Journal articles: 'Steel, Structural Joints'

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KUREJKOVÁ, Marta, and František WALD. "Design of haunches in structural steel joints." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 6 (June 22, 2017): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1281838.

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The paper presents research in design of haunches in structural steel joints. Experimental results of six specimens of haunches with and without flanges are presented. Three specimens are without flanges and three specimens are supported by additional flanges. Flanges differ in stiffness to observe the increase in haunch resistances and the effect on buckling shapes. The research finite element model (RFEA) is studied by material and geometrical nonlinear finite element analysis with imperfections under the actual stress conditions and validated on the measured experimental data. The validity is demonstrated on the comparison of load-deflection curves, failure modes, stress distributions and yield line patterns. The stability analysis of a joint with a haunch is related to the research into component based finite element models of complex joints. The input and the results of the research finite element model are summarised in a benchmark case of a haunch with a flange. A numerical study illustrates the effect of the flange stiffness on the joint’s resistance. The effect is demonstrated on a simple arrangement with triangular stiffeners and on a beam-to-column joint. The main goal of the research is to verify proposed design procedure for stiffeners in steel joints.

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HU, Ju-Yun, and Won-Kee HONG. "Steel beam–column joint with discontinuous vertical reinforcing bars." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 440–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1210217.

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The authors have previously proposed steel beam–column connections for precast concrete frames. The steel–concrete composite frames combined the advantages of the fast assembly of steel and the low cost of concrete structures. However, when not enough space is available at column–beam joints, steel sections from beams cannot be connected with column brackets. To address this issue, this paper explores the strategy of disconnecting some vertical reinforcing bars at the joints by connecting vertical steel reinforcements to steel plates placed above and below column steels, to provide a load transfer path. Loads from re-bars are transferred to steel plates, column steels, and back to steel plates and re-bars below the column steels. This strategy provided space for beam–column joints of composite frames. Extensive experiments were performed to verify load transfer from re-bars to steel plates above joints and from the steel plates to re-bars below the joint. The flexural load-bearing capacity of a column with a total of 24 vertical re-bars was compared to that of columns with discontinuous re-bars at the joints; the number of discontinuous re-bars at the joint used in the column specimens tested was 0 (0.0%), 4 (16.7%), 12 (50.0%), and 20 (83.3%).

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Grigorenko, G. M., V. D. Poznyakov, T. A. Zuber, and V. A. Kostin. "Peculiarities of formation of structure in welded joints of microalloyed structural steel S460M." Paton Welding Journal 2017, no. 10 (October 28, 2017): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2017.10.01.

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Skowrońska, Beata, Tomasz Chmielewski, and Dariusz Zasada. "Assessment of Selected Structural Properties of High-Speed Friction Welded Joints Made of Unalloyed Structural Steel." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010093.

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Commonly used S235JR structural steel, generally associated with good weldability, was joined by high-speed friction welding (HSFW). The friction welding tests were performed with a rotational speed of n = 8000 rpm and four different values of the unit pressure in the friction phase (pf) in the range of 64–255 MPa. The obtained joints were subjected to metallographic observations using an optical microscope; in selected zones of friction joints the average grain size was specified in accordance with the EN ISO 643:2012 standard; the hardness of friction joints was measured using the Vickers method. The friction-welded joint with the highest pf was EBSD-investigated. The obtained friction-welded joints resembled an hourglass, and the microstructure of individual zones of the joints differed depending on the height (axis, radius) of the observations. The generated joining conditions resulted in a significant refinement of the microstructure in the friction weld—the average grain size is about 1 µm2 (for base material it was 21 µm2). The highest increase in hardness above 340 HV0.1 was recorded in the friction weld of the welded joint with the lowest used value pressure in the friction phase. Such a sharp increase in hardness can make the resulting friction-welded joint become sensitive to dynamic or fatigue loads. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) investigation confirmed the strong refinement of the microstructure in the friction-welded joint and the occurrence of the phenomenon of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The friction weld was also characterized by a large share of high-angle boundaries (HAGBs) >80%. These results may indicate that during high-speed friction welding it is possible to create conditions like those obtained during the High-Pressure Torsion (the method used to produce UFG materials) process.

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Peng, Li Ying, Jun Wei, and Xia Ban. "Experimental Study on Influence on Structural Mechanical Behavior Caused by Steel Bar Corrosion of Hollow Slab Hinge Joints." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1058.

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Through experiment and theoretical analysis, this paper researched the influence of steel bar corrosion of hollow slab hinge joints on the structural mechanical behavior. The results showed that when load was little corrosion of hinge joints steel bar would do little to affect the joint between hollow slabs and hinge joints would work together with hollow slabs as a whole. When load was large, corrosion of hinge joints steel bar would decrease the joint between hollow slabs.

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Jiao, Jin Feng, Han Wu, Xue Dong Shi, and Hong Gang Lei. "The Static Analysis about Complicated-Welded on Tubular Rectangle-Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.956.

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Welded rectangular steel tubular joints have been widely used in large span complicated steel structure engineering .With the type of the joints and structural measures complicated, there is no suitable joints theory formula in design specifications. In this paper, two different structural measures types of umbrella steel truss # 8 joints and 68 # joints in a Railway Station are static analysis ,which is by means of finite element software ANSYS and based on the principle of the joints member loading simultaneously. The analysis results show that: in the case of the joints member loading simultaneously, the carrying capacity variation of each member is not uniform coordination; With the different angle between the branch pipe of joints and main pipe, the changes of the degree of stress concentration in the four side surfaces of the member is different. The maximum difference is about 2-fold; compared 68 #joint with 8 # joint, its degree of stress concentration on the overall is small, which prove that structural measures of its domain joints is reasonable.

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Razmyshlyaev, O. D., S. Yu Maksymov, O. M. Berdnikova, O. O. Prylypko, O. S. Kushnyaryova, and T. O. Alekseyenko. "Effect of external electromagnetic field configuration on metal structure of welded joints of structural steel." Paton Welding Journal 2022, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2022.10.02.

