359/.

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Assuming that liquid iron alloy from the outer core interacts with the solid silicate-rich lower mantle the influence on the core-mantle reflected phase PcP is studied. If the core-mantle boundary is not a sharp discontinuity, this becomes apparent in the waveform and amplitude of PcP. Iron-silicate mixing would lead to regions of partial melting with higher density which in turn reduces the velocity of seismic waves. On the basis of the calculation and interpretation of short-period synthetic seismograms, using the reflectivity and Gauss Beam method, a model space is evaluated for these ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs). The aim of this thesis is to analyse the behaviour of PcP between 10° and 40° source distance for such models using different velocity and density configurations. Furthermore, the resolution limits of seismic data are discussed. The influence of the assumed layer thickness, dominant source frequency and ULVZ topography are analysed. The Gräfenberg and NORSAR arrays are then used to investigate PcP from deep earthquakes and nuclear explosions. The seismic resolution of an ULVZ is limited both for velocity and density contrasts and layer thicknesses. Even a very thin global core-mantle transition zone (CMTZ), rather than a discrete boundary and also with strong impedance contrasts, seems possible: If no precursor is observable but the PcP_model /PcP_smooth amplitude reduction amounts to more than 10%, a very thin ULVZ of 5 km with a first-order discontinuity may exist. Otherwise, if amplitude reductions of less than 10% are obtained, this could indicate either a moderate, thin ULVZ or a gradient mantle-side CMTZ. Synthetic computations reveal notable amplitude variations as function of the distance and the impedance contrasts. Thereby a primary density effect in the very steep-angle range and a pronounced velocity dependency in the wide-angle region can be predicted. In view of the modelled findings, there is evidence for a 10 to 13.5 km thick ULVZ 600 km south-eastern of Moscow with a NW-SE extension of about 450 km. Here a single specific assumption about the velocity and density anomaly is not possible. This is in agreement with the synthetic results in which several models create similar amplitude-waveform characteristics. For example, a ULVZ model with contrasts of -5% VP
-15% VS and +5% density explain the measured PcP amplitudes. Moreover, below SW Finland and NNW of the Caspian Sea a CMB topography can be assumed. The amplitude measurements indicate a wavelength of 200 km and a height of 1 km topography, previously also shown in the study by Kampfmann and Müller (1989). Better constraints might be provided by a joined analysis of seismological data, mineralogical experiments and geodynamic modelling.
Unter der Annahme, dass flüssiges Eisen aus dem äußeren Erdkern mit dem festen, silikat-reichen Unteren Mantel reagiert, wird eine Einflussnahme auf die Kern-Mantel Reflexionsphase PcP erwartet. Ist die Kern-Mantel Grenze aufgeweicht, und nicht wie bislang angenommen ein diskreter Übergang, so zeichnet sich dies in der Wellenform und Amplitude von PcP ab. Die Interaktion mit Eisen führt zu teilweise aufgeschmolzenen Bereichen höherer Dichte, welche die seismischen Wellengeschwindigkeiten herabsetzen. Basierend auf den Berechnungen von kurzperiodischen synthetischen Seismogrammen, mittels der Reflektivitäts- und Gauss Beam Methode, soll ein möglicher Modellraum dieser Niedriggeschwindigkeitszonen ermittelt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es das Verhalten von PcP im Distanzbereich von 10° bis 40° unter dem Einfluss dieser Modelle mit diversen Geschwindigkeits- und Dichtekontrasten zu untersuchen. Ferner wird das Auflösungsvermögen hinsichtlich seismischer Daten diskutiert. Entscheidende Parameter wie Anomaliedicke, Quellfrequenz und Topographie werden hierbei analysiert. Tiefe Erdbeben und Kernexplosionen, die sich im entsprechenden Entfernungsbereich zum Gräfenberg und NORSAR Array befinden, werden anschließend im Hinblick auf PcP ausgewertet. Das seismische Auflösungsvermögen von Niedriggeschwindigkeitszonen ist stark begrenzt sowohl in Bezug auf Geschwindigkeits- und Dichtekontraste als auch hinsichtlich der Mächtigkeit. Es besteht sogar die Möglichkeit einer dünnen, globalen Kern-Mantel Übergangszone, selbst mit großen Impedanzkontrasten, ohne dass dies mit seismologischen Methoden detektiert werden könnte: Wird kein precursor zu PcP beobachtet aber das PcPmodel /PcPsmooth Amplitudenverhältnis zeigt gleichzeitig eine Reduktion von mehr als 10%, dann könnte eine sehr dünne Niedriggeschwindigkeitszone von ca. 5 km Mächtigkeit und einer Diskontinuität erster Ordnung vorliegen. Andererseits, ist PcP um weniger als 10% reduziert, könnte dies entweder auf eine dünne, moderate Niedriggeschwindigkeitszone oder einen graduellen Kern-Mantel Übergang hindeuten. Die synthetischen Berechnungen ergeben starke Amplitudenvariationen als Funktion der Distanz, welche auf den Impedanzkontrast zurückzuführen sind. Dabei ergibt sich ein primärer Dichteeffekt im extremen Steilwinkelbereich und ein maßgeblicher Geschwindigkeitseinfluss im Weitwinkelbereich. Im Hinblick auf die modellierten Resultate lässt sich eine 10 - 13.5 km mächtige Niedriggeschwindigkeitszone 600 km südöstlich von Moskau mit einer NW-SE Ausdehnung von mindestens 450 km folgern, wobei eine exakte Aussage über Geschwindigkeiten und Dichte nicht möglich ist. Dies ist im Konsens mit den synthetischen Berechnungen, wonach viele unterschiedliche Modelle ähnliche Amplituden- und Wellenformcharakteristiken erzeugen. Zum Beispiel erklärt ein Modell mit Kontrasten von -5% VP
-15% VS and +5% Dichte die gemessenen PcP Amplituden. Darüber hinaus können unterhalb des südwestlichen Finnlands und nord-nordwestlich des Kaspischen Meeres Undulationen an der Kern-Mantel Grenze selbst vermutet werden. Unter Berücksichtigung früherer Studien, z. B. von Kampfmann and Müller (1989), deuten die Messergebnisse auf eine laterale Topographie von 200 km und eine Höhe von 1 km hin. Eine Eingrenzung der potentiellen Anomaliemodelle kann nur durch eine gemeinsame Auswertung mit mineralogischen Experimenten und geodynamischen Modellierungen erfolgen.
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Shani, Mehul A. "Compressive strength of eccentrically loaded steel angles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0013/MQ52481.pdf.

