Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel alloys – Corrosion

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel alloys – Corrosion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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Jin, Hao Zhe, Kuan Xin Wang, Hai Yan Ren, and Guo Fu Ou. "Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Hydrosulfide Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.125.

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The rotary experiment apparatus was built to study the erosion-corrosionresistance of carbon steel, 15CrMo steel, duplex stainless steel 2205, nickel based alloy 825 and stainless steel 316L which are commonly used in the sour water environment of refinery. Based on the electrochemical test, the carbon steel and alloys corrosion rates in different ammonium hydrosulfide concentration, fluid velocity and temperature were obtained. The corrosion products film morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to find the reasons for corrosion rates difference of carbon steel and alloys. The results showed that the corrosion rates of carbon steel and alloys were increasing with fluid velocity, ammonium hydrosulfide concentration and temperature increase, when the velocity exceeds 6 m/s the corrosion rates essentially unchanged. The maximum corrosion rate of carbon steel at 60 °C and 10 wt% ammonium hydrosulfide concentration was as high as 6.5 mm/year, while the nickel based alloys 825 and stainless steel 316L were less than 1.5 mm/year. The corrosion product films of carbon steel and 15CrMo steel was loose and cracking which can easy to fall off from the substrate when subjected to fluid impact and the corrosive media can easily penetrate into the bottom of corrosion product and continue to corrode substrate. However, the corrosion film of nickel based alloys 825 and stainless steel 316L was dense and tightly bonded to substrate making it has a good corrosion resistance.
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Francis, Roger, and Glenn Byrne. "Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050836.

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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite, high strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. Moreover, the development of a duplex stainless-steel microstructure requires lower levels of nickel in the composition than for a corresponding austenitic stainless steel with comparable pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, hence they cost less. This makes duplex stainless steels a very versatile and attractive group of alloys both commercially and technically. There are applications where duplex grades can be used as lower cost through-life options, in preference to coated carbon steels, a range of other stainless steels, and in some cases nickel alloys. This cost benefit is further emphasised if the design engineer can use the higher strength of duplex grades to construct vessels and pipework of lower wall thickness than would be the case if an austenitic grade or nickel alloy was being used. Hence, we find duplex stainless steels are widely used in many industries. In this paper their use in three industrial applications is reviewed, namely marine, heat exchangers, and the chemical and process industries. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is discussed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries. The paper shows how duplex stainless steels can provide cost-effective solutions in corrosive environments, and why they will be a standard corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) for many industries through the 21st century.
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ISTRATE, Gina Genoveva, and Alina Crina MUREȘAN. "Corrosion Behavior of Materials Al5083 Alloy, 316L Stainless Steel and A681 Carbon Steel in Seawater." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.2.07.

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In this paper the corrosion behavior of different materials has been evaluated based on exposure in seawater. The laboratory immersion test technique has been applied to evaluate the effect of seawater on the corrosion behavior of different materials. In three sets of experiments, carbon steels (A681 Type O7), austenitic stainless steels (316L) and aluminium alloys (Al5083) were utilized. The specimens were fixed fully submerged in seawater. The corrosion process was evaluated using weight loss method, open-circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization techniques. To determine gravimetric index and the rate of penetration, samples were immersed in corrosive environment for 89 days and weighed periodically. The electrochemical experiments were conducted with a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGP 201) analyzer. It was connected to a PC. The Voltamaster software was used for electrochemical data analysis. A three-electrode cell composed of a specimen as a working electrode, Pt as counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (Hg (l)/ Hg2Cl2 (s)) as a reference electrode were used for the tests. The weight loss tests revealed the lowest corrosion rate values for stainless steel and aluminium alloys, indicating a beneficial use for these materials in marine environments. The potentiodynamic method shows that the lowest corrosion rate in seawater (2.8 μm /year) was obtained for the Al5083 alloy, and the highest value of the corrosion rate (41.67 μm/year) for A681 carbon steel.
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Pound, BG, MH Abdurrahman, MP Glucina, GA Wright, and RM Sharp. "The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media." Australian Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 8 (1985): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9851133.

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The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.
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Cao, Peng Jun, Ji Ling Dong, Hai Dong Wu, and Pei Geng Fan. "Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1143.

