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Journal articles on the topic 'STEEL FINISHING'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Wu, Bao Cai, Feng Shi, Xin Yu Cheng, Rui Min Lin, and Chun Ming Liu. "Microstructures and Textures During Annealing in Low Carbon Al-Killed Steels with Low Finishing Temperatures and High Coiling Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.52.

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Microstructures and textures after annealing at 680°C in low carbon Al-killed steels with low finishing temperature and high coiling temperature were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The results show that higher coiling temperature and lower finishing temperature can both cause the appearance of equiaxed grain and line cementite. The equiaxed grain in 2# steel with higher coiling temperature is the more obvious. Advantage textures are weak in the steels with higher coiling temperature and lower finishing temperature and volume fraction of {111}fiber in 2# steel with higher coiling temperature is only 7.17%, so the stamping property should be worse.

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2

Gao, Bing, Bo Wang, and Jian Qi Zou. "Anti-Pulls Out Strength Research on Concretes Component of Low-Alloy Coupled Steels and Cold Rolling Belt Rib Steel Bars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2537.

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Both Low-alloy Coupled Steels and Cold rolling belt rib steel bars are cold finishing steel bars. In project practice, Anchor ability of Low-alloy Coupled Steels Concrete will higher than cold rolling belt rib steel bars. So, more economical steel bars and cement contents. Through comparative trial about on concretes component of Low-alloy coupled steels and cold rolling belt rib steel bars in this article. Summarizes that anchor ability of Low-alloy coupled steels are depending transverse steel, well, steel bars and concretes has the better joint work ability.

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3

Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, and Reinhold S. E. Schneider. "Tool Steel Quality And Surface Finishing of Plastic Molds." Exacta 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2442.

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Plastic industry is today in a constant growth, demanding several products from other segments, which includes the plastic molds, mainly used in the injection molding process. Considering all the requirements of plastic molds, the surface finishing is of special interest, as the injected plastic part is able to reproduce any details (and also defects) from the mold surface. Therefore, several aspects on mold finishing are important, mainly related to manufacturing conditions – machining, grinding, polishing and texturing, and also related to the tool steel quality, in relation to microstructure homogeneity and non-metallic inclusions (cleanliness). The present paper is then focused on this interrelationship between steel quality and manufacturing process, which are both related to the final quality of plastic mold surfaces. Examples are discussed in terms of surface finishing of plastic molds and the properties or the microstructure of mold steels.

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4

SHANE, ROBERT E. "FINISHING STEEL FOR EXTERIOR SERVICE." Advanced Manufacturing Processes 2, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426918708953188.

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5

Okada, Akira, Yoshiyuki Uno, Hiroaki Watanabe, Kunihiko Fujiwara, and Kenji Doi. "Surface Modification of Stainless Steel for Surgical Tool by EB-Polishing." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.339.

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A new surface finishing method by large-area electron beam irradiation (EB-polishing) for stainless steels for orthopedic surgical tool was proposed in our previous paper, and it was shown that high-efficient surface finishing was possible by the EB-polishing. In this report, the surface structure of EB-polished stainless steel is analyzed by TEM and EDX. Also, surface modification effects such as resistance to corrosion and blood repellency are evaluated. Then, the applicability of the EB-polishing as a new surface modification method of stainless steel for orthopedic surgical tool is discussed.

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6

Grigoriev, Sergey N., Alexander S. Metel, Tatiana V. Tarasova, Anastasia A. Filatova, Sergey K. Sundukov, Marina A. Volosova, Anna A. Okunkova, Yury A. Melnik, and Pavel A. Podrabinnik. "Effect of Cavitation Erosion Wear, Vibration Tumbling, and Heat Treatment on Additively Manufactured Surface Quality and Properties." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111540.

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The paper is devoted to researching various post-processing methods that affect surface quality, physical properties, and mechanical properties of laser additively manufactured steel parts. The samples made of two types of anticorrosion steels—20kH13 (DIN 1.4021, X20Cr13, AISI 420) and 12kH18N9T (DIN 1.4541, X10CrNiTi18-10, AISI 321) steels—of martensitic and austenitic class were subjected to cavitation abrasive finishing and vibration tumbling. The roughness parameter Ra was reduced by 4.2 times for the 20kH13 (X20Cr13) sample by cavitation-abrasive finishing when the roughness parameter Ra for 12kH18N9T (X10CrNiTi18-10) sample was reduced by 2.8 times by vibratory tumbling. The factors of cavitation-abrasive finishing were quantitatively evaluated and mathematically supported. The samples after low tempering at 240 °C in air, at 680 °C in oil, and annealing at 760 °C in air were compared with cast samples after quenching at 1030 °C and tempering at 240 °C in air, 680 °C in oil. It was shown that the strength characteristics increased by ~15% for 20kH13 (X20Cr13) steel and ~20% for 12kH18N9T (X10CrNiTi18-10) steel than for traditionally heat-treated cast samples. The wear resistance of 20kH13 (X20Cr13) steel during abrasive wear correlated with measured hardness and decreased with an increase in tempering temperatures.