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GAO, XIAOJIANG. "STRENGTH DETERMINATION OF HEAVY CLIP-ANGLE CONNECTION COMPONENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1134401462.

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Leong, Chuen Shiong. "Repair/strengthening of steel angles using thermal spray metallizing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/MQ53172.pdf.

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Weiner, Stephen (Stephen Andrew). "Design of mechanical testing device to measure break angle of thin, stainless steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32969.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
Working with Gillette Corporation, an automated mechanical testing tool that bent a small flat piece of steel was designed. The design of the tool was an effort to improve upon previous generations of the same tool. It consisted of three main elements; a servomotor, connected to a torque transducer, which was connected to a break device. A thin piece of steel was loaded into the break device and the motor was activated, moving a flipper arm on the device which bent the steel. While bending this piece of steel, the torque transducer would relay torque and angle information to a computer. This information was collected and displayed in Excel as torque versus angle plots, which would show the moment at which the piece of steel was broken. This entire process was automated so that after loading the steel, one click of a button would run one test. Razorblades were primarily bent with the device until they would break, and for this reason, the measuring tool was called the 'blade break test.' The work consisted of designing a robust mechanical system coupling the three devices mentioned above in series. Code was written in Visual Basic that managed all the individual devices in the measuring tool, getting them to work together and linking them with a computer.
(cont.) A user interface was designed with engineers in mind, imbedding automated data collection and representation through Excel. Finally, a manual was created accompanying the device so other engineers could use, troubleshoot, and modify the 'break test.' The result of this project was the creation of a successful measuring instrument with full documentation and functionality.
by Stephen Weiner.
S.B.
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9

Reynolds, Nicholas A. "Behavior and design of concentrically loaded duplex stainless steel single equal-leg angle struts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49074.

