Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel alloys

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel alloys'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Anderson, Kevin J. "Steel and Steel Alloys." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 7 (July 1993): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400037611.

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Oh, Yong-Jun, Min-Chul Kim, and Jun Hwa Hong. "A Study on the Characteristics of the Boundaries in Bainitic Low Alloy Steels Using Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) Technique." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600014513.

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Bainitic low alloy steel has a complex microstructure exhibiting several types of boundaries. The boundaries in bainitic steel, although certain boundaries are absent with respect to the alloy composition and the manufacturing process, could be typically divided into 4 types; dislocation cell boundary, lath boundary, packet boundary, and prior austenite grain boundary, in increasing order of size. The size and distribution of the respective boundaries are an important factor which controls the mechanical properties of the steels, including brittle fracture. In the present research, the characteristics of the boundaries in the bainitic low alloy steels were investigated in view of misorientation between grains enclosed by the respective boundaries.The alloys investigated were Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy forging steels having chemical compositions shown in TABLE 1. Steel-A was manufactured by the Vacuum Carbon Deoxidation(VCD) process. For the finer prior austenite grain size, Steel-B was produced by the aluminium addition and the silicon killing process. Before EBSD analysis, the microstructures of the alloys were observed using SEM and TEM. EBSD measurements were obtained using a Link OPAL system(Oxford) linked to a JEOL JSM 6300 SEM operating at 15KeV with the sample tilted at 70°.
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Toleuova, Ainagul, Gulnaz Musina, and Saule Kaldybayeva. "Modifying and Micro-Alloying Effect on Carbon Steels Microstructure." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.359.

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Small additives of elements exhibiting high chemical activity with respect to iron and impurities, included in its composition, have a complex effect on the structure and properties of steel. Moreover, as a result of the modifying and refining effect of micro-additives, the amount, dispersion and morphology of nonmetallic inclusions change, and when alloying the matrix, hardenability, uniformity of structure and resistance to brittle fracture of steels change, too. The article presents a metallographic analysis of carbon steel deoxidized by a complex Са – Ва alloy. Deoxidation of steel using the complex Са – Ва alloy allows significant reducing the content of nonmetallic inclusions, modifying residual nonmetallic inclusions into favorable complexes with their uniform distribution in the volume of steel, and significant increasing the mechanical properties of steel. The high surface activity of barium makes it possible to consider barium as a rather effective modifier. The use of barium in alloys leads to grinding of non-metallic inclusions, homogenization of liquid metal, lowering the liquidus temperature, grinding of primary grains of cast steel, and increasing technological ductility.
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Kathayat, Pawan, Lawrence Cho, John G. Speer, Yuran Kong, Chris W. San Marchi, Joseph A. Ronevich, and Kip O. Findley. "Microstructural Engineering of Mn-Alloyed Austenitic Steel for Hydrogen Storage and Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 967 (December 5, 2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dyo8ha.

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Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used for hydrogen storage and transportation. These alloys have a high nickel (Ni) content, which increases alloy cost. In this study, high manganese (Mn) austenitic alloys were evaluated as potential lower cost alternatives. Two heats of high Mn alloys with different stacking fault energies (SFE) of ~29 mJ·m-2 and 49 mJ·m-2 were acquired. Additionally, a new vanadium (V)-microalloyed high Mn alloy was designed to achieve a SFE of 47 mJ·m-2 to minimize planar slip deformation mechanisms. Post-processing via cold working in conjunction with aging was also performed on the V-microalloyed high Mn steel. Hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity was investigated using circumferential notch tensile specimens cathodically charged with hydrogen in a 0.05M NaOH electrolytic solution. The alloys were compared to a cold-worked 316L stainless steel, which exhibited no strength loss due to hydrogen. The high Mn alloys with SFE of ~29 mJ·m2 and 49 mJ·m-2 had notch strength losses of 11 and 6 pct, respectively. The V-microalloyed high Mn steel in the as-hot-rolled condition had a notch strength loss of 17 pct. The V-microalloyed high Mn steel in the cold worked and aged condition indicated no notch strength loss in hydrogen, which was comparable to the performance of the 316L stainless steel.
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Swindeman, R. W., and M. Gold. "Developments in Ferrous Alloy Technology for High-Temperature Service." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928737.

