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Journal articles on the topic 'Steelwork'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Steelwork.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Холодняк Ю.С., Подлєсний С.В., Капорович С.В., and Коротенко Є.Д. "ON APPLICATION OF A SIMPLIFIED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF FORCED OSCILLATIONS TO THE POWER ANALYSIS OF FLAT STEELWORKS." Перспективні технології та прилади, no. 15 (January 29, 2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/6775-2313-5352-2019-15-16.

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Abstract. An analysis of existing methods of power calculation of steelworks under the influence of forced oscillations is performed. When considering the forced oscillations of flat steelworks, two-dimensional models are used, which are complex for wide practical use. Their implementation requires in-depth mathematical training and complex computational tools. The aim of this work is to develop a simplified two-dimensional mathematical model of forced oscillations of flat steelworks with following use of this model in power calculations. The mathematical model proposed in this paper describes oscillations of a weightless steelwork with a point mass of simultaneous action in vertical and horizontal harmonic disturbing forces acting on them. The model is based on the method of forces, establishes a link between the movements of the steelworks and the forces that act on them. Together with the model the dependences for calculating the resonant frequencies of the oscillatory system are obtained. The performed developments allow to determine the dynamic characteristics of the oscillatory process and to calculate a steelwork strength, stiffness and stability.

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2

Jakubowski, Jacek, and Przemysław Fiołek. "Evaluation of Stiffness and Dynamic Properties of a Mine Shaft Steelwork Structure through In Situ Tests and Numerical Simulations." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030664.

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A mine shaft steelwork is a three-dimensional frame that directs the vertical motion of conveyances in mine shafts. Here, we conduct field and numerical investigations on the stiffness and dynamic properties of these structures. Based on the design documentation of the shaft, materials data, and site inspection, the steelwork’s finite element model, featuring material and geometric non-linearities, was developed in Abaqus. Static load tests of steelwork were carried out in an underground mine shaft. Numerical simulations reflecting the load test conditions showed strong agreement with the in situ measurements. The validated numerical model was used to assess the dynamic characteristics of the structure. Dynamic linear and non-linear analyses delivered the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and structural response to dynamic loads. The current practices and regulations regarding shaft steelwork design and maintenance do not account for the stiffness of guide-to-bunton connections and disregard dynamic factors. Our experimental and numerical investigations show that these connections provide considerable stiffness, which leads to the redistribution and reduction in bending moments and increased stiffness of the construction. The results also show a high dynamic amplification factor. The omission of these features implicates an incorrect assessment of the design loads and can lead to over- or under-sized structures and ultimately to shortened design working life or failure.

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3

Li, Hai Ying, Hua Liang Wu, Xiao Hong Chen, and Sheng Jian Xie. "Dynamic Analysis of Steelwork of the Small Capacity and Economic Mechanical Parking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.158.

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By using finite element software, the paper establishes the steelwork analysis model of the small capacity and economic mechanical parking system and provides the modal analysis of steelwork in both cases of no-load and full load. In this paper, it provides a theoretical basis for the design of mechanical parking system steelwork.

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4

Harding, J. E. "Structural steelwork connections." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 15, no. 3 (January 1990): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(90)90073-p.

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5

Morris, Glen. "Structural steelwork connections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-020.

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6

Wolny, Stanisław. "Parametric vibrations in mechanical systems on the example of a mining hoist installation." MATEC Web of Conferences 285 (2019): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928500023.

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This study summarises the research efforts undertaken to establish how variable stiffness of shaft steelwork should affect the amplitudes of horizontal displacements of selected components of a conveyance (skip head and skip bottom frame). Most studies investigating the dynamic behaviour of conveyances travelling in the shaft rely on a simplifying assumption whereby the shaft steelwork stiffness is taken to be constant, despite its cyclic variations. This simplification vastly facilitates further dynamic analyses, yet it is necessary to establish which parameters of the shaft steelwork behaviour should be affected, in the context of stiffness in the guiding systems. With regard to parameters of typical hoist installations currently operated in Polish collieries, the study demonstrates that the approach whereby the variable shaft steelwork and its impacts on amplitudes of horizontal displacements of selected components of a conveyance (skip head or bottom frame) should be omitted in the analysis of the hoist dynamics is fully justified and merited in practical applications.

