Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel – corrosion

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel – corrosion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Kubzová, Monika, Vit Křivý, Viktor Urban, and Katerina Kreislova. "Corrosive Environment Factors and their Influence on the Development of Weathering Steel Corrosion Products." Key Engineering Materials 832 (February 2020): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.832.137.

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This article deals with the topic of atmospheric corrosion. Atmospheric corrosion causes damage to nearly 80% of all existing steel structures. The main parameters of atmospheric corrosion are the time of wetness (TOW), air temperature and aggressive corrosive agents such as chlorides, sulfur dioxide and others. Currently, low alloy steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance called weathering steels are used for the steel structures located in outdoor environment. A protective layer of corrosion products is created on the steel surface and this layer can reduce continuation of corrosion of steel. The time of wetness together with the effect of aggressive corrosive agents are various for surfaces oriented vertically or horizontally. Experimental tests of atmospheric weathering steel were carried out to monitor the impact of location and position of surface on the different constructions. These tests allow monitoring the development of corrosion products in real exposures. The article presents a part of the research, which includes monitoring the development of the thickness of corrosion products with regard to the position on the structure. Research is developed to refine of prediction models with the aim of improving determination of corrosion losses during the service life of the structure. Second part of these experiments is dedicated to measuring the deposition rate of chlorides. Chlorides have a corrosive impact on the steel surface. Under normal conditions the chlorides does not create suitable environment for the development of a protective layer of corrosion products.
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Li, Li, Jun Ling Tian, Yi Liang Peng, and Guo Xin Li. "Investigation on the Anti-Corrosion Layer of the Power Transmission Steel Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.400.

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The power transmission steel structures are used in the outdoor and the durability will be decreased due to the various corrosions, so the structures usually coated the anti-corrosion layers such as hot-dip coating, zinc-rich coating or thermal spray zinc coating. The anti-corrosion layers on three power transmission steel structures in Henan province, China were investigated by the corrosion morphology and the residual coating thickness. The results indicated that the corrosion degree of the bolts is higher than that of the steels, and there are local corrosions occurred on the surface of the steels due to the plating leakage or clash.
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Muradyan, Sarkis, M. V. Kostina, V. S. Kostina, Ludmila Rigina, and Viktor M. Timokhin. "Cast High-Strength Wear- and Corrosion-Resistant Austenitic Nitrogen Steel for Fittings Used in Shipbuilding." Key Engineering Materials 909 (February 4, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-iqrjh9.

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The paper presents the results of studies of a new cast high-strength austenitic corrosion-resistant steel, which can be successfully used in shipbuilding for the manufacture of fittings. The authors included data on the structural-phase state of steel, the results of evaluating the mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of the metal of castings in the cast and heat-treated state. The mechanical properties of steel are considered in detail in a wide temperature range. The impact strength was considered at low temperatures and static strength at 20 to 350 ° C. It is shown that steel has higher mechanical and corrosive properties in a wide temperature range than those of traditional stainless steels. The corrosion resistance of steel is considered. This is intergranular and pitting corrosion; the main types of corrosion are peculiar for shipbuilding. It has been shown that cast steel is superior to traditional corrosion-resistant steels in pitting corrosion resistance estimated by the pitting coefficient PREN and the critical temperature of pitting. The new cast steel has the same wear resistance as Hadfield steel.
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Mahecha-Gómez, Andrey Felipe, Claudia Patricia Mejía-Villagrán, and Jhon Jairo Olaya-Flórez. "Aplicación de una metodología mixta para la selección de materiales resistentes a la corrosión en medios ácidos y salinos." Respuestas 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.265.