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Developments during the past twenty-five years are outlined for the technology of ferrous alloys needed in elevated temperature service. These developments include new alloys with improved strength and corrosion resistance for use in nuclear, fossil, and petrochemical applications. Specific groups of alloys that are addressed include vanadium-modified low alloy steels, 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, niobium-modified lean stainless steels, and high chrome-nickel iron alloys. A brief description of coating and claddings for improved corrosion resistance is also provided.
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Francis, Roger, and Glenn Byrne. "Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050836.

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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite, high strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. Moreover, the development of a duplex stainless-steel microstructure requires lower levels of nickel in the composition than for a corresponding austenitic stainless steel with comparable pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, hence they cost less. This makes duplex stainless steels a very versatile and attractive group of alloys both commercially and technically. There are applications where duplex grades can be used as lower cost through-life options, in preference to coated carbon steels, a range of other stainless steels, and in some cases nickel alloys. This cost benefit is further emphasised if the design engineer can use the higher strength of duplex grades to construct vessels and pipework of lower wall thickness than would be the case if an austenitic grade or nickel alloy was being used. Hence, we find duplex stainless steels are widely used in many industries. In this paper their use in three industrial applications is reviewed, namely marine, heat exchangers, and the chemical and process industries. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is discussed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries. The paper shows how duplex stainless steels can provide cost-effective solutions in corrosive environments, and why they will be a standard corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) for many industries through the 21st century.
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Song, Quan Ming, and David Wert. "State of the Art Stainless Steel Provides Improved Properties for Widely Varying Applications." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.341.

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Carpenter Technology Corporation’s Custom 465® stainless steel is a state-of-the-art alloy which has seen its applications expanding at a rapid rate. This alloy is a premium double vacuum melted (VIM/VAR) martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that offers an excellent combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. With its exceptional properties, design engineers have specified the alloy for high-performance components in various industries, such as aerospace, industrial, energy, consumer and medical. The high strength, greater than 250 ksi (1722 MPa) typical, and toughness of the alloy have allowed Custom 465 stainless to be used as a high-strength upgrade to conventional PH stainless steels such as 13-8 and 17-4. The addition of corrosion resistance to the high strength and toughness properties has allowed the alloy to be used as a stainless alternative to non-stainless steels such as AISI 4340 and 300M. This paper will compare mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Custom 465 stainless steel to those of other PH stainless steels such as 17-4, 15-5, and 13-8, as well as to those of other aerospace alloys such as 300M and AerMet® 100 alloy. In addition, examples of the varied uses of the alloy will be provided, these examples will highlight the benefits obtained by the use of Custom 465 stainless steel over the previous alloys of choice for the applications.
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Alatalo, Matti, Heikki Pitkänen, Matti Ropo, Kalevi Kokko, and Levente Vitos. "Modeling of Steels and Steel Surfaces Using Quantum Mechanical First Principles Methods." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.445.

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We describe recent progress in first principles materials modelling applied to iron alloys. First principles methods in general have proven to be an effective way of describing atomic level phenomena in solids. When applied to alloys with chemical disorder, however, the widely used supercell methods turn out to be impractical due to the vast variety of different possible configurations. This problem can be overcome using the coherent potential approximation (CPA), which enables the description of a multicomponent alloy in terms of an effective medium constructed in such a way that it represents, on the average, the scattering properties of the alloy. A bulk alloy, in the case of substitutional random alloys, can thus be described with a single atom while a slab is needed to describe surfaces. The exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO) method provides a first principles method that can be combined with the CPA in order to describe steels and other multicomponent alloys. We describe the EMTO-CPA method and provide examples of both bulk and surface properties that can be modelled with this method.
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Pound, BG, MH Abdurrahman, MP Glucina, GA Wright, and RM Sharp. "The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media." Australian Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 8 (1985): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9851133.