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Kralj, Anton, and Davor Skejić. "GENERATIVE DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL STEEL JOINTS." Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek 12, no. 23 (December 15, 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2021.23.3.

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Structural project is based on technical regulations, structural codes, construction conditions, and client requirements. Through the structural design process, some important decisions that can significantly affect the final result must be implemented. The most important factor for optimal design is the reduction in material and overall work costs. Selecting appropriate joint configurations that can reduce the overall weight and work on the structure is critical. To examine a significant number of possible configurations and their effect on structural behavior, the generative design method (GDM) is used. In this study, software is custom developed, and a relevant example of generative joint structural design is provided. The methodology for the optimal joint and structure design is described comprehensively. The final results show that the GDM is an effective methodology for application in the design of steel structures.

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Li, Yan, Rong-Hua Zhao, Dong-Yi Li, and Chang Qu. "Study on Seismic Performance of Recycled Steel Fibers Locally Reinforced Cruciform Concrete Frame Beam-Column Joint." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8155038.

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At present, concrete frame structures are widely used, and the frame beam-column joints are the key parts of the whole frame in seismic resistance. In previous studies, recycled steel fiber-reinforced concrete is a new type of environment-friendly reinforcement material, which can also be widely used in the construction industry. Therefore, in this paper, MTS electrohydraulic servo loading systems were used to carry out low-cycle reciprocating cyclic loading tests to study the seismic performance of five 1/2 scale cruciform concrete frame beam-column joint specimens with plain concrete, normal steel fiber-reinforced concrete, and three recycled steel fiber-reinforced concrete with different fiber contents in the joint core area. The results show that the addition of normal steel fibers can improve the bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and shear strength of concrete frame joint specimens and delay the stiffness degradation of joint specimens, recycled steel fibers can improve the seismic performance of the cruciform concrete frame joints better than normal steel fibers, and the seismic performance increases gradually with the increases of volume ratio of recycled steel fibers. Moreover, with the recycled steel fiber content from 0.5% to 1.0% and then to 1.5%, the increased amplitude of the seismic performance of joint specimens increases. Considering the reinforcing effect of recycled steel fibers on concrete matrix and based on the design formula of shear capacity of reinforced concrete joints, the design formulas of shear capacity of recycled steel fiber-reinforced concrete beam-column joints were established by using the statistical analysis method and the baroclinic rod-truss model, and the calculation results were in good agreement with the test results. This study can provide references for seismic performance research of steel fiber-reinforced beam-column joints and the recycling of steel wire from waste tires.

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Zhang, Dongfang, Junhai Zhao, and Shuanhai He. "Cyclic Testing of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Column to Steel Beam Joint with RC Slab." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7126393.

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The design of composite joints for connecting concrete-filled double-skin tubular (CFDST) columns to steel beams supporting reinforced concrete (RC) slabs is presented in this paper. Five half-scale specimens were designed, including four composite joints with RC slab and one bare steel beam joint, and were tested under a constant axially compressive force and lateral cyclic loading at the top end of the column to evaluate their seismic behavior. The main experimental parameters were the construction of the joint and the type of the column. The seismic behaviors, including the failure modes, hysteresis curves, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The failure modes of the composite joints depended on the joint construction and on the stiffness ratio of beams to columns. Joints of stiffening type had significantly higher load-bearing and deformation capacities than joints of nonstiffening type. Compared with the bare steel beam joint, the bearing capacities of the composite joints with RC slabs were markedly increased. The composite action was remarkable under sagging moments, resulting in larger deformation on the bottom flanges of the beams. Overall, most specimens exhibited full hysteresis loops, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficients were 0.282∼0.311. The interstory drift ratios satisfied the requirements specified by technical regulations. Composite connections of this type exhibit excellent ductility and favorable energy dissipation and can be effectively utilized in superhigh-rise buildings erected in earthquake zones.

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Wang, Hai Jun, Yong Yao, Yun Peng Chu, and Dai Guo Chen. "Numerical Simulation on Beam-Column Joint in the Added-Layers Steel Structure under Monotonic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3460.

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Add layers for low-rise steel structure building can improve its using function. Use ANSYS analyze three added-layers beam-column joints of steel structure under the Monotonic loading. The results showed that: the joint reinforced by angles belongs to semi-rigid joint. Considering the construction and Structural requirements, the performance of this type joint is the most economical of all. The three joints all experience fully elastic deformation before them destructed, although the joint with only weld is deformation and failure, and the joint reinforced by haunched slab have larger deformability to resistance the plastic deformation, ultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness, is one of the most conservative way of the joint’s reinforcement.

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SZCZUCKA-LASOTA, Bożena, Tomasz WĘGRZYN, Bogusław ŁAZARZ, Adam JUREK, and Krzysztof WILCZYŃSKI. "Welding of pins to mobile platforms arms." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 109 (December 1, 2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2020.109.16.

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There is an increasing demand for mixed joints made of hard-weldable steels used in the construction of transport means. An illustration of this is the welding of movable platform elements such as a pin to arm joints. The pin is made of high-strength structural steel S690 QL (1.8928) while the arm of the movable platform is made of DOCOL 1200M steel from the AHSS group (Advanced High-Strength Steel). Such a joint is not easy to make due to the different chemical composition of both steels. The difference in thickness of welded elements creates an additional difficulty. The thickness of the cylindrical pin is 40 mm, whereas the thickness of the sheet metal used for the platform arm is much smaller and amounts to 2 mm. Joints of varying thickness and chemical composition tend to produce cracks in the heat-affected zone as well as in the weld. The purpose of this article is to determine the most appropriate welding parameters and the selection of additional materials to obtain correct joint with good mechanical properties, free of welding defects and incompatibilities.