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The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys in Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni systems were prepared by means of copper mold casting. The structure and corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemistry method, lost weight method. The result indicates the supercooled liquid temperature interval (ΔTx) is up to 70.98 K for Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10bulk glassy alloy. The maximum diameter was up to 5.0 mm for the Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5bulk glassy alloy. For electrochemistry corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution, self-corrosion electric current density of the Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10bulk glassy alloys is obviously lower than that of stainless steel and brass, so corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys is better than stainless steel and brass at the same corrosion condition. The lost weight method showed that the corrosion rate of brass, stainless steel and glassy alloy is respectively 10.08 g/(m2•h), 6.08 g/(m2•h) and 2.19 g/(m2•h) in the 3% NaCl solution, which also indicates that the corrosion resistance of Cu-based bulk glassy alloys is better than stainless steel and brass. The Cu-based bulk glassy alloys can be used in the special field demanding to have the super high strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
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Lachowicz, M. M., and M. B. Lachowicz. "The Mechanism of Corrosion of Steel 304L in the Presence of Copper in Industrial Installations / Mechanizm Korozji Stali Austenitycznej 304L W Obecności Miedzi W Instalacjach Przemysłowych." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 2657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0429.

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This paper presents the mechanism of corrosion of austenitic steel in the presence of copper. It has been found that when corrosion occurs, the presence of copper in the corrosive solution in the neighbourhood of austenitic steel results in the intensification of the corrosion processes. In the macroscopic scale, austenitic steel constitutes a cathode, but since copper precipitates can deposit on it, the steel can locally pass to the active state and become an anode in the places where copper deposited, which leads to its local corrosion due to galvanic corrosion.
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Swindeman, R. W., and M. Gold. "Developments in Ferrous Alloy Technology for High-Temperature Service." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928737.

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Developments during the past twenty-five years are outlined for the technology of ferrous alloys needed in elevated temperature service. These developments include new alloys with improved strength and corrosion resistance for use in nuclear, fossil, and petrochemical applications. Specific groups of alloys that are addressed include vanadium-modified low alloy steels, 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, niobium-modified lean stainless steels, and high chrome-nickel iron alloys. A brief description of coating and claddings for improved corrosion resistance is also provided.
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Correia, Maria J., and Manuela M. Salta. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys for Reinforced Concrete." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1511.

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The corrosion resistance under mechanical stress can be one of the most concerning types of localized corrosion for the application of stainless steel reinforcements in concrete. This paper will assess the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, by the slow strain rate test method (SSRT), of three austenitic stainless steel alloys: one conventional Fe-Cr-Ni base alloy and two new composition Fe-Cr-Mn base alloys adequate to the manufacturing of ribbed bars for reinforcing concrete. The SSRT results show that only one of the austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn alloys is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking while the other shows a performance similar to that of the AISI 304 stainless steel alloy.
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Neacsu, Elena Ionela, Virgil Constantin, Cristina Donath, Kazimir Yanushkevich, Aliona Zhivulka, Anatholy Galyas, Olga Demidenko, and Ana Maria Popescu. "Corrosion Processes of Uranus B6 and Monel 400 Special Alloys in Deep Eutectic Solvents." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (September 15, 2019): 2968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7466.

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The corrosion behaviour of special alloys (Uranus B6 steel and Monel 400) exposed to chlorine chloride-deep eutectic solvents (DES) at 353 K has been investigated by polarization curves method. The corresponding corrosion parameters in choline chloride-oxalic acid and choline chloride-malonic acid were calculated. Micrographic images before and after immersion in the corrosive medium were obtained. Measurements of the influence of the corrosion process on the crystal structure and specific magnetization of the studied steels was carried out by using X-ray diffraction and respectivelly ponderomotive methods.
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Bajat, Jelena, Aleksandra Petrovic, and Miodrag Maksimovic. "Electrochemical deposition and characterization of zinc-nickel alloys deposited by direct and reverse current." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 12 (2005): 1427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0512427b.