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7

Guan, Xin, Zhong Qi Dong, Min Chen, Jian Lu Yuan, Jun Wei Fu, and Yan Yan Zhang. "Flexible Rolling Technology of Spring Steel 60Si2Mn." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.7.

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The mechanical properties of 60Si2Mn were investigated with the cooling rate changing under new finishing temperature. Results showed: the mechanical properties of 60Si2Mn plate depend on the finishing temperature and the cooling rate changing. The microstructure of ferrite and pearlitic lamellar is thinning, and sorbitic content and HV increase with the cooling rate increasing under the same finishing temperature.

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8

BOTELHO, Tamires Isabela Mesquita, Paulo Lourenço MONTEIRO JUNIOR, Maria Adrina Paixão de Sousa DA SILVA, Rosimar Batista DA SILVA, and Alexandre Saldanha DO NASCIMENTO. "A TECHNICAL VIABILITY ANALYISIS OF USE OF THE CARAPA GUIANENSIS OIL (ANDIROBA OIL) AS CUTTING FLUID IN THE TURNING PROCESS OF THE ABNT 1020 AND 1045 STEEL GRADES." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (January 20, 2019): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2020.446_periodico31_pgs_440_449.pdf.

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In machining, the proper selection of cutting fluids result in benefits that vary from superior quality of the machined component to manufacturing cost. In addition, the must have characteristics that do not harm the user and the environment. In this sense, this work evaluates the effects of the vegetable base oil extracted from Carapa Guianensis in the external cylindrical turning process of the ABNT 1020 and 1045 steel grades. Highspeed steel tools were tested under roughing and finishing conditions. In addition to the physico-chemical characterization (dynamic viscosity at 40 °C and pH) of fluid, the chip form, surface finish, tool wear and workpiece temperature were evaluated. After characterization of oil, there were recorded in the dynamic viscosity at 40 °C of 0.11 Pa.s and pH of 2.3. The average roughness recorded were very close to those usually reported in the literature for finishing turning for ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels. It was also observed that the workpiece temperatures were higher when machining the ABNT 1020 steel grade under finishing condition than for other steel and conditions tested. Based on these findings, the andiroba oil delivered the conventional coolant technique demonstrated to be a technically viable alternative to conventional coolants in the turning process of ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels, because of it biodegradability characteristics and to reduce petroleumbased cutting fluids in the machining processes.

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9

Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, and Reinhold S. E. Schneider. "Tool Steel Quality And Surface Finishing of Plastic Molds DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2442." Exacta 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exactaep.v8i3.2442.

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Plastic industry is today in a constant growth, demanding several products from other segments, which includes the plastic molds, mainly used in the injection molding process. Considering all the requirements of plastic molds, the surface finishing is of special interest, as the injected plastic part is able to reproduce any details (and also defects) from the mold surface. Therefore, several aspects on mold finishing are important, mainly related to manufacturing conditions – machining, grinding, polishing and texturing, and also related to the tool steel quality, in relation to microstructure homogeneity and non-metallic inclusions (cleanliness). The present paper is then focused on this interrelationship between steel quality and manufacturing process, which are both related to the final quality of plastic mold surfaces. Examples are discussed in terms of surface finishing of plastic molds and the properties or the microstructure of mold steels.

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10

Ngamkham, Komsan, Satian Niltawach, and Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn. "Mechanical Adhesion and Pickling Behaviour of Thermal Oxide Scales on Hot-Rolled Low Carbon Steel Strips Produced by Different Finishing Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.170.