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Wang, Zhijian, Bin Li, Pei Liu, Zhen Wang, and Shaohua He. "Evaluation of structural performance of steel-concrete joints in Hybrid Girder Bridges." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 47 (December 12, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2022.23039.

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The steel-concrete joint, serving as a transition zone between the steel and concrete girders, is the key component for transferring force among the hybrid girder systems. Despite the expected smooth transition of stiffness, high strength, easy fabrication, and verified static resistance, the structural performance of the steel-concrete joint under service loadings in a long-term period remains unclear. In this study, a FE model of a 1/2 steel-concrete joint from a real bridge is established to explore the long-term performance of the structure. Numerical results show that the minimal relative slip between the concrete infill and steel girder indicated the reliable capability of the steel-concrete joint, and the maximum concrete and steel stresses are 8.8 MPa and 192.8 MPa, respectively, which are far less than the material’s ultimate strength. The outcomes of this study can serve as a reference for analyzing the long-term performance of steel-concrete joints in hybrid girder bridges.

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P.J. Fanning and M.J. Tucker. "Experimental Nonlinear FE Modelling & Eurocode 3 Analyses of Steel Flush Endplate Joints." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 10 (January 1, 2010): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.10123.

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Structural steel joints form an integral part of all structural steel frames and regardless of the joint type employed the behaviour and response of the joints is of primary importance in determining the manner in which the frame resists both vertical and horizontal loading. An understanding of joint stiffness, strength and ductility is required. Eurocode 3 provides guidance for predicting the ultimate strength, rotational capacity and rotational stiffness of steel flush endplate joints. This paper examines in detail the correlation be-tween Eurocode 3 predictions and actual behaviour recorded in full scale tests and validated numerical mod-els. The detailed three dimensional finite element analysis methods used enable the significant differences to be explained by reference to the initial assumptions made in the Eurocode 3 calculations.

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Li, Zhenbao, Yashuang Liu, Hua Ma, Qianqian Wang, and Zhenyun Tang. "Seismic Performance of Full-Scale Joints Composed by Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Column and Reinforced Concrete Beam with Steel Plate-Stud Connections." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 18, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5476909.

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A concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column has the advantages of high bearing capacity, high stiffness, and good ductility, while reinforced concrete (RC) structure systems are familiar to engineers. The combinational usage of CFST and RC components is playing an important role in contemporary projects. However, existing CFST column-RC beam joints are either too complex or have insufficient stiffness at the interface, so their practical engineering application has been limited. In this study, the results of a practical engineering project were used to develop two kinds of CFST column-RC beam joints that are connected by vertical or U-shaped steel plates and studs. The seismic performance of full-scale column-beam joints with a shear span ratio of 4 was examined when they were subjected to a low-cyclic reversed loading test. The results showed a plump load-displacement curve for the CFST column-RC beam joint connected by steel plates and studs, and the connection performance satisfied the building code. The beam showed a bending failure mode similar to that of traditional RC joints. The failure area was mainly concentrated outside the steel plate, and the plastic hinge moved outward from the ends of the beam. When the calculated cross section was set at the ends of the beam, the bending capacity of joints with the vertical or U-shaped steel plates and studs increased compared to the RC joint. However, when the calculated cross section was set to the failure area, the capacity was similar to that of the RC joint. The proposed joints showed increases in the energy dissipation, average energy dissipation coefficient, and ductility coefficient compared to the RC joint.

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Amsyar, Faisal, Cher Siang Tan, Chau Khun Ma, and Arizu Sulaiman. "Review on Composite Joints for Cold-Formed Steel Structures." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186508006.

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Introduction of the lightweight cold-formed steel (CFS) sections to building construction has been well-established these days due to its high structural performance, corrosion resistance, ease of construction and maintenance as well as aesthetic appearance. In the early of 21th century, researchers found out that the structural performance of the CFS can be improved significantly by integrating it with other materials, for instance, concrete, to create the composite system. This is due to concrete material is excellent in compression but less effective to resist tension force. There were little works being carried out and lack of technical literature regarding on the composite connections for CFS structural frames, especially on the composite beam-to-column joints. This paper aims to collect and review on the previous researches of composite joints for CFS structures from the past two decades. The review is made in three distinctive topics i.e. CFS beam-to-column joints, composite beam-to-slab joints and composite beam-to-column joints. Most of the investigations indicated that composite joint yields higher ultimate load and moment resistance compared to the non-composite joint.

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Barat, Vera, Artem Marchenkov, Vladimir Bardakov, Marina Karpova, Daria Zhgut, and Sergey Elizarov. "Features of Acoustic Emission in Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welded Joints of Pearlitic and Austenitic Steels." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 11892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411892.

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This paper presents a study of acoustic emission (AE) during the deformation of dissimilar welded joints of austenitic steel to pearlitic steel. One of the specific problems in these welded joints is the presence of decarburized and carbide diffusion interlayers, which intensively increase in width during long-term high-temperature operation. The presence of wide interlayers negatively affects the mechanical properties of welded joints. Moreover, welded defects are difficult to diagnose in welded joints containing interlayers: due to the high structural heterogeneity, interlayers create structural noises that can hinder the detection of defects such as cracks, pores, or a lack of penetration. The AE method may become a complex decision for diagnosing dissimilar welded joints due to applicability to the testing of heterogenic materials with a complex microstructure. Specimens cut from dissimilar welded joints of austenitic steel to pearlitic steel were tested by tension to rupture, with parallel AE data registration. According to the research results, the characteristic features of the AE were revealed for specimens containing defects in the form of lack of penetration as well as for specimens with diffusion interlayers. The results obtained show that the AE method can be used to test both typical welding defects and diffusion interlayers in welded joints of steels of different structural classes.

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Milčić, Dragan, Dragan Mitić, Nenad Radović, Miodrag Milčić, and Aleksija Đurić. "Characterization of welded joints with Partial penetration on S355N structural steel." Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije 66, no. 4 (2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zzk2104149m.