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Zn-Ni alloys electrochemically deposited on steel under various deposition conditions were investigated. The alloys were deposited on a rotating disc electrode and on a steel panel from chloride solutions by direct and reverse current. The influence of reverse plating variables (cathodic and anodic current densities and their time duration) on the composition, phase structure and corrosion properties were investigated. The chemical content and phase composition affect the anticorrosive properties of Zn-Ni alloys during exposure to a corrosive agent (3%NaCl solution). It was shown that the Zn-Ni alloy electrodeposited by reverse current with a full period T = 1 s and r=0.2 exhibits the best corrosion properties of all the investigated alloys deposited by reverse current.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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Harty, Brian Dudley. "Corrosion fatigue of engineering alloys in aqueous environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18215.

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A comparative study of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behaviour of five alloys in air and in aqueous environments has been performed. The alloys tested include: mild steel as a reference material, a corrosion resistant dual phase steel, 3CR12, a proprietary martensitic stainless steel, AISI 431, a newly developed 8% Cr martensitic steel, Alloy 825, and a newly developed corrosion-abrasion resistant metastable austenitic alloy, 1210. Tests were conducted in laboratory air, distilled water at rest potential, 500 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, 1000 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, and 1000 ppm chloride solution at -1200 m V see; solution temperatures were maintained at 25⁰ C. Crack growth rate tests were performed using sinusoidal loading at a load ratio R = 0.1, a frequency of 3Hz in the laboratory air, and a frequency of 1 Hz in the aqueous environments. At the completion of testing, fracture surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope. In air, the mild steel and 3CR12 display comparable rates of cracking and exhibit a greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than the martensitic AISI 431 and Alloy 825; Alloy 825 shows the least resistance to fatigue crack propagation. The deformation induced transformation in 1210 gives this alloy the greatest resistance to fatigue crack propagation in air. Fatigue crack growth rates were all enhanced in the aqueous environments. The greatest overall rate of environmentally assisted cracking was shown by alloy 825 while the lowest was shown by the mild steel. Although the rate of cracking of 1210 in the aqueous environments was less than that of Alloy 825, 1210 was influenced the most by the aqueous environments. An environmentally assisted cracking index shows that the rate of fatigue crack propagation in 1210 is increased by 32 times in the 500 ppm chloride solution at low stress intensities. The fatigue crack growth rates of mild steel and AISI 431 were significantly influenced by the cathodically polarised conditions in the 1000 ppm chloride solution, compared to the rest potential conditions. In these cases hydrogen was seen to be evolved from the specimen surfaces. Changes in the fatigue crack growth rate behaviour were accompanied by changes in the fracture surface morphologies. The observed changes varied for each alloy and for each environment, and were manifest by the degree of intergranular cracking, cleavage, quasi cleavage, and increased coarseness of the transgranular cracking. The fracture surface morphologies are reported and discussed in detail. In general, the fracture surface morphologies could be directly related to the relative degrees of environmental influence on the rate of cracking; results are explained in terms of existing hypotheses. It is suggested that the environmentally assisted cracking of mild steel and AISI 431 at cathodic potentials in the 1000 ppm chloride solution could only be attributed to hydrogen assisted cracking. Similarly, it is suggested that the large crack growth rate acceleration of 1210 in the aqueous environments could also be attributed to hydrogen. The similar fracture surface morphologies observed on the other specimens after tests in the aqueous environments suggests-that hydrogen could be responsible for the environmentally assisted cracking of all the steels in aqueous environments.
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Morrissey, Francis H. J. "A study of fracture and segregation in corrosion resistant alloys : 316ss, Alloy 600 and Alloy 690." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284840.

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Kim, Yeong Ho. "Chromium-free consumable for welding stainless steel corrosion perspective /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133285376.

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Kear, Gareth. "Electrochemical corrosion of marine alloys under flowing conditions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369433.

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Kish, Joseph J. "Active-passive corrosion of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in hot concentrated sulphuric acid solutions /." *McMaster only, 1999.

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Armstrong, Derek C. "Influence of segregated impurities on the corrosion and oxidation of ferrous alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239600.

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Sneddon, A. D. "Macrofouling and corrosion of steels and copper-nickel alloys in seawater." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378071.