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Hot-rolled low carbon steel strips were produced using two different finishing temperatures at 910 and 820 °C in an industrial hot-rolling line. Mechanical adhesion of scale on the steel substrate at 40 mm from the edge was investigated by tensile test. It was found that the strain initiating the first spallation of scale produced at higher finishing temperature was lower. Spallation ratio which is a spalled area of scale divided by the total area of scale examined under an optical microscope was steeper when the scale was produced at higher finishing temperature. The lower values of strain initiating the first spallation and the higher values of spallation ratio of scale formed both at higher finishing temperature were due to higher thickness of that scale. Pickling behaviour of the hot-rolled steels was investigated by immersing the studied steels in a 10%v/v HCl solution at 80 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of hematite relative to that of iron decreased with pickling time and approached zero during pickling periods from 3 to 10 s, while magnetite-and-iron ratio gradually decreased and tended to be zero at longer pickling time. This might indicate the existence of hematite as the outermost layer of scale and subscale containing magnetite as the inner part.

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11

Qin, Xiao Mei, Li Qing Chen, and Hong Shuang Di. "Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructures of 30Mn20Al3 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.378.

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The microstructures of 30Mn20Al3 non-magnetic steel after different finishing temperature and cooling rates have been studied by multi-pass compression test in a thermal-mechanical simulator. The results show that the microstructure of this steel is totally of austenitic with amounts of twins. At the same cooling rate, larger amount of thicker twins appear when lowering finishing temperature. The austenite grain size is related to finishing temperature and cooling rate. The critical temperature of austenite recrystallization is determined as 950~1000°C. When the finishing temperature is about 1000°C and cooling rate higher than 15°C/s, fine and uniform austenite grains can be obtained.

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12

Walczak, Janusz. "Finishing of super alloys and hardened steel." Mechanik 90, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.10.127.

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Presented are challenges of finishing machining of superalloys and hardened steel. The right approach to tool selection for finishing and the effect of coolant delivery on process parameters and optimization options will be described.

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13

Semenchenko, G. V., G. P. Saltykov, S. D. Zinchenko, E. Ya Spevak, M. I. Samsonova, and K. V. Ivanov. "Finishing heat treatment for relay steel." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 33, no. 10 (October 1991): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00800685.

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14

Li, Wen Hui, Sheng Qiang Yang, Shi Chun Yang, and Hong Ling Chen. "Research of Uniformity and Effect on Crankshaft Barrel Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4120.

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At present, crankshafts are finished mostly by abrasive cloth and manual steel brush, which is not ideal on finishing quality, efficiency, cost and cleanness degree. So a new process, horizontal spindle barrel finishing, is developed. Based on its finishing mechanism, factors and effect affecting finishing uniformity are analyzed by theory and experiment, finishing effect is defined, which provides basis for parameters selection of crankshafts barrel finishing.

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15

Heng, Lida, Cheng Yin, Seok Han, Jun Song, and Sang Mun. "Development of a New Ultra-High-Precision Magnetic Abrasive Finishing for Wire Material Using a Rotating Magnetic Field." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020312.

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In this paper, we propose a new ultra-high-precision magnetic abrasive finishing method for wire material which is considered to be difficult with the existing finishing process. The processing method uses a rotating magnetic field system with unbonded magnetic abrasive type. It is believed that this process can efficiently perform the ultra-high-precision finishing for producing a smooth surface finish and removing a diameter of wire material. For such a processing improvement, the following parameters are considered; rotational speed of rotating magnetic field, vibration frequency of wire material, and unbonded magnetic abrasive grain size. In order to evaluate the performance of the new finishing process for the wire material, the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1085 steel wire was used as the wire workpiece. The experimental results showed that the original surface roughness of AISI 1085 steel wire was enhanced from 0.25 µm to 0.02 µm for 60 s at 800 rpm of rotational speed. Also, the performance of the removed diameter was excellent. As the result, a new ultra-high-precision magnetic abrasive finishing using a rotating magnetic field with unbonded magnetic abrasive type could be successfully adopted for improving the surface roughness and removing the diameter of AISI 1085 steel wire material.

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16

Gill, Jagdeep Singh, and Lakhvir Singh. "OPTIMIZATION OF MAGNETIC ABRASIVE FINISHING PROCESS OF SS304 STAINLESS STEEL." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2022.14.1.55.

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With the advancement of the high-end industry, the demand for smooth surfaces has grown at an exorbitant rate. Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is gaining wide attention these days as a popular finishing method to achieve smooth and high-quality surfaces. An alternative approach was used in the present work to produce a highly finished surface on stainless steel SS304 sheet using a magnetic abrasive finishing process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process parameters. Optimal results occur at a magnetic flux density (3100 Gauss), the rotational speed of the magnetic pole (250 rpm), grit size (250µm), and the percentage of abrasive particles (10%) for a percentage reduction in surface roughness (%∇Ra). Among the four factors, the grit size of the abrasives is the factor with the highest contribution (42.70%) and the rotation speed of the magnetic pole is the factor with the least contribution (0.79%) during the finishing process of the magnetic abrasive, which affects the percentage reduction in surface roughness (%∇Ra). To acquire a better understanding of the finishing mechanism, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and surface profiles of the surface before and after magnetic abrasive finishing were also examined.