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Objetivo: En este artículo se presenta una metodología mixta de selección de materiales para determinar qué material presenta la mejor relación entre resistencia a la corrosión, propiedades mecánicas y costos. Metodología: El trabajo se llevó a cabo utilizando pruebas potenciodinámicas de extrapolación (Tafel) e impedancia electroquímica (EIS), sometiendo las muestras a medios corrosivos de NaCl (3%) y H2SO4 (5%). Las muestras utilizadas fueron el cerámico Zirconia no sinterizada y los aceros AISI 304L, AISI 316 y AISI 316L. Finalmente se aplicó una metodología de selección de materiales para escoger el material que presenta mejor comportamiento en este tipo de medios. Resultados: Como resultado, para las pruebas de extrapolación Tafel con 5% de ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), se obtuvo que el acero AISI 316 presenta la corriente de corrosión más baja y una pasivación a mayor potencia. En el medio electrolítico con 3%de NaCl, se observa que los valores de potencial de corrosión más altos se presentan en los aceros inoxidables, evidenciándose una menor velocidad de corrosión en los aceros de la serie 316. Conclusiones: Como resultado se obtuvo que el acero AISI 316 utilizado presenta el mejor comportamiento de resistencia a la corrosión en los medios Medios ácidos y salinos.Abstract Objective: This article presents a mixed materials selection methodology is presented to determine which material has the best balance between corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and costs. Methods: The work was realized using potentiodynamic tests of extrapolation (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance (EIS), subjecting the samples to corrosive media of NaCl (3%) and H2SO4 (5%). The samples used were zirconia, steel AISI 304L, AISI 316 and AISI 316L. Finally a mixed methodology was applied in the materials selection to choose the material that has better comportment in this type of electrolyte. Results: For Tafel extrapolation test with 5% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was obtained that AISI 316 steel which has the lowest current corrosion and passivation at higher power. In the electrolytic medium with 3 % NaCl, shows that higher values for corrosion potential present in stainless steels, showing a lower corrosion rate in the steels of the 316 series. Conclusions: The results showed that steel AISI 316 used presents the best performance to corrosion resistance in saline and acid.Palabras claves: Corrosión, Medios ácidos y salinos, Metodología mixta, Selección de materiales.
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Wan, Li Ping, Ying Feng Meng, Gao Li, and Hua Zhou. "Corrosion Behavior of Drilling Pipe Steels for High Sour Gas Field." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2292.

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A polymer drilling fluid containing high content of hydrogen sulfide was used as the corrosive medium to investigate the effects of temperature, flow velocity, pH value and partial pressure ratio of CO2/ H2S on the corrosion behavior of high strength drill pipe steel S135 and G105. The morphology and composition of the corrosion products were analyzed as well. It was found that the average corrosion rate of the two types of steel increased with increasing temperature of the corrosive medium, with the corrosion rate to decrease slightly within 60°C-80°C and keep almost unchanged above 120°C. At the same time, the corrosion rate of the drill pipe steels had little to do with the flow rate but increased with decreasing pH value of the corrosive medium. Moreover, the partial pressure ratio of CO2/ H2S had a slight effect on the corrosion behavior of the drill pipe steel. However, the two types of drill pipe steel showed a larger corrosion rate in gas phase than in liquid phase corrosive medium, which was contrary to what were observed in gas and liquid phases corrosion tests of conventional acidic drilling fluids. In addition, it was confirmed by sulfide stress corrosion test that the drill pipe steel of a higher strength had smaller critical stress, and the resistance of the drill pipe to stress attack was ranked as G105(C)＞G105(D)＞S135(B)＞S135(A). It was anticipated that the present research results could be used to guide the selection of materials for drilling pipe steels used in natural gas field of high acidity.
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Zhang, Yifeng, Wei Chen, Hanbing Yan, Xuefeng Wang, Hanping Zhang, and Shijing Wu. "The Effect of Atmospheric Chloride Ions on the Corrosion Fatigue of Metal Wire Clips in Power Grids." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020237.

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Corrosion fatigue is an important factor that limits the life of grid materials including wire clips. In order to study the effect of corrosion fatigue and to select suitable grid steels, this paper focuses on the corrosion fatigue properties of Q235 carbon steel, Q235 galvanized steel, and 316L stainless steel in the corrosive environments of air, 2wt% NaCl, 5wt% NaCl, and 8wt% NaCl. Through the fatigue test in the corrosive environment, and the surface morphology scanning and microstructure observation of the fracture, the following conclusions are drawn: the three materials are more susceptible to corrosion fatigue in the Cl− environment, and the higher the Cl− concentration, the greater the likelihood of fracture caused by corrosion fatigue for these three materials. By analyzing the surface roughness, dimples, and cracks in the microstructure, it is found that 316L stainless steel is highly sensitive to Cl− corrosion under cyclic stress, and Q235 galvanized steel is more resistant to Cl−. By plotting the stress fatigue life curve of Q235 galvanized steel, it is found that the corrosion fatigue life decreases as the Cl− concentration increases. For wire clips in areas with severe Cl− pollution, Q235 galvanized steel should be selected to achieve the best anti-corrosion fatigue effect; at the same time, the original parts should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner based on the predicted corrosion fatigue life.
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Chen, C., Cheng Jia Shang, J. Y. Weng, and Dong Yang Li. "Corrosion Behavior of a New Developed Ferritic Stainless Steels Used in Automobile Exhaust System." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.102.