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Cotterrell, M. H. "The influence of water composition on the pitting behaviour of newly developed corrosion resistant steels." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21134.

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Bibliography: pages 96-103.
The mechanisation of the working stapes in South African gold mines has required the introduction of a fundamentally new technology, hydro-power, in which machines are powered hydraulically using mine water fed from above ground. Mine water is aggressive and has a variable acidity and pH, and contains high concentrations of sulphate, chloride and nitrate ions. In order to minimise the pitting corrosion of piping and stoping machinery a compromise between selecting a suitable corrosion resistant material and treating the mine water to an acceptable level of corrosiveness is being sought.
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Yin, Maggie Huaying Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Metal dusting of iron and low alloy steel." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25188.

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Metal dusting is a kind of catastrophic corrosion phenomenon that can be observed in several of petrochemical processes. It occurs on iron-, nickel- and cobalt-base metals in carbonaceous atmospheres at high temperature when gaseous carbon activity is higher than one. The process is particularly rapid for ferritic alloys The aim of this project was to compare the dusting kinetics of pure iron and a 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy steel under CO-H2-H2O atmosphere at 650??C. Polished (3??m) samples of iron and the steel were exposed to flowing CO-H2-H2O gas atmospheres at 650??C, when the gases were supersaturated with respect to graphite. The partial pressure of CO was varied between 0.25 and 0.9 atm, and the carbon activity was varied from 2.35 to 16, in order to obtain a series of experimental conditions. In most experiments, pO2 was less than 7.37E-24 atm, and no iron oxide could form. However, Cr2O3 would always have been stable. When exposed to these gases, both iron and steel developed a surface scale of Fe3C which was buried beneath a deposit of carbon, containing iron-rich nanoparticles (the dust). Examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the observation of fine and coarse carbon nanotubes, and also spiral filaments. However, the morphology of the graphitic carbon was not sensitive to pCO and aC. Moreover, the carbon deposit was gas permeable, allowing continuing gas access to the underlying metal. At a fixed=4.5, the carburizing rate clearly increased with CO content from 0.25 to 0.68 atm. However, increasing the CO content to higher value led to decreased rates, indicating that carburizing rate reaches a maximum value at pCO=0.68 atm. When pCO was fixed at 0.25 atm and 0.68 atm, and carbon activity was varied. The induction period was extended by the formation of protective oxide layers at low values of carbon activity (aC= 2.35 and 2.55) where pO2 exceed the iron oxide formation value. For other reaction conditions, the carbon uptake rate for iron and steel did not increase with aC. The present work showed that the carbon deposition rates were not proportional to pCO or pCOpH2. Instead, the rate was affected by the partial pressure of all three reaction gases, and the carbon uptake rate for both materials could be expressed at r=k1pCOpH2+k2pCO2+k3pH22 and the rate constant k3 has a negative value, corresponding to coke gasification. From XRD analyses, it was found that cementite was the only iron-containing phase in the dusting product. The cementite particles acted as catalysts for carbon deposition from the gas. The same deposition process at the surface of the cementite layer led to its disintegration, thereby producing the particles. This disintegration process was faster on the steel than on pure iron. Consequently, the rates of both metal wastage and coke accumulation were faster for the steel. It is concluded that chromium and molybdenum do not stabilize the carbide but accelerate its disintegration process. It is suggested that Cr2O3 fine particles in the cementite layers provide more nucleation sites in the cementite layer on steel, explaining its more rapid dusting kinetics. However, appropriate methods of proving this assumption, such as TEM and FIB, are required.
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Mohorich, Michael E. "Electrochemical corrosion behavior of AISI 4340 steel in multi-ionic solutions." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1459436.

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Books on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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Corrosion resistance of stainless steels. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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Gendron, T. S. An accelerated electrochemical MIC test for stainless alloys. Chalk River, Ont: System Chemistry and Corrosion Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, 1994.

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Practical handbook of iron & nickel-based corrosion resistant alloys. Edmonton: CASTI Pub., 1999.

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Materials Engineering Workshop (1985 Philadelphia, Pa., etc.). Proceedings of Materials Engineering Workshop. Toronto, Ont., Canada: Nickel Development Institute, 1986.