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The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.
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Hafez, Shaimaa, M.M. Eissa, S.U. El-Kameesy, R.M. Elshazly, M. K. El Fawkhry, and Aly Saeed. "MODIFIED BORON-TITANIUM AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL ALLOYS FOR POWER REACTORS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i6.2018.248.

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Boron, Titanium and boron – titaniumaustenitic stainless steel alloys were developed to be used as a nuclear reactor shielding material. Three grades of steel alloys with base composition of AISI316 but having either Ti or B or Ti and B (SS316Ti, SS316B and SS316TiB) were designed and produced using 30 kg pilot plant medium frequency induction furnace at the same conditions. Samples of the properly treated steels were subjected to microstructure observation, hardness, tensile and impact testing. The microstructure observation revealed an austenitic phase in all investigated steel alloys. Among the investigated steels, the lowest corrosion rate was found in the modified steel containing B. The macroscopic-cross sections for neutrons > 10 keV, slow, and total slow neutrons were carried out using 241Am-Be neutron source. The developed boron and boron-titanium stainless steel alloys were found to have higher cross sections for neutrons > 10 keV, slow, and total slow neutrons than SS316 while the modified Ti- stainless steel has lower values for slow neutrons and neutrons > 10 keV than the standard stainless steel SS316. Moreover, the associated neutron half value layer (HVL) was calculated for each sample. Additionally, gamma ray shielding properties were performed for several gamma ray energies that emitted from 232Th radioactive source.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Morrissey, Francis H. J. "A study of fracture and segregation in corrosion resistant alloys : 316ss, Alloy 600 and Alloy 690." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284840.

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From, Malin, Johanna Ejerhed, Artin Fattah, Markus Lindén, and Alex Karlstens. "Heat Resistant Steel Alloys : Atlas Copco." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256662.

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Atlas Copco is interested in investigating the friction in the top-hammer drilling tool threads thatcauses the steel to heat up, leading to a phase transformation and a softer steel in the threads. Theaim of this project is to find a steel alloy or surface finishing that will retain its hardness atelevated temperatures better than the presently used threads material. The solution is intended tobe used as a replacement material for the threads. The potential material is meant to combat thepremature breakdowns of the threads and thus minimizing the economical losses. To achieve ourproject goal, literature studies and an experimental parts were employed.Hardening methods are discussed thoroughly in the thesis, such as carbides/nitrides,precipitation, solid solution, grain size, and martensitic transformation. Alloying elements andtheir effects on steels properties were also discussed. C, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, Ni, W, and V werefound to increase the steel's hardness at elevated temperature, high temperature strength andabrasion wear resistance.Nitration can be applied to most of the steels that Atlas Copco uses today, and will give a harder,and more wear resistant surface at elevated temperatures. A problem with nitration is that thenitrided layer is generally thinner than the martensitic hardening used today.Three tool steels samples (ASP 2030, ASP 2053 and ASP 2060) were acquired from Erasteel.These were used in the experimental part and compared to reference steels that Atlas Copcocurrently are using (R1-R6). The experiments were conducted in 400 and 600°C and the sampleswere tempered for 1, 10 and 100 hours before the hardness were measured with a Vickershardness test. The conclusion from the experiments was that ASP 2060 and ASP 2053 fromErasteel are the steels that have a much higher hardness at elevated temperature than the othersteels tested in the experiment. The results indicate that the tool steels will probably notexperience the same premature breakdown as the threads used today. R1 and ASP 2053 have thegreatest heat resistance.The suggested tool steels are all quite expensive, and to minimize the material needed only thethreads and not the rod can be in the new alloy. Lowering the cost could also be achieved byhardfacing where a layer of the new expensive alloy is welded onto a cheaper steel.
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Sismanis, Panagiotis G. 1959. "The dissolution of niobium and zirconium in liquid steel." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28391.

