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Suleymanov, Sultan Khamidovich, Elman Sayad ogli Nabiev, Valery Grigorevich Dyskin, Mustafa Umerovich Djanklich, Oleg Andreevich Dudko, and Natalya Aleksandrovna Kulagina. "THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES OF HARDENING BANDAGE STEEL OF THE CONCENTRATED FLOW OF ENERGY." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-3-11-15.
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The work is devoted to the development of technological modes of strengthening of the band steel of locomotive wheels by the method of thermal treatment with concentrated energy flow. Thermal treatment of the banding steel was carried out on a solar furnace at flow densities 320, 450 and 500 W/sm2. Quenching was carried out in air and water. Heating and cooling rates are important for quenching. If speed of cooling is less than critical speed ( V cr ≈ 50 deg/s), quenching is not observed. The hardness of the tempered steel samples after thermal treatment at a temperature of 800-1200°C and treated in water reaches ≈726 HB, that is not optimum for bandage steel.The optimum temperature for quenching the band steel is 730-780°C at a flow density of 450 W/sm2. At the heating temperature of the steel samples 730-780°C and cooling by quenching into water, the hardness of the band steel is the required value of 350-400 HB. By changing the heating temperature and cooling rate of the steel, a predetermined hardness can be controlled and obtained.
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MacDougall, Colin, Mark F. Green, and Scott Shillinglaw. "Fatigue Damage of Steel Bridges Due to Dynamic Vehicle Loads." Journal of Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (May 2006): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2006)11:3(320).
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Popova, N. A., E. L. Nikonenko, E. E. Tabieva, G. K. Uazyrkhanova, and V. E. Gromov. "Influence of surface quenching on morphology and phase composition of ferritic-pearlitic steel." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (January 3, 2021): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-915-921.
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The study was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy on thin foils to investigate the changes in matrix morphology and phase composition occurring in ferritic-pearlitic steel of St2 grade (Russian) under plasma electrolytic surface quenching. In the original state St2 steel is a material which underwent quenching under the temperature of 890 °C (2 – 2.5 h) with cooling into warm water (30 – 60 °C) and further tempering under the temperature of 580 °С (2.5 – 3 h). Surface quenching was conducted in aqueous salt solution during 4 seconds under the temperature of 850 – 900 °C, voltage of 320 V, and current rate of 40 A. In the original state morphological components of the steel matrix were lamellar pearlite and non-fragmented and fragmented ferrite. Surface quenching resulted in the following transformations of morphology and phase composition: 1 – to martensitic transformation (morphological components are lath martensite, lamellar low-temperature and high temperature martensite), 2 – to steel self-tempering (inside all martensite crystals there are thin plate-like precipitations of cementite), 3 – to diffusion transformation γ → α and precipitation of retained austenite (γ-phase) given as thin layers along the boundaries of laths and plates of low-temperature martensite and inside all the crystals of lamellar martensite in the shape of “needles” like in twin type colonies. Surface quenching led to precipitation of special carbides of Мe23С6 phase. It was revealed that carbide precipitation is attributed primarily to decomposition of retained austenite and martensite and also to partial dissipation of cementite and, moreover, it is due to carbon removal from dislocations and the boundaries of α-phase crystals. That means that in all cases carbon from retained austenite, α-solid solution, cementite particles and defects of crystal lattice is used for the formation of special carbides.
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Popova, N. A., E. L. Nikonenko, E. E. Tabieva, G. K. Uazyrkhanova, and V. E. Gromov. "Influence of surface quenching on morphology and phase composition of ferritic-pearlitic steel." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (January 3, 2021): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-915-921.
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The study was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy on thin foils to investigate the changes in matrix morphology and phase composition occurring in ferritic-pearlitic steel of St2 grade (Russian) under plasma electrolytic surface quenching. In the original state St2 steel is a material which underwent quenching under the temperature of 890 °C (2 – 2.5 h) with cooling into warm water (30 – 60 °C) and further tempering under the temperature of 580 °С (2.5 – 3 h). Surface quenching was conducted in aqueous salt solution during 4 seconds under the temperature of 850 – 900 °C, voltage of 320 V, and current rate of 40 A. In the original state morphological components of the steel matrix were lamellar pearlite and non-