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The inside corrosion of failed automotive mufflers collected in China was investigated and the composition of the automotive exhaust gas condensate collected from HONGQI automobile was analyzed. According to the analyzed result of collected condensate’s composition, the corrosion resistance of a new designed high Cr stainless steel (B439M) bearing Nb and Ti and a low Cr T409L stainless steel were studied with a condensate corrosion test method which simulates the inside corrosion of automotive mufflers. The life of the two materials was estimated by extreme value analysis of the maximum corrosion depth obtained by the dip dry test (DDT). The life of type B439M steel was 1.6 times as long as that of type T409L steel. To clarify the corrosive process of the simulated condensate test, the electron work function (EWF) on the two stainless steels’ surface was evaluated. It was demonstrated that the surface of new designed stainless steel exhibited markedly improved resistances to corrosion during a simulated condensate test cycle and the corrosive process of simulated condensate test was evaluated and discussed.
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Abdo, Hany S., Asiful H. Seikh, Biplab Baran Mandal, Jabair A. Mohammed, Sameh A. Ragab, and Mohamed S. Abdo. "Microstructural Characterization and Corrosion-Resistance Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels Compared to Conventional Rebar." Crystals 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111068.

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Dual-phase (DP) steels consist of a ferritic matrix dispersed with some percentage of martensite, which gives the material a good combination of strength and ductility, along with the capacity to absorb energy and enhanced corrosion protection properties. The purpose of this work was to study the microstructural and corrosion behavior (mainly pitting and galvanic corrosion) of DP steel compared with that of conventional rebar. To obtain DP steel, low-carbon steels were heat-treated at 950 °C for 1 h and then intercritically annealed at 771 °C for 75 min, followed by quenching in ice-brine water. The corrosion rates of DP steel and standard rebar were then measured in different pore solutions. Macro- and microhardness tests were performed for both steels. It was found that DP steels exhibited a superior corrosion resistance and strength compared to standard rebar. The reported results show that DP steels are a good candidate for concrete reinforcement, especially in aggressive and corrosive environments.
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Kolawole, S. K., F. O. Kolawole, O. P. Enegela, O. O. Adewoye, A. B. O. Soboyejo, and W. O. Soboyejo. "Pitting Corrosion of a Low Carbon Steel in Corrosive Environments: Experiments and Models." Advanced Materials Research 1132 (December 2015): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.349.

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This paper presents the results of the combined study of experiments and modeling of the pitting corrosion behavior of low carbon steel. The effects of pH are elucidated via experiments on low carbon steel exposed to various corrosive media. The corrosion rates for the steel samples immersed in various corrosive media were determined by polarization experiments via a gamry potentiostat. The microscopic observations of the surfaces reveal clear evidence of corrosion pits that increase in size with increasing exposure duration. The observed pit size distribution and the evolution of pit size are modeled using statistical models. The implications of the results are used for the application of low carbon steels in corrosive environment.
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Chowwanonthapunya, Thee. "The pitting corrosion monitoring of stainless steel in a simulated corrosive condition in marine applications." Maritime Technology and Research 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): Proof. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2019.146185.

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This paper describes the pitting corrosion monitoring of ferritic and austenitic stainless steel under a simulated acidic condition of marine appications. The monitoring deals with the corrosion weight loss and metallurgical investigation. The results indicated that the stainless steel with passive film shows the good corroison resistance to the simulated corrosive environment for the all test periods. In contrast, the stainless steel without passive film cannot provide the inhibiting effect for the whole test periods. After the 24 hr. of testing , both of the stainless steel are locally attacked. Pitting corrosion was observed on the surface of both stainless steels. In small pits, the self-accelerating corrosion can occur. Therefore, the longer immersion time attributes to the higher corrosion rate of both stainless steel in a simulated acidic conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Nilsson, Oskar. "Radiation induced corrosion of steel." Thesis, KTH, Kärnkemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40452.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of aqueous radiation induced oxidants on stainless steel. This was done by exposing the steel to both radiation and chemically added oxidants under ambient conditions, i.e. in and near room temperature. When water is exposed to radiation several oxidizing species are formed, including hydrogen peroxide, which have been known to increase the risk for corrosion of other materials. Stainless steel is used in many parts in a nuclear power plant, and the results from this thesis could be useful when elucidating whether the steel is an appropriate material to use for these applications.
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Belland, Eirik. "Alternating Current Corrosion of Carbon Steel." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16342.