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Presuel-Moreno, Francisco. Identification of commercially available alloys for corrosion-resistant metallic reinforcement and test methods for evaluating corrosion-resistant reinforcement. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 2008.

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IJsseling, F. P. Survey of literature on crevice corrosion (1979-1998): Mechanisms, test methods and results, practical experience, protective measures and monitoring. London: Published for the European Federation of Corrosion by IOM Communications, 2000.

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Beavers, J. A. Stress-corrosion-cracking studies on candidate container alloys for the tuff repository. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1992.

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Beavers, J. A. Stress-corrosion-cracking studies on candidate container alloys for the tuff repository. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1992.

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Jolly, A. F. Corrosion of friction rock stabilizer steels in underground coal mine waters. [Avondale, MD]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Günther, Hans-Peter, ed. Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.

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<p>New steel production processes have led to a remarkable improve­ment in steel products within the last few years, and now allows steels to be produced according to the desired mechanical and chemical properties. High-Performance Steel (HPS) is the designa­tion given to this new generation of steels that offer higher performance not only in terms of strength but also toughness, weld­ability, cold formability and corrosion resistance, compared to the traditionally used mild steel grades.</p> <p>The development of HPS goes with today's increased demand for slender lightweight structures, as for example in bridge design and the design of high-rise buildings, where there is a strong require­ment to use high-strength materials in combination with good execution and fabrication properties. However, on the structural engineering side there is a need for knowledge on these new steel grades, and quite often design codes do not provide sufficient information to fully exploit the advantageous properties of HPS.</p> <p>The present volume provides an overview of the development and application of HPS on an international level. This is done by giving information on, for example, the production process, the chemical and mechanical properties, the relevant design and fabrication standards and on recent research results. Approximately fifteen included examples of realised applications aim to provide detailed information based on existing technical solutions, and to point out the major benefits when using HPS in comparison to mild steels.</p> <p>The document is thus not a monograph but an assembly of contri­butions from different countries. lt is separated into chapters related to different countries, namely the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, all of them providing a state-of-the-art report on HPS.</p>
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Book chapters on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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Miranda, J. Reyes, M. Aguilar Sánchez, E. Garfias Garcı́a, D. Y. Medina Velazquez, and Á. de J. Morales Ramı́rez. "Mechanical Properties of SiO2 Coatings for Corrosion Protection of 304 Stainless Steel." In Characterization of Metals and Alloys, 109–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31694-9_9.

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Quej, L. M., A. Contreras, and J. Aburto. "Corrosion Inhibition of X52 Pipeline Steel in Chloride Solutions Using Nonionic Surfactant." In Characterization of Metals and Alloys, 13–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31694-9_2.

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White, H. W., J. E. Chamberlain, J. L. Wragg, F. Mansfeld, and T. Sugama. "Characterization of Corrosion Protective Films on Steel and Aluminum Alloys." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI, 757–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2574-5_96.

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Zhang, Piaopiao, Zhongmin Yang, Ying Chen, and Huimin Wang. "Corrosion Behavior of New Cr-Ni-Cu Low Alloy Seawater Corrosion Resistant Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 1055–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch132.

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Zhang, Piaopiao, Zhongmin Yang, Ying Chen, and Huimin Wang. "Corrosion Behavior of New Cr-Ni-Cu Low Alloy Seawater Corrosion Resistant Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 1055–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_132.

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Mandel, Marcel, Volodymyr Kietov, and Lutz Krüger. "The Corrosion Behavior of High-Alloy CrMnNi Steels—A Research Work on Electrochemical Degradation in Salt- and Acid-Containing Environments." In Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites, 557–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42603-3_17.

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Korkhaus, P., J. T. Titz, and G. H. Wagner. "Pitting Corrosion on High-Alloy Austenitic Steel Pipes Used for River Water." In Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials, 243–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80017-7_18.

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Jiang, Guangrui, Guanghui Liu, Ting Shang, and Wanling Qiu. "Corrosion Properties of Steel Sheet with Zinc-Base Alloy Coatings." In TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 949–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_93.