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Stainless steel has garnered attention as an alternative structural material to conventional carbon steel due to its corrosion resistance properties and aesthetic appearance. Of interest are single angles, which are frequently used in trusses, transmission towers, and as bracing diaphragms. When subjected to compression, knowledge concerning the behavior, analysis, and design of stainless steel single angles is very limited. This thesis addresses the behavior of duplex stainless steel single equal-leg angles subject to concentric compressive loading. Two complementary approaches are used in this study, the first of which was experimental and consisted of conducting 33 full-scale buckling tests on S32003 duplex stainless steel single equal-leg angle components. Angles specimens had slenderness ratios ranging from 35 to 350 and leg width-to-thickness ratios of 7.5 to 12.3. In the second approach, computational models that accounted for material nonlinearity, material anisotropy, and geometric out-of-straightness were developed and validated using the experimentally obtained test results. These models were subsequently used to perform numerical buckling experiments to shed light on the behavior of axially loaded compression duplex stainless steel single angles for a wide range of practical leg width-to-thickness ratios. Results from the full-scale tests and from the numerical models are shown to correlate well with the classical mechanics-based formulae, which considers nonlinear stress-strain relationships, for predicting flexural and flexural-torsional buckling strengths of singly symmetric stainless steel members. Finally, design criteria in the form of load and resistance factor design (LRFD) with a reliability index of 3 for buckling limit states are proposed for possible adoption in future US national standards.
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Knobel, Christian. "Optimal control allocation for road vehicle dynamics using wheel steer angles, brake, drive torques camber angles." Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992593425/04.

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Books on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

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Branstetter, J. Robert. B-737 flight test of curved-path and steep-angle approaches using MLS guidance. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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Branstetter, J. Robert. B-737 flight test of curved-path and steep-angle approaches using MLS guidance. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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United States International Trade Commission. Stainless steel angles from Japan. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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B, Kennedy John, ed. Single and compound angle members: Structural analysis and design. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1985.

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Blood and steel. Chennai, India: Anglo-Ink, 2013.

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American Institute of Steel Construction. Load and resistance factor design specification for single-angle members. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction, 2001.

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Vlachos, Konstantinos. A wide angle split-step parabolic equation model for propagation predictions over terrain. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1996.

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Fraser, George MacDonald. The steel bonnets: The story of the Anglo-Scottish Border reivers. London: Collins Harvill, 1989.

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Meador, Don A. How to build the mighty metal miter for cutting angle, square, flat, and round steel. Freeman, MO: Millenial Marketing, 1997.

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Step down Shakespeare, the stone angel is here: Essays on literature : Canadian and Sri Lankan. Colombo: Godage International Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

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Barcewicz, W., S. Wierzbicki, M. A. Giżejowski, S. Labocha, and R. Czyż. "Experimental investigation of angle length effect – angles in tension connected by one leg." In Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures, 85–91. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132134-7.

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Tatsumi, Nobuhiko, and Shoichi Kishiki. "Connection Strength of Braces with Angle Steel and Channel Steel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 319–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03811-2_31.

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Moradi, Sona, Saeid Kamal, and Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos. "Laser Ablated Micro/Nano-Patterned Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Substrates." In Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, 285–304. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119117018.ch11.

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Tylek, Izabela Alicja. "Random Initial Twist Angle of Steel Multistory Building Frames." In Design, Fabrication and Economy of Metal Structures, 357–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36691-8_54.

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De Matteis, G., R. Landolfo, and L. Calado. "Cyclic behavior of semi-rigid angle connections: A comparative study of tests and modeling." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 165–74. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211198-24.

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Behzadi-Sofiani, B., L. Gardner, and M. A. Wadee. "Numerical simulation and design of steel equal-leg angle section beams." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 937–43. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-153.

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Behzadi-Sofiani, B., L. Gardner, and M. A. Wadee. "Numerical simulation and design of steel equal-leg angle section beams." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 327–28. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-153.

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Zhong, C., Z. M. Shang, G. J. Wen, X. Liu, H. M. Wang, and C. Li. "A Step-by-Step Exact Measuring Angle Calibration Applicable for Multi-Detector Stitched Aerial Camera." In 5th International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications, 235–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27300-2_23.

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Beyer, A., A. Bureau, J.-P. Jaspart, J. F. Demonceau, and M.-Z. Bezas. "Torsional, flexural and torsional-flexural buckling of angle section members – an analytical approach." In Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures, 400–406. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132134-51.