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The dissolution rates of niobium and zirconium cylinders in liquid steel have been measured in a 'dynamic way', with the help of a data acquisition and process control facility. Two distinct periods were identified; the steel shell period and the free dissolution period.
Lower bath superheats allowed a reaction to take place at the steel shell/niobium interface while higher superheats didn't; the intermetallic compounds Fe$ sb 2$Nb and Fe$ sb 2$Nb$ sb 3$ were identified as the reaction products. Niobium dissolved relatively slowly in liquid steel and its dissolution speed was increased under dynamic conditions (i.e., inductively stirred baths).
In the case of zirconium, an exothermic reaction occurred at the steel shell/zirconium interface and the intermetallics Fe$ sb 2$Zr and FeZr$ sb 2$ were identified as the reaction products. This reaction was triggered at 1220 K by the formation of a liquid Fe-Zr (76 at% Zr) eutectic. For the experimental conditions under which this study was performed, the hydrodynamic conditions of the steel baths did not seem to influence the dissolution rates of zirconium.
A simplified mathematical model was used in order to simulate the coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena which take place during the two periods.
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Yu, Dawei. "Welding metallurgy and toughness improvement for mild and low-alloyed steel electroslag weldments /." Full text open access at:, 1988. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,164.

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Mavropoulos, L. T. "The synergistic effect of niobium and boron on recrystallization in hot worked austentite /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74031.

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Schroth, James Gregory. "Combined mode I - mode III fracture toughness of a high-strength low-alloy steel /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859496482.

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Olajire, Kabiru Ayinde. "Machining of aerospace steel alloys with coated carbides." Thesis, Coventry University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301195.

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Harty, Brian Dudley. "Corrosion fatigue of engineering alloys in aqueous environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18215.

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A comparative study of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behaviour of five alloys in air and in aqueous environments has been performed. The alloys tested include: mild steel as a reference material, a corrosion resistant dual phase steel, 3CR12, a proprietary martensitic stainless steel, AISI 431, a newly developed 8% Cr martensitic steel, Alloy 825, and a newly developed corrosion-abrasion resistant metastable austenitic alloy, 1210. Tests were conducted in laboratory air, distilled water at rest potential, 500 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, 1000 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, and 1000 ppm chloride solution at -1200 m V see; solution temperatures were maintained at 25⁰ C. Crack growth rate tests were performed using sinusoidal loading at a load ratio R = 0.1, a frequency of 3Hz in the laboratory air, and a frequency of 1 Hz in the aqueous environments. At the completion of testing, fracture surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope. In air, the mild steel and 3CR12 display comparable rates of cracking and exhibit a greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than the martensitic AISI 431 and Alloy 825; Alloy 825 shows the least resistance to fatigue crack propagation. The deformation induced transformation in 1210 gives this alloy the greatest resistance to fatigue crack propagation in air. Fatigue crack growth rates were all enhanced in the aqueous environments. The greatest overall rate of environmentally assisted cracking was shown by alloy 825 while the lowest was shown by the mild steel. Although the rate of cracking of 1210 in the aqueous environments was less than that of Alloy 825, 1210 was influenced the most by the aqueous environments. An environmentally assisted cracking index shows that the rate of fatigue crack propagation in 1210 is increased by 32 times in the 500 ppm chloride solution at low stress intensities. The fatigue crack growth rates of mild steel and AISI 431 were significantly influenced by the cathodically polarised conditions in the 1000 ppm chloride solution, compared to the rest potential conditions. In these cases hydrogen was seen to be evolved from the specimen surfaces. Changes in the fatigue crack growth rate behaviour were accompanied by changes in the fracture surface morphologies. The observed changes varied for each alloy and for each environment, and were manifest by the degree of intergranular cracking, cleavage, quasi cleavage, and increased coarseness of the transgranular cracking. The fracture surface morphologies are reported and discussed in detail. In general, the fracture surface morphologies could be directly related to the relative degrees of environmental influence on the rate of cracking; results are explained in terms of existing hypotheses. It is suggested that the environmentally assisted cracking of mild steel and AISI 431 at cathodic potentials in the 1000 ppm chloride solution could only be attributed to hydrogen assisted cracking. Similarly, it is suggested that the large crack growth rate acceleration of 1210 in the aqueous environments could also be attributed to hydrogen. The similar fracture surface morphologies observed on the other specimens after tests in the aqueous environments suggests-that hydrogen could be responsible for the environmentally assisted cracking of all the steels in aqueous environments.
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Hayes, Alethea M. "Compression behavior of linear cellular steel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32857.