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Existing standards require welded joints with full penetration. It is considered that welded joints with complete penetration minimize the stress concentration in the root passage. However, there are numerous situations in the industry, in which the load-bearing capacity of the welded joint with partial penetration is satisfactory. If the tests of partially penetrated welds show satisfactory load capacity, the benefits compared to fully penetrated welds are reflected in lower costs, ie less time is required to prepare the joint, less additional material is needed, ie shorter time is required to make the welded joint. The paper presents the testing of butt welded joints of structural steel S355N, with partial penetration, achieved by the MAG welding in the overhead position (PD) in the protection of the gas mixture. The samples were welded with different welding parameters and with different joint preparation, and the tests were performed by non destructive methods (visual inspection, testing with penetrants and magnetic particles) and destructive methods - tension and bending tests, Vickers hardness testing.

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Sun, Huibin, Wei Lu, Jiancai Wang, Quangang Ren, Xin Xu, Debin Han, Xu Li, Huixiang Yang, Lianbang Wei, and Yan Liu. "Comparative Study on Compressive and Flexural Properties of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arch Joints." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148916.

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Studying the bearing mechanism of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch components and constructing the quantitative design method of the CFST arch is an important subject in underground support. In order to clarify the bending and compression properties of CFST arch joints, considering different structural parameters of the joint, bending and compression tests of square CFST components without joints, with tubular joints and with flange joints were carried out. The mechanical properties and failure modes of the bending and compression combinations of each component were analyzed, and the influence of structural parameters of joints on their bearing capacity was clarified. The results show that (1) the failure mode of the component without a joint and the component with a tubular joint present uniform curve deformation, and the flange joint presents typical brittle failure and broken line failure; (2) compared to the specimens without a joint and with a flange joint, the tubular joint has higher yielding strength and ultimate strength due to the strengthening effect of the tubular joint, while the bending bearing capacity is 623.639 KN; (3) the tubular length and flange thickness are the key structural parameters of the two types of joints, which have a significant influence on the bending capacity of the specimens; (4) the tubular joint has a simple structure and high bearing capacity, so it should be used as the preferred joint connection form of the concrete-filled steel tubular support arch in deep mine roadways with complex conditions.

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Biłous, Paweł, and Tadeusz Łagoda. "Structural notch effect in steel-welded joints." Welding International 26, no. 2 (February 2012): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2010.540855.

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Zhu, Chen, Kim J. R. Rasmussen, and Shen Yan. "Generalised component model for structural steel joints." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 153 (February 2019): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.10.026.

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Biłous, Paweł, and Tadeusz Łagoda. "Structural notch effect in steel welded joints." Materials & Design 30, no. 10 (December 2009): 4562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.022.

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Kou, Suxia, Xiuhua Zhang, Wancheng Li, and Chunlei Song. "Dynamic Response Parameter Analysis of Steel Frame Joints under Blast Loading." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040433.

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A finite element model of steel frame joints is established using finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The ideal triangular impact load is used to numerically analyze the dynamic response of steel frame welded joints under blast loading, the main factors affecting this response, and the failure modes of three types of joints, so as to provide reference for the antiexplosive design of steel frame joints. The results show that steel frame joints vibrate violently in the explosive blast direction. Due to the strain rate effect, the strength of steel increases, the material enters the plastic strengthening stage, and there is a certain residual displacement. In addition, displacement and stress caused by blast action in the joint area are large, and the flange shear failure of the beam and column is prone to occur in the joint. Increasing the flange width of the beam and the column cannot improve the antiexplosive performance of the joints, while increasing their thickness can. Furthermore, bolted and welded joints have the highest stiffness and best antiexplosion performance, followed by welded joints, while the antiexplosion performance of bolted joints was the worst.

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Tartaglia, Roberto, Mario D'Aniello, Gian Andrea Rassati, James A. Swanson, and Raffaele Landolfo. "Influence of Composite Slab on the Nonlinear Response of Extended End-Plate Beam-to-Column Joints." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.818.

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Extended stiffened end-plate connections are widely used in seismic area due to their good performance in terms of both resistance and ductility. The most of existing studies focused on the all-steel behavior of these joints, disregarding the composite action of the concrete slab that is generally disconnected. However, the presence of the concrete slab can have beneficial effects on the structural stiffness for both gravity and lateral loads. Hence, most of the building frames are usually designed considering steel-concrete composite solution. However, the slab can strongly influence the hierarchy between beam and column and the ductility of the joint. In this paper the influence of composite deck on the response of extended stiffened end-plate joins has been investigated by means of finite element analyses (FEAs). In particular, the following details have been investigated: (i) all steel joints without slab; (ii) steel joint with disconnected slab; (iii) composite joint.

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Valencia Clement, Gabriel F. "Joints in steel buildings." Ingeniería e Investigación 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v26n1.14682.

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Masonry and steel components used in constructing buildings are in a constant state of motion. Volumetric changes are produced by temperature variation and deformation resulting from static or dynamic loading and in some materials, such as masonry, due to moisture content. This article addresses means of determining when expansion and seismic joints are required and how to proportion and design appropriate joints, specifically in steel buildings. It does not cover the study of expansion joints in concrete structures, in masonry construction or in non-structural (architectural) elements.

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Taranu, George, Vasile-Mircea Venghiac, Ioana Olteanu-Dontov, Ancuta Rotaru, and Ionut-Ovidiu Toma. "Sustainable Design for CFS Structures: Experimental Data and Numerical Models of Hinged Connections." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137813.