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7

Drzewosz, Agata, and Stanisław Wolny. "The Problem of Stability in Mechanical Systems Using the Example of Mine Hoist Installations." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2024): 6472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156472.

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Investigating the influence of varying shaft steelwork stiffness on the stability of horizontal mass displacements, which are crucial elements of a conveyance-shaft steelwork system, is a significant step in evaluating the risk of parametric vibrations in steel constructions. While the Rayleigh method is limited to the first approximation in the solution to this analysis, it still provides valuable insights. Our examination indicates that the impact of a varying shaft steelwork system may not be noticeable in practical applications. This is a significant finding, as it suggests that the impact of varying stiffness in real working objects may be ignored, because the increase in the parametric resonance effects is negligible. This underscores the importance of our research in understanding the stability of steel constructions. This research, which involves theoretical analysis, simplifies the dynamic analysis of the conveyance-shaft steelwork system’s behavior. The result of the performed analysis is a valuable equation for predicting stable work in real hoist installations.

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8

Formisano, Antonio, and Antonio Davino. "Non-Linear Analysis and Retrofitting by Steelwork of a Precast RC Warehouse." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091350.

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Seismic upgrading and retrofitting of existing constructions is a pressing need for designers and researchers. The necessity of efficient seismic upgrading/retrofitting techniques is, therefore, required in seismic-prone countries, such as Italy. In this framework, steelwork has clearly shown many advantageous applications in the last century. Nonetheless, if compared to other different technologies, steelwork is still limited for consolidation purposes. Moreover, the wide damage provoked by earthquakes to industrial buildings have induced scientific research to investigate the seismic vulnerability of such constructions much more. In the current study, the attention has been, therefore, focused on the use of steelwork systems as anti-seismic intervention techniques from a precast RC industrial warehouse hit by the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes. Besides the usefulness of steelwork in implementing reliable techniques against earthquakes, the paper has the aim of discussing the different seismic behaviour of the building deriving from dissimilar beam-to-column joint types obtained using steelwork interventions. Other than the widely diffused static scheme with hinges, other types of joints (semi-rigid and rigid), along with the presence of a rigid roof, have been investigated, and the different seismic risk indicators derived from these static schemes have been achieved, highlighting the case of the best seismic behaviour of the warehouse. Finally, the effectiveness of local steel interventions in improving the efficient global response of the building has also been highlighted.

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9

Harding, J. E. "Structural steelwork for students." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 12, no. 3-4 (January 1989): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(89)90061-8.

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10

Mills, Robert. "Holbein Gardens: delivering a low-carbon structure with reclaimed steel." Structural Engineer 101, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/crpp8446.

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Holbein Gardens is an office redevelopment project in London being delivered within the UKGBC’s net-zero carbon buildings framework. The project involves the refurbishment of a 1980s concrete-framed building and construction of a one-storey vertical extension. This article describes the design team's approach to minimising the embodied carbon of the project, with a particular focus on the use of reclaimed steel. The article discusses several considerations relating to the reuse of steelwork, including sourcing, design challenges, testing and insurance, and aesthetics. The use of 25t of reclaimed steel on the project is estimated to have saved 35t of carbon compared with new steelwork. An average figure of 0.3kgCO2e/kg (stages A1–A5) has been calculated for the reused steelwork, helping to deliver an overall figure of just 65kgCO2e/m2 for the structural embodied carbon of the building (excluding the facade).