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17

Li, Wen Hui, Shi Chun Yang, Sheng Qiang Yang, and H. L. Chen. "Process Characteristics Research on Horizontal Spindle Barrel Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.15.

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At present, crankshafts are finished mostly by abrasive cloth and manual steel brush, which is not ideal on finishing quality, efficiency and cost, especially cleanness degree does not meet design and use request. So horizontal spindle barrel finishing has been developed. Based on its finishing theory, process characteristics are key factors affecting the finishing effect, especially finishing uniformity. Process characteristics of motion parameters, finishing depth, finishing time, etc. are analyzed, and reasonable parameters are defined. It provides basis for industry application of this process.

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18

SOGAWA, Satori, and Tsutomu OSUMI. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Stainless steel enamel." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.244.

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19

Li, Yan Bin, Hong Gao, Tong Jiang, and Ren Song Zou. "Study on Ausform Finishing Process and Gear Tooth Deformation for Hardened Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2083.

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An ausform finishing process that integrates heat treatment, rolling finishing and hardening of steel components into single on-line manufacturing operation is discussed in this paper ,with the gear steel 20CrMo which is widely used in auto and precise machine industry as a example .the tooth engagement process is modeled ,and the formulas for calculating deformation are deduced.

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20

Ayaz, M., N. Banimostafa Arab, and D. Mirahmadi Khaki. "Application of Taguchi Method for Investigating the Mechanical Properties of a Microalloyed Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0144.

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Abstract In the present investigation, the effects of processing parameters, such as roughing, finishing and coiling temperatures, on the strain hardening exponent and yield strength of a Nb-microalloyed steel has been studied by Taguchi method. In order to achieve maximum n-value and yield strength, tests were done in a laboratorial pilot considering a L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi method under following condition: roughing temperature of 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 °C, finishing temperature of 800, 850, 900, 950 °C, coiling temperature of 550, 600, 650, 700 °C. Then, analysis of variance and signal to noise ratios are performed on the measured data. The results indicated that the finishing and coiling temperatures were the major factor affecting the mechanical properties. The confirmation tests at optimal conditions approve the effectiveness of this robust design methodology in investigating the hot rolling process of the microalloyed steels.

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21

Zhou, Jia Lin, Chen Gang Pan, and Xiao Yong Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Metal Flow of Finishing Groove in Hot Continuous Rolling Bar." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.667.

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This article established 3D FE model of dual-radius arc finishing groove and tangent expansion angle finishing groove using ANSYS / LS-DYNA software for Wuhan Iron and Steel plant Ф16 hot continuous bar, and analyzed metal flow pattern, stress and strain distribution of two types finishing grooves. The results show that surface stress and strain distribution of dual-radius arc finishing groove have better uniform than them of tangent expansion angle finishing groove, and dual-radius arc finishing groove ensures the stability of the rolled piece in finishing groove, improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of rolled finishing product.

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22

Li, Yan Bin, Tong Jiang, and Peng Zheng. "A New Method for Hardened Gears Machining - Ausform Finishing Process." Advanced Materials Research 279 (July 2011): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.279.291.

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Ausform finishing process plastically deforms the surface of a steel component, generates compressive residual stresses in the surface layer, and imparts added strength and durability to the component. It integrates heat treatment, roll finishing and hardening of steel components into a single in-line manufacturing operation. The gear steel 20CrMo is introduced to determine various operation parameter of this process. The experiment results shown that ausform finished gears have the advantages of improved surface finish and profile accuracy.

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23

Yamaguchi, Hitomi, Takeo Shinmura, and Ryota Ikeda. "Study of Internal Finishing of Austenitic Stainless Steel Capillary Tubes by Magnetic Abrasive Finishing." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 5 (December 4, 2006): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738957.