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Cold-formed steel structures represent a suitable alternative to classical, by now, structural solutions considering the recycling/reuse tendency worldwide as part of the circular economy paradigm. The paper presents a new design approach for CFS profile joints to accurately predict their realistic behavior, based on experimental and numerical investigation of two types of connectors frequently used in the construction industry for manufacturing joints made of CFS profiles: steel-steel pop-rivets (SSPR) and self-tapping screws (STS). The experiments carried out in the case of T-joints subjected to tensile forces tested both solutions. Another significant parameter of the research was the thickness of the steel sheet used to make the CFS profiles. A number of 20 specimens of T-joints made of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) profiles in total were tested. These consist of five specimens for each of two types of steel sheet thicknesses. The results are relevant for designers because they provide relevant data concerning the limited axial rigidity of T-joints, which are an important instrument in numerical models for achieving the optimum design of the structural system in terms of strength and overall rigidity. Experimental tests calibrate the numerical model that accounts for the axial stiffness of the hinged joints between the CFS profiles. The main parameters of the research are the thickness of the steel sheet and the connector type. The calibrated numerical model used in a case study highlights the advantages of the new approach compared to the classical design procedure based on a conventional hinged connection. Based on the results, the conclusion is that, besides the geometry of the joint and the connector type, the joint stiffness plays a crucial role in the overall behavior of the structural system and should be accounted for in the design process.

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Meneghetti, G., A. Campagnolo, D. Berto, E. Pullin, and S. Masaggia. "Fatigue strength of austempered ductile iron-to-steel dissimilar arc-welded joints." Welding in the World 65, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 667–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-01058-z.

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AbstractNowadays, the use of different classes of materials in the same structure is increased to keep pace with innovation and high structural performances. In this context, structural components made of different materials need to be joined together and a possible solution is given by arc welding. Dissimilar welded joints must often be able to withstand fatigue loads; however, Design Standards provide fatigue strength categories only for homogeneous welded joints. The aim of the present paper is to compare the fatigue behaviour of EN-GJS-1050 austempered ductile iron-to-S355J2 steel dissimilar joints to the categories of the corresponding homogeneous steel welded joints, as suggested in International Standards and Recommendations. For this purpose, experimental fatigue tests were performed on a selection of dissimilar welded details. First, the microstructure was identified by metallographic analysis; micro-hardness measurements were collected and residual stress profiles were obtained by using the X-ray diffraction technique on a selection of joints. Misalignments were quantified for all specimens. Then, experimental fatigue tests have been performed on a number of joint geometries subject to axial or bending fatigue loadings and tested in the as-welded conditions. The fracture surfaces of the joints have been analysed to locate fatigue crack nucleation sites.

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Hatala, Michal, Imrich Orlovský, and Svetlana Radchenko. "Influence of Welding Parameters to Quality of Welds from Structural Steel." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.287.

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Welding is the most widely used technology of creating permanent joints in the engineering industry. Correct setting of welding parameters predisposes quality weld joint without unwanted defects. Article deals with the influence of fusion welding parameters on the final quality welds. Describes the thermal cycle of welding and its effects on the weld joint and theoretically describes used methods MIG / MAG. Core of the article is devoted to the description of the experiment and on the technological parameters of the welding process. Quality of weld is tested visually, metallographic and microhardness measurement of the weld joints.

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Wu, Chong, Guo Tao Yang, Zu Lin He, De Fu He, and Qing Tian Su. "Numerical Investigation and Structural Analysis on the Springing Joint of a Steel Truss Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1268.

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Arch springing is an important critical joint in a steel truss arch bridge, and it has a great influence on the mechanical behavior of the global structure. The adoption of a reasonable structure of the springing joint is of important significance in the design of an arch bridge. In this paper, with regard to the structure of Xinshiji Bridge, two types of arch springing were put forward. In Scheme-1, the lower chords of steel truss arch ribs are connected to the concrete piers with shear studs on the ribs and cap plates welded on the ribs at the top of concrete piers., while Scheme-2 is a integrated spring joint with a base plate on the bottom of the steel arch ribs and with reinforcing bars through the holes on the joints steel arch ribs. 3D finite element models of the two types of springing joint were established and the relative slips between the concrete and steel were taken into account in the analyses. The mechanical behavior of the concrete and the steel structure of the joints under applied loads was investigated and the analysis result showed that Scheme-2 is a relative better structure of springing joint, with less principle tensile stress in concrete and less Mises stress in steel plates.

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30

Dalcin, Rafael Luciano, Ivan Guerra Machado, Arnaldo Ruben Gonzalez, and Cintia Cristiane Petry Mazzaferro. "Bending Strength of Welded Joints in TMCP Steel Square Tubular Profiles “T” Connexions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v5i3.6195.

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The use of DOMEX 700 MCTM steel weldments is still little explored, due to some concern of the validity of the rules imposed by several standards and Codes for this class of steel. This material has low ductility and consequently the relation between tensile strength and yield strength is significantly lower than ordinary structural steels. For this reason, the instability phenomena are more critical than the instability phenomena of ordinary structural steels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain detailed data on the mechanical efficiency of joints welded by GMAW. Six different heat inputs were used on square tubular profiles of TMCP steel. The tubular profiles were placed as a column/beam weldment with transverse and longitudinal welds positioned in relation to the loading axis. Twelve welded structures were instrumented with extensometer and tested in simple bending. Comparing the obtained data, it was verified that longitudinal welded joints presented higher bending strength than transversal welded joints. In the case of longitudinal joints, two weld beads were subjected to bending efforts, and in the case of transverse joints, only one weld bead resisted bending forces.

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31

Zhu, Zheng Hao, Wen Feng Du, Zhi Fei Sun, and Li Ming Zhu. "The Bionic Optimization and Analysis and Calculation of the Cast-Steel Joint with Three Branches." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1618.

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The tree-like structure is a branch of space bionic structures,belonging to the Bionic Architectural Structures. Cast-steel joints with branches are the keys to build the tree-like structures.They are used widely,and the most common joints in our projects are cast-steel joints with two、three and four branches. The cast-steel joints with two branches are planar,while the joints with three and four branches are spatial.Until now,the basic theoretical researches about the cast-steel joints with branches are also relatively scarce.This paper did researches about mechanical properties, calculation methods and structural optimization of the cast-steel joints with three branches deeply and systematically. The result shows that the bending moment has a big influence on the value of the max stress. And the three main failure modes of the cast-steel joint with three branches are yield of the main tubular along the axial direction, local buckling at the connection of the main tubular and branches, and the tearing out of the branches.