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11

Li, Zhan Fang, Xing Ming Xiao, and Chi Ma. "Vibration Characteristic Analysis of Hoist Cage Excited by Steelwork Defects." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4206.

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Due to steelwork defects, there is undesired vibration of hoist cage in operation which will influence safety of hoist system. In this paper, 6 degrees of freedom vibration model of hoist cage excited by steelwork defects was established first. Then horizontal and vertical vibration characteristics under different defects as well as relationship between vibration amplitude and hoist load, defect size and hoisting velocity were analyzed through simulation. Finally, simulation model was verified by experiment.

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12

Gajdzik, Bożena, Krystian Janiszewski, and Jan Szymszal. "Strategic Investments of Restructured Metallurgical Companies in Sustainability Business." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.205.

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The article presents the strategic investments implemented in metallurgical enterprises in Poland in time of economical changes. After 1989 Polish steelwork plants started restructuring process connected with technological investments. Polish steelwork plants became a part of foreign capital groups or domestic capital groups. Privatised metallurgical enterprises after economic transformation gradually implemented new technology to their business activities. In the publication an overview of the definitions of strategic and development investments was conducted together with the presentation of the key investments which influence the sustainability of the business in the metallurgical enterprise on Polish market. As a case study was used ArcelorMittal Poland company. In 2004 international concern LNM (ArcelorMittal Poland today) bought the biggest Polish steelwork plants. Since that time the capital group invested 3 billion zlotys in new technology and modernization of the plants. Key strategic investment projects in the company were characterized in the paper.

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13

Byatt, Matt. "Business Practice Note No. 17: Provision of appropriate levels of information to steelwork contractors/fabricators." Structural Engineer 96, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/fqha9282.

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14

Plank, R. J. "Wider vocational initiative for structural steelwork." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00055-8.

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15

Duda, Antje. "Hydraulic reactions of LD steelwork slags." Cement and Concrete Research 19, no. 5 (September 1989): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(89)90050-1.

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16

Harding, J. E. "Limit state design of structural steelwork." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 7, no. 2 (January 1987): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(87)90028-9.

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17

Davidson, P. C. "Design of structural steelwork, 2nd edition." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(88)90058-2.

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18

Crowley, Andrew J., and Alastair S. Watson. "Representing Engineering Information for Constructional Steelwork." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0885-9507.00047.

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19

Cleland, D. J. "Design of structural steelwork 2nd edition." Engineering Structures 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(88)90019-3.

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20

Davison, J. B. "Structural steelwork design to BS 5950." Engineering Structures 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(90)90040-y.

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21

Siostrzonek, René, Daniela Pavelková, Lenka Koldová, Jitka Podjuklová, and Petr Strzyž. "Corrosion Protection of Structural Steelwork by a Duplex Coating System." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.162.

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Steel constructions are an integral part of our lives, surrounding us almost everywhere. They are used for erection of various halls, bridge structures, railings etc. Each steelwork is more or less impaired by corrosion, respectively a certain level of corrosion aggressiveness of the environment. Corrosion is the cause of material degradation - referred to rusting. In order to avoid this unwanted phenomenon to the maximum extent possible, we use various methods and technologies protecting the relevant material and preventing from corrosion occurrence and development. This article deals with one of the methods aimed at corrosion protection of structural steelwork - duplex coating system that is assured by means of hot dip galvanizing followed by paint system application.

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22

Callanan, John. "Viewpoint. Time to be lean." Structural Engineer 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/fvdf6250.

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23

Docherty, Hugh. "Historical defects in buildings – No. 6: Regent Street disease." Structural Engineer 102, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/fwzd7138.

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24

Kadhim, Majid, Zhangjian Wu, and Lee Cunningham. "Modelling impact resistance of polymer-laminated steelwork." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 170, no. 1 (March 2017): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jencm.15.00018.

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25

Hack, HP. "Review of Steelwork Corrosion Control—Second Edition." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 32, no. 4 (2004): 12328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12328.

