Journal articles on the topic 'Steel-pipe corrosion'
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1
Wang, Kui, Zhanqiang Li, and Mingjie Zhao. "Mechanism of Localized Corrosion of Steel Pipe Pile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines and Corrosive Action." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010685.
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The wind turbine foundation serves as a permanent construction in the harsh marine corrosive environment, its anti-corrosion design is essential to the safe use of the wind turbine structure. At present, there is a significant controversy over the local corrosion mechanism (such as pitting corrosion, and crevice corrosion) and its diffusion mechanism in the academic circle. In the paper, the Faraday electrochemistry formula was used to compute the local corrosion degree of the steel pipe pile for the wind turbine and obtain the general corrosion equivalent. The local corrosion effect of the offshore steel pipe pile for the wind turbine was converted into homogeneous corrosion thickness loss of certain length, and then the ultimate strength of the offshore steel pipe pile foundation for the wind turbine was analyzed under the conditions of local corrosion. The result indicates that the maximum ultimate strength reductionof the steel pipe pile for the wind turbine induced by the local corrosion in the splash zone is 80.8% of the non-corrosive ultimate strength. The maximum ultimate strength reduction of the steel pipe pile for the wind turbine induced by the local corrosion in the continuous immersion zone is 63% of the non-corrosive ultimate strength. Once the local corrosion rate in the splash zone exceeds 10%, the ultimate strength of the steel pipe pile for the wind turbine will exhibit a negative exponential decrease. The local corrosion in the continuous immersion zone has a huge effect on its ultimate strength. There are no significant signs of the structural strength loss. The areas prone to local corrosion should be prioritized in anti-corrosion design of the steel pipe pile for the wind turbine.
2
Wang, Kui, and Ming-jie Zhao. "Mathematical Model of Homogeneous Corrosion of Steel Pipe Pile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines and Corrosive Action." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9014317.
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In this paper, the nonlinear corrosion model under the combined action of the anticorrosion system and corrosive environment is chosen as the mathematical model of homogeneous corrosion of steel pipe pile foundation for the offshore wind turbine. Based on the mathematical model, a three-dimensional finite element model was established for the steel pipe pile foundation of the offshore wind turbine. And the homogeneous corrosion action of the steel pipe piles was calculated, and the reduction rules of the strength and stability of the steel pipe piles for wind turbines under different corrosion patterns are analyzed. According to the calculation results, the mathematical model can be used in the analysis of corrosion for steel pipe pile in the wind turbine. Under the normal operation conditions, the reduction rules of the strength and stability of the steel pipe piles contain three stages: no influence stage, negative exponential decrease stage, and stable stage. But under the extreme load conditions, the effect of corrosion is enormous for the strength and stability of the steel pipe pile.
3
Wan, Li Ping, Ying Feng Meng, Gao Li, and Hua Zhou. "Corrosion Behavior of Drilling Pipe Steels for High Sour Gas Field." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2292.
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A polymer drilling fluid containing high content of hydrogen sulfide was used as the corrosive medium to investigate the effects of temperature, flow velocity, pH value and partial pressure ratio of CO2/ H2S on the corrosion behavior of high strength drill pipe steel S135 and G105. The morphology and composition of the corrosion products were analyzed as well. It was found that the average corrosion rate of the two types of steel increased with increasing temperature of the corrosive medium, with the corrosion rate to decrease slightly within 60°C-80°C and keep almost unchanged above 120°C. At the same time, the corrosion rate of the drill pipe steels had little to do with the flow rate but increased with decreasing pH value of the corrosive medium. Moreover, the partial pressure ratio of CO2/ H2S had a slight effect on the corrosion behavior of the drill pipe steel. However, the two types of drill pipe steel showed a larger corrosion rate in gas phase than in liquid phase corrosive medium, which was contrary to what were observed in gas and liquid phases corrosion tests of conventional acidic drilling fluids. In addition, it was confirmed by sulfide stress corrosion test that the drill pipe steel of a higher strength had smaller critical stress, and the resistance of the drill pipe to stress attack was ranked as G105(C)＞G105(D)＞S135(B)＞S135(A). It was anticipated that the present research results could be used to guide the selection of materials for drilling pipe steels used in natural gas field of high acidity.
4
Zeng, De Zhi, Yuan Hua Lin, Da Jiang Zhu, Hong Jun Zhu, Tan Gu, Li Ming Huang, and Tai He Shi. "Study on H2S Corrosion Resistance of L245/825 Lined Steel Pipe Welding Gap." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1264.
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The exploitation of high acid wells is facing severe corrosion challenges in the A and B gas fields in Sichuan, thus using lined steel pipe is a reliable and cost-effective anti-corrosion measure. However, lined steel pipe welding involves dissimilar steel welding, and anti-corrosion performances will be affected if the welding process is unreasonable. So it is necessary to make evaluation for corrosion of lined steel pipe. In this paper, taking welding gap of L245/825 lined steel pipe as example, the anti-SSC performances of L245/825 straight and ring welding gaps in NACE A solution were studied by CR method, and anti-cracking performances of them were evaluated by laboratory experiments. Then corrosion performances of L245/825 lined steel pipe welding gaps and L360NCS carbon steel were studied in the corrosive environment found in the Tian Dong 5-1 high sour gas well. Laboratory and field tests show that straight and ring welding gaps of L245/825 lined steel pipe have good anti-environment and anti-cracking performances of electrochemical corrosion in the high acid environment. The technology of welding process selected in the paper is reliable. Research results provide references for welding operation of L245/825 lined steel pipe in high sour gas fields.
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Syafei, Nendi Suhendi, S. S. Rizki, Suryaningsih Suryaningsih, and Darmawan Hidayat. "Comparison of Corrosion Rate in the Environment of 10% Acetic Acid solution with different Deflection." Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 20, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol20-iss2/190.
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The oil and gas industry exploration that will generally be followed by corrosive substances including sweet gas (eg H2S and CO2), it will result in corrosion event. The corrosion stress cracking will cause the carbon steel pipe to break so that production oil and gas can be stopped. The research aims in this paper is to analyze the corrosion event of carbon steel pipe in laboratory scale on acid environment with the existence of sweet gas H2O and CO2 by using three points loading method. This research uses carbon steel pipe API 5L-X65 which stay in condensation environment of 1350 ml aquades, 150 ml acetic acid. Based on the figure (5.a) and figure (5.b) that the corrosion rate will increase with increasing exposure time, and the greater the stress that is given, the corrosion rate increases according to the image (6.a) and image (6.b). Whereas based on the results of microstructural tests using optical microscopes, pitting corrosion occurs, and corrosion events occur are the stress corrosion cracking transgranular and intergranular based on figure 8.
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Gou, Shu Yun, and Yu He Li. "Study on Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Composite Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.212.
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The carbon steel/stainless steel composite pipe was prepared by centrifugal compound casting-hot extrusion-cold rolling. SEM was employed in detecting the microstructure and alloy element distribution maps in stainless steel of composite pipe. The mechanical properties were measured through tensile test. The corrosion resistance of the composite pipe was detected in acid, alkali and salt solutions. The results show that the outer and inner layers are integrated with good metallurgical behavior, and the mechanical properties of the composite pipe are satisfactory, the chemical compositions are well-distributed. The grain-boundary corrosion test is qualified. This composite pipe has better corrosion resistance in 10%H2SO4and 10%NaOH solution than in FeCl3solution at room temperature.
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Sultan, Jamal Nayief, Muna Khethier Abbas, Marwa Abd-al Kareem Ibrahim, Emad Toma Karash, Adel M. Ali, and Hssein A. Ibrhim. "Corrosion Behavior of Thermal Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Pipes." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 45, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.450506.