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Bernatowska, E., and L. Ślęczka. "Failure modes of steel angles connected by one leg." In Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures, 307–13. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132134-38.

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Conference papers on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

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Shan, Guojian, and Biondo Biondi. "Angle‐domain common‐image gathers for steep reflectors." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063982.

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Lee, Jong-Sen, Thomas L. Ainsworth, and Yanting Wang. "Polarization Orientation Angle and Scattering Characteristics of Steep Terrain." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517678.

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Liang, Liting, Yunhua Zhang, and Dong Li. "Range Extension of Polarization Orientation Angle Estimation over Steep Terrain." In 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar46974.2019.9048475.

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Jia, Xiaofeng, and Ru‐Shan Wu. "Imaging steep salt flanks by super‐wide angle one‐way method." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792936.

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Xu-hui Fu and Jiang Hu. "Influence of flow angle on local scour depth in steep gravel river." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5775445.

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Chang, Guiping, Ming Zhu, Rui Tang, Zhiyun Tian, Lixin Ai, Jihuan Peng, Lianguang Ning, and Lei Wang. "Optimal Design for High and Steep Slope Angle of Open-pit Mine." In 2010 Third International Conference on Information and Computing Science (ICIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic.2010.91.

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Elahi, Mirza M., and Avik W. Ghosh. "Current saturation and steep switching in graphene PN junctions using angle-dependent scattering." In 2016 74th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drc.2016.7548421.

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Pereira, Paulo S. D., Marcio M. Mourelle, and Ludimar L. de Aguiar. "Steel Steep Wave Riser as an Alternative Configuration for FPSO’s Compliant Risers." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41098.

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The work was focused in the chase for alternative configurations that could resist to the high FPSO motions in the Brasil’s Pre-Salt harsh wave environment, and that could also be less compliant laterally when compared to the SLWR solution. A case study was taken where an infield 8 inch SLWR configuration has been taken for comparisons. After adjusting the SSWR (Steel Steep Wave Riser) main characteristics such as top angle, buoyant section length, buoyancy modules geometry and spacing, feasible configurations have been obtained. For a configuration to be considered as feasible, a set of verifications have been carried out including extreme events, wave fatigue, vortex induced vibration and installation. The verification was performed considering several riser top connection positions and azimuths along the FPSO riser support balcony. The interference with neighboring risers has been also taken as an important issue, but was taken solely for comparison with the SLWR configurations. The installation phase has been focused including the stages of bottom connection, normal pipe lay and the connection at the FPSO. The main problems associated to the installation phase of the steep wave configuration were identified and addressed in the discussion presented. As the SSWR configuration has a fixed point at the sea bottom, two different solutions for this connection have been studied, and the final choice is described. The main differences between SSWRs and SLWRs, and the possible advantages of the SSWR configuration are discussed and a direct comparison is presented.
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Peter, Jennifer, Jovauna M. Currey, Meir Marmor, Jenni M. Buckley, and William McGann. "Validation of a Simple, Laser-Guided System for Prescribing Acetabular Cup Inclination Angle in Total Hip Arthroplasty." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206322.

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In total hip arthroplasty (THR) cases, it can be technically challenging to achieve the correct inclination angle for the acetabular component. Commercial intra-operative navigation systems have been successfully used to precisely guide acetabular orientation [1]; however, these systems are costly, time consuming, and have a steep learning curve for new users [2]. In an effort to simplify the procedure, McGann et al. have developed a laser-guided system to address the inclination angle [3]. In preliminary clinical trials, this system has been used successfully, but its accuracy and repeatability have never been quantified.
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Sprague, James K., and Shyi-Ping Liu. "Automated Stability Analysis of a Vehicle in Combined Pitch and Roll." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33184.

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This paper presents a rigid body modeling approach using ADAMS™ for an overturning stability analysis of a vehicle stopped at an arbitrary heading angle on a steep grade. The vehicle is modeled as a six-degree-of-freedom rigid body with multiple contact forces acting on the ground. A gravity vector bounded by sets of spherical coordinates is applied to the vehicle to represent the physics of a vehicle stopped on a grade with any arbitrary combination of pitch and roll angles. A design of experiments study is performed to locate the overturning stability boundaries within given levels of design parameters. Results are output using two effective graphical means of depicting the stability regions and magnitude of contact forces.
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Reports on the topic "STEEP ANGLE"

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Ostashev, Vladimir, Michael Muhlestein, and D. Wilson. Extra-wide-angle parabolic equations in motionless and moving media. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42043.