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Wong, Yat Khin. "A phenomenological and mechanistic study of fatigue under complex loading histories." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0017.

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[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Over the years much work has been done on studying sequence effects under multilevel loading. Yet, the underlying fatigue mechanisms responsible for such interactions are not fully understood. The study of fatigue under complex loading histories begins by investigating strain interaction effects arising from simple 2-step loading sequences. Fatigue for all investigations were conducted under uniaxial push-pull mode in strain-control. Fatigue is traditionally classified as either low or high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF respectively). The boundary for LCF and HCF is not well-defined even though the fatigue life of LCF is typically dominated by crack “initiation”, while for HCF, fatigue life is usually dominated by stable crack growth. The terms LCF and HCF, apart from referring to the low and high number of fatigue cycles required for failure, also bear little physical meaning in terms of describing the state of fatigue imposed. As a result, conventional definitions of the two distinct regimes of fatigue are challenged and a new method of classifying the boundary between the two regimes of fatigue is proposed. New definitions are proposed and the terms plastically dominant fatigue (PDF) and elastically dominant fatigue (EDF) are introduced as suitable replacements for LCF and HCF respectively. PDF refers to the condition of a material undergoing significant reverse plasticity during cyclic loading, while for EDF, minimal reverse plasticity is experienced. Systematic testing of three materials, 316 L stainless steel, 6061-T6 aluminium alloy and 4340 high strength steel, was performed to fully investigate the cycle ratio trends and “damage” accumulation behaviour which resulted from a variety of loading conditions. Results from this study were carried over to investigate more complex multilevel loading sequences and possible mechanisms for interaction effects observed both under 2-step and multi-step sequences were proposed. Results showed that atypical cycle ratio trends could result from loading sequences which involve combinations of strain amplitudes from different fatigue regimes (i.e. PDF or EDF). Mean strain effects on fatigue life were also studied. The objective of this study was to identify regimes of fatigue which are significantly influenced by mean strains. Results indicated that mean strains affected EDF but not PDF. 2-step tests, similar to those performed in earlier studies were conducted to investigate the effects of mean strain on variable amplitude loading. Again, atypical cycle ratio trends were observed for loading sequences involving combinations of PDF and EDF. It is understood that fatigue crack growth interaction behaviour and mean stress effects are two dominant mechanisms which can be used to explain cycle ratio trends observed. The significance and importance of proper PDF/EDF definition and specification are also stressed. The study of fracture mechanics is an important component of any fatigue research. Fatigue crack growth in 4140 high strength steel CT specimens, under conditions of plane stress and plane strain were studied. In this investigation, the effects of R and overload ratios were also studied for both plane stress and plane strain conditions. Results indicate that differences in the point of crack “initiation” under both plane stress and plane strain conditions decrease with increasing load range, while the extent of crack retardation as a result of overloading, is greater under plane stress than plane strain conditions. The extent of crack growth retardation increases with decreasing R ratios and increasing overload ratios. The final phase of this project involves the proposal of two practical models used to predict cumulative “damage” and fatigue crack propagation in metals. The cumulative “damage” model proposed takes the form of a power law and the exponent which governs “damage” accumulation can easily be calculated by knowing the failure life, Nf, for a given strain or load level. Predictions for the “damage” model performed better when compared to other popular cumulative “damage” models. The second model proposed predicts fatigue crack growth behaviour from known monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data. There are several benefits of having a model that can predict fatigue crack growth from monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data: a) traditionally, engineers had to rely on expensive and time-consuming crack propagation tests to evaluate and select materials for maximum fatigue resistance, and b) monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data are readily available. The crack propagation model is proposed to alleviate the material selection process by providing engineers a means to rapidly eliminate and narrow down selections for possible material candidates.
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Books on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Ulrich, Heubner, ed. Nickel alloys and high-alloy special stainless steels. Sindelfingen: Expert Verlag, 1987.

