Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel, Structural Joints Testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel, Structural Joints Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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Milčić, Dragan, Dragan Mitić, Nenad Radović, Miodrag Milčić, and Aleksija Đurić. "Characterization of welded joints with Partial penetration on S355N structural steel." Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije 66, no. 4 (2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zzk2104149m.

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Existing standards require welded joints with full penetration. It is considered that welded joints with complete penetration minimize the stress concentration in the root passage. However, there are numerous situations in the industry, in which the load-bearing capacity of the welded joint with partial penetration is satisfactory. If the tests of partially penetrated welds show satisfactory load capacity, the benefits compared to fully penetrated welds are reflected in lower costs, ie less time is required to prepare the joint, less additional material is needed, ie shorter time is required to make the welded joint. The paper presents the testing of butt welded joints of structural steel S355N, with partial penetration, achieved by the MAG welding in the overhead position (PD) in the protection of the gas mixture. The samples were welded with different welding parameters and with different joint preparation, and the tests were performed by non destructive methods (visual inspection, testing with penetrants and magnetic particles) and destructive methods - tension and bending tests, Vickers hardness testing.
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Zhang, Dongfang, Junhai Zhao, and Shuanhai He. "Cyclic Testing of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Column to Steel Beam Joint with RC Slab." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7126393.

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The design of composite joints for connecting concrete-filled double-skin tubular (CFDST) columns to steel beams supporting reinforced concrete (RC) slabs is presented in this paper. Five half-scale specimens were designed, including four composite joints with RC slab and one bare steel beam joint, and were tested under a constant axially compressive force and lateral cyclic loading at the top end of the column to evaluate their seismic behavior. The main experimental parameters were the construction of the joint and the type of the column. The seismic behaviors, including the failure modes, hysteresis curves, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The failure modes of the composite joints depended on the joint construction and on the stiffness ratio of beams to columns. Joints of stiffening type had significantly higher load-bearing and deformation capacities than joints of nonstiffening type. Compared with the bare steel beam joint, the bearing capacities of the composite joints with RC slabs were markedly increased. The composite action was remarkable under sagging moments, resulting in larger deformation on the bottom flanges of the beams. Overall, most specimens exhibited full hysteresis loops, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficients were 0.282∼0.311. The interstory drift ratios satisfied the requirements specified by technical regulations. Composite connections of this type exhibit excellent ductility and favorable energy dissipation and can be effectively utilized in superhigh-rise buildings erected in earthquake zones.
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Barat, Vera, Artem Marchenkov, Vladimir Bardakov, Marina Karpova, Daria Zhgut, and Sergey Elizarov. "Features of Acoustic Emission in Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welded Joints of Pearlitic and Austenitic Steels." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 11892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411892.

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This paper presents a study of acoustic emission (AE) during the deformation of dissimilar welded joints of austenitic steel to pearlitic steel. One of the specific problems in these welded joints is the presence of decarburized and carbide diffusion interlayers, which intensively increase in width during long-term high-temperature operation. The presence of wide interlayers negatively affects the mechanical properties of welded joints. Moreover, welded defects are difficult to diagnose in welded joints containing interlayers: due to the high structural heterogeneity, interlayers create structural noises that can hinder the detection of defects such as cracks, pores, or a lack of penetration. The AE method may become a complex decision for diagnosing dissimilar welded joints due to applicability to the testing of heterogenic materials with a complex microstructure. Specimens cut from dissimilar welded joints of austenitic steel to pearlitic steel were tested by tension to rupture, with parallel AE data registration. According to the research results, the characteristic features of the AE were revealed for specimens containing defects in the form of lack of penetration as well as for specimens with diffusion interlayers. The results obtained show that the AE method can be used to test both typical welding defects and diffusion interlayers in welded joints of steels of different structural classes.
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Bu, Yonghong, Qi Yang, Yihong Wang, and Dongfang Zhang. "Cyclic Testing of Bolt-Weld Joints Reinforced by Sleeves Connecting Circular CFST Columns to Steel Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9674128.

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This study examined the design of joints reinforced by sleeves for connecting circular concrete-filled steel tube columns to steel beams. Six half-scale specimens, including four bolt-weld joints reinforced by sleeves and two bolt and stiffened end-plate joints, were designed and tested under cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic behavior of these joints. The joint construction and beam-column stiffness ratio were taken as the main parameters in the tests. The seismic behaviors, including the failure modes, hysteretic curves, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The experimental results showed that no obvious bolt loosening, fracture, or widespread weld cracking appeared in the joints reinforced by sleeves. Furthermore, the joint strength and stiffness were markedly increased by the sleeves in the joint core area. Overall, most specimens exhibited full hysteresis loops and excellent ductilities, the equivalent viscous damping coefficients were 0.263∼0.532, and the ductility coefficients were 1.77∼3.42. The interstory drift ratios satisfied the requirements specified by technical regulations. The connections of these types exhibit favorable energy dissipations and can be effectively utilized for building construction in earthquake-prone areas. This research should contribute to the future engineering applications of concrete-filled steel tube to composite structure.
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Morelli, Piero. "An Experimental Study on the Shear Strength of Steel Structures Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.279.