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The objective was to investigate if the established theory concerning corrosion calculations and electrochemical behavior of carbon is valid when steel is exposed to AC in an electrolyte consisting of 3,5 wt% NaCl and distilled water. The experimental work was divided in two main parts. The first part concerned corrosion testing, including weight loss measurements in stagnant conditions in combination with linear polarization resistance experiments. AC-current densities investigated was 0-, 50-, 75-, 100-, 150-, 220- and 500 A/m2. Polarization curves were produced on two weight loss samples, one exposed to 150 A/m2 and the other exposed to 220 A/m2, at the end of the weight loss experiments.From the corrosion testing it was found that the estimated corrosion current densities (icorr) from the weight loss experiments on samples exposed to AC-current densities below 500 A/m2, was in an approximate accordance with the icorr values estimated from LPR. At 500 A/m2 the measured corrosion rates and corresponding corrosion currents were slightly higher than the remainder. The higher corrosion rate measured from the samples exposed to 500 A/m2 is suggested related to a non-faradaic corrosion contribution. The suggested mechanism is a facilitation of grain boundary corrosion at high AC-current densities leading to the loss of grains. This being a non-faradaic corrosion contribution it is not possible to measure with LPR or polarization curves. The constant B [mV] from the Stern-Geary equation was estimated on basis of LPR measurements. The constant displayed a decreasing trend with increasing AC-current densities. This was explained by the lowering of anodic and cathodic tafel slopes with increasing AC-current densities. The polarization resistance (Rp’ - [Ω∙m2]) also showed a decreasing trend with increased AC-current densities. This was explained by the increased current response in the LPR measurements with increasing AC-current densities.The second part was intended to elucidate the effect of AC on electrochemical behavior of the carbon steel through producing polarization curves at different AC-current densities using a rotating electrode experimental setup. Alterations in corrosion current densities, cathodic tafel slopes, limiting current density of oxygen reduction and corrosion potentials on steel without AC and at current densities of 100-, 150-, 220- and 500 A/m2 are investigated during the electrochemical testing.  From the rotating electrode experiments no significant change in corrosion current was found with increasing AC-current densities. The potential range, in which limiting current of oxygen reduction (ilim) appeared, decreased with increasing AC-current densities. This decrease in ilim also affected the corrosion potentials (Ecorr). A decrease in the potential range of ilim leads to a more cathodic Ecorr. A particular observation was found at AC-current densities of 150 A/m2 were the effect of ilim seemed absent. The samples exposed to this AC-current density also attained the most cathodic corrosion potentials at approximately -850mVSCE which was between 200-400mV lower than the samples exposed to the remaining AC-current densities. Cathodic tafel slopes showed a decreasing trend with increasing AC-current density. Anodic rafel slopes were considered absent due to pitting above Ecorr.Pictures of the weight loss samples were captured in the SEM. It was found that the formation of pits occurred on all weight loss samples exposed to AC. On the samples without induced AC no sign of pitting was observed. Hence it was found that the corrosion attacks attained a more local character when AC-current was induced in the steel samples.
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Torstensen, Andreas. "AC corrosion on cathodically protected steel." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19590.

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This report deals with the effect of alternating current on cathodically protected steel. AC corrosion has become relevant in the offshore industry due to the introduction of the direct electric heating system (DEH). The principle with DEH is to prevent wax solidification inside pipelines by heating them up with alternating current. This can give rise to AC corrosion.DC current densities, AC current densities and DC potential have been measured for steel samples under cathodic protection with applied AC voltage. Weight loss measurements were done of both steel and sacrificial anode samples after the experiments. There have also been focused on the corrosion kinetics of AlZnIn by plotting polarization curves and potential measurements over time with applied AC current.The weight loss measurements have shown that carbon steel is protected against AC corrosion for AC current densities lower than 1300 A/m^{2}. All steel samples had corrosion rate lower than 0,1 mm/year up to this value. SEM investigation showed that no pitting corrosion occurred at any of the steel surfaces. The corrosion rate of AlZnIn increased with increasing AC current density up to 300 - 500 A/m^{2}. At higher AC current density, the sacrificial anodes became passive which resulted in decreased protection current and corrosion rate. Polarization curves of AlZnIn have also shown large resistance when AC is introduced which is probably due to surface coverings.Study of the surface morphology of AlZnIn have shown that more localized corrosion occurs with increasing AC current. At 500 A/m^{2} pitting corrosion occurred at the whole surface and the pits became deeper with increasing AC. This resulted in decreased efficiency of the sacrificial anode and consequently reduced DC current density and corrosion rate of the sacrificial anode.Potential and current measurements have shown that the galvanic potential of steel and AlZnIn became more electropositive with increasing AC current density. It is believed that this is due to more localized corrosion with increasing AC voltage and consequently lowering of the anode/cathode ratio. This will force the potential to more anodic values. The initial DC current density increased with increasing AC voltage for all samples but the passivation of sacrificial anode resulted in high reduction rate with time. Polarization curves of AlZnIn showed that the corrosion potential decreased and the corrosion current increased when AC was introduced. Within the samples exposed to AC there were no significant difference in corrosion potential and corrosion current. The polarization curves of all samples that were exposed to AC were characterized by high ohmic resistance which was due to hydrogen evolution and formation of corrosion products at the surface.
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Singh, Surya Kumar. "Corrosion studies on prestressing steel wires." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7773.