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The current study was absorbed on corrosion of ASTM A106 grade B -02 seamless carbon steel boiler pipes. Beyond corrosion experiments in corrosive medium with varying pH values, the weight lost in addition to corrosion rate (m.p.y) values were computed. The weight loss of boiler tube specimens exposed to corrosive liquid was shown to rise as the exposure period of the specimens increased. The results of the microstructure imaging showed that a de-carburized film of 240 µm thickness was shaped on the fireside of the pipe boiler, with ferrite and a few phases of pearlite. On the water lateral side, it was revealed that boiler pipe failure begins with small rust particles that expand to greater sizes and form scales that are displaced from the boiler pipe's surface. On the surfaces of the boiler pipe water side, several pits with crevice corrosion were observed. The corrosion amounts were discovered to decrease when the specimens' exposure time to corrosive environments and hydrogen ion concentration contents increased (pH). The findings of mechanical characteristic values such as hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength revealed that the waterside had higher values than the fireside, while the middle of the pipe had reasonable values. The findings also demonstrated that at low pH values, a tiny size of rust was created on the boiler tube specimen surface. However, at high pH values of corrosive medium, big sizes of corrosion rust were observed on the specimen surfaces.
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Nascimento, Jean Victal do, Rafael Adão de Carvalho, Davi Pereira Garcia, Rômulo Maziero, Edelize Angelica Gomes, and Juan Carlos Campos Rubio. "Stainless steel corrosion in instrumentation pipe." Cadernos UniFOA 14, no. 40 (August 1, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v14i40.2940.
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Corrosion, being a destructive process, causes damage in almost all industrial sectors. In this way, it is harmful both from an economic, social and, especially, safety point of view, as it can cause failures in critical equipment and components of an industrial process. At this point, stainless steels are considered the most corrosion resistant metals. The resistance depends on the chemical composition and microstructure, factors that directly influence the passivation of these materials. The resistance is proportionally related to the addition of chromium (Cr) to the mixture, as well as other alloying elements, among which is the molybdenum (Mo), whose main function is to maximize corrosion resistance in the marine atmosphere, as in case of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 which presents in the chemical composition a percentage of the element Mo. Austenitic stainless steels are applied in instrumentation systems in tubing for reliability in severe atmospheres in accordance with ASTM A269 which establishes the materials applicable to this function. Thus, the present work presents, through a review and case study, Pitting Corrosion of tubings of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) coming from the marine atmosphere. The results show that there is no change in the longitudinal and transverse structure for all analyzed tubes, showing a homogeneous austenitic structure, free of intergranular precipitations.
9
Nascimento, Jean Victal do, Rafael Adão de Carvalho, Davi Pereira Garcia, Rômulo Maziero, Edelize Angelica Gomes, and Juan Carlos Campos Rubio. "Stainless steel corrosion in instrumentation pipe." Cadernos UniFOA 14, no. 40 (August 1, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v14.n40.2940.
Full textAbstract:
Corrosion, being a destructive process, causes damage in almost all industrial sectors. In this way, it is harmful both from an economic, social and, especially, safety point of view, as it can cause failures in critical equipment and components of an industrial process. At this point, stainless steels are considered the most corrosion resistant metals. The resistance depends on the chemical composition and microstructure, factors that directly influence the passivation of these materials. The resistance is proportionally related to the addition of chromium (Cr) to the mixture, as well as other alloying elements, among which is the molybdenum (Mo), whose main function is to maximize corrosion resistance in the marine atmosphere, as in case of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 which presents in the chemical composition a percentage of the element Mo. Austenitic stainless steels are applied in instrumentation systems in tubing for reliability in severe atmospheres in accordance with ASTM A269 which establishes the materials applicable to this function. Thus, the present work presents, through a review and case study, Pitting Corrosion of tubings of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) coming from the marine atmosphere. The results show that there is no change in the longitudinal and transverse structure for all analyzed tubes, showing a homogeneous austenitic structure, free of intergranular precipitations.
10
Nascimento, Jean Victal do, Rafael Adão de Carvalho, Davi Pereira Garcia, Rômulo Maziero, Edelize Angelica Gomes, and Juan Carlos Campos Rubio. "Stainless steel corrosion in instrumentation pipe." Cadernos UniFOA 14, no. 40 (August 1, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v14.n40.2940.
Full textAbstract:
Corrosion, being a destructive process, causes damage in almost all industrial sectors. In this way, it is harmful both from an economic, social and, especially, safety point of view, as it can cause failures in critical equipment and components of an industrial process. At this point, stainless steels are considered the most corrosion resistant metals. The resistance depends on the chemical composition and microstructure, factors that directly influence the passivation of these materials. The resistance is proportionally related to the addition of chromium (Cr) to the mixture, as well as other alloying elements, among which is the molybdenum (Mo), whose main function is to maximize corrosion resistance in the marine atmosphere, as in case of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 which presents in the chemical composition a percentage of the element Mo. Austenitic stainless steels are applied in instrumentation systems in tubing for reliability in severe atmospheres in accordance with ASTM A269 which establishes the materials applicable to this function. Thus, the present work presents, through a review and case study, Pitting Corrosion of tubings of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) coming from the marine atmosphere. The results show that there is no change in the longitudinal and transverse structure for all analyzed tubes, showing a homogeneous austenitic structure, free of intergranular precipitations.
11
Syafei, Nendi Suhendi, Darmawan Hidayat, Emilliano Emilliano, and Liu Kin Men. "Analysis Cracking Corrosion on Carbon Steel Pipes API 5L-X65 In Solution 7700 ml Aquades, 250 ml Acetic Acid and 50 ml Ammonia with Gas CO2 and H2S in Saturation Condition." EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 19, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol19-iss2/138.
Full textAbstract:
The oil and gas industry exploration that will generally be followed by corrosive substances including sweet gas (eg H2S and CO2), it will result in corrosion event. The corrosion stress cracking will cause the carbon steel pipe to break so that production oil and gas can be stopped. The research aims in this paper is to analyze the corrosion event of carbon steel pipe in laboratory scale on acid environment with the existence of sweet gas H2O and CO2 by using three points loading method. This research uses carbon steel pipe API 5L-X65 which stay in condensation environment of 7700 ml aquades, 250 ml acetic acid and 50 ml ammonia, then filled sweet gas CO2 and H2S in saturated state. Based on the test results of microstructure and microscope polarized, there is a phenomenon corrosion stress cracking, i.e transgranular stress cracking corrosion and intergranular stress cracking corrosion. The accelerate corrosion that happened at the test sample will be greater if ever greater given deflection for the time of the same presentation. Crack deepness in the test of the test sample will deeper if ever greater given deflection. The cracks in the sample test will deeper if it was given stress σ greater for the same exposure time.
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Royani, Ahmad, Siska Prifiharni, Gadang Priyotomo, and Sundjono Sundjono. "Corrosion Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Pipe in Condensate Environment." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 3 (January 17, 2022): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2072.
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Low carbon steel pipe is widely used in various pipeline applications because it has good mechanical properties. The application of low carbon steel developed generally does not involve corrosion resistance. To find out the behavior of low carbon steel pipe in condensate fluids, the immersion test was carried out. The method for the immersion test is the planned-interval test. The corrosion rate of this steel was determined by weight loss, whereas the corrosivity of the condensate fluids was measured by a multimeter Hach HQ40d. The morphology of corrosion products is characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of immersion of low carbon steel pipe in the condensate fluids shows that the liquid corrosivity and corrodibility of low carbon steel pipe tend to decreases with the length of exposure time. The decrease of metal corrodibility is identical to the lower corrosion rate at a longer exposure time due to the layer a corrosion product formed. The corrosion products during immersion tests are uniform with iron oxide in the form of FeO(OH) and Fe2O3.H2O.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Syrotyuk, Andriy, Oleg Vytyaz, Rostyslav Leshchak, and Jan Ziaja. "Corrosion resistance of steel for coiled tubing units." E3S Web of Conferences 230 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123001018.