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Farrar, J. C. M. The alloy tree: A guide to low-alloy steels, stainless steels and nickel-base alloys. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2004.

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Ulrich, Heubner, ed. Nickel alloys. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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R, Davis J., and ASM International. Handbook Committee., eds. Carbon and alloy steels. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1996.

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(Canada), Nickel Development Institute, ed. Engineering with clad steel. 2nd ed. Toronto, Ont: Nickel Institute, 2012.

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Dubinin, G. N. Diffusion chromizing of alloys. New Delhi: Amerind Pub. Co., 1987.

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Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Bainite in steel: Transformations, microstructure and properties. London: Institute of Materials, 1992.

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Totten, George E. Encyclopedia of iron, steel, and their alloys. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.

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Golovanenko, S. A. Dvukhfaznye nizkolegirovannye stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1986.

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Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ institut stali i splavov (Tekhnologicheskiĭ universitet). Elektrostalʹskiĭ filial., ed. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: MISiS, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Ototani, Tohei. "Physical Metallurgy of Calcium and Calcium Alloys." In Calcium Clean Steel, 4–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82752-5_2.

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Mertens, D., Y. Houbaert, and J. Dilewijns. "Metallographic Indication of Methane in Steel Cavities." In High Temperature Alloys, 39–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_6.

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Ramazani, Ali, Banu Berme, and Ulrich Prahl. "Steel and Iron Based Alloys." In Structural Materials and Processes in Transportation, 5–48. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527649846.ch1.

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Masuyama, F., T. Daikoku, H. Haneda, K. Yoshikawa, A. Iseda, and H. Teranishi. "Service Experiences of 12Cr-1Mo-1W-V-Nb Steel and 9Cr-2Mo Steel in a Power Boiler." In High Temperature Alloys, 257–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_24.

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Spittel, M., and T. Spittel. "Index of steel grades." In Metal Forming Data of Ferrous Alloys - deformation behaviour, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44760-3_1.

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Spittel, M., and T. Spittel. "4.6 Density of steel." In Metal Forming Data of Ferrous Alloys - deformation behaviour, 111–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44760-3_10.

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Spittel, M., and T. Spittel. "3 Plasticity of steel." In Metal Forming Data of Ferrous Alloys - deformation behaviour, 57–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44760-3_4.

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Yoshikawa, K., A. Iseda, H. Teranishi, F. Masuyama, T. Daikoku, and H. Haneda. "Development of 12Cr-1Mo-1W-V-Nb Steel for Elevated Temperature Applications." In High Temperature Alloys, 247–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_23.

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Kikuchi, M., M. Sakakibara, Y. Otoguro, H. Mimura, S. Araki, and T. Fujita. "An Austenitic Heat Resisting Steel Tube Developed for Advanced Fossil-Fired Steam Plants." In High Temperature Alloys, 267–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_25.

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Vineberg, E. J., T. B. Cox, C. C. Clark, and P. Boussel. "Development of a Duplex Structure 12cr-1.5mo-1w Steel for Elevated Temperature Applications." In High Temperature Alloys, 287–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Tian, P., Z. Y. Zhong, R. G. Bai, X. L. Zhang, and H. Gao. "Application of Different Vanadium Alloys in Steel." In International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cisia-15.2015.231.

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Arulvizhi, Varun Kumar, Selvakumar Alandur Somasundaram, Mohammed Haareeskhan Niyaz, Pradeep Krishna Ranganathan, Afnan Zaid Moolai, Mohamed Ashfaq Ahmed Abdulla Burhanudeen, and Mohan Raj Ramu. "Advances in Laser Welding of Stainless Steel Alloys." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-28-0056.

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Ferguson, B. Lynn, Zhichao Li, Justin Sims, and Tianyu Yu. "Vacuum Carburizing Steel Alloys Containing Strong Carbide Formers." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0560.