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Ostrofsky, David. "Effects of corrosion on steel reinforcement." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002258.

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Vuong, J. C. T. "Natural corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539460.

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Garsany, Yannick. "Understanding steel corrosion in oilfield brines." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252197.

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Mohammed, Ali Haval Bashar. "Atmospheric pitting corrosion of stainless steel." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7073/.

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Atmospheric pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steels 304L and 316L under droplets of MgCl2 have been studied under conditions of relevance to long-term storage of nuclear waste containers using automated deposition of arrays of droplets. The effect of microstructure on the morphology of atmospheric corrosion pits in 304L stainless steel plate was investigated. The presence of retained delta ferrite was found to influence the morphology of pits. Ferrite bands were preferentially attacked, and pits were found to have layered attack morphology dependent on the rolling direction and plane of the metal surface. Solution annealing of stainless steel resulted in ferrite reduction and formation of faceted pits. Pits can grow with an initial shallow dish, which may propagate via ‘earring’ or small satellite pits. The size and morphology were seen to vary with exposure humidity, chloride deposition density and distance from the droplet edge. Pits propagated readily above chloride densities of ~10-4 µg/cm2, depending on alloy and exposure time. Below this value much smaller pits were observed due to a discontinuous solution layer. The formation of secondary spreading and micro-droplet formation was observed for MgCl2 droplets on stainless steel when pits form close to or at the droplet edge. Small pits developed beneath these micro-droplets at lower humidities. This work provides a basis to make recommendations for long-term storage conditions of intermediate nuclear waste (ILW) in order to minimise the risk of pitting corrosion.
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Bennett, Andrew Richard. "Novel anti-corrosion coatings on steel." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42310.

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The primary objective of the work detailed in this thesis was to further explore the inhibitory performance of polyaniline for the prevention of corrosion-driven cathodic disbondment on steels and zinc-alloy coated steels. Polyaniline was investigated under atmospheric conditions so as to make possible further elucidation of the mechanisms by which it would provide this inhibition. Accordingly it is suggested that the positive performance of polyaniline indicated within this report, in addition to further mechanistic understanding, paves the way for industrial use of polyaniline as an inhibitor. To provide further mechanistic support to the inhibitory performance of polyaniline, polyaniline micro-films were applied to the metal substrate surfaces, allowing the visualisation of electrochemical and acid-base state changes resulting from substrate contact and corrosion. Due to industrial concerns over the current cost associated with polyaniline inhibitor pigments, the inhibitory properties of novel organic acid etch primers were explored on both iron and zinc substrates. The findings of this study led to the proposition that the presence of polyaniline may not be required within the model organic coating system in order to provide a similar level of inhibition. Alongside the investigations of inhibitory organic coating systems, attention was directed towards novel Mg-Al-Zn metallic coatings. These are shown to provide inhibition of cathodic disbondment of organic coatings where no form of in-coating inhibition is present. These alloy-coated steels were found to suffer from a novel form of corrosion and full mechanistic proposition is provided, as well as important initiation factors. Finally, the photovoltaic possibilities of polyaniline were explored in order to find novel, high value coating systems for the pre-painted steel industry. Accordingly the photovoltaic properties of polyaniline are compared to established photovoltaic polymers.
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Abosrra, L. R. "Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete : corrosion of mild steel bars in concrete and its effect on steel-concrete bond strength." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5417.