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The gravimetric method was used to determine the corrosion rate of a pipe for coiled tubing. Scanning electron and optical microscopy were used to study the microstructure and to determine the nature of corrosion damages. It has been found that corrosion processes of different nature occurred in the studied systems “metal – environment”, in particular, in acid solutions, corrosion was caused by the of hydrochloric acid and the ambient temperature of 70°С. In solution with a smaller acid content, along with the general corrosion, there is a significant localization of the corrosion process (deep corrosion damage is formed: macro pitting and corrosion ulcers). The general corrosion was observed in the HCl solution (13 mass %), which destroys the pipe walls after 576 h of exposure. The neutral solutions caused the general corrosion of smaller intensity in comparison with the acidic environments, even taking into account the temperature factor. The surface-active substances or petroleum products that are present in the solutions, form barrier films on the steel surface, which prevent the access of corrosive components from the environment to the surface of the material, especially during the short exposure time. With the increase of the exposure at the elevated temperatures, the barrier films break down and the steel surface undergoes the general corrosion.
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Wang, Juan Di, and Wei Zhong Gan. "Risk Evaluation of Steel Structure Corrosion in Soft Foundation in the East Coast of Zhejiang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1912.
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The detection index and evaluation for foundation engineering’s corrosion are performed in accordance with the “Code for Highway Engineering Geological Investigation” or “Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering”. For both steel pipe piles and concrete pipe pile joints, the codes don’t consider the dissolved oxygen, Anaerobic organism and other corrosion factors. In order to improve the durability of the pipe pile foundation in coastal region, taking the typical coastal soft soil characteristics in eastern Zhejiang as example and by observing the steel corrosion electrochemical potential variation in the hypoxic environment, this paper analyses the corrosion risk of steel structures in marine deposit soft soil, and puts forward the microbial and electrochemical corrosion mechanism of the steel structures in foundation engineering in coastal environment. This paper argues that the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria corrosion evaluation is indispensable in geotechnical investigation, and therefore should be included into the Code.
15
Lee, Jin Kyung, Sang Ll Lee, and Joon Hyun Lee. "Study on Damage Mechanism of Pipe Using Ultrasonic Wave and Acoustic Emission Technique." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2415.
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A study on corrosion evaluation by using ultrasonic waves and acoustic emission technique is presented. The experimental equipment was established to improve the corrosion process of carbon steel pipe. The carbon steel pipe was under 473K temperatures and 10Mpa pressure conditions, and ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission techniques were used to inspect the degree of corrosion after a certain period of time. Ultrasonic bulk waves are limited by the poor time resolution when used in the measurement of corrosion depth in thin wall structures because the corroded surfaces cause unclear echo signal edges. Therefore, in this study, the ultrasonic guided waves were generated on the pipe because the thickness of pipe was thin. Various wave modes were subsequently generated on the pipe to evaluate the implications of corrosion thinning on group velocity, transmission and reflection amplitudes. The amplitudes of the transmitted and the reflected waves are influenced by couplent material. In order to reduce the effect of coupling acoustic emission sensor was used. Acoustic emission technique has lots of parameters to evaluate the corrosion besides amplitude parameter. Among parameters energy, count, and frequency were useful parameters to measure the degree of corrosion inside the carbon steel pipe under 473K temperatures.
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Budi, Lukman Hakim, and Subawi Handoko. "Atmospheric Corrosion to Steel Pile on Meulaboh and Pipeline Structure along Jambi - Riau Area." Key Engineering Materials 811 (July 2019): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.811.141.
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This study indicated the deterioration of the steel pipe and beam structure in west coast Sumatra made of ASTM A252, and also pipeline along Riau land-Jambi - Batam Island. It was found that severest corrosion occurs at the rate up to 1.6 mm/year (63 mpy) on the steel cross beam-800 on west coast Sumatra. Whereas the corrosion rates on ASTM A234 and API 5L steel structures along the pipeline across Riau - Jambi - Batam occur from the high-to-severe up to 0.43 mm/year (17 mpy) mainly on pipe elbow 16” diameter. Due to this corrosion attack, the steel infrastructure requires whole protection including sacrificial thickness, surface coating, and cathodic protection. The corrosion attack data may be used to provide the required effort and its priority to protect the steel pile and pipe infrastructures on Sumatra Island.
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Lee, Yun-Ho, Geon-Il Kim, Kyung-Min Kim, Sang-Jin Ko, Woo-Cheol Kim, and Jung-Gu Kim. "Localized Corrosion Occurrence in Low-Carbon Steel Pipe Caused by Microstructural Inhomogeneity." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051870.
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In this study, the cause of failure of a low-carbon steel pipe meeting standard KS D 3562 (ASTM A135), in a district heating system was investigated. After 6 years of operation, the pipe failed prematurely due to pitting corrosion, which occurred both inside and outside of the pipe. Pitting corrosion occurred more prominently outside the pipe than inside, where water quality is controlled. The analysis indicated that the pipe failure occurred due to aluminum inclusions and the presence of a pearlite inhomogeneous phase fraction. Crevice corrosion occurred in the vicinity around the aluminum inclusions, causing localized corrosion. In the large pearlite fraction region, cementite in the pearlite acted as a cathode to promote dissolution of surrounding ferrite. Therefore, in the groundwater environment outside of the pipe, localized corrosion occurred due to crevice corrosion by aluminum inclusions, and localized corrosion was accelerated by the large fraction of pearlite around the aluminum inclusions, leading to pipe failure.
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Maruschak, Pavlo, Volodymyr Dzyura, Olegas Prentkovskis, Iaroslav Lytvynenko, and Myroslava Polutrenko. "Microdefects of Biocorroded Pipe Steel Surfaces and Safety Assessment of Localized Stress Concentrators." Metals 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070852.
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The effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on the corrosion of steel 20 was investigated. Results demonstrated that the chemical composition of corrosion products, the corrosion rate, and corrosion type were altered due to the adherence of SRB and the subsequent formation of biofilm on the steel 20 surface. The micromechanisms of biocorrosion damage of specimens from pipe steel 20 were quantified on the basis of the microgeometry of the degraded surface and the localization parameters of corrosive stress microconcentrators. Stress concentrators in the vicinity of the micro-cuts, which are the depths of the profilograms, make it possible to evaluate safe (allowable) microcorrosion damage. The proposed approach complements the well-known methods for monitoring biodeterioration of pipe steels. With its help, it was found that a decrease in the corrosion rate of specimens with the addition of an inhibitor does not always clearly indicate its effectiveness. The case where the introduction of an inhibitor led to the destruction of the SRB biofilm on the surface of specimens from steel 20, but caused the activation of local corrosion processes and the formation of a more developed microrelief, is considered. The hollows of such microrelief are potential places of origin of defects, which require additional control.
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Белостоцкий, Михаил Андреевич, and Анатолий Михайлович Короленок. "Experimental substantiation of the corrosion rate of pipe steel." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-4-407-411.