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Wang, Shuzhong, Donghai Xu, Yang Guo, Xingying Tang, Yuzhen Wang, Jie Zhang, Honghe Ma, Lili Qian, and Yanhui Li. "Corrosion Behavior of Alloy Steels in Supercritical Water Environments." In Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications, 149–259. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9326-6_6.

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Tan, Lizhen, Todd R. Allen, and Ying Yang. "Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water and Novel Control Methods." In Green Corrosion Chemistry and Engineering, 211–42. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527641789.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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Pint, Bruce A., and Raphae¨lle Peraldi. "Factors Affecting Corrosion Resistance of Recuperator Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38692.

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As microturbine recuperators are needed to operate at higher temperatures in order to achieve higher engine operating efficiencies, a recurring problem encountered is a severe degradation in environmental resistance of type 347 stainless steel. Above 600°C, stainless steels can experience accelerated attack caused by water vapor, which is often present as a combustion product. Nickel-base alloys are less susceptible to this accelerated attack but their cost is prohibitive. In order to provide a clear, fundamental understanding of alloy composition effects on corrosion resistance of stainless steel components used in recuperators, the oxidation behavior of model alloys is being studied. A composition range of Cr and Ni contents has been identified with better corrosion resistance than type 347 stainless steel. Finer-grained alloys showed improved corrosion resistance compared to coarse-grained alloys with the same composition. It also has been demonstrated that minor alloy additions of Mn and Si are beneficial to corrosion resistance in these environments. This type of information will aid in the development of a corrosion-resistant and cost-effective recuperator material for operation at 650°–700°C.
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Gomes, Anabela, T. Paiva Luís, I. Figueira, and T. C. Diamantino. "Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Alloys in Molten Solar Salt." In EuroSun2016. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2016.03.12.

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Balbaud-Ce´le´rier, F., and L. Martinelli. "Modelling of Fe-Cr Martensitic Steels Corrosion in Liquid Lead Alloys." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75292.

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Among the Generation IV systems, Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) are promising and benefit of considerable technological experience. However, the availability and the acceptability of the SFR are affected by the problems linked with the sodium-water reaction. One innovative solution to this problem is the replacement of the sodium in the secondary loops by an alternative liquid fluid. Among the fluids considered, lead-bismuth is at the moment being evaluated, liquid lead-bismuth has been considerably studied in the frame of the research program on Accelerator Driven Systems for transmutation applications. However, lead alloys are corrosive towards structural materials. The main parameters impacting the corrosion rate of Fe-Cr martensitic steels (considered as structural materials) are the nature of the steel (material side), the temperature, the liquid alloy velocity and the dissolved oxygen concentration (liquid alloy side). In this study, attention is focused on the behaviour of Fe-9Cr steels and more particularly T91 martensitic steel. It has been shown that in the case of Fe-Cr martensitic steels the corrosion process depends on the concentration of oxygen dissolved in Pb-Bi. - For an oxygen concentration lower than the one necessary for magnetite formation (approximately < 10−8 wt% at T ≈ 500 °C for Fe-9Cr steels), corrosion proceeds by dissolution of the steel. - For a higher oxygen content dissolved in Pb-Bi, corrosion proceeds by oxidation of the steel. These two corrosion processes have been experimentally and theoretically studied in CEA Saclay and also by other partners leading to some corrosion modelling in order to predict the life duration of these materials as well as their limits of utilisation. This study takes into account the two kinds of corrosion processes, dissolution and oxidation. In these two different processes, the lead alloy physico-chemical parameters are considered: the temperature and the liquid alloy velocity for both processes and the oxygen concentration for oxidation.
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Lee, Shang-Hsiu, and Marco J. Castaldi. "High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Different Commercial Alloys Under Various Corrosive Environments." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3220.