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This thesis reports on the research outcome of corrosion mechanism and corrosion rate of mild steel in different environments (saline, alkaline solutions and concrete media) using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The study also included the effect of corrosion on bond strength between reinforcing steel and concrete using pull-out test. Corrosion of mild steel and 316L stainless steel with different surface conditions in 1, 3 and 5% saline (NaCl + Distilled water) was investigated. Specimens ground with 200 and 600 grit silicon carbide grinding paper as well as 1μm surface finish (polished with 1μm diamond paste) were tested. In case of mild steel specimens, reduction in surface roughness caused increase in corrosion rate, while in 316L stainless steel corrosion rate decreased as the surface roughness improved. Metallographic examination of corroded specimens confirmed breakdown of passive region due to pitting corrosion. Corrosion of mild steel was also investigated in alkaline solution (saturated calcium hydroxide, pH =12.5) contaminated with 1, 3 and 5% saline. A series of corrosion experiments were also conducted to examine the efficiency of various concentrations of calcium nitrite (CN) on corrosion behaviour of both as-received and polished mild steel in alkaline solution containing 3% saline after 1 hour and 28 days of exposure. Corrosion rate was higher for the as-received than polished mild steel surface under the same testing conditions in NaCl alkaline solution with and without nitrites due to the effect of surface roughness. Morphology investigation of mild steel specimens in alkaline solution ii containing chlorides and nitrites showed localized pits even at nitrite concentration equal to chloride concentration. Corrosion of steel bars embedded in concrete having compressive strengths of 20, 30 and 46MPa was also investigated. The effect of 2 and 4% CN by weight of cement on corrosion behaviour of steel bar in low and high concrete strengths specimens were also studied. All reinforced concrete specimens were immersed in 3% saline solution for three different periods of 1, 7 and 15 days. In order to accelerate the chemical reactions, an external current of 0.4A was applied. Corrosion rate was measured by retrieving electrochemical information from polarization tests. Pull-out tests of reinforced concrete specimens were then conducted to assess the corroded steel/concrete bond characteristics. Experimental results showed that corrosion rate of steel bars and bond strength were dependent on concrete strength, amount of CN and acceleration corrosion period. As concrete strength increased from 20 to 46MPa, corrosion rate of embedded steel decreased. First day of corrosion acceleration showed a slight increase in steel/concrete bond strength, whereas severe corrosion due to 7 and 15 days corrosion acceleration significantly reduced steel/concrete bond strength. Addition of only 2% CN did not give corrosion protection for steel reinforcement in concrete with 20MPa strength at long time of exposure. However, the combination of good quality concrete and addition of CN appear to be a desirable approach to reduce the effect of chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement. At less time of exposure, specimens without CN showed higher bond strength in both concrete mixes than those with CN. After 7 days of corrosion acceleration, the higher concentration of CN gave higher bond strength in both concrete mixes. The same trend was observed at 15 days of corrosion acceleration except for the specimen with 20MPa compressive strength and 2% CN which recorded the highest deterioration in bond strength.
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Books on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Theodor, Löffler, ed. Corrosion of prestressing steel. Stuttgart: IRB-Verlag, 1989.

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Sedriks, A. John. Corrosion of stainless steels. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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R, Davis J., ed. Corrosion of weldments. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2006.

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Bertolini, Luca, Bernhard Elsener, Pietro Pedeferri, Elena Redaelli, and Rob B. Polder. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527651696.

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A, Bayliss Derek, ed. Corrosion protection of steel structures. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1985.

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H, Deacon D., ed. Steelwork corrosion control. 2nd ed. London: Spon, 2002.

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A, Chandler Kenneth, and Chandler Kenneth A, eds. Steelwork corrosion control. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1991.

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Aachen, Germany) EUROCORR (1999. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: Corrosion mechanisms and corrosion protection ; papers from EUROCORR '99. London: IOM Communications, 2000.

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J, Mietz, Polder R, Elsener Bernhard, European Federation of Corrosion, and EUROCORR '99 (Conference) (1999 : Aachen, Germany), eds. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: Corrosion mechanisms and corrosion protection ; papers from EUROCORR '99. London: published for the European Federation of Corrosion by IOM Communications, 2000.

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Berke, NS, V. Chaker, and D. Whiting, eds. Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1065-eb.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Murata, T. "Weathering Steel." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 621–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch48.

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Broomfield, John P. "Corrosion monitoring." In Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, 103–14. 3rd ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003223016-5.