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Wide-angle parabolic equations (WAPEs) play an important role in physics. They are derived by an expansion of a square-root pseudo-differential operator in one-way wave equations, and then solved by finite-difference techniques. In the present paper, a different approach is suggested. The starting point is an extra-wide-angle parabolic equation (EWAPE) valid for small variations of the refractive index of a medium. This equation is written in an integral form, solved by a perturbation technique, and transformed to the spectral domain. The resulting split-step spectral algorithm for the EWAPE accounts for the propagation angles up to 90° with respect to the nominal direction. This EWAPE is also generalized to large variations in the refractive index. It is shown that WAPEs known in the literature are particular cases of the two EWAPEs. This provides an alternative derivation of the WAPEs, enables a better understanding of the underlying physics and ranges of their applicability, and opens an opportunity for innovative algorithms. Sound propagation in both motionless and moving media is considered. The split-step spectral algorithm is particularly useful in the latter case since complicated partial derivatives of the sound pressure and medium velocity reduce to wave vectors (essentially, propagation angles) in the spectral domain.
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Purasinghe, Rupasiri. Experimental determination of post-buckling performance of steel angles. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3156.

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Radhakrishnan, Perumal. Post-buckled performance of partially restrained and intermediately supported steel angles. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5493.

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Mao, Xiao-Yong, Li-Ren Zhou, and Zhen Zhang. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND THEORETIC ANALYSIS ON FIRE RESISTANCE OF ANGLE STEEL STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.099.

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Gilsinn, David E., and W. Tyler Estler. An algorithm to position the NISIT Advanced Automated Master Angle Calibration System (AAMACS) to the least angular step. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4878.

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Mannucci and Demofonti. L51882 Mill Test Techniques for Predicting Crack Arrest Ability in High Toughness Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011210.

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The cost for construction of new pipelines to meet the demand for natural gas can be justified by using high strength materials: however line safety requires steel properties that preclude catastrophic failures should the pipe wall be breached. Important problems faced in the eighties, come now again onto the table of the international scientific community driven directly by the incoming projects of future high productivity transmission lines, and need final solutions. The objective of this project, was to develop a simple laboratory testing method, that can be easily transferred and used in the mill practice, to provide a reliable measure of the ductile fracture toughness, expressed by the critical value of the Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOAc), for high grade/high toughness line pipe steel (grade API X80 and Charpy V shelf energy 200 J). Such parameter has been measured up to now by using the CSM Two Specimen CTOA Test Methodology (methodology developed in the frame of past PRCI sponsored project for gas pipeline steels in grade up to API X80 and with Charpy V shelf energy up to about 200 Joule).
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Thieberger, P., A. Hanson, D. Steski, V. Zajic, S. Zhang, and H. Ludewig. Secondary Electron Yields and Their Dependence on the Angle of Incidence on Stainless Steel Surfaces for Three Energetic Ion Beams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157242.

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Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due to a lower density, free drainage of granular materials, a high internal friction angle, less settlement with no consolidation, and accelerated construction requiring less compaction effort. This project aims to assess the electrochemical properties of expanded shale, clay, and slate (ESCS) aggregates and their influence on the corrosion of embedded steel strips. The experimental methodology involves evaluating current testing methods to measure electrical resistivity, pH, sulfate, chloride, and corrosion considering various gradation, moisture, dilution, and curing conditions. Samples represent available sources of ESCS with one source of normal weight aggregates for comparison. Results indicate the appropriateness of ESCS for addressing corrosion in MSE backfills. Further, outcomes provide guidelines to categorically predict the corrosivity of steel reinforcement when ESCS is employed as fill within MSE systems. These guidelines can help optimize the design and reduce the need to maintain and rehabilitate bridges, abutments, and approach and departure slabs on roadways to keep transportation systems safe and cost-efficient for sustainable infrastructure.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.

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The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.
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