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High temperature corrosion is a major operating problem because it results in unscheduled shutdowns in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants and accounts for a significant fraction of the total operating cost of WTE plants. Due to the heterogeneous nature of municipal solid waste (MSW) fuel and the presence of aggressive elements such as sulfur and chlorine, WTE plants have higher corrosion rates than coal-fired power plants which operate at higher temperature. To reduce corrosion rates while maximizing the heat recovery efficiency has long been a critical task for WTE operators. Past researchers focused on high temperature corrosion mechanisms and have identified important factors which affect the corrosion rate [1–4]. Also, there have been many laboratory tests seeking to classify the effects of these corrosion factors. However, many tests were performed under isothermal conditions where temperatures of flue gas and metal surface were the same and did not incorporate the synergistic effect of the thermal gradient between environment (flue gas) and metal surface. This paper presents a corrosion resistance test using an apparatus that can maintain a well controlled thermal gradient between the environment and the surface of the metals tested for corrosion resistance. Two commercial substrates (steels SA213-T11 and NSSER-4) were tested under different corrosive environments. The post-test investigation consisted of mass loss measurement of tested coupons, observation of cross-sectional morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis of corrosion products by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The stainless steel NSSER-4 showed good corrosion resistance within the metal temperature range of 500 °C to 630 °C. The alloy steel SA213-T11 had an acceptable corrosion resistance at metal temperatures up to 540 °C, and the performance decreased dramatically at higher temperatures.
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Xavier, F. L., and F. P. Pinheiro. "Comparative study of corrosion in galvanized steel and different aluminum alloys." In 2nd International Seminar on Industrial Innovation in Electrochemistry. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-s3ie2016-02.

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Ioka, Ikuo, Jun Suzuki, Kiyoshi Kiuchi, and Jumpei Nakayama. "Application of Extra High Purity Austenitic Stainless Steel to Weld Overlay." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30197.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) was understood to be the result of a combination of susceptible material, a corrosive environment and tensile stress above a threshold. An Extra High Purity Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel (EHP alloy) was developed with conducting the new multiple refined melting technique in order to suppress the total impurities (C, O, N, P, S, B, Si, Mn) less than 100ppm. EHP alloy has great intergranular corrosion resistance. It is considered that intergranular corrosion becomes initiation of SCC. So, we try to apply EHP alloy to weld overlay materials to prevent from occurring SCC. EHP alloy (Fe-25Cr-20Ni, Fe-25Cr-35Ni) was melted by the new technique. The conventional weld metals (Type Y316L and Inconel 82) were also prepared as comparisons. Specimens were machined from the welded metal of each material. Intergranular corrosion tests were performed in boiling 8kmol/m3 HNO3 solutions containing 1kg/m3 Cr(VI) ions. The intergranular corrosion of conventional weld metals was severer than those of EHP alloys. Crevice Beam Bending tests to evaluate susceptibility of SCC were carried out in high temperature water of 561K with saturated oxygen (32ppm) for 1000h. Though cracks and intergranular corrosion were observed in all specimens, cracks of conventional weld metals were much more than those of EHP alloys. It was confirmed that EHP alloy has also excellent SCC resistance as a weld overlay material.
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Sridhar, K., M. B. Deshmukh, and A. S. Khanna. "Formation of Highly Corrosion Resistant Alloys using Laser Surface Alloying." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0043.

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Abstract Stainless steels such as AISI Type 304 SS are being used for seawater piping applications due to their desirable mechanical properties and good weldability. However, they are susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride bearing environments. Thus a new generation of highly alloyed stainless steels such as Avesta 254 SMO with high molybdenum contents has been developed for improved localised corrosion resistance in seawater. These steels are also susceptible to the formation of undesirable secondary phases such as sigma and chi which degrades both mechanical and corrosion properties. Alternatively, the main alloying element can be surface alloyed onto the surface of a suitable substrate by laser surface alloying. In this paper, austenitic stainless steel surface alloys of varying molybdenum contents have been formed on 304 SS by laser surface alloying and characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behaviour was ascertained by electrochemical and immersion tests.
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Hibner, Edward L., and Pete Jone. "Advanced Corrosion Resistant Nickel-Alloys for Marine Applications, Including Cryogenic Service." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-p22.