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Matsushima, I. "Carbon Steel-Atmospheric Corrosion." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 579–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch43.

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Li, Chun-Qing, and Wei Yang. "Basics of steel corrosion." In Steel Corrosion and Degradation of its Mechanical Properties, 13–39. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003119791-2.

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Asmara, Yuli Panca. "Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement." In Concrete Reinforcement Degradation and Rehabilitation, 59–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5933-4_5.

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Matsushima, I. "Carbon Steel-Corrosion in Freshwaters." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 589–600. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch44.

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Matsushima, I. "Carbon Steel-Corrosion by Seawater." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 601–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch45.

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Matsushima, I. "Carbon Steel-Corrosion by Soils." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 609–13. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch46.

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Broomfield, J. P. "Corrosion of Steel in Concrete." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 633–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch49.

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Kaesche, Helmut. "Rusting of Iron and Steel." In Corrosion of Metals, 193–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96038-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Melchers, R. E. "Modelling and Prediction of Seawater Corrosion of Steel Structures." In Marine Corrosion Prevention. RINA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.marco.1994.11.1.

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hu, Xinming, and Anne Neville. "Erosion-corrosion of Pipeline Steel X65 and 22Cr Duplex Stainless Steel in CO2 Saturated Environment." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/114078-ms.

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Rajendran, Raj, Tiruvannamalai Rajendra Prasad Tamilarasan, Veeramalai Palaniappan Balaji, and Venugopal Azhagarsamy. "Corrosion and Corrosive Wear of Steel for Automotive Exhaust Application." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-28-0178.

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Foss, Martin Smedstad, Marion Elisabeth Seiersten, and Kemal Nisancioglu. "Interaction Between Scale Inhibitors and FeCO3 Precipitation on Carbon Steel." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/100510-ms.

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Arsenault, B., P. Gu, J. G. Legoux, B. Harvey, and J. Fournier. "Stainless Steel Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Steel Rebars." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0193.

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Abstract Steel reinforcement corrosion is one of the most serious causes of the premature deterioration of North American bridges and parking garages. Carbon steel rebars are very vulnerable to corrosion in salt contaminated concrete from deicing or coastal environment since the chloride ions induce severe corrosion as they reach the reinforcing steel rebars and depassivate the carbon steel. This paper evaluates the potential of using stainless steel coatings as a means to protect steel rebars from corrosion, especially in a salt contaminated concrete environment. The 316 L stainless steel coated coupons and rebars were prepared using Arc-sprayed and HP/HVOF processes. The corrosion performance of coatings were evaluated using linear polarization, a.c. impedance and salt spray techniques. Metallographic examination was also performed to characterize the coating microstructure.
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Courval, G. J., J. Allin, and D. P. Doyle. "Galvanic Corrosion Prevention of Steel-Aluminum Couples." In SAE Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932357.

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"Economical Tests for Assessing Corrosion Performance of Steel in Concrete." In SP-291: Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete - Future Direction: Proceedings-Hope & Schupack Corrosion Symposium. American Concrete Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51685619.

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Andersen, Tore Roberg. "Corrosion Fatigue of Steel Armours in Flexible Risers." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28052.

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Fatigue life calculation of flexible risers is normally based on the assumption that the annulus is dry. Experience has, however, shown that the annulus may become water flooded. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide permeate from the bore and into the annulus, making the annulus environment corrosive. In such conditions the influence of corrosion fatigue on fatigue life has to be taken into account. A test program was performed to investigate the corrosion fatigue performance of steel armour in water containing carbon dioxide. The results showed that the corrosive environment reduced the fatigue life to about 1/10 to 1/50 of that derived in air. The lifetime was significantly shorter in the environment with 0.1 bar compared to 0.01 bar, indicating that corrosion fatigue becomes more pronounced as the corrosivity increases. The work shown that corrosion fatigue has to be considered for flexible risers with annulus that is or may be water flooded.
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Kimoto, Hiroki. "Corrosion of Aluminized Steel in Seawater." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3066.

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The influence of flow rate of seawater on the corrosion rate of hot-dipped aluminized steel in seawater was investigated using the following galvanic couples: aluminum/carbon steel, aluminum/Fe-Al alloy, aluminum/stainless steel, Fe-Al alloy/carbon steel, Fe-Al alloy/stainless steel, and carbon steel/stainless steel. The corrosion rate of aluminum in all the couples was greater than that of aluminum not connected with other metals. The corrosion rates increased in the following order: aluminum/carbon steel > aluminum/stainless steel > aluminum/Fe-Al alloy. Aluminum connected with carbon steel had the greatest corrosion rate: seven times of the rate of aluminum that was not connected with other metals. The galvanic corrosion rate of carbon steel is 1.9 to 2.5 times greater than that of carbon steel that is not connected with other metals.
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"Corrosion of Steel in Slag Concrete." In "SP-199: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/10532.