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This paper studies the internal finishing of capillary tubes using a magnetic abrasive finishing process. Such tubes are used with nanoscale technologies and meet the demands of the present age in medical and chemical equipment. The finishing characteristics are influenced by the magnetic abrasive behavior against the inner surface of the capillary, which is controlled by the supplied amount of magnetic abrasive and the magnetic force acting on it. The development of the finishing unit identifies the characteristics of the magnetic field, which controls the magnetic force, required for the necessary magnetic abrasive behavior. Finishing experiments using SUS304 austenitic stainless steel capillary tube with 800μm inner diameter demonstrate the effects of the supplied amount of the magnetic abrasive on the finishing characteristics, and the results suggest a standard method to determine the amount to achieve sufficient finishing. The run-out of the capillary while rotating at high speed under the cantilever tube support method causes instability of the magnetic abrasive behavior. The effects on the finishing characteristics are discussed, and a method to diminish the run-out is applied. Accordingly, this paper presents the conditions required for the internal finishing of capillary tubes and proposes methods to realize them. The internal finishing of 400μm inner diameter capillary tubes conveys an understanding of the mechanisms involved and demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed methods.

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24

Shen, Xin Jun, Xiang Jun Zhang, Feng Qin Ji, Jun Chen, Shuai Tang, and Guo Dong Wang. "Effects of Processing Parameters on the Evolution of Microstructure and Hole Expansion Property of F/B Dual Phase Steels." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.384.

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With the development of auto industry, the F/B dual phase steels were widely used in wheel and underpan due to their lower cost and higher hole expansion property. In the present investigation, the effects of the finishing rolling temperature and initial cooling temperature of ultra fast cooling (UFC) on microstructure and hole expansion property of a low carbon C-Mn steel were investigated using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It has been found that lowering the finishing rolling temperature can refine the microstructure and the volume fraction of ferrite is increased as the initial cooling temperature of UFC is lowered. Furthermore, both lowering the finishing rolling temperature and the initial cooling temperature of UFC can improve hole expansion property.

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25

Zheng, Xing Hua, Ze Fei Wei, and Shuai Huang. "Experiment Study of Pulse Electrochemical Finishing of GCr15 Bearing Steel." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.203.

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The pulse electrochemical finishing (PECF) of GCr15 bearing steel was studied. The effect of the main processing parameters, such as electrolyte concentration, inter-electrode gap, current density, pulse parameters, and processing temperature, on the processed surface quality was discussed. The results indicate that PECF has a good effect on GCr15 bearing steel and has a good application prospect on the finishing of bearing raceways.

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26

Ardeev, A. Yu, A. V. Kuz’min, and V. V. Smogunov. "Metal removal from steel blanks in finishing." Steel in Translation 43, no. 10 (October 2013): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091213100033.

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27

IOI, Toshihiro, Matsufumi TAKAYA, Masahisa MATSUNAGA, and Yoshiyuki TOMITA. "Edge Finishing Methods for Plated Steel Workpieces." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 47, no. 2 (1996): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.47.147.

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28

Okano, H., A. J. Davenport, M. Trumbo, C. Reddy, K. Yoda, and M. Amano. "Finishing Line Scheduling in the steel industry." IBM Journal of Research and Development 48, no. 5.6 (September 2004): 811–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.485.0811.

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29

Wagih, M., M. Shahtout, and A. Kady. "Modeling of C-Mn Chromium Containing Steel to Produce DP600 through Thin Slab Direct Rolling." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3502.

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The design of new steel grades and microstructures is mostly motivated by the necessity of steel industry to process always better suited high strength steel with low production costs. Automotive customers are asking for more steel options to meet increased specifications for strength, crash worthiness, energy absorption, part complexity, and dent resistance. To meet these requirements, new developed types of steel known as Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS) were introduced (e.g.: DP steel "Dual Phase", TRIP steel "Transformation Induced Plasticity",…etc). This paper presents a case study for producing DP600 dual phase steel in EZDK company through building up an integrated model to predicting both final austenite grain size after finishing rolling and the final ferrite grain size after cooling.

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30

Chen, H. L., Shi Chun Yang, Jian Mei Wang, Wen Hui Li, and G. Y. Xiong. "Internal Magnetic Abrasive Particles Surface Finishing Based on Permanent Magnetic Field." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.65.

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To internal magnetic abrasive particles surface finishing, the motion of magnetic abrasive particles was influenced not only by the intensity of magnetic induction, but also by the internal diameter, and the magnetic inductive capacity was also an important factor that influences finishing quality. In this paper, under the same experimental conditions, electromagnetic field and permanent magnetic field were respectively used to magnetic abrasive particles surface finishing on thin stainless steel bush and 45 steel bush, new thoughts on inserted permanent magnetic pole and butted permanent magnetic pole were pointed out. The finishing quality of two kinds of work pieces under three different magnetic poles was compared. The results have shown that permanent magnetic pole could decrease the surface roughness Ra of work piece from 1.6μm to 0.2μm, which could solve the puzzles encountered in internal magnetic abrasive particles surface finishing on magnetic inductive work piece and had good promising application value.