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The results of an experimental investigation on the shear strength of structural joints are presented and discussed. Joint typologies generally employed in structural frames of industrial warehouses and intermediate floors are taken into consideration. Specimens were supplied by an industrial shelving manufacturer, in two different configurations: the first one characterized by steel pressed geometrical connectors and the second one consisting in bolted fittings to angular welded supporting plates. A specific testing device has been designed in order to transfer axial loading into shear loading applied to a couple of joints in a symmetrical testing configuration. Quasi-static loads were applied with increasingly intensity steps, until the yielding of the material or the overall structure collapse were reached. Failure modes of the tested joints are analyzed and discussed.
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Berezovskaya, Vera V., A. V. Berezovskiy, and D. H. Hilfi. "Laser Welded Joints of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Steels: Microstructure and Properties." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.344.

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High nitrogen austenitic steels are used as structural materials required possessing high strength and fracture toughness. The present study is concerned with the characteristic features (shape, size, properties and structure) of the laser welded joints in Cr-Mn-, Cr-Mn-Mo-high nitrogen steels compared to the ones of Cr-Ni-steel joint. Butt welded joints were made using carbon dioxide laser with a maximum output of 5 kW in the continuous wave mode. The hardness and tensile tests of welded joints in the air and 3.5 vol.%-solution of NaCl, as well as the theoretical studies were carried out by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are achieved by testing that the welded joints of HNS had satisfactory weldability, adequately high mechanical and corrosion properties. The austenite of the investigated HNS retains high stability throughout the welding cycle.
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Jasiński, Radosław, and Iwona Galman. "Testing Joints between Walls Made of AAC Masonry Units." Buildings 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10040069.

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Joints between walls are very important for structural analysis of each masonry building at the global and local level. This issue has often been neglected in the case of traditional joints and relatively squat walls. At present, the issue of wall joints is becoming particularly important due to the continuous drive for simplifying structures, introducing new technologies and materials. Eurocode 6 and other standards (American, Canadian, Chinese, and Japanese) recommend inspecting joints between walls, but no detailed procedures have been specified. This paper presents our own tests on joints between walls made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry units. Tests included reference models composed of two wall panels joined perpendicularly with a standard masonry bond (six models), with classic steel and modified connectors (twelve models). The shape and size of test models and the structure of a test stand were determined on the basis of the analysis of the current knowledge, pilot studies and numerical FEM (Finite Element Method) - based analyses. The analyses referred to the morphology and failure mechanism of models. Load-displacement relationships for different types of joints were compared and obtained results were related to results for reference models. The mechanisms of cracking and failure was found to vary, and clear differences in the behaviour and load capacity of each type of joint were observed. The individual working phases of joints were determined and defined, and an empirical approach was proposed for the determination of forces and displacement of wall joints.
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Zhang, Zhaoqiang, Yanru Sa, Yong Yao, and Junhai Zhao. "Seismic Performance of Exterior Steel Ring-Stiffener Joint." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8107103.

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We study the seismic performance of the exterior steel ring-stiffener (ESRS) joint, a member that is used to connect a steel beam to a square steel tubular column filled with steel fibre recycled concrete for seismic resistance. To this end, the influence of seismic factors such as axial compression ratio and beam-column linear stiffness ratio on seven specimens is studied. A physical test is conducted on the specimens with a series of cyclic loadings. The testing and analysis of hysteretic loops and skeleton curves of the ESRS joints revealed the seismic performance characteristics including failure mode, rigidity, ductility, bearing-capacity degradation, and energy dissipation capacity. The results reveal (a) damage to the specimens at the beam-end near the joint, (b) no failure at the joints’ core area and column, (c) appearance of a plastic hinge at the beam-end near the joint, and (d) plump spindle-shaped hysteretic loops and normal rigidity degradation curves in the specimens. The specimens are then simulated with the finite element method (FEM) and the results are compared with those of the physical test.
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Alqaryouti, Yousef, Dilum Fernando, and Joseph Gattas. "Structural Behavior of Digitally Fabricated Thin-Walled Timber Columns." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 10 (October 2019): 1950126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419501268.