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Reports on the topic "Steel – corrosion"

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Tan, C. P., and G. Bagchi. BWR steel containment corrosion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/219387.

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Sisk-Scott, Charlotte, and Cassandra Marrs. Graphite Steel and Chromium-Nickel Steel Corrosion: Solution Flow Through Corrosion Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573937.

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Koch, Beavers, and Berry. L51491 Effect of Temperature on Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Pre-Cracked Line-Pipe Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010078.

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Research conducted in the Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Phase of the NG-18 program has demonstrated that a number of factors influence the rate of stress-corrosion cracking. These factors are the susceptibility of the steel, the stress level, and loading amplitude, the chemical environment in contact with the steel surface, the electrochemical potential established on the steel surface, and the temperature of the steel/environment system. The temperature, as was pointed out by Fessler et al., has an effect on crack growth rate, the width of the potential range where stress-corrosion cracking occurs, and the range of strain rates within which stress-corrosion cracking is possible. It was shown that each of these effects can act to decrease the susceptibility of line pipe steel to stress-corrosion cracking. Although the beneficial effects of lowering the temperature on the stress-corrosion cracking behavior of line pipe steels in carbonate/bicarbonate solutions was shown, no data are available concerning the effect on initiation of stress-corrosion cracks. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the KISCC and the stress-corrosion crack velocity of line pipe steels. This study was initiated to determine whether lowering the temperature of the environment could prevent a stress-corrosion crack from initiating or could stop existing and propagating cracks.
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Lee, Eun U., and Henry C. Sanders. Corrosion Preventive Compounds for Corrosion Prevention/Mitigation (Aermet 100 Steel). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410911.

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Parkins. L51806 Effects of Hydrogen on Low-pH Stress Corrosion Crack Growth. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010142.

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There is circumstantial evidence of hydrogen playing a role in, so called, low pH SCC of pipeline steel, but direct evidence for such is lacking. Resolution of this situation is of practical importance because of its implications for modeling. Thus, existing models for high pH SCC of pipelines are based upon a dissolution controlled mechanism of crack growth, but such models will not be applicable to low pH SCC if hydrogen is involved with the latter. Measurements have been made of the permeation of hydrogen into X52 and X60 pipeline steels at various potetials while exposed to a simulated ground water containing different amounts of carbon dioxide, related to the conditions thought to be associated with transgranular stress corrosion cracking of pipelines. As a consequence of these measurements it is now known unequivocally that hydrogen enters the steel for all such solutions over wide ranges of potential, including those most likely involved in the cracking of pipelines, and with such entry enhanced as the amount of carbon dioxide present in the solution increased. For a given set of environmental conditions, it was found that films on the surface of the pipe, such as may exist in service conditions, could hinder, but not prevent, the ingress of hydrogen. Hydrogen in steel is usually regarded as being trapped at dislocations, grain boundaries or interfaces between the matrix and second phase particles and measurements relating to such indicate that the X60 steel contains appreciably fewer traps than the X52 steel for equivalent charging conditions. However, the trapped hydrogen was found to have no significant influence on the ductility of the steels when subsequently tested in air, although the ductility was impaired by thxe continued ingress of hydrogen when equivalent tests were conducted in the presence of the charging solution. No convincing evidence has been obtained for the ingress of hydrogen into the steels facilitating the early stages of plasticity under exposure conditions relating to those involved in low pH stress corrossion cracking. The most probable mechanism of stress corrosion crack growth in pipeline steel in the solutions studied and at potentials likely to obtain in service involves both dissolution and hydrogen ingress to the steel, although the interactions of those two factors in the fracture process remain speculative.
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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912469.

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Kyser, E. A., and J. I. Mickalonis. Stainless Steel Corrosion during H-Canyon Resin Digestion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1482190.

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Schmidt, Daniel P., Donald R. Skelton, and Michelle E. Malham. Galvanic Corrosion Study on Stainless Steel Cartridge Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada491435.

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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919568.

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Lyon, B. F. Prediction of external corrosion for steel storage cylinders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665946.

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