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HASTELLOY® alloys C-86 and C-22HS are currently being used or evaluated by the Navy bolting applications where both high strength, toughness, ductility, resistance to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are required. Alloys C-86 and C-22HS have been used in severe applications that require both corrosion resistance and high strength and C-22HS has properties applicable to cryogenic service. Alloy C-22HS is included in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 exhibiting resistance to extremely severe corrosive environments. Properties of these alloys relevant to marine corrosion and Navy fastener applications are presented. The alloy C-22HS yield strength ranges from 191 to 205 ksi (1317 to 1413 MPa). AlloyC-22HS also exhibits excellent ductility and fracture toughness of ≥150 ft-lbs (≥203 J) from -300ºF to +550ºF (-149 to 288°C). Superior corrosion resistance, high yield strength, low magnetic permeability and outstanding cryogenic properties define C-22HS alloy usefulness. NITRONIC® 50HS (UNS S20910) Stainless Steel provides a combination of corrosion resistance and strength not found in any other commercial material available in its price range. As a result, the use of this alloy for boat shafting is significantly increasing for commercial and naval shipping. NITRONIC 50HS is currently used by the USCG for shafting on the Fast Response Cutter.
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Schroer, Carsten, Olaf Wedemeyer, and Juergen Konys. "Aspects of Minimizing Steel Corrosion in Liquid Lead-Alloys by Addition of Oxygen." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29726.

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The concept of minimizing steel corrosion in liquid lead-alloys by addition of oxygen strongly depends on the availability of efficient devices for oxygen transfer and reliable oxygen sensors. The accuracy of electrochemical oxygen sensors is analyzed on the basis of theoretical considerations and results from experiments in stagnant lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Additionally, the feasibility of gas/liquid oxygen-transfer and the long-term performance of electrochemical sensors in flowing liquid metal are addressed based on operation of the CORRIDA loop, a facility for testing steels in flowing LBE.
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Vernickaite, E., Z. Z. Antar, A. Nicolenco, R. Kreivaitis, N. Tsyntsaru, and H. Cesiulis. "Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Iron-Based Alloys." In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.29.

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Corrosion is responsible for industrial maintenance and industrial accidents costs. A helpful way to prevent corrosion is to develop advanced materials with highly anti-corrosive properties. The electrodeposition is one of the most attractive methods for obtaining these materials. This work deals with evaluation of the tribological and corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited Fe-W and Fe-W-P alloys. Electrodeposits were obtained from 4 different baths and were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy; X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The hardness was determined by Micro-indentation carried out at normal forces varying from 98 mN up to 980 mN with a loading rate of 1961 mN/min. A ball-disc tribometer was used to study the tribological properties at 90 °C. A diamond indenter, having a radius of 100 µm, was used to carry the scratch test. Corrosion behaviour was studied using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. It was investigated that in all cases Fe-W and Fe-W-P alloy coatings exhibit greater micro-hardness than the stainless steel substrate. The amorphous-like ternary Fe-W-P alloy coatings demonstrate higher wear and corrosion resistance and lower friction coefficient compared to binary Fe-W alloy coating.
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Reports on the topic "Steel alloys – Corrosion"

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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912469.

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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919568.

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Mickalonis, J. I. Qualification Data for the Corrosion Behavior of Inconel and Steel Alloys in Nitric Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/779686.

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Mickalonis, J. I. Qualification Data for the Corrosion Behavior of Inconel and Steel Alloys in Nitric Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780125.

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Olson, Gregory B., D. E. Ellis, and A. J. Freeman. Electronic-Level Design of Stress-Corrosion Resistant Alloys: Quantum Steels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403902.

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F.J. Presuel-Moreno, F. Bocher, J.R. Scully, and R.G. Kelly. Modeling of Crevice Corrosion Stability of a NiCrMo Alloy and Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893711.

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F. Bocher, F.J. Presuel-Moreno, and J.R. Scully. Coupled Multi-Electrode Investigation of Crevice Corrosion of 316 Stainless Steel and NiCrMo Alloy 625. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893841.

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Chen, Y., O. K. Chopra, W. K. Soppet, Nancy L. Dietz Rago, and W. J. Shack. Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Alloy 690 from Halden Phase-II Irradiations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1224948.

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Maziasz, PJ. Development of Advanced Corrosion-Resistant Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloy with Improved High Temperature Strenth and Creep-Resistance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885787.

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Maziasz, P. J., and R. W. Swindeman. Development of Advanced Corrosion-Resistant Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloy with Improved High-Temperature Strength and Creep-Resistance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940246.

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