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Определяющее значение в развитии дефектности металла труб имеет коррозионный фактор, а также деградация механических свойств трубных сталей в процессе эксплуатации трубопроводов. Авторами приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по оценке скорости коррозии и склонности к трещинообразованию трубных сталей, наиболее распространенных на длительно эксплуатируемых магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводах. Разработана методика определения количественных показателей коррозионно значимых параметров для обоснования вывода в капитальный ремонт трубопроводов на основе результатов натурных экспериментальных исследований скорости коррозии фрагментов трубной стали при различных условиях поляризации и коррозионной активности грунта. Объект исследования - фрагменты труб (пластины) 50×50×3 мм, изготовленные из стали марок 09Г2С и 17Г1С. Полученные результаты позволили сформулировать рекомендации по уточнению количественных критериев коррозионно значимых факторов для обоснования вывода трубопровода в капитальный ремонт: 1) необходимо учитывать марку трубной стали (установлено, что сталь 17Г1С на 20-30 % более устойчива к коррозии, чем сталь 09Г2С, особенно в части образования локальных повреждений - язв и питтингов); 2) при значениях удельного электрического сопротивления грунта менее 20 Ом⋅м скорость коррозии возрастает примерно на порядок независимо от марки стали и наличия системы электрохимической защиты. This work presents the results of experimental studies on the assessment of the corrosion rate and the cracking tendencies of pipe steels, most common in the main oil and oil product pipelines that have been used for a significant amount of time. A methodology was developed for determining quantitative indicators of corrosion-significant parameters to justify the overhaul of main pipelines based on the results of field experimental studies of the corrosion rate of pipe steel fragments under various conditions of polarization and corrosive activity of the soil. The object of the study is pipe fragments (plates) with the dimensions of 50×50×3 mm, made of steel with the grades 09G2S and 17G1S. The results made it possible to formulate recommendations for refining the quantitative criteria of corrosion-significant factors to justify the overhaul of the pipeline: 1) it is necessary to take into account the pipe steel grade (it was found that 17G1S steel is 20-30 % more resistant to corrosion than 09G2S steel, especially in the formation of local damages - corrosion pits and pittings); 2) at values of specific soil resistance less than 20 Ohm⋅m, corrosion rate increases by about an order, regardless of the steel grade and the usage of an electrochemical protection system.
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Ko, Sang-Jin, Jeong-Hun An, Yong-Sang Kim, Woo-Cheol Kim, and Jung-Gu Kim. "Effects of Corrosion on Mechanical Properties of Welded Carbon Steel Pipe in District Heating Water." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223682.
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This study examined the effect of corrosion on mechanical properties of welded carbon steel pipe in district heating water. To evaluate the corrosion properties, potentiodynamic tests were conducted and a galvanostatic test was used to accelerate corrosion. Tensile tests and microstructure observations were performed to figure out the degradation of the corroded region, and stress intensity factors were calculated. As a result of the potentiodynamic tests, welded carbon steel pipe showed uniform corrosion and the total charge was calculated. Using the galvanostatic test, the current density at the equivalent aging time was applied to the specimens. The tensile tests showed that according to corrosion damages, mechanical properties were degraded due to corrosion. Through the microstructure observations and calculations of stress intensity factors, the corrosion of the welded carbon steel pipe induced the degradation of mechanical properties. The mode of fracture was changed from ductile to brittle fracture with increasing aging time.
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Bolobov, Viktor, and Grigoriy Popov. "Methodology for testing pipeline steels for resistance to grooving corrosion." Записки Горного института 252 (December 17, 2021): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.6.7.
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The methodology for testing pipeline steels is suggested on the assumption that for the destruction of pipes in field oil pipelines by the mechanism of grooving corrosion the simultaneous fulfillment of such conditions as the occurrence of scratches on the lower generatrix of the pipe, eventually growing into a channel in the form of a groove, emulsion enrichment with oxygen, presence of pipe wall metal in a stressed state, presence of chlorine-ion in the oil-water emulsion is required. Tests are suggested to be carried out in 3 % aqueous solution of NaCl with continuous aeration by air on bent plates 150×15×3 mm, made of the analyzed steel, the middle part of which is under the action of residual stresses σres, close to the level of maximum equivalent stresses σeqv in the wall of the oil pipeline, with the presence of a cut on this part on the inner side of the plate as an initiator of additional mechanical stresses. Using the value of the modulus of normal elasticity of the analyzed steel, the degree of residual strain of the elastic-plastic body from this material, corresponding to the value σres ≈ σeqv is calculated, based on which the plates are bent to the required deflection angle, after which the cut is applied to them. After keeping the plates in the corrosive medium for each of them the increase in depth of the cut as a result of corrosion of the walls by the corrosive medium is analyzed, from which the rate of steel K by the mechanism of grooving corrosion is calculated taking into account the duration of tests. Corrosion rate values for two pipe steel grades determined by the suggested procedure are given. The comparison of K values obtained leads to the conclusion about the higher resistance to grooving corrosion of 09G2S steel.
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Kantyukov, R. R., D. N. Zapevalov, and R. K. Vagapov. "Media corrosiveness and materials resistance at presence of aggressive carbon dioxide." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 11 (December 10, 2021): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-11-793-801.
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At the present stage of gas field development, the products of many mining facilities have increased content of corrosive CO2 . The corrosive effect of CO2 on steel equipment and pipelines is determined by the conditions of its use. CO2 has a potentially wide range of usage at oil and gas facilities for solving technological problems (during production, transportation, storage, etc.). Simulation tests and analysis were carried out to assess the corrosion effect of CO2 on typical steels (carbon, low-alloy and alloyed) used at field facilities. Gas production facilities demonstrate several corrosion formation zones: lower part of the pipe (when moisture accumulates) and top of the pipe (in case of moisture condensation). The authors have analyzed the main factors influencing the intensity of carbon dioxide corrosion processes at hydrocarbon production with CO2 , its storage and use for various technological purposes. The main mechanism for development of carbon dioxide corrosion is presence/condensation of moisture, which triggers the corrosion process, including the formation of local defects (pits, etc.). X-ray diffraction was used for the analysis of corrosion products formed on the steel surface, which can have different protective characteristics depending on the phase state (amorphous or crystalline).
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Zhi, Zhang, Xiao Yu Zhou, De Zhi Zeng, Ji Yin Zhang, and Tai He Shi. "Evaluation on Chloride Cracking of S135 High-Strength Drill Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.636.
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During the process of deep drilling with high temperature and high pressure, downhole drilling tools might be exposed to various corrosive mediums, such as water/oil-based drilling fluid systems, dissolved oxygen, H2S/CO2, halogen elements (Cl- and Br-), etc. Halogen elements existing in the drilling fluid are ions promoting corrosion of metals. This effect is mainly manifested in the forms of uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, etc. of carbon steel. Quality of the drill pipe is determined by the DP body, joint and welding area of the drill pipe. Reasonable friction welding process and proper post weld heat treatment can make the mechanical property of weld joint satisfy related standards. If process of friction welding or post weld heat treatment is improper, the weld joint will be easily damaged and accidents of pricking, breaking, etc will be likely aroused. This paper carries out an evaluation experiment of chloride cracking on the DP body, joints and weld joints of the high-strength drill pipe (S135) and discusses corrosion of the high-strength drill pipe caused by chloride ions.
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Kuppusamy, Chandra Sekhar, Saravanan Karuppanan, and Santosh S. Patil. "Buckling Strength of Corroded Pipelines with Interacting Corrosion Defects: Numerical Analysis." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 09 (November 2016): 1550063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500637.
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Pipelines in the oil and gas industry are prone to extensive internal corrosion which leads to premature failures. Furthermore, corrosion defects within certain proximity interact to reduce the overall strength of a pipe and are termed as interacting corrosion defects. Pipelines may also experience complex loadings due to geotechnical movements such as landslides and internal pressure. Therefore, an understanding of the behavior of corroded pipelines under multiple loadings is important for the safe operation of pipelines. Extensive literature review indicates that major design codes only consider the effect of interacting corrosion defects on the burst pressure of pipes, with less attention paid to the structural behavior of steel pipes under multiple loadings. Therefore, this study focuses on the effect of interacting corrosion defects of equal depth on the local buckling strength of X46 steel pipes using the finite element analysis (FEA). Results showed that the corrosion defects interact to reduce the overall buckling strength of the pipe. Furthermore, circumferentially aligned corrosion defects are more critical than axially aligned corrosion defects, due to the greater loss of material along the circumference of the pipe. Besides, the effect of interactions of corrosion defects on the buckling strength decreases as the internal pressure increases. Lastly, as the depth of the defects increases, their interactions become more severe, which can significantly reduce the overall buckling strength of the steel pipe.