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31

Khaki, Daavood Mirahmadi, A. Akbarzadeh, and Amir Abedi. "Effect of Finishing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of a Nb-Microalloyed Steel Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1022.

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Thermo mechanical processing and controlled rolling of microalloyed steel sheets are affected by several factors. In this investigation, finishing temperature of rolling which is considered as the most effective parameters on the final mechanical properties of hot rolled products has been studied. For this purpose, three different finishing temperatures of 950, 900 and 850 °C below the non-recrystallization temperature and one temperature of 800 °C in the intercritical range were chosen. It is observed that decreasing the finishing temperature causes increase of strength and decrease of total elongation. This is accompanied by more grain refinement of microstructure and the morphology was changed from polygonal ferrite to acicular one. Findings of this research provide suitable connection among finishing temperature, microstructural features, and mechanical properties of hot rolled Nb-microalloyed steel sheets.

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32

IMAI, Hachiro. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Introduction to stainless steels." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.188.

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33

Das, Manas, V. K. Jain, and P. S. Ghoshdastidar. "NANO-FINISHING OF STAINLESS-STEEL TUBES USING ROTATIONAL MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ABRASIVE FLOW FINISHING PROCESS." Machining Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (November 2010): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2010.511865.

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34

Feng, Chien-Cheng, Ming-Hong Lin, Wei-Heng Chuang, Yi-Cheng Chen, and Shih-Fu Ou. "Optimization of Hot Rolling Scheduling of Steel Strip with High Bending Performance." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041534.

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Poor formability in hot-rolled strips may be attributed to the many pearlite-banded structures (PBSs) that develop in steel during the hot-rolling process. The challenge of manufacturing strips with minimum PBSs is that multiple factors influence the amount and distribution of the PBSs. This study used the Taguchi method to find the optimum hot-rolling parameters to obtain strips with a reduced number of PBSs. The strips were then subjected to bending tests to evaluate their ductility. The first part analyzes the contribution of selected parameters to the hot-rolling process: (1) finishing rolling temperature, (2) finishing rolling speed, (3) coiling temperature, and (4) coiling speed. The second part confirms, using bending tests, the influence of the finishing rolling temperatures 780, 800, 820, 840, 860, 870, and 880 °C on the formability of an A36 hot-rolled strip. Based on the experimental protocol for the study, the optimal process parameters were determined to be the finishing rolling speed (0.80 m/s), finishing rolling temperature (870 °C), coiling speed (2.80 m/s), and coiling temperature (650 °C). When the A36 strip was prepared at the optimum parameters, the average length and thickness of the PBS were 108.61 ± 0.11 μm and 10.18 ± 0.12 μm, respectively. According to the Taguchi analysis, the finishing rolling temperature had the most significant influence on the dimensions of the PBS. In tests where the hot-rolled A36 strip was bent to 90° and 180°, at the finishing rolling temperatures of 870 °C and 880 °C, no cracking was observed at the R angle.

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35

TAKIZAWA, Kikuo. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Passivation of stainless steel." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.195.

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DEGUCHI, Takenori. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Colouring of stainless steel." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.207.

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37

Singh, Manpreet, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Theoretical investigations into magnetorheological finishing of external cylindrical surfaces for improved performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 24 (June 20, 2020): 4872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220931550.

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Fine finishing entails increased percentage contact area, less friction, and less wear. The magnetorheological finishing is a precision process to obtain the fine finishing on the workpiece surface for improved functional applications. So, the rotary rectangular core-based magnetorheological finishing process is utilized for the precise finishing of the cylindrical external surfaces. The rotary-rectangular shaped tool core tip surface provides the uniformly magnetic flux concentration that further benefit to offer the uniform fine finishing on the cylindrical work-part's external surface. In this work, a theoretical model is developed to predict the reduction in the surface asperities during the magnetorheological finishing of the external cylindrical surfaces. The rotational speed of the rectangular tool core on the rotating cylindrical work-part enhances the relative speed of active abrasives, which decreases the pitch, helix angle, and increases the helical path length. These results enhance the uniform precise finishing on the cylindrical work-parts and also enhances the process performance. For validation of the theoretical roughness model, the experiments have been performed on the cylindrical external surface of the H13 die steel workpiece. The percentage error between the experimentally obtained Ra value and theoretical Ra value is found to be −4.76% to 3.06%, which shows the good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental results. It also shows the practicality and accuracy of the present process while finishing the H13 die steel and it is useful for many industrial applications.