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This paper aims to investigate the structural behavior of digitally fabricated thin-walled timber sections with edge connectivity provided by integral mechanical press-fit joints. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations have been developed to accurately characterize the press-fit section behavior and their failure modes. Plywood fiber orientation, material thickness, and connection tightness are considered as potential factors that may affect the performance of the press-fit jointing system. Experimental testing of square hollow sections (SHSs) under uniaxial compressive loading showed failure of sections through both conventional crushing and novel pop-off bifurcation failures. Pop-off buckling behaviors were shown to be governed by the integral joint transverse stiffness and its magnitude relative to a critical edge stiffness value. Columns with joint transverse stiffness value less than the critical edge stiffness value exhibited pop-off failures. These joint stiffness values were obtained from testing of unloaded joints and were used to obtain accurate predictions of column failure modes. Joint stiffness values for loaded joints were then predicted with an interpolation model mapping axial strain to a tighter connection tolerance and these were used to obtain accurate estimations for column failure load in most of the tested column types. Comparative investigations showed thin-walled sections with integral joints only to be capable of matching the compressive capacities of glued sections, for instances where crushing governed. Similarly, the weight-specific compressive capacity of timber sections was found to be comparable to thin-walled steel sections when crushing governs.
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Hajro, Ismar, and Petar Tasić. "Properties mismatching and distribution on structural steels welded joints." Advanced Technologies & Materials 43, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2018-2-003.

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The paper presents results of combined, conventional and non-conventional, approach for evaluation of mechanical and technological properties of structural steel's welded joints. The selected structural steels are in the range of most common used strength level(s), as well as corresponding various chemical composition concept(s) and processing routes. A short review regarding weldability is presented based on recommendation provided in EN 1011-2, manufacturers recommendation, and own results. However, even it is a well-known fact, mismatching of properties is presented rather to provide sense of its level for particular steel grades. Moreover, the level of under-matching of weakest weld zone (coarse grained heat affected zone), provided by mean of welding thermo-cycle simulation is presented. This is due to the fact that such estimation is not possible with everyday conventional (standardized) testing. The most important design and technological properties of welded joint(s) are considered; e.g. strength, ductility, hardness, microstructure and toughness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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Shrestha, Alina. "Fatigue Testing and Data Analysis of Welded Steel Cruciform Joints." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1670.

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In this study, ABS Publication 115, “Guidance on Fatigue Assessment of Offshore Structures” is briefly reviewed. Emphasis is on the S-N curves based fatigue assessment approach of non-tubular joints, and both size and environment effects are also considered. Further, fatigue tests are performed to study the fatigue strength of load-carrying and non-load-carrying steel cruciform joints that represent typical joint types in marine structures. The experimental results are then compared against ABS fatigue assessment methods, based on nominal stress approach, which demonstrates a need for better fatigue evaluation parameter. A good fatigue parameter by definition should be consistent and should correlate the S-N data well. The equivalent structural stress parameter is introduced to investigate the fatigue behavior of welded joints using the traction based structural stress approach on finite element models of specimens, and representing the data as a single Master S-N curve.
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Feng, Ran, and 馮然. "Design of cold-formed stainless steel tubular joints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290628.

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Schrauben, Corey S. "Behavior of full-scale bolted beam-to-column T-stub and clip angle connections under cyclic loading." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20013.

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Smallidge, Jeffrey M. "Behavior of bolted beam-to-column T-stub connections under cyclic loading." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19534.

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Jiao, Hui 1963. "The behaviour of very high strength (VHS) members and welded connections." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9417.

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Derrick, Nathan Lynn. "Shear and Bending Strength of Cold-Formed Steel Solid Wall Panels Using Corrugated Steel Sheets for Mobile Shelters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062814/.

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The objective of this thesis is to determine if the single sided resistance spot weld (RSW) can be used as a feasible connection method for cold formed steel (CFS) shear walls subject to lateral force of either seismic or wind loads on mobile shelters. The research consisted of three phases which include: a design as a 3D BIM model, connection tests of the resistance spot weld, and full-scale testing of the designed solid wall panels. The shear wall testing was conducted on specimens with both resistance spot weld and self-drilling screws and the results from tests gave a direct comparison of these connections when the solid wall panel was subjected to in-plane shear forces. The full-scale tests also included 4-point bending tests which was designed to investigate the wall panel's resistance to the lateral loads applied perpendicularly to the surface. The research discovered that the singled sided resistance spot weld achieved similar performance as the self-drilling screws in the applications of CFS wall panels for mobile shelters. The proposed single sided resistance spot weld has advantages of low cost, no added weight, fast fabrication, and it is a feasible connection method for CFS wall panels.
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Kahle, Matthew Gilbert. "Partially restrained composite connections : design and analysis of a prototype structure." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20830.

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Vora, Hitesh. "Shear Wall Tests and Finite Element Analysis of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9726/.