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32

Bu, Yonghong, Qi Yang, Yihong Wang, and Dongfang Zhang. "Cyclic Testing of Bolt-Weld Joints Reinforced by Sleeves Connecting Circular CFST Columns to Steel Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9674128.

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This study examined the design of joints reinforced by sleeves for connecting circular concrete-filled steel tube columns to steel beams. Six half-scale specimens, including four bolt-weld joints reinforced by sleeves and two bolt and stiffened end-plate joints, were designed and tested under cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic behavior of these joints. The joint construction and beam-column stiffness ratio were taken as the main parameters in the tests. The seismic behaviors, including the failure modes, hysteretic curves, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The experimental results showed that no obvious bolt loosening, fracture, or widespread weld cracking appeared in the joints reinforced by sleeves. Furthermore, the joint strength and stiffness were markedly increased by the sleeves in the joint core area. Overall, most specimens exhibited full hysteresis loops and excellent ductilities, the equivalent viscous damping coefficients were 0.263∼0.532, and the ductility coefficients were 1.77∼3.42. The interstory drift ratios satisfied the requirements specified by technical regulations. The connections of these types exhibit favorable energy dissipations and can be effectively utilized for building construction in earthquake-prone areas. This research should contribute to the future engineering applications of concrete-filled steel tube to composite structure.

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33

Krolo, Paulina, and Davor Grandić. "Hysteresis Envelope Model of Double Extended End-Plate Bolted Beam-to-Column Joint." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110517.

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In this study, a hysteresis envelope mathematical model for the double extended end-plate bolted beam-to-column joint is proposed. The aim of a proposed joint model is to provide a more realistic behaviour of steel frames under seismic loading by using nonlinear static pushover analysis. The hysteresis envelope model defines the ratios between the monotonic properties of the joints and the properties of the joints during cyclic deformation. The proposed models are based on the hysteresis curves of the joints obtained by numerical simulations. The numerical model takes into account the geometric nonlinearity of the connecting elements, preloading of bolts, contacts between plates and bolts, and nonlinear properties of steel. Nonlinear static pushover analyses of steel frames are performed where the behaviour of the joints is described using the proposed hysteresis envelope models. The results are compared with the nonlinear static pushover analyses of steel frames with a trilinear monotonic joint model. Based on the results, the values of maximum peak ground acceleration for moment-resisting frames with the monotonic model of joints and hysteresis envelope model are estimated.

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34

Hu, Min. "Study on Welding Technology of Low Alloy High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.242.

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WELDOX series steels are commonly used structural steels. The effects of welding voltage, welding current and arc height on penetration and weld width of WELDOX960 steel sheet were studied. The mechanical properties and microstructure of WELDOX960E high strength steel welded joints were study by tensile, bending, impact, hardness and metallographic analysis.

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35

Yang, Hai Bo, Ping Wang, and Hong Liang Qian. "Fatigue Property of Welded T-Shaped Joints Using the Structural Stress Method." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.68.

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Various types of welded joints are of wide application in industrial and productional regions, including T-shaped, butt, and fillet joints of steel, stainless steel, and cast steel. Under cyclic fatigue load, the fatigue performance of welded joints is significant for the engineering design and it’s of interest to investigate the fatigue property of the welded joints using the recommended prediction methods. In this paper, the fatigue performance of welded T-shaped joints is investigated. The mesh-insensitive property of the structural stress method is validated with the comparison of various prediction methods. The fatigue cyclic life of welded T-shaped joints under tensile loads is analyzed. The structural stress curve of T-shaped joints with various base metal thicknesses is determined for the engineering design.

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36

Bîrdeanu, Aurel Valentin, Alin Constantin Murariu, Horia Florin Daşcău, and Iuliana Duma. "Comparison between Modelled Influence of GMAW Parameters and Corresponding Mechanical Properties of Group 1 and 2 According to ISO/TR 15608 Steel T Joints." Key Engineering Materials 890 (June 23, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.17.

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Reproducibility in respect to welded structures realization is one of the main requirements for a wide variety of industrial applications. One of the international tendencies regarding the use of the steel is the replacing, in critical areas, of structural steels with high performance steel, e.g. with HSLA steels. The paper presents the results of a factorial designed experimental program focused on determining mathematical correlations between the GMAW process parameters for T joints of 4mm thick steel plates of structural (S235JR+AR according to SR EN 10025-2) and hot-rolled, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel plates (S420MC according to EN 10025-4), respectively. A comparison between the obtained mathematical correlations that connect the welding parameters and the main mechanical characteristics is presented. The correlations can be used for applying the optimal combination of welding process parameters for realizing the T-joints of welded products.

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37

Ouyang, Wei Ping, Jin Zhang, and Xiu Dong Xu. "The Research of Fatigue Properties of Steel Q235 Butt Welded Joint." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.158.

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The research on the fatigue life of butt welded joint has important significance to hoisting equipment’s design, development and using safety. This paper conducted a study on fatigue properties of the most widely used joint at hoisting equipment-steel Q235 butt welded joint’s, based on the improved linear equivalent structural stress method, the stress of the weld joint can be obtained, and the master S-N curve of Q235 weld joint be acquired through fatigue test, thus the joints stress distribution under different stress environment can be gained through improved linear equivalent structural stress calculation and the fatigue life of the joint can be realized at the master S-N curve. The stress distribution situation and the fatigue life of butt welded joint can be calculated by integrated finite element software, this have profound reference significance to hoisting machinery industry.

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38

Yu, Zinan, and Fenghui Dong. "Probability Calculation Method for Shear Stirrup Area of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Symmetry Frame Joint." Symmetry 14, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081521.