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38

Yamaguchi, Hitomi, Takeo Shinmura, and Megumi Sekine. "Uniform Internal Finishing of SUS304 Stainless Steel Bent Tube Using a Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 3 (September 8, 2004): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1951786.

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This research studies the factors affecting the conditions required for successful uniform internal finishing of SUS304 stainless steel bent tube by a Magnetic abrasive finishing process. In particular, the effects of the magnetic field and ferrous particles were investigated. Local intensification of the magnetic field is accomplished by offsetting the axis of pole rotation from elbow axis. This effect enables local control of the material removal rate, which leads to uniformity in the finished surface regardless of the initial surface conditions. A two-phase finishing process controlling the size of the ferrous particles is proposed to achieve efficient fine surface finishing.

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39

Lesyk, Dmytro, Vitaliy Dzhemelinskyi, Bohdan Mordyuk, Silvia Martinez, Pavlo Kondrashev, Dariusz Grzesiak, Yurii Klyuchnikov, and Аitzol Lamikiz. "Surface quality improvement of steel parts by combined laser-ultrasonic treatment: determination algorithm of technological parameters." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 12 (122) (April 29, 2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.277252.

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To provide the quality of the surface layer and improve operational properties, a combined laser-ultrasonic surface hardening and finishing technology of steel products is proposed. This work is devoted to determining the range of rational parameters of laser heat treatment and ultrasonic impact treatment for enhancing the complex hardening process of AISI 1045 steel and AISI D2 steel. Laser surface transformation hardening was carried out with a constant temperature strategy using a fiber laser and scanning optics at a heating temperature of 1200–1,300 °C and a processing speed of 40–140 mm/min. Ultrasonic surface hardening and finishing were performed on technological equipment with an amplitude of ultrasonic vibration of 18 μm and a load of the ultrasonic tool of 50 N. The ultrasonic treatment duration varied from 60 to 180 s. The results showed that laser-ultrasonic treatment leads to an increase in the hardening intensity by more than 200 %, forming a hardening depth of 200–440 μm. Combined treatment leads to a significant increase in wear resistance due to the formation of ultrafine-grained martensitic microstructure with hardness (58–60 HRC5) in the near-surface layer. The combined laser-ultrasonic hardening process control algorithm for surface treatment of structural and tool steels is proposed, limiting the heating temperature, the duration of laser (ultrasonic) exposure, and the vibration amplitudes of the ultrasonic horn. Laser-ultrasonic treatment will allow the formation of a surface layer with a given set of properties, providing increased wear and corrosion resistance. The developed technology can be used for surface hardening and finishing of large-sized steel products in the mechanical engineering industry.

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Gobber, Federico Simone, Daniele Ugues, and Mario Rosso. "Analysis of the Influence of Surface Finishing on the Performances of Dies for HPDC." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.459.

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The Al-alloy die casting die is a sector where the operating environment imposes a very severe aggression to hot working tools. Steel grades for such application, techniques for their surface modification and specifically conceived lubricants are continuously improved so as to limit Al soldering. Within this scenario the interaction between lubricant and die surface and the effect of finishing levels of such surface is poorly studied. This paper deals with a study of the influence of dies surface roughness on the working behavior of a die casting lubricant and on surface damages of a tool steel grade. Tool steel samples were prepared for the research and two different levels of surface roughness (as polished and as finely sand blasted) were investigated. Apart from the base characterization of steels and surface, two specific test rigs were used to study the lubricant-tool steel surface-Al alloy interactions. One of test rig was devoted to study the coupling principles of tool die surface-lubricant, while the other test rig was used to perform a cyclic immersion test in molten Al-alloy. The derived data were compared to the experimental investigation of cracks and craters as provided by cycling with a correlation with the surface finishing level of samples.

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Li, Wen Hui, Sheng Qiang Yang, Shi Chun Yang, and Hong Ling Chen. "Theoretic Analysis and Simulation on Horizontal Spindle Barrel Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.332.

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At present, crankshafts are finished mostly by abrasive cloth and manual steel brush, which is not ideal on finishing quality, efficiency, cost and cleanness degree. So a new process, horizontal spindle barrel finishing, is developed. By theoretic research and simulation, main factors for finishing effect and uniformity are analyzed. The research indicates that this process is very effective for crankshafts, and has also positive influence on efficiency and auto product line.

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Matrosov, Yu I., O. A. Bagmet, and A. O. Nosochenko. "Development of Modern Heavy Plate Steels for Pipelines." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4756.