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The research was focused on the three major structural elements of a typical cold-formed steel building - shear wall, floor joist, and column. Part 1 of the thesis explored wider options in the steel sheet sheathing for shear walls. An experimental research was conducted on 0.030 in and 0.033 in. (2:1 and 4:1 aspect ratios) and 0.027 in. (2:1 aspect ratio) steel sheet shear walls and the results provided nominal shear strengths for the American Iron and Steel Institute Lateral Design Standard. Part 2 of this thesis optimized the web hole profile for a new generation C-joist, and the web crippling strength was analyzed by finite element analysis. The results indicated an average 43% increase of web crippling strength for the new C-joist compared to the normal C-joist without web hole. To improve the structural efficiency of a cold-formed steel column, a new generation sigma (NGS) shaped column section was developed in Part 3 of this thesis. The geometry of NGS was optimized by the elastic and inelastic analysis using finite strip and finite element analysis. The results showed an average increment in axial compression strength for a single NGS section over a C-section was 117% for a 2 ft. long section and 135% for an 8 ft. long section; and for a double NGS section over a C-section was 75% for a 2 ft. long section and 103% for an 8 ft. long section.
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Covi, Patrick. "Multi-hazard analysis of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/313383.

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Fires following earthquake (FFE) have historically produced enormous post-earthquake damage and losses in terms of lives, buildings and economic costs, like the San Francisco earthquake (1906), the Kobe earthquake (1995), the Turkey earthquake (2011), the Tohoku earthquake (2011) and the Christchurch earthquakes (2011). The structural fire performance can worsen significantly because the fire acts on a structure damaged by the seismic event. On these premises, the purpose of this work is the investigation of the experimental and numerical response of structural and non-structural components of steel structures subjected to fire following earthquake (FFE) to increase the knowledge and provide a robust framework for hybrid fire testing and hybrid fire following earthquake testing. A partitioned algorithm to test a real case study with substructuring techniques was developed. The framework is developed in MATLAB and it is also based on the implementation of nonlinear finite elements to model the effects of earthquake forces and post-earthquake effects such as fire and thermal loads on structures. These elements should be able to capture geometrical and mechanical non-linearities to deal with large displacements. Two numerical validation procedures of the partitioned algorithm simulating two virtual hybrid fire testing and one virtual hybrid seismic testing were carried out. Two sets of experimental tests in two different laboratories were performed to provide valuable data for the calibration and comparison of numerical finite element case studies reproducing the conditions used in the tests. Another goal of this thesis is to develop a fire following earthquake numerical framework based on a modified version of the OpenSees software and several scripts developed in MATLAB to perform probabilistic analyses of structures subjected to FFE. A new material class, namely SteelFFEThermal, was implemented to simulate the steel behaviour subjected to FFE events.
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Elflah, Mohamed A. Hussaen. "Structural behaviour of stainless steel bolted beam to column joints." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8545/.

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Initially, two experimental programmes studying the structural behaviour of stainless steel beam-to-open column joints and beam-to-tubular column joints under static loads are reported in detail. The joint configurations tested include flush and extended end plate connections, top and seat cleat connections and top, seat and web cleat connections. The full moment-rotation characteristics are reported in detail. It is observed that the connections displayed excellent ductility, superior than that of equivalent carbon steel connections, and attained loads much higher than the ones predicted by design standards for carbon steel joints. Nonlinear FE models have been developed and validated against the experimental results. The FE models are shown to accurately replicate the experimentally determined, initial stiffness, ultimate resistance, overall moment-rotation response and observed failure modes. In addition, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted. The design rules for stainless steel connections, which are based on the specifications of EN 1993-1-8 for carbon steel joints, are reviewed and are found to be overly conservative in terms of strength and inaccurate in terms of stiffness thus necessitating the development of novel design guidance in line with the observed structural response. Hence, simplified mechanical models in line with the observed response are developed.
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Books on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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D, Harrison J., Pisarski H. G, and Great Britain. Department of Energy., eds. Background to newguidance on structural steel and steel construction standards in offshore structures: Report for the Department of Energy. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Venture, SAC Joint. Interim guidelines: Evaluation, repair, modification and design of welded steel moment frames. Sacramento, Calif: SAC Joint Venture, 1995.

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Committee, SAC Joint Venture Guidelines Development. Interim guidelines advisory no. 1, supplement to FEMA-267 interim guidelines: Evaluation, repair, modification and design of welded steel moment frames. [Washington, D.C.]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997.

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), Research Council on Structural Connections (U S. Specification for structural joints using ASTM A325 or A490 bolts. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction, 1996.

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Research Council on Structural Connections (U.S.). Specification for structural joints using ASTM A325 or A490 bolts. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction, 2000.

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R, Narayanan, ed. Structural connections. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

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Martikainen, Jukka K. On the effects of welding parameters on weld quality of plasma arc keyhole welding of structural steels. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1989.

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Institution, British Standards. Structural fixings in concrete and masonry. London: B.S.I., 1993.