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26

Bortolin, M., M. Raviolo, R. Vacca, and D. Bono. "(P2-20) Explosion At A Steelwork Plant." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100464x.

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IntroductionOn the night of 06 December 2007, an explosion occurred at a steelworks plant in the city of Turin. The incident involved 10 people. The emergency medical services (EMS 118 Turin) declared a mass-casualty incident (MCI).ObjectivesThe aim of this case report is to analyze the response of the EMS 118 Turin to the MCI in order to identify problems or short-comings and improve the service for future responses.MethodsInformation from the dispatch center, medical report of the EMS, and hospitals that received the patients were analyzed.ResultsThe emergency call was placed at 01:04 hours, and the MCI was declared closed at 04:40 hours. The disaster, in according to Disaster Severity Scale (DSS), was classified 3. The METHANE message was sent to the dispatch center by the first ambulance 4 minutes after the call. There were 10 patients: seven T1; one T2; and two T3. The dispatch center deployed nine teams, which consisted of five advanced life support (ALS) teams and four basic life support (BLS) teams. All of the casualties were able to walk when they arrived to the medical care. The T1 casualties had burns to > 80% of their body surface area (BSA), the T2 and T1 casualties suffered inhalation of smoke gas. The first casualties were evacuated to the hospital 28 minutes after the call. Four casualties (three T1 and one T3) were transported to the nearest hospital. the other four T1 casualties were transported to four different hospitals of the city. All the T1 casualties died in the next 24 days.ConclusionsThe management of resources during this MCI was suboptimal. The number of ALS teams that responded to the MCI was high considering the number of casualties and the time taken to resolve the incident. The lessons learned from this incident and other cases have permitted the EMS Turin to improve their response plan concerning the use of resources and surge capacity.

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27

Huang, Bang Fu, Xiao Lei Zhou, Gui Fang Zhang, and Zhe Shi. "Control Model of Steel Ladle Base on Overlap Time among the Different Casts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.155.

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Steel ladle is the indispensable vessel of transporting and refining molten steel. In order to realize efficient control of steel ladle and optimize the production organization of steelworks, the operational control model of steel ladles should be proposed. Based on steel ladles of Z steelwork as the research object, operation mode and turnover cycle of steel ladle were analyzed. Through drawing out steel ladle Gantt chart of single continuous caster and analyzing operation characteristics of steel ladle, calculation model of turnover number and rotation ratio of single continuous caster was put forward. Through drawing out steel ladle turnover Gantt chart of 3 continuous casters and analyzing mixed use characteristics of cast overlap time greater than, less than, and in between steel ladle turnover cycle of 3 continuous casters, the operational control model of steel ladles was put forward. Researches show that the model can effectively reduce amount of steel ladle turnover number and raise steel ladle rotation ratio when casting heat number of CC is less than steel ladle turnover number during the overlap time.

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28

Hills, William, I. L. Buxton, and Robert G. Maddison. "Design for Steelwork Production During the Concept Design Phase." Journal of Ship Production 6, no. 03 (August 1, 1990): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1990.6.3.151.

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Methods of improving the level of pre-contract design definition and the quality of information relating to steelwork are described. This information is combined with a comprehensive database of manufacturing process information to provide a system for estimating the work content of the main structural steelwork of ships such as roll-on/roll-off vessels. Procedures are described which facilitate consistent estimates to be made while minimizing data-handling requirements and increasing the flexibility of the method at the concept design stage. Applications are described which demonstrate the use of the system in investigations which examine the variation of factors which influence labor cost. The factors examined include the effect of changing midship block breakdown and length of productive day. Suggestions are made as to how the system can be used to assess the importance of those factors which may improve overall yard production efficiency and assist in the planning function.

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29

Sokolov, Sergey, and Aleksey Grachev. "Local Criterion for Strength of Elements of Steelwork." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 12, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v12i5.14582.