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Leong, Kok Hoong, R. M. Johar, A. Yeo, M. Nazir M. Nor, M. N. A. Jalil, and A. N. Khalid. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Steel-Composite Hybrid Pipeline for Corrosive, High Pressure Applications." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.589.
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This paper describes an on-going study to investigate the efficacy of a steel-composite hybrid pipe material for applications in highly corrosive and extreme pressure conditions. The study, covering aspects of costs, design and qualification testing, has been carried out using an actual 10-in condensate steel pipeline as the basis for comparison. On the whole it has been concluded that the hybrid pipe material has the potential to substitute metal pipelines where corrosion resistance and high pressure are major drivers, although assessment is continuing.
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Tunaru, Mariana, and Alice Dinu. "The Involvement of Bacteria in the Failure of a Carbon Steel Pipe." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.7972.
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In the raw water a lot of bacteria who play an important role in the corrosion of steels are present. These bacteria may initiate or accelerate corrosion processes because they are able of inducing localized changes in the aqueous environment, in terms of pH and oxygen concentration, destroying protective layers or creating corrosive deposits. This paper presents a study on the involvement of bacteria in the degradation of a pipe from raw water cooling system. Microbiological analysis of sampled sludge from internal surface of pipe emphasized the existence of some microorganisms: heterotrophic aerobe bacteria, iron oxidizing bacteria and sulphate-reducing bacteria. Investigation techniques of microbiologically influenced corrosion included metallographic analysis of the surface and X-ray diffraction analysis of samples taken from existing deposits. The results emphasized that the change of environmental chemistry under the developed biofilm by the bacteria, together with the corrosive products as a result of the metabolic activity of the bacteria, influenced the perforation of the pipeline.
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Chatisathien, Polporn, and Nuttapon Suttitam. "Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior Assessment of Carbon Steel Pipes Using Cyclic Salt Spray Test." Key Engineering Materials 658 (July 2015): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.658.42.
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Accelerated atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel pipes subjected to cyclic salt spray test was performed according to ISO 14993 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Accelerated testing involving cyclic exposure to salt mist, “dry” and “wet” conditions [1]. In order to investigate the effect of degree of exposure to environment of inner surface of the pipe on corrosion behavior of inner surface of the specimens, degree of completeness of weldment, 0%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, of steel cover plate is varied. Exposure times in this study are 168, 336, and 504 hours which can be correlated to 10, 20, and 30 years exposed to C3 corrosivity category according to the definition of ISO 9223 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosivity of atmospheres – Classification, determination and estimation [2,3]. After testing, visual inspection on outer and inner surfaces of the specimens were performed. In addition, average corrosion rate of the specimens were performed according to ISO 8407 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens [4]. The results show that as-received steel pipe specimens exhibited great degree of corrosion attack on the inner surface of the specimens while slight amount of corrosion was observed from the welded pipe specimens.
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Shi, Jun Xiu, and Jian Hua Liu. "Study on Corrosion Behavior of Ti-Ni-Nb Shape Memory Alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel Aeroplane Pipe System." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.808.
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The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and galvanic corrosion of an aeroplane pipe made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti connected with a pipe coupling that made of Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloy were evaluated. SCC test was completed under simulated service environment in 6% NaCl solution through a self-designed corrosive system. Galvanic corrosion behavior of Ti-Ni-Nb/1Cr18Ni9Ti couple was conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution at 30°C, in which galvanic corrosion current (Ig) and galvanic corrosion potential (Eg) were monitored. The corrosion morphology was observed by using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM) after SCC test and galvanic test. It was showed that no obvious corrosion was detected on the surface of the whole pipe system after the simulated test. The two metals showed excellent resistance to SCC based on the section morphology observation. The average galvanic corrosion current of 1Cr18Ni9Ti/Ti-Ni-Nb couple was 0.13µA/cm2. No obvious corrosion pitting was detected on the surface of the two alloys by OM observation. Therefore, 1Cr18Ni9Ti pipe was safely connected with Ti-Ni-Nb pipe coupling in aeroplane pipe system.
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NYRKOVA, LYUDMILA, PAVLO LISOVYI, LARYSA GONCHARENKO, SVETLANA OSADCHUK, ANATOLIY KLYMENKO, YULIYA BORYSENKO, and OLEG BRATOCHKIN. "ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ КОРОЗІЙНОГО РОЗТРІСКУВАННЯ ТРУБНОЇ СТАЛІ 10Г2ФБ У МОДЕЛЬНОМУ ГРУНТОВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ЗА КАТОДНОЇ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЇ." Technologies and Engineering, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.2.3.
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Purpose. Investigate the regularities of corrosion cracking of 10G2FB steel under cathodic protection.Methodology. The following methods were used: slow strain rate, scanning electron microscopy, electrolytic hydrogenation, mass measurement.Results. The regularities of corrosion cracking of pipe steel 10G2FB in near neutral soil environment NS4 in the range of potentials from the corrosion potential to -1.2 V were investigated. According to the results of a complex of corrosion-mechanical, electrochemical and physical studies, it was found that with a shift in the cathodic polarization potential in the range of -0,75 V ® -0,95 V ® -1,05 V ® -1,2 V ® -0.95 V the coefficient of susceptibility of this steel to stress corrosion cracking KS increases correspondingly, 1,09 ® 1,11 ® 1,13 ® 1,26. The concentration of hydrogen which penetrating into steel at these potentials changes nonmonotonically: 0 ® 0 ® 0,057 ® 0,018 mol/dm3. The rate of residual corrosion with a potential shift in the series Еcor ® -0,75 V ® -0,95 V ® -1,05 V decreases first sharply, then slowly: 0.035 mm/year ® 0.005 mm/year ® 0.0009 mm/year ® 0.0004 mm/year, i.e. at high cathodic potentials, the applied polarization is spent on the decomposition of the aqueous electrolyte with the release of hydrogen, which penetrates into the steel and causes brittle cracking, which is confirmed by an increasing in the part of brittle fracture in the surface morphology of the specimens.Scientific originality. New results of fundamental research concerning the regularities of stress-corrosion cracking of ferrite-pearlite class steel of pipe assortment 10G2FB under conditions of cathodic protection in the range of potentials from the corrosion potential to -1.2 V have been obtained. It was revealed that a feature of the effect of cathodic polarization in the indicated range of potentials when assessing the tendency to stress corrosion cracking by the KS coefficient is an increasing in the relative narrowing and a decrease in the relative elongation, which generally indicates the embrittlement of the metal under the contact with corrosive medium and potential. Strength characteristics remain almost the same. The greatest tendency to stress-corrosion cracking is observed at a polarization potential of -1.0 V or more negative.Practical value. The developed methodology for a complex study of the regularities of stress- corrosion cracking was used for study of 10G2FB steel of the pipe assortment in a model soil environment NS4 under conditions simulating operating conditions. The new data obtained on the regularities of stress-corrosion cracking of steel will be useful for preventing the stress-corrosion cracking of main gas pipelines during operation.
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Lee, Sang Ll, Jin Kyung Lee, and Joon Hyun Lee. "An Evaluation on Corrosion Effect of Carbon Steel Using the NDT." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2411.