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This paper presents a new method for calculating the area of shear stirrups of steel-reinforced concrete frame joints based on inverse reliability theory. The method can calculate the shear stirrup area of steel-reinforced concrete frame joints by using inverse reliability analysis theory on the premise that the target reliability index and the randomness of structural parameters are given. The method is used to calculate the shear stirrup area of a steel-reinforced concrete frame joint, and the sensitivity of the parameters is analyzed. The rationality of the area of the shear stirrup is also discussed. The results show that the randomness of parameters has a great influence on the area of shear stirrups of steel-reinforced concrete frame joints. Ignoring the randomness of parameters will affect the shear safety of steel-reinforced concrete frame joints.

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39

Lam, Angus C. C., J. J. Roger Cheng, Michael C. H. Yam, and Gaylene D. Kennedy. "Repair of steel structures by bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer patching: experimental and numerical study of carbon fibre reinforced polymer – steel double-lap joints under tensile loading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 12 (December 2007): 1542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-074.

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The behavior of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite bonded to a steel plate double-lap joint was investigated experimentally. A total of 19 specimens were tested with the major test parameters being the bonded lap length, LL, and the axial adherend stiffness ratio, ETR. Five of the 19 specimens were prepared using CFRP sheets, and the rest using CFRP plates. Two CFRP plate specimens were prepared with a tapered lap joint, and their results were compared with those of counterpart specimens prepared without tapered lap joints. In general, the behavior of specimens made from either CFRP sheets or CFRP plates were similar. The joint's axial load carrying capacity increased with increasing LL up to a certain limit, when the joint's load carrying capacity could no longer be increased by increasing LL. However, experimental results showed that a larger failure deformation could be achieved by increasing LL past this limit. Specimens that had the same inner adherend thickness but higher axial adherend stiffness ratios showed higher axial load carrying capacities. Test results also showed that the strengths of tapered lap joints were almost the same as those of nontapered lap joints with the same LL. Nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to study the stress–strain behavior of the adherend and the adhesive of the double-lap joint. Using finite element analysis results in an analytical solution obtained from the literature, predictions of the joint's maximum axial strength and minimum required LL were made. This analytical solution provided good predictions when compared with test results, producing test to predicted ratios from 0.88 to 1.14.

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40

Chen, Xi. "Stress Transferring Mechanism and the Bearing Capacity of Joints between Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Special-Shaped Columns and Steel Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.926.

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In recent years, a new type of frame consisting of steel beam and concrete-filled square steel tubular special-shaped column is increasingly widespread. Compared with the joint of ordinary reinforced concrete special shaped frame, the joint between concrete-filled square steel tubular special-shaped columns and steel beams has the advantage of better ductility, higher loading capacity, uncomplicated reinforcement disposing and convenience in construction. This paper indicates that the joint has strong energy dissipation capacity and high loading capacity, and the use of diaphragm is effective to enhance the structural performance of the joints. Stress transferring mechanism in the joints is discussed, and the calculating model of the shear strength of panel zone is established. This study is helpful for further study of the design and use of the joint between concrete-filled square steel tubular special-shaped columns and steel beams.

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41

Karpilovsky, Viktor, Eduard Kriksunov, Anatoly Perelmuter, and Vitalina Yurchenko. "ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL STEEL JOINTS AND CONNECTION: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-2-57-65.

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The paper presents COMET software which enables to design steel structural joints widely used in civil and industrial engineering. Algorithm for designing each joint prototype has been presented as a set of operations implementing the rules for determining the interrelated values of the joint parameters. Each prototype is developed as an independent program that performs a full cycle of designing the joint and verification of the joint parameters according to the specified design codes. Searching of unknown joint parameters has been transformed to a decision making problem based on analysis of the joint mathematical model. Automatic searching of unknown joint parameters has been implemented as a multiple targeted improvement of a certain initial joint design in order to satisfy load-carrying capacity constraints taking into account the structural and assortment-based constraints. Multiple improvement of current joint design is performed on the basis of sensitivity analysis relative to variation of governing joint parameters.

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42

Yan, Xueyuan, Shen Shi, Xuhong Liu, and Huimin Mao. "Numerical Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Self-Centering Joint between CFDST Column and RC Beam." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010135.

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The existing connection between the concrete-filled double steel tubular (CFDST) column and the reinforced concrete (RC) beam is difficult to repair and reuse after damage. In this paper, a self-centering joint between the CFDST column and the RC beam is proposed. The self-centering of the joint is realized by prestressed steel strands, and the energy dissipation is realized by friction. The overall purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of steel strand and friction on the mechanical behavior of the joint. By comparing the envelope curve and the restoring force model of a numerical joint model with theoretical values, accuracy of the numerical model was verified. Then, joints with different parameters, including the friction, prestress of steel strands, and ratio of the resisting moment provided by steel strands to the resisting moment provided by friction in the opening moment of joints, were numerically analyzed. The results showed that the joints with greater friction and prestress of steel strands had higher bearing capacity. Increasing the friction could increase the energy dissipation capacity of the joint, but it would increase the residual deformation of the joint. To reduce residual deformation, the prestress of steel strands should be increased. When the resultant force of the pretension of steel strands was greater than friction, the steel head could be kept pressed on the connecting block, making the stress changes of steel strands and the self-centering performance of the joint stable.

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43

Zheng, Liang, Cheng Qin, Hong Guo, Dapeng Zhang, Mingtan Zhou, and Shaobo Geng. "Experimental and finite element study on the single-layer reticulated composite joints." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 10 (March 3, 2020): 2174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220911118.

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In this article, a new type of reticulated joint, named the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint, is proposed. The proposed reticulated shell joint consists of an inner circular steel pipe, an outer circular steel pipe, a steel cover plate, and internal concrete. Five test specimens were tested under axial compression. The variable study included the wall thickness of the inner and outer circular steel pipes and the radius of the inner circular steel pipe. The test specimens exhibited a high bearing capacity and good plastic deformation ability under axial compression. The test results show that the wall thickness of the outer circular steel pipe and the radius of the inner circular steel pipe have a great influence on the bearing capacity of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint, while the wall thickness of the inner circular steel pipe has little influence on the bearing capacity of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint. Based on the test of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joints under axial load, the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was used to analyze the mechanical properties of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joints under axial compression. The results of the finite element analysis showed good agreement with the experimental results. The formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the joint is derived. By comparing with the experimental results, the calculated results are basically consistent with the experimental results.