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30

Jakubowski, Jacek, and Przemysław Fiołek. "Probabilistic structural reliability assessment of underground shaft steelwork." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 130 (December 2022): 104755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2022.104755.

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31

LESTON JONES, L. C., L. C. L. JONES, I. W. BURGESS, T. LENNON, and R. J. PLANK. "ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE MOMENT-ROTATION TESTS ON STEELWORK CONNECTIONS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 122, no. 4 (November 1997): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1997.29830.

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32

Xing-ming, Xiao, Li Zhan-fang, and Zhang Jun. "Study on fault mechanism of shaft hoist steelwork." Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 1, no. 1 (September 2009): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2009.09.208.

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33

Hogan, T. J. "Limit states design of steelwork connections in Australia." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 23, no. 1-3 (January 1992): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(92)90042-d.

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34

Brimacombe, L., C. Jackson, and N. Schofield. "Artificial intelligence expert systems for steelwork pollution control." Revue de Métallurgie 98, no. 1 (January 2001): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2001164.

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35

Fiołek, Przemysław, and Jacek Jakubowski. "Assessment of the Bending Moment Capacity of Naturally Corroded Box-Section Beams." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195766.

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The steel constructions of mine shaft steelwork are particularly exposed to aggressive environments, which cause large, nonuniform corrosion loss throughout the steel members. A correct assessment of corrosion loss and load-carrying capacity of shaft steelwork is crucial for its maintenance and safe operation. In this article, we present the results of laboratory, numerical, and analytical investigations conducted on naturally corroded steel guides disassembled from shaft steelwork. The steel guides considered had a closed profile formed by welding two hot-rolled channel sections. Laboratory bending tests were carried out on beams with various levels of corrosion loss, corresponding to compact, non-compact, and slender cross sections. Multiple detailed measurements of the thicknesses of naturally corroded walls were used in order to reproduce their nonuniform geometry in finite element (FE) models. The results of numerical simulations of five bending tests showed good agreement with laboratory measurements and replicated the observed failure modes, therefore confirming the applicability of this modeling approach for assessing the moment capacity of highly corroded steel beams when the deteriorated geometry is known. For the purpose of generalization, a series of derived models reflecting the natural corrosion pattern was then developed, and moment capacity statistics were collected through multiple simulations. They showed that the mean moment capacity is determined by the mean wall thickness. However, the minimum moment capacity is strongly affected by corrosion loss variation, particularly for the highly corroded beams. A simplified, analytical modeling approach was also examined, providing fairly good assessments of the mean; however, the minimum moment capacity could not be estimated. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the mechanical behavior of highly corroded hot-rolled box-section beams.

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36

BURDEKIN, F. M. "TECHNICAL NOTE. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDED STRUCTURAL STEELWORK." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 99, no. 1 (February 1993): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1993.22557.

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37

Anumba, C. J., A. N. Baldwin, D. Bouchlaghem, B. Prasad, A. F. Cutting-Decelle, J. Dufau, and M. Mommessin. "Integrating Concurrent Engineering Concepts in a Steelwork Construction Project." Concurrent Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 2000): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x0000800304.

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38

Bevington, P., R. Gartman, W. Chalupczak, C. Deans, L. Marmugi, and F. Renzoni. "Non-destructive structural imaging of steelwork with atomic magnetometers." Applied Physics Letters 113, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 063503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5042033.

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39

Bancila, Radu, Liviu Gadeanu, and Dan Dubina. "Constructional steelwork developments in Romania: Present and future trends." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00017-0.

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40

Duda, Antje. "Aspects of the sulfate resistance of steelwork slag cements." Cement and Concrete Research 17, no. 3 (May 1987): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(87)90001-9.

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41

Purkiss, J. A. "Developments in the fire safety design of structural steelwork." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 11, no. 3 (January 1988): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(88)90040-5.