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International Symposium on Welding Metallurgy of Structural Steels (1987 Denver, Colo.). Welding metallurgy of structural steels: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Welding Metallurgy of Structural Steels. Warrendale, Pa: The Society, 1987.

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Leon, Roberto T. Partially restrained composite connections: A design guide. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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Walker, James, and Robert Xiao. "Experimental Testing of a Portal Frame Connection Using Glued-In Steel Rods." In Materials and Joints in Timber Structures, 555–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_51.

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Kozlowski, A., P. Kawecki, D. Kukla, and K. Ostrowski. "Testing, modelling and design of bolted joints – effect of size, structural properties, integrity and robustness." In Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures, 36–52. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003132134-4.

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Portelli, Gene B. "Testing, Analysis, and Design of Structural Adhesive Joints." In Structural Adhesives, 407–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7781-8_10.

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Ivanyi, M. "Semi-Rigid Connections in Steel Frames." In Semi-Rigid Joints in Structural Steelwork, 1–101. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2478-9_1.

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Gleich, D. M., M. J. L. Van Tooren, and A. Beukers. "Structural bonded joint analysis: An overview." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 159–99. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-12.

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Brandes, K. "Strain rate sensitive cyclic behaviour of steel bolted joints experimental research." In Structural Dynamics, 585–88. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203738085-87.

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Dantas, Rita, Anis Mohabeddine, Marcelo de Moura, Raul Moreira, Grzegorz Lesiuk, José Correia, and Abílio de Jesus. "Fracture Characterization of Hybrid Bonded Joints (CFRP/Steel) for Pure Mode I." In Structural Integrity, 215–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91847-7_21.

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Xu, Chongchen, Karthik Ramani, and Ganesan Kumar. "Durability of a thermoplastic adhesive bonded polymeric composite/galvanized steel joint." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 301–11. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-18.

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Sancaktar, Erol, and Rajesh Gomatam. "The effects of surface modification of steel on wettability and joint strength." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 61–78. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-4.

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Parvatareddy, Hari, Shuangyang Xu, and David Dillard. "Durability of structural adhesives and their bonded joints for high speed aerospace applications." In Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing, 329–36. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070709-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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Tan, Kang Hai, and Kang Chen. "An experimental study of composite effect on the behaviour of beam-column joints subjected to impact load." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.6952.

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This paper presents an experimental study on structural behaviour of composite beam-column joints under a middle column removal scenario. Specimens were subjected to impact loads from an MTS drop-weight testing machine. Two joints with welded unreinforced beam flange and bolted web connections were designed per AISC 360-10. One of the beam-column joints had a thicker composite slab. The joints were restrained by pinned supports at two beam ends, which were connected to rigid A-frames to represent boundary conditions from adjacent structures. Test results indicated that the composite slab significantly affected the impact force due to an increase of inertia. However, other structural responses (especially displacement of the middle column) decreased due to increase of stiffness contributed by the thicker composite slab. The finding was that increasing thickness of composite slab can increase the resistance of composite joint significantly due to increased composite effect. More experimental studies were conducted to investigate other types of joints.
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Olden, Vigdis, and Odd Magne Akselsen. "FE Simulation of Cold Cracking Susceptibility in X70 Structural Steel Welded Joints." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49911.

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Fracture mechanics SENT testing and FE simulation to establish hydrogen influenced cohesive parameters for X70 structural steel welded joints have been performed. Base metal and weld simulated coarse grained heat affected zone have been included in the study. The base metal did not fail at net section stresses lower than 1.29 times the yield strength and reveals low sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement. The weld simulated coarse grained heat affected zone was prone to fracture at stresses above 64% of the yield strength, which indicates hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. The cohesive parameters best fitting the experiments are δc = 0.3 mm and σc = 1700 MPa (3.5·σy) for the base metal and δc = 0.3 mm and σc = 2100 MPa (2.6·σy) for the coarse grained heat affected zone.
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Hahnlen, Ryan, Gordon Fox, and Marcelo J. Dapino. "Laser Welding of Nickel Titanium and 304 Stainless Steel Tubes." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5226.

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Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) can generate large blocking stresses and high recovery strains, up to 8%, which make NiTi a good candidate for solid state actuators, resulting in substantial weight and space savings when they replace traditional electric or hydraulic systems. A challenge surrounding NiTi based actuators is integration of the NiTi components into a given system; this alloy is difficult and expensive to machine and weld to itself and structural materials. In this research, we join NiTi and 304 stainless steel tubes 9.52 mm (0.375 in) in diameter through laser welding to create joints with weld depths up to 1650 μm (0.065 in). By joining NiTi to a common structural material that is easily machined and readily welded to other materials, the challenges surrounding system integration are reduced. The joints prepared in this study were characterized through optical microscopy, hardness mapping, and mechanical testing. The average ultimate shear strength of these joints is 423 MPa (61.3 ksi) and the resulting HAZ has a maximum width of 21.9 μm with a maximum hardness of 929 HV.
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HONGXIAO, WANG, WANG CHUNSHENG, HE GUANGZHONG, GAO WENWEN, LIU LIGUO, and JIANG WEI. "STUDY ON QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TECHNOLOGY OF SPOT WELDING JOINT BASED ON ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING." In 3rd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring for Railway System (IWSHM-RS 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/iwshm-rs2021/36010.