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The nuclear power plant has lots of pipes that the fluid of high temperature and high pressure flows. Among the pipe materials used at secondary circuit of the power plant the carbon steels are sensitive to corrosion due to their material properties. In this study, both ultrasonic test and acoustic emission test were used to study the corrosion effect for the carbon steel pipe nondestructively. The carbon steel specimens were in the pipe under 473K temperatures and 10MPa pressure conditions for corrosion processing. According to the degree of corrosion the strength of the specimen was evaluated, and the thickness of the corrosion specimens was also measured by using the ultrasonic wave. The experimental results showed that the attenuation factor was also increased as a depth of corrosion increased. The measured depth of the real corrosion by ultrasonic test shows the good agreement with that by an optical microscope. In order to understand the corrosion effect for the failure mechanism of carbon steel, a failure test on the specimen with various corrosion conditions was performed. An acoustic emission technique was also used to evaluate the degree of damage of corrosion specimen in real time. Acoustic emission technique is proved a useful method for on-line monitoring the microscopic failure mechanism and the damage location for the structures.
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Din, Zuraini. "Effect of pH in SRB (ATCC 7757) Growth for Oil and Gas API X 70 Steel Pipes." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2019.1.4.
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In the oil and gas industry, pipeline is the major transportation medium to deliver the products. According to [1] containment of pipeline loss to indicate that corrosion has been found to be the most predominant cause for failures of buried metal pipes. MIC has been identified as one of the major causes of underground pipeline corrosion failure and Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are the main reason causing MIC, by accelerating corrosion rate. The objectives of this study is to study the SRB growth, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 7757 due to pH and determine the optimum value controlling the bacteria growth on the internal pipe of carbon steel grade API X70. The result shows that the optimum SRB growth is at range pH 5-5 to 6.5 and the exposure time of 7 to 14 days. At pH 6.5 the maximum corrosion rate is 1.056 mm/year. Corrosion phenomena on carbon steel in the study proven had influence by pH and time. From this result pitting corrosion strongly attack at carbon steel pipe. In the future project, it is recommended to study the effect of different pipe location for example the pipeline under seawater.
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Atan, F., R. Rosliza, and W. M. Wan Syahidah. "The efficiency of moringa leaf (Moringa Oleifera) as green material carbon steel corrosion inhibitor for different concentration of sea water." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2266, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2266/1/012009.
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Abstract Carbon steel as materials of pipe is used in the plural oil and gas industry in Malaysia, but the corrosive working environment conditions create this type of pipe prone to corrosion. In electrical industries, Aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) are the most commonly used in transmission line systems due to aluminum’s light weight and cost, and carbon steel’s strand is high mechanical strength. Corrosion is an absolute phenomenon that occurs in carbon steel, but the rate of corrosion can be controlled by certain techniques. One of which is the use of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors or so-called green corrosion inhibitors. Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) is known to have a high content of antioxidant compounds and the use of this benefit only limited to water purification and as a food ingredient. From this issue, research was carried out on the use of Moringa leaf extract as green corrosion inhibitor on carbons steel. This research uses variations Moringa leaf powder concentration in 200 ml static seawater conditions (0 rpm) give the concentration of 200, 400, and 600, 800 and 1000 ppm to get optimal work. The linear polarization method used to determine the performance of Moringa leaf powder to reduce the corrosion reaction. In the tafel test, it was found that moringa leaf powder that is added suitable to work as inhibitor. Addition of the concentration able to reduce the corrosion rate up to 0.124 mmpy with efficiency from polarization resistance of 49.69 %, while efficiency from corrosion rate and corrosion current of 70.5% in static seawater conditions. Consequently, in inhibited solutions, the corrosion rate is indicative of the number of the free corrosion sites remaining after some sites have been blocked by inhibitor adsorption. Tafel test results found that a protective passive layer is formed on the surface of the steel make contact between the metal and sea water is reduced with existing of moringa leaf powder so that corrosion can be inhibited.
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Syafei, Nendi Suhendi, Darmawan Hidayat, Bernard Y. Tumbelaka, and Liu Kin Men. "Analisis Korosi Retak Tegangan pada Pipa Baja Karbon dalam Larutan Asam dan Sweet Gas." Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa 3, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v3.i1.2018.137-144.
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Pada eksplorasi di industri migas bahwa umumnya akan diikuti dengan zat korosif termasuk sweet gas (misalnya H2S dan CO2), maka akan mengakibatkan terjadinya peristiwa korosi. Bila terjadi peristiwa korosi retak tegangan akan mengakibatkan pipa baja karbon pecah sehingga berdampak produksi migas bisa terhenti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peristiwa korosi pipa baja karbon skala laboratorium dalam lingkungan asam dengan adanya sweet gas H2O dan CO2 dengan menggunakan metoda tiga titik pembebanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan pipa baja karbon API 5L-X65 yang berada dalam lingkungan larutan asam asetat dan amoniak, kemudian diisikan sweet gas CO2 dan H2S dalam keadaan jenuh. Berdasarkan hasil uji mikrostruktur dan mikroskop terpolarisasi, terjadi peristiwa korosi retak tegangan, yaitu korosi retak tegangan transgranular dan korosi retak tegangan intergranular. Laju korosi yang terjadi pada sampel uji akan semakin besar, apabila defleksi yang diberikan semakin besar. Dalamnya retakan pada sampel uji akan semakin dalam apabila defleksi yang diberikan semakin besar. Laju korosi pada sampel uji akan semakin besar untuk defleksi yang sama tetapi variasi waktu paparan berbeda.Kata kunci: korosi, retak tegangan, pembebanan tiga titik, sweet gas, pipa baja karbon In industry exploration oil and gas that will generally be followed by corrosive substances including sweet gas (e.g H2S and CO2), then will result in corrosion event. If there is event a corrosion stress cracking will cause the pipe carbon steel to break so that production oil and gas can be stopped. This research aims to analyze the corrosion event of pipe carbon steel in laboratory scale on acid environment with the existence of sweet gas H2O and CO2 by using method three points loading. This research uses pipe carbon steel API 5L-X65 which is in the environment of acetic acid and ammonia solution, then filled with sweet gas CO2 and H2S in saturated state. Based on microstructure and microscope polarized test results, there is a phenomenon corrosion stress cracking, i.e corrosion stress cracking transgranular stress and corrosion stress cracking intergranular. The corrosion rate occurs in test sample test will be greater if deflection to given is greater. Inside crack in test sample test will deeper if deflection to given is greater. The corrosion rate in test sample test will be greater for the same deflection but variation of exposure time is different.Keywords: corrosion, stress cracking, three-point loading, sweet gas, pipe carbon steel
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Shi, Xiaolong, Zhi Zhang, Lanjie Wu, Xincai Li, and Zhenwu Zhang. "Corrosion Law of Metal Pipeline in Tahe Oilfield and Application of New Materials." Coatings 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111269.
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Frequent corrosion perforation of metal pipes severely restricts oil and gas fields’ safety production and increases maintenance costs. Therefore, it is imminent to change the characteristics of metal materials fundamentally. In this paper, taking the metal pipe of Northwest Oil and Gas Field in China as an example, for the corrosion environment with high concentrations of H2S, CO2, H2O, Cl−, and O2, the main factors leading to corrosion are analyzed, the corrosion rules and optical materials of the pipe under different environmental and operating conditions are figured out, and the corrosion resistance of new pipes materials is evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In the environment of the CO2–H2O–Cl− strong scouring system, electrochemical corrosion dominates, and the corrosion morphology is mainly groove-like corrosion and ulcer-like corrosion; (2) The H2S content affects the incubation period and development period of pipe corrosion; (3) Through the two optimization directions of 20# steel refining and material alloying, BX245-1Cr pipe material has been developed. At present, the application of this pipe material has relatively better results.