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Abstract Carburizing grades of high strength steels, such as Ferrium C- 64 alloy, contain strong carbide forming elements such as chromium and molybdenum. Alloys with high amounts of strong carbide formers can form stable carbides during carburization that effectively block carbon diffusion and retard the carburization process. This is especially true for low pressure carburization. To achieve the desired case depth, the low pressure carburization process consists of a series of rapid boost and longer time diffusion cycles. One problem is how to determine an acceptable carburization schedule. This paper will discuss a methodology used to develop the data for Ferrium C-64 so that a proper low pressure carburizing schedule could be determined. Integral parts of this methodology are experiments to determine carbon diffusion rates, carbide formation kinetics, and carbide dissolution kinetics, and use of these data in computer software to simulate the process and to determine the proper schedule.
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Pint, Bruce A., and Raphae¨lle Peraldi. "Factors Affecting Corrosion Resistance of Recuperator Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38692.

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As microturbine recuperators are needed to operate at higher temperatures in order to achieve higher engine operating efficiencies, a recurring problem encountered is a severe degradation in environmental resistance of type 347 stainless steel. Above 600°C, stainless steels can experience accelerated attack caused by water vapor, which is often present as a combustion product. Nickel-base alloys are less susceptible to this accelerated attack but their cost is prohibitive. In order to provide a clear, fundamental understanding of alloy composition effects on corrosion resistance of stainless steel components used in recuperators, the oxidation behavior of model alloys is being studied. A composition range of Cr and Ni contents has been identified with better corrosion resistance than type 347 stainless steel. Finer-grained alloys showed improved corrosion resistance compared to coarse-grained alloys with the same composition. It also has been demonstrated that minor alloy additions of Mn and Si are beneficial to corrosion resistance in these environments. This type of information will aid in the development of a corrosion-resistant and cost-effective recuperator material for operation at 650°–700°C.
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Geng, H. C., Z. J. Wang, K. Wang, Y. L. Wang, and Y. S. Zhang. "Simulation on Direct Contact Heating of Aluminum Alloys." In 4th International Conference on Advanced High Strength Steel and Press Hardening (ICHSU2018). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813277984_0039.

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Foster, J. T., W. W. Chen, and V. K. Luk. "Dynamic fracture initiation toughness of high strength steel alloys." In DYMAT 2009 - 9th International Conferences on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009058.

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Tuttle, R. "Effect of RE Master Alloys on AISI 1030 Steel." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/140-40811-082.

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Tuttle, R. "Effect of RE Master Alloys on AISI 1030 Steel." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/040.

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Koprinkova-Hristova, Petia, Nikolay Tontchev, and Silviya Popova. "Multi-criteria optimization of steel alloys for crankshafts production." In 2012 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inista.2012.6246988.

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Kumar, S., D. Kumar, K. Cherian, M. Dougherty, D. Tasch, D. Brosky, D. Combs, G. Fett, B. Binoniemi, and H. Lin. "Microwave Plasma Carburization of Steel Alloys at Atmospheric Pressure." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0989.

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Reports on the topic "Steel alloys"

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Abraham, D. P., S. M. McDeavitt, and J. W. Jr Richardson. Laves intermetallics in stainless steel-zirconium alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481605.

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Sjue, Sky. Strength models for stainless steel 304L alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825389.

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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912469.

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lister, tedd e., and Ronald E. Mizia. Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919568.

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Korth, G. E. Mechanical properties of four RSP stainless steel alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/542018.

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Ludtka, Gerard Michael, Gail Mackiewicz Ludtka, Orlando Rios, John B. Wilgen, Chad M. Parish, Hiram Rogers, Roger A. Kisner, et al. Magnetic Processing of Steel Strip and Next Generation Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1080248.

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Lazarus, L. J. Milling and Drilling Evaluation of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789448.

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Brady, M. P., and W. J. Matthews. Evaluation of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys in Microturbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/988341.

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Marra, J. C. Dissolution of Stainless Steel by Molten Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/783003.

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Elmer, J. W. The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of stainless steel alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5678406.

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