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42

Y., Mahfouz, and Toropov V. "ANTI-OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS ARISING IN OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURAL STEELWORK." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 9, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 2001): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2001.24846.

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43

Kim, Geun-Bae, Yong-Sung Cho, Tack-Shin Kang, Kyung Chul Yang, and Hye Jeong Jo. "Air pollution and Biological exposure near Large Integrated Steelwork." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 4760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-01-04.

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44

Sima, P., and M. Přibyl. "Lightweight Preheating Stands and Lids Used in Steelwork Trinec." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 66, no. 7 (March 2017): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401223.

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45

Robb, J. "Structural steelwork: Design to limit state theory (2nd Edn)." Construction and Building Materials 6, no. 3 (January 1992): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(92)90013-o.

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46

Ricardo, Angel R., Israel F. Benítez, Guillermo González, and José R. Nuñez. "Multi-agent system for steel manufacturing process." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2441-2453.

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<span>This work was carried out in the company ACINOX Las Tunas, Cuba, to design an integrated automation architecture based on intelligent agents for control, monitoring, and decision-making in the production process that guarantees an improvement in planning and management of the process in the steelwork plant. The great differences of technologies and systems of each steel mill and the multiple restrictions, methods, and techniques, within a wide dynamic strongly concatenated, do not generalize automation systems feasibly. In our research, we use international research results and the experience of the plant technologists to create three levels of distributed intelligent architecture: business, production planning-control, and steel manufacturing. Each level manages to integrate and balance the particular and general interests for efficient decision-making combined between hierarchy and heterarchy in this steelwork plant, which will be reflected in a reduction of at least 99% of the time used for decision-making concerning the current system, which can lead to a decrease in refractory costs, energy consumption, and production cost. The effectiveness of the solution is demonstrated with scenario validation and expert evaluation.</span>

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47

Min, Kyung Suk. "A Study on Smart Technology Utilization Plans in Construction Sites in Preparation for the Serious Accidents Punishment Act." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 17 (July 30, 2022): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2022.17.267.

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This study proposed a plan to easily handle the work of safety management officer at construction sites by effectively performing safety management work at construction sites using smart technology in preparation for the Serious Accidents Punishment Act. As a result of analyzing the research trends of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, it can be summarized into network analysis studies such as problems and improvement directions, countermeasures from subcontractors and small and medium-sized construction companies, site size, etc. The relationship between the detailed process of the construction site and smart technology, which is the core of this study, was found in the order of earthwork, steelwork, roof work, reinforced concrete work, window work, drainpipe metal work, civil work, and stone work. This means that when smart technology is applied, the response to serious accidents factors is relatively highly related, so it can be effectively managed. The definitive weight of smart technology for the detailed construction process was determined as the top items: earthworks, steelworks, roof works, 65%, reinforced concrete works 20%, window works 10%, drainpipe works 3%, and stone works 2%. Based on this, it can be prepared by applying the degree of input of smart technology to the detailed schedule of construction sites in order to increase the practical use of smart technology in preparation for the Severe Accidents Punishment Act.

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Photiou, Nikolaos K., Len C. Hollaway, and Marios K. Chryssanthopoulos. "Selection of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems for Steelwork Upgrading." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 2006): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2006)18:5(641).

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49

Qamar, Furqan, and Majid Ali. "Modification of traditional supporting steelwork system for non-standard structures." Engineering Structures 96 (August 2015): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.056.

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50

Dolling, Chris, and David Moore. "Understanding the cost of structural steelwork. Part 1: Initial estimates." Structural Engineer 98, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/vfen6953.

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Cost is a key consideration in many design decisions, so an understanding of approximate costs and cost drivers is a professional skill that structural engineers are advised to develop through their careers. This article is the first of two; it provides an introduction to initial cost estimates for structural steelwork and the key cost drivers in the early design stages of a project. The second article will present some best practice design guidance for optimising the cost of steel construction to provide best value during design development.

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