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As an important link to ensure the welding quality, the post-welding inspection of resistance spot welding joints has been paid much attention in the welding production of stainless steel metro vehicle body. At present, ultrasonic testing technology for spot welding joint quality is mostly qualitative testing, which cannot determine the quality information such as the geometric state of nugget and the size of internal defects. Therefore, the research on ultrasonic propagation characteristics and sound field distribution in resistance spot welding joints is carried out, and the visual image of internal connection state of spot welding joints is the key to realize quantitative nondestructive testing and quality evaluation of spot welding joints, which has important theoretical significance and practical value, and has broad application prospects in technical fields such as automobiles, rail passenger cars, aerospace and machinery.
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Hahnlen, Ryan, and Marcelo Dapino. "Joining of Shape Memory NiTi to Structural Materials Using Ultrasonic Soldering." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1425.

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Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can recover up to 8% of induced strain allowing such alloys to be used in the creation of solid-state actuators. Despite the unique properties of NiTi alloys, their implementation in structural applications is expensive, complex, and in some cases unfeasible due to limitations of traditional joining techniques. This research investigates the joining of NiTi to itself, aluminum 2024, O1 tool steel, and 304 stainless steel by Ultrasonic Soldering (USS), a process that can solder difficult to wet materials without the use of flux. The USS joints were evaluated through strength testing, optical microscopy, and maximum calculated von Mises equivalent stresses developed during testing. Lap shear tests show NiTi/NiTi, NiTi/aluminum 2024, NiTi/O1 tool steel, and NiTi/304 stainless steel USS joints have average ultimate shear strengths of 30.9 MPa, 53.8 MPa, 37.2 MPa, and 40.6 MPa, respectively.
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Fox, Gordon, Ryan Hahnlen, and Marcelo Dapino. "TIG Welding of Nickel-Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5154.

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Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) is attractive for use in solid-state actuators as it exhibits large recoverable stresses, limited by its ultimate shear strength of over 120 ksi (960 MPa), and large recoverable strains, up to 8%. Broad application of NiTi is hindered by the expense, complexity, and lack of reliability in machining and joining it to structural materials. This paper investigates the use of orbital Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding to join NiTi to 304 stainless steel (304 SS), a common structural material that can be readily machined and welded. Tubes of NiTi and 304 SS were joined using a nickel filler to mitigate the formation of brittle intermetallics. Both tubes had a 0.375 in (9.53 mm) outer diameter with wall thicknesses of 0.065 in and 0.075 in (1.7 mm and 1.9 mm) for the 304 SS and NiTi tubes, respectively. Viable joints were created and characterized through X-ray analysis, optical microscopy, hardness mapping, and strength testing. The joints had an average failure torque of 450 in-lb (52 N-m), corresponding to an ultimate shear strength of approximately 50 ksi (350 MPa). This was sufficient to detwin the NiTi in the tubes, which occurs at a shear stress of 16 ksi (110 MPa), and plastically deform the annealed 304 SS tubes. Optical microscopy and hardness mapping revealed a heat-affected zone 0.005 in (125 μm) wide with a maximum hardness of 817 HV. Outside of this heat-affected zone the hardness was not affected, indicating that no large-scale loss of superelastic or shape memory properties arises from TIG welding.
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Carreón, Hector. "Ultrasonic velocity testing of steel pipeline welded joints." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by H. Felix Wu, Andrew L. Gyekenyesi, Peter J. Shull, and Tzu-Yang Yu. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249684.

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Bazˇant, Zdeneˇk P., Jia-Liang Le, Ferhun C. Caner, and Qiang Yu. "Size Effect on Strength of Bi-Material Joints of Steel With Fiber-Polymer Composite." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69229.

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Metal-composite joints between steel ribs and advanced fiber-polymer composites are an effective structural system for hybrid ship hulls. Similar joints are of interest for fuel-efficient aircraft. The current designs of such joints are generally based on the strength criterion, which ignores fracture mechanics. Aimed at an efficient and reliable design, this study investigates the size effect on the strength of these joints theoretically, numerically and experimentally. The analytical formulation of the size effect is asymptotically anchored at the large-size limit in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The bi-material corner of the joint is shown to have a singular stress field with complex singularity. The strength of the joint is determined by the energy criterion for the macrocrack initiation at the corner, from which the large-size asymptote of the size effect law has been derived. A general approximate size effect law, spanning all sizes and various joint angles, is further derived via asymptotic matching. Numerical analysis with cohesive fracture model is used to design the experiments. Experimental studies involve the testing of geometrically similar hybrid joint specimens with the size ratio of 1 : 4 : 12. The analytical, numerical and experimental studies all indicate that the strength of bimaterial metal-composite joints is subjected to a strong size effect.
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Goglio, Luca, and Massimo Rossetto. "Strength of Adhesive Joints Under Impact Stress Conditions." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95306.