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Parshakov, S. I., Al V. Serebryakov, M. M. Rozenbaum, An V. Serebryakov, D. V. Markov, and S. B. Prilukov. "Producing superthin-walled pipe from corrosion-resistant steel." Steel in Translation 37, no. 5 (May 2007): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091207050142.
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Ito, Akira, Norihiro Fujimoto, Yosuke Okamura, Hiroyuki Saito, and Takanobu Suzuki. "Corrosion Model of Carbon Steel Pipe on Manhole." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 68, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.68.321.
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Kuzmak, A. E., A. V. Kozheurov, L. A. Efimenko, V. Yu Ilyukhin, and O. V. Konovalova. "Strain ageing and corrosion resistance of pipe steel." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 44, no. 3-4 (March 2008): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-008-9032-8.
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Jafar, N. Mohamad, T. Abubakar, C. Y. Chong, and N. H. Ahmad. "Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Morphology and Adhesion Strength of Eggshell Coating on Mild Steel." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.190.
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Eggshell waste is rich source of calcium carbonate and can be applied to protect steel pipe from corrosion. Calcium carbonate precipitation can be naturally formed as a coating to protect steel pipe from oxygen diffusion. However, with calcium carbonate formed due to natural process, it is difficult to achieve the adequate thickness and capable of protecting the steel pipe. By adapting his corrosion protection mechanism, application of eggshell is of mild steel to eliminate the lengthy and complicated corrosion control system has been practiced. In this research, the eggshell powder was applied to coat the mild steel substrate using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The EPD process is simple and cheap. The eggshell was successfully coated on mild steel substrates at deposition voltage ranged between 20 to 100 volts and sintering temperatures at 400, 500 and 600°C. The best coating morphology and adhesion strength were determined at deposition voltage of 100 volts for 1 minute and sintering temperature at 600°C. These conditions are based on the morphology of the eggshell surface and the highest adhesion strength of the coated samples. The finding demonstrates the ability of the eggshell to be coated on steel substrate using the EPD process with good adhesion strength.
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Cheng, Jiarui, Qiqi Yan, Zewei Pan, and Wenlan Wei. "On-Line Measurement and Characterization of Electrochemical Corrosion of 304L Stainless Steel Pipe Wall in High-Speed Cl-Containing Solution." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081324.
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Fluid-induced metal corrosion failure is one of the main causes of pipe wall damage. In this paper, aimed at the corrosion failure of stainless-steel pipe wall in high-speed flowing liquid, a self-made micro three-electrode electrochemical test system was used to test the electrochemical characteristics of the pipe under different flow rates and different Cl− concentrations. In the experiment, the changes of open circuit potential, polarization curve and impedance spectrum of 304L stainless steel surface were obtained. At the same time, the corrosion rate of the material under different conditions was obtained by fitting. The results show that the corrosion rate varied non-linearly with increasing flow velocities. In addition, with the increase of Cl− concentration, the corrosion rate increased at a slower rate. The material surface under high concentration and high flow rate conditions was subject to physical cutting and electrochemical reactions, showing an activated and easy pitting corrosion state. The results of this study can provide data for failure analysis and life extension of pipelines and equipment in service.
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Efird, K. D. "Disturbed Flow and Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795013.
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The effect of fluid flow on corrosion of steel in oil and gas environments involves a complex interaction of physical and chemical parameters. The basic requirement for any corrosion to occur is the existence of liquid water contacting the pipe wall, which is primarily controlled by the flow regime. The effect of flow on corrosion, or flow-accelerated corrosion, is defined by the mass transfer and wall shear stress parameters existing in the water phase that contacts the pipe wall. While existing fluid flow equations for mass transfer and wall shear stress relate to equilibrium conditions, disturbed flow introduces nonequilibrium, steady-state conditions not addressed by these equations, and corrosion testing in equilibrium conditions cannot be effectively related to corrosion in disturbed flow. The problem in relating flow effects to corrosion is that steel corrosion failures in oil and gas environments are normally associated with disturbed flow conditions as a result of weld beads, pre-existing pits, bends, flanges, valves, tubing connections, etc. Steady-state mass transfer and wall shear stress relationships to steel corrosion and corrosion testing are required for their application to corrosion of steel under disturbed flow conditions. A procedure is described to relate the results of a corrosion test directly to corrosion in an operation system where disturbed flow conditions are expected, or must be considered.
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Agustriono, Elfidiah, Kiagus Ahmad Roni,. "Corrosion Analysis of Oil Drilling Pipes On Mobile RIG 42.3 N1500 E In Prabumulih." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v2i2.47.
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In the oil, gas, and geothermal drilling industry, the use of drill pipe is very important to increase the length of the drilling depth. Problems that are often encountered in drilling pipes such as broken, bent, and leaking drilling pipes, one of which is caused by corrosion. Corrosion is the degradation of materials (usually metals) due to the electrochemical reaction of these materials with their environment. This study uses a specimen of carbon steel pipe type G105 where this pipe is used in field drilling. From the results of research on the corrosion rate test, the corrosion rate value is obtained in mm / month. This study took the first drill pipe sample starting from May 2018 to October 2019 with the same sample code with a sample size of 69 pipes. Based on the research results, the largest corrosion rate value in the drilling pipe from May 2018 to October 2019 is 0.12 mm / month. In the research, the smallest remaining life of the drilling pipe is 6.2 months. Of the 69 drilling pipes studied, there were 11 drilling pipe samples that had decreased quality to class 2. Based on the results of Scanning Electron Microscopy photos, the condition of the pipe surface morphology after corrosion and there was surface damage after corrosion.
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Nyrkova, L. I., P. E. Lisovy, L. V. Goncharenko, S. O. Osadchuk, V. A. Kostin, and A. V. Klymenko. "Regularities of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Pipe Steel 09G2S at Cathodic Polarization in a Model Soil Environment." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.4.828-836.
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Peculiarities of corrosion-mechanical fracture of 09G2S pipe steel samples in the conditions of cathodic protection were investigated. It was established that depending on the level of protective potential, stress-corrosion cracking of pipe steel of a ferrite-pearlite class 09G2S can occur by different mechanisms. The range of protective potentials was determined, at which the anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement occur simultaneously during the fracture of steel, namely from -0.85 V to -1.0 V. The existence of the above mechanisms is confirmed by the change in the strength and viscosity properties of the steel and the morphology of the fractures. For steels of other manufacturing technology and grades, these potential areas may differ.
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Arviansyah, Naufan, Sumarji Sumarji, and Digdo Listyadi Setyawan. "PENGARUH BASIC SEDIMENT AND WATER TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI PIPA X52 DAN A53 PADA MEDIA OIL SLUDGE." ROTOR 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v10i1.5141.
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This research have a purpuse to know corrosion rate in pipe X52 and A53 at oil sludge media caused BS and W. Corrosion is a damage of metal that occurs because reaction between metal with environtment and produce unwanted of corrosion product. Pipe X52 and A53 is a type of low carbon steel that use for fluid transportation system in industry. Oil sludge is a sediment of crude oil from main gathering storage and containing variouses elements. Oil sludge have a one of element is Basic Sediment and Water that is can make corrosion happen to distribution pipes. Measuring Method used in this research is weight loss method. The result of corrosion rate in Oil Sludge media containing 30,17% BS and W for pipe A53 is 1,64 x 10-2 mmpy and the result for pipa X52 is 2,47 x 10-2 mmpy. The result of corrosion rate in Oil Sludge media containing 60,67% BS and W for pipe A53 is 2,12 x 10-2 mmpy and for pipe X52 the result is 3,13 x 10-2 mmpy. The result of this research showed pipe A53 have more resistance than pipe X52. The corrosion is classified as uniform corrosion.