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Azovstal Iron & Steel Works (Ukraine) together with I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute (Russia) carry out research intended for development and realization of new HSLA-steels for large diameter gas pipelines of strength categories X60 through X80. A concept that has been recently adopted for creation of new pipeline steels calls for lower carbon content, bigger role of Nb microalloying, economical alloying with elements improving austenite resistance to perlite transformation, thermomechanical controlled rolling with strain finishing in two-phase γ+α-region. This paper describes the research results obtained for commercial lots of rolled steel plates of various alloying systems intended for X65 and X80 longitudinally electric welded pipes.

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43

Pimonov, M. V., D. A. Romanov, and H. Chen. "The structure of the surface layer of 0.4C-1Cr structural steel after finishing stages of machining by cutting." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 4 (2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2020-4-17-30.

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The microstructure and local fields of internal stresses arising in the surface layer of 0.4C-1Cr structural alloy steel (40X type) samples after machining by cutting are investigated. Before treatment, the samples were subjected to recrystallization annealing at a temperature of 600°C for 60 min. Sample processing was carried out in three modes: finishing (mode 1), sequential combination of roughing and semi-finishing (mode 2), sequential combination of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing (mode 3). With 1, 2 and 3 processing modes, chips are removed to a depth of 0.25, 1.5 and 1.75 mm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the amplitude of the curvature-torsion of the crystal lattice of the forming phases, the excess density of dislocations, and the amplitude of internal stresses. It has been established that the main phase components in 40X steel after cutting are lamellar pearlite with different morphology and fragmented and unfragmented ferrite.

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44

Saito, T., K. Koike, H. Yamato, A. Kuwana, A. Suzuki, H. Yamaguchi, and Takeo Shinmura. "Development of Gas-Atomized Magnetic Tools." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.287.

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The deficiency in the variety of available magnetic abrasive results in a narrow range of finishing performance. To break through this difficulty, this research developed iron-based gas-atomized magnetic tools. The magnetic tool has a spherical shape and micro-crevices on the surface. The micro-crevices perform the role of cutting instead of the edges of the existing magnetic abrasive, thereby achieving abrasive-less finishing. This paper studies the finishing performance of the developed magnetic tool. Compared to the existing magnetic abrasive, this magnetic tool shows more efficient finishing performance in the internal finishing of SUS304 stainless steel tubes used for sanitary piping systems.

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45

Tamarkin, M. A., E. E. Tishchenko, D. V. Kazakov, and A. G. Isaev. "Reliability of centrifugal–rotational finishing by steel shot." Russian Engineering Research 37, no. 4 (April 2017): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x17040219.

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46

Mulik, Rahul S., and Pulak M. Pandey. "Magnetic abrasive finishing of hardened AISI 52100 steel." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 55, no. 5-8 (December 31, 2010): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-3102-8.

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47

Liu, Xian Li, Jing Ma, Cai Xu Yue, Rong Yi Li, and An Shan Zhang. "Forecast of Limit Cutting Depth for Hardened Mould Steel Milling." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.358.

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This paper focus on automobile panel dies and moulds, studying the sliding friction phenomenon between tools and workpiece caused by inadequate margin adopted during finishing. Based on this, the forecasting model of the limit milling depth is built with the consideration of tool deformation. Further on, the model built is tested by milling experiments with different radii of curvature, and providing the evidence for adoption and optimization of margin of steel finishing.

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48

Ito, Atsushi, and Eiji Shamoto. "An Innovative Machining Strategy for Efficient Peripheral Finishing of Hard Materials with Highly-Varied-Helix End Mill." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 2 (March 5, 2015): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0153.

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Grinding is usually applied to the peripheral finishing of hardened steel since the high specific cutting force and low stiffness of slender end mills often causes chatter vibration. On the other hand, varied-helix end mills have suppressed regenerative chatter vibration successfully in the rough machining of flexible workpieces. In this research, varied-helix end mills are applied to the extremely low radial immersion finishing of hardened steel, and the validity of this application is discussed and verified experimentally in terms of suppression of regenerative chatter vibration. A special varied-helix end mill with an extremely large helix angle difference is developed for this new application, and its performance is compared to that of an ordinarily-varied-helix end mill for the low-radial-immersion peripheral finishing of hard materials.

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49

KIYA, Shigeru. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Paint coating of stainless steel." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.212.

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50

IWAKI, Yasuhiko, and Tsugito YAMASHITA. "Special issue. Surface finishing of stainless steel. Gold deposition on stainless steel." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 3 (1990): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.217.

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