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44

Zhou, Zhijun, Yufen Zhang, Miao Wang, and Krushar Demoha. "Shear Storage Capacity of Vertical Stiffener Joints between Concrete-Filled Double Steel Tubular Columns and Steel Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3587982.

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Based on the low cyclic loading test results of vertical stiffener joints between concrete-filled double steel tubular (CFDST) columns and steel beams, the shear transfer mechanism and shear resistance were analyzed in this paper. A conceptual model formulated was presented in terms of equilibrium and stress-strain relationships. The results calculated by the theoretical model and the available experimental data were compared, and then one new concept of shear storage coefficient was proposed for the determination of the shear storage capacity of the joint, which quantitatively explained the ductility failure progression of the joint specimens in the seismic performance test. It was concluded that the vertical stiffener joint had sufficient shear resistance, which met the seismic design principle of strong shear and weak bending. Results show that the ribbed joints have greater shear resistance than unribbed ones; lengthening the overhang of the vertical stiffener can both increase shear resistance and shear storage capacity of the joint; axial compression ratio can reduce the shear storage capacity. The paper also suggests that the joint design should ensure enough safety storage of shear resistance to improve the seismic performance.

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45

Kurejková, Marta, František Wald, Lubomír Šabatka, and Jaromír Kabeláč. "03.17: Design of haunches in structural steel joints." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3 (September 2017): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.102.

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46

Golea, Tudor, Adrien Corman, Julien Mathieu, Yves Duchêne, Jean-Pierre Jaspart, and Jean-François Demonceau. "An innovative mechanical model for structural steel joints." Engineering Structures 277 (February 2023): 115459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115459.

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47

Schmidt, L. C., and P. R. Morgan. "Member Ductility and Design Detail of Some Welded Joints." International Journal of Space Structures 2, no. 3 (September 1987): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635118700200302.

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The behaviour of tubular steel members and their connections are studied under ultimate tensile load conditions. Three end connection details are considered. These are practical connections, but one has a deliberately introduced defect of welding fabrication detail. Two types of steel are used: one is a conventional semi-killed mild steel, while the other is a rimmed steel that has been cold formed to produce an enhanced yield stress. The ratio of ultimate stress to yield stress (strain hardening ratio) is widely different for the two steels. The tests highlight the reduction in ultimate-load capacity and the severely reduced ductility that follows when defects of fabrication and low strain hardening ratio steels occur together.

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48

Berezovskaya, Vera V., A. V. Berezovskiy, and D. H. Hilfi. "Laser Welded Joints of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Steels: Microstructure and Properties." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.344.

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High nitrogen austenitic steels are used as structural materials required possessing high strength and fracture toughness. The present study is concerned with the characteristic features (shape, size, properties and structure) of the laser welded joints in Cr-Mn-, Cr-Mn-Mo-high nitrogen steels compared to the ones of Cr-Ni-steel joint. Butt welded joints were made using carbon dioxide laser with a maximum output of 5 kW in the continuous wave mode. The hardness and tensile tests of welded joints in the air and 3.5 vol.%-solution of NaCl, as well as the theoretical studies were carried out by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are achieved by testing that the welded joints of HNS had satisfactory weldability, adequately high mechanical and corrosion properties. The austenite of the investigated HNS retains high stability throughout the welding cycle.

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49

Sun, Wen Bo, Tao Hu, and Wei Huang. "Research on Rigidity of Circular Tubular ZYY-Joint in Single Fold Surface of Multi-Planar Steel Structure of 26^th Universaide Shenzhen 2011." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.421.

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Due to its convenience of construction connection and simple appearance, steel tubular structure with simple joints is widely used in spatial structures. Tubular joint generally belongs to semi-rigid joint. Its different internal detail is closely related to the bearing capacity and stiffness of joints and its stiffness characteristic has some definite effects on the internal forces, deformation and bearing capacity of the steel tubular structure. In this paper, the roof structure of the main stadium of 26th Universaide Shenzhen 2011 was selected as the engineering background. This paper also studied the comparison test on different structural forms of spatial circular tubular ZYY-joints of the peaks of its steel structure by scaling down as the proportion of 1:3, and carried out a numerical analysis on these joints by finite element software ANSYS. It shows that, results of numerical analysis coincide with the experimental results and the joint with ribbed stiffener has better bearing capacity and stiffness, which can well meet the engineering needs.

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50

Zhang, Zhaoqiang, Yanru Sa, Yong Yao, and Junhai Zhao. "Seismic Performance of Exterior Steel Ring-Stiffener Joint." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8107103.

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We study the seismic performance of the exterior steel ring-stiffener (ESRS) joint, a member that is used to connect a steel beam to a square steel tubular column filled with steel fibre recycled concrete for seismic resistance. To this end, the influence of seismic factors such as axial compression ratio and beam-column linear stiffness ratio on seven specimens is studied. A physical test is conducted on the specimens with a series of cyclic loadings. The testing and analysis of hysteretic loops and skeleton curves of the ESRS joints revealed the seismic performance characteristics including failure mode, rigidity, ductility, bearing-capacity degradation, and energy dissipation capacity. The results reveal (a) damage to the specimens at the beam-end near the joint, (b) no failure at the joints’ core area and column, (c) appearance of a plastic hinge at the beam-end near the joint, and (d) plump spindle-shaped hysteretic loops and normal rigidity degradation curves in the specimens. The specimens are then simulated with the finite element method (FEM) and the results are compared with those of the physical test.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel, Structural Joints'

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