Keywords : A53, Weight Loss, Oil Sludge, X52.
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Tong, Ke, Zhi Hai Fan, Ting Ting Qu, and Xiao Liang Bai. "Test Analysis of Corrosion Perforation in a Crude Oil Gathering Pipeline." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1209.
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The reason for perforation leakage of gathering pipeline in an oilfield was investigated by size measurement, mechanical properties, metallographic structure, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The results showed that the failure form of the spirally submerged arc welded pipe (SAW) was the corrosion perforation caused by local corrosion. The main cause of corrosion perforation was due to the existence of chlorine ion, H2O and O2 in the pipeline transportation medium. A large cathode and small anode electrode corrosion formed in the pipe marking area and the base metal, which eventually led to the perforation of the steel pipe.
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Song, Jian, Zhiming Gao, Chenxi Liu, and Wenbin Hu. "Corrosion behavior of WB36CN1 steel at different flow rates." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 5 (September 7, 2020): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2020-2291.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of flow rate (0.42∼2.09 m/s) on the corrosion behavior of WB36CN1 steel pipe in the simulated secondary circuit water environment (170°C, 6 mg/L ethanolamine + 100 µg/L NaCl), for which an autoclave was used to simulate the secondary circuit environment for carrying out related experiments. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion behaviors were studied by electrochemical methods, morphological observations and elemental analysis. Findings As flow rate increases, the amplitude of the current noise fluctuates increased, noise resistance Rn and spectral noise resistance Rsn decreased, the shear stress on the surface of WB36CN1 steel increases, the oxygen content on the surface decreases, the roughness becomes smaller. Meanwhile, the energy of energy distribution plot is concentrated at high frequencies under the three flow conditions, the slopes of current power spectral density curve approach 0 db/decade. This means that the oxide on the surface becomes less and corrosion rate increases with increasing flow rate. The corrosion type of WB36CN1 steel was uniform corrosion; the degree of uniform corrosion is higher at high flow rate. Originality/value The effect of flow rate on the corrosion behavior of WB36CN1 steel pipe in the secondary circuit water environment was studied by using electrochemical methods in the laboratory. The effect mechanism of flow rate for corrosion behavior was obtained.
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Chen, Jian Zhong, and Zhuo Qiu Li. "Study on the Effect of Different Joints Material on GRP Jacking Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.995.
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GRP (Glass fiber reinforced plastics) jacking pipe has many advantages, such as lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, long life, good hydraulic and so on. The key of GRP jacking pipe is the joints problem. There are two different joints material in GRP jacking pipe: GRP ring and steel ring. The effect of different joints material on the GRP jacking pipe is analyzed by ABAQUS. When the jacking pipe with jacking force, the deflection angle of the pipeline has significant effect on joints force, even if the 0.05° of deflection, the pipe axial compression stress will double. When the jacking pipe without jacking force, joints force related to free deflection angle of the joints. Through comparison the steel ring and GRP ring shows that GRP ring better than steel ring on the ability to withstand deflection.
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Pradityana, Atria, Sulistijono, Abdullah Shahab, Lukman Noerochim, and Diah Susanti. "Inhibition of Corrosion of Carbon Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution byMyrmecodia PendansExtract." International Journal of Corrosion 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6058286.
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Inhibitor is a substance that is added to the corrosive media to inhibit corrosion rate. Organic inhibitors are preferred to inorganic ones since they are environmentally friendly. One of the organic compounds which is rarely reported as a corrosion inhibitor isMyrmecodia Pendans. The organic compounds can be adsorbed on the metal surface and block the active surface to reduce the rate of corrosion. In this study, the used pipe was carbon steel API 5L Grade B with 3.5% NaCl solution as the corrosion medium. The objective of this research was to analyze the inhibition mechanismMyrmecodia Pendanstowards carbon steel in a corrosion medium. Concentration variations of extractMyrmecodia Pendanswere 0–500 ppm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used for chemical characterization ofMyrmecodia Pendans. Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to measure the corrosion rate and behaviour. From the electrochemical measurements, it was found that the addition of 400 mg/L inhibitor gave the highest inhibition efficiency.Myrmecodia Pendansacted as a corrosion inhibitor by forming a thin layer on the metal surface.
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Nam, Jun-Seok, and Hong-Sun Ryou. "A Comparative Study on the Calculating of Thickness and Height at T-Shaped Branch for KS D 3595 Stainless Steel Pipe using the Results both the Finite Element Method and the Experiment." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.e7ef7989.
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Stainless steel pipe for general piping specified under the KS D 3595 standard is used as a substitute for carbon steel pipe in places where corrosion of coastal regions is a concern because there is little risk of corrosion. In order to install the branch pipe from the main pipe, the pipe is punched into the elliptical shape and the cone-shaped plug is pulled out of the main pipe to form a T-Shaped branch portion. However, there is a problem that is damaged when welding the pipe to the branch, but it is insufficient to understand the behavior of the material and the principle of damage due to plastic deformation when forming the branch. Hence, in this study, material behavior and stress were analyzed through finite element analysis. The diameter of the KS D 3595 stainless steel main was varied from 75 mm to 100 mm and the diameter of the branch pipe was varied from 25 mm to 80 mm. So, a total of eighteen cases were analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the maximum residual stress occurs in the central portion of the pipe along the longitudinal direction of the branch, and the residual stress increases as the size of the branch processing portion increases. Furthermore, in this study the minimum cutting height required for compatibility with the minimum thickness of the branching portion is reported.
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Qu, Ting Ting, Shen Cong, Ke Tong, En Peng Song, and Ji Cheng Ren. "Analysis of Corrosion Causes in the Export of a Compressor in the Pipeline of Western China." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1218.
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The field investigation, macro-inspection, thickness measurement, chemical components examination, mechanical characters tests, microstructure, SEM, XRD analysis and soil composition test were carried out, in order to analysis the external corrosion of the L415 pipe line near the compressor outlet. The results showed that the frequent vibration of the compressor outlet could lead to the damage and failure of the anticorrosive layer, which made the steel pipe loses protection and further exposed to the external environment to cause oxygen corrosion. The content of Cl- in soil was higher in the western China, which accelerated the corrosion of pipe. The corrosion acceleration mainly depended on the pipeline temperature and the secondary external anticorrosive layer.
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Nesterova, Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna, Aleksandr Grigorievich Verevkin, and Nataliya Vladimirovna Prokhorova. "The influence of carbon steel chemical composition on the biochemical activity of sessile sulfate-reducing bacteria." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021104113.
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The technogenic failure caused by biological corrosion of pipelines and other oilfield equipment is an urgent problem for all oil-producing countries of the world. It has been established that many types of corrosion are initiated by the development of sulfate-reducing bacteria on the inner pipe surfaces. This paper presents the results of model laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the effect of the chemical composition of pipeline steel on the number and biochemical activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria development on its surface. Three chromium-containing corrosion-resistant steels were selected for the experiment, steel samples alloyed with 1% manganese were used as control samples. The bacteria for model experiments, mostly belonging to the genus Desulfovibrio, were taken from the inner surface of the damaged pipe after exploitation at an oil field in the Samara Region. In model experiments a reliable influence of the chemical composition of pipe steel on the quantitative characteristics and biochemical activity of bacteria developing on its surface was established. The biochemical activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, determined by the stimulation of hydrogen sulfide formation and a change in dehydrogenase activity, significantly depended on the chromium content. An increase in the chromium concentration in the tested steel samples by up to 5% reduced the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria and their biochemical activity. The experiments allow us only to make a conclusion about the influence of the chemical composition of pipe steels on the number and biochemical activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, but do not reveal its resistance to bacterial corrosion.