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The paper reports an experimental study on the bonded joints, carried out by means of an instrumented impact pendulum, equipped to load overlap specimens in tensile shear. Such testing configuration is the most adequate and natural to study the possible modifications of the behavior of the joint, changing from static to dynamic loading condition, keeping the same specimen type. The specimens were steel strips bonded by an epoxy adhesive (Hysol 3425). Several values of lap length, adhesive and adherends thickness were adopted, to achieve rupture under different stress combinations. The stress state at rupture has been calculated by means of a structural solution. The results show that it is possible to represent the failure condition on a chart having as axes the peel and shear structural stress, in a way similar to that found for static cases. Furthermore, in spite of the concerns associated with the impact condition, the strength of the adhesive does not decrease with respect to the case of static loading.
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Konda, Noboru, Kazushige Arimochi, Akinori Inami, Yukichi Takaoka, Takumi Yoshida, and Inge Lotsberg. "Development of Structural Steel With High Resistance to Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth: Part 4." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49501.

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For many years, fatigue design has been based on the fundamental that the fatigue strength of welded structures is independent of the steel material and/or strength. Nothing has been studied from the viewpoint of material because fatigue strength of welded joints converges much to the same capacity regardless of material strength. For improvement of fatigue lives, the designers have been advised to improve the geometry of the details, to reduce the nominal stress level or to use some post weld improvement method like toe grinding. In 2001, a new steel material was developed that showed extended fatigue initiation life as well as extended crack growth life, and a new alternative method for fatigue life extension appeared. This steel was denoted FCA (Fatigue Crack Arrester) due to the improved fatigue properties. The improved fatigue strength in welded joints is explained by flat hardness distribution and very fine microstructure at heat affected zone (HAZ). It was clarified that fatigue strength of HAZ in FCA where fatigue crack initiates generally was higher than that in conventional steel. And the improved fatigue crack propagation properties in base steel is explained by a decreased crack growth rate when a fatigue crack passes a grain boundary from a soft phase (feritte) to a hard phase (bainite) that is present in these new dual phase steels. FCA steel has now been used for details of a number of newly built ships, where good fatigue properties are required. In order to establish a general design S-N curve that can be used for the FCA steel, it was agreed in 2007 to start a joint industry project among Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation, Det Norske Veritas and Sumitomo Metal Industries. This JIP is now being finished and a design S-N curve has been proposed based on 66 data from small scale testing of specimens made from FCA steel, and 18 data from conventional steel. These test results have been supplemented by some large scale tests of relevant ship details. The discussed results from this JIP including a recommended design S-N curve for FCA steel will be shown in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Steel, Structural Joints Testing"

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Gao, Jun-Dong, Huan-Xin Yuan, and Xin-Xi Du. NUMERICAL STUDY ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF STAINLESS STEEL BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINTS WITH DOUBLE EXTENDED END-PLATE CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.157.

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2

Cady, C. M., S. R. Chen, and G. T. III Gray. Dynamic materials testing and constitutive modeling of structural sheet steel for automotive applications. Final progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/380343.

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Rice, Veronika J. Initial Testing for the Recommendation of Improved Gas Metal Arc Welding Procedures for HY-80 Steel Plate Butt Joints at Norfolk Naval Shipyard. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1009205.

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4

McInerney, Michael, Matthew Brenner, Sean Morefield, Robert Weber, and John Carlyle. Acoustic nondestructive testing and measurement of tension for steel reinforcing members. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42181.

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Many concrete structures contain internal post-tensioned steel structural members that are subject to fracturing and corrosion. The major problem with conventional tension measurement techniques is that they use indirect and non-quantitative methods to determine whether there has been a loss of tension. This work developed an acoustics-based technology and method for making quantitative tension measurements of an embedded, tensioned steel member. The theory and model were verified in the laboratory using a variety of steel rods as test specimens. Field tests of the method were conducted at three Corps of Engineers dams. Measurements of the longitudinal and shear velocity were done on rods up to 50 ft long. Not all rods of this length were able to be measured and the quality and consistency of the signal varied. There were fewer problems measuring the longitudinal velocity than shear velocity. While the tension predictions worked in the laboratory tests, the tension could not be accurately calculated for any of the field sites because researchers could not obtain the longitudinal or shear velocities in an unstressed state, or precise measurements of the longitudinal and shear velocities due to the unknown precise length of the rods in the tensioned state.
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Iskander, S. K., and R. E. Stoller. Results of Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing of Structural Steel Specimens Irradiated at ~30°C to 1 x 1016 neutrons/cm2 in a Commercial Reactor Cavity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/469114.

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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRUSS TYPE STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE JOINTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.165.

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"This paper presents an experimental study on the structural behavior of two truss type steel reinforced concrete (SRC) joints. The objective is to characterize the mechanical behavior of SRC joints subjected to static loading. The specimens were scaled from a concrete core tube connected to a mega steel truss. Mechanical behavior of the joint zone is extremely complicated due to the complex geometry and interactive forces among the connected members. Monotonic loading tests were carried out through a self-balanced loading system. Sparse cracks were observed under design loads. Spalling concrete cover was observed for joint B1. Whereas, only a few cracks were observed in the joint D1 after testing. Based on the measured equivalent strains, the interaction zone of steel sections works elastically under 1.5 times of the design loads. This indicates that the joints have sufficient strength to meet the design requirements. The experimental results presented in this paper provides a better understanding of current truss type composite joints and offers ideas for further research based on the authors' findings."
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TESTING OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED STAINLESS STEEL MATERIAL AND CROSS-SECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.175.

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Powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing has the potential for significant impact on the construction industry due to its ability to produce complex and free-form components with high-precision. However, the size of components is limited by the build envelope of PBF machines. Laser welding offers a means of joining small individual PBF parts together to create larger-scale parts. This paper investigates the microstructure and material properties of stainless steel coupons with and without laser-welded joints, in conjunction with the structural performance of stainless steel circular hollow sections (CHS) at the cross-sectional level, with all specimens printed by PBF. The PBF base material exhibited a typical cellular microstructure, while the weld material consisted of equiaxed, columnar and cellular dendrite microstructures. The proof strengths of the weld were lower than those of the base metal, and the strengths of the PBF base metal were dependent on the build direction – the vertically built coupons showed lower proof strengths than the horizontal coupons. The axial resistances of the PBF CHS are safely predicted by the EN 1993-1-4 design provisions and the deformation-based continuous strength method (CSM).
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SIMPLIFIED MODELLING OF NOVEL NON-WELDED JOINTS FOR MODULAR STEEL BUILDINGS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.10.

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Prefabricated modular steel (PFMS) construction is a more efficient and safe method of constructing a high-quality building with less waste material and labour dependency than traditional steel construction. It is indeed critical to have a precise and valuable intermodular joining system that allows for efficient load transfer, safe handling, and optimal use of modular units' strength. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop joints using tension bolts and solid tenons welded into the gusset plate (GP). These joints ensured rigid and secure connectivity in both horizontal and vertical directions for the modular units. Using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis software ABAQUS, the study investigated the nonlinear lateral structural performance of the joint and two-storey modular steel building (MSB). The solid element FE models of joints were then simplified by introducing connectors and beam elements to enhance computational efficiency. Numerous parameters indicated that column tenons were important in determining the joint's structural performance. Moreover, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.025, the developed connectors and beam element models accurately predicted the structural behaviour of the joints. As a result of their simplification, these joints demonstrated effective load distribution, seismic performance, and ductility while reducing computational time, effort, and complexity. The validity of the FE analysis was then determined by comparing the results to the thirteen joint bending tests performed in the reference.
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BENDING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL–WELDED HOLLOW SPHERICAL JOINTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.146.

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Spatial grid structure is a commonly used long–span structural form due to its various advantages, such as light weight, high strength, low construction cost, and simple construction. Steel–welded hollow spherical joints are widely applied in traditional spatial grid structures. Circular steel tube– and H–shaped steel–welded hollow spherical joints have been applied in practical engineering projects because of aesthetic appearance and structural stress requirements of modern spatial grid structures. Existing studies have mainly focused on the axial compression behaviors of steel–welded hollow spherical joints at high temperatures during fire disasters. However, few studies have discussed the bending mechanical properties of hollow and H–shaped steel–welded hollow spherical joints. This study conducted finite element analysis on the bending mechanical properties of circular steel tube– and H–shaped steel–welded hollow spherical joints at high temperatures. Influences of parameters including the sizes of welded hollow sphere and fashioned iron on the bending mechanical properties of welded hollow spherical joints were considered in the finite element analysis. Moreover, changes in the failure modes, flexural capacities, and flexural rigidities of circular steel tube– and H–shaped steel–welded hollow spherical joints with the increase in temperatures were analyzed. The fitting formulas of the ultimate bearing capacity and initial flexural rigidity of circular steel tube– and H–shaped steel–welded hollow spherical joints at high temperatures were proposed on the basis of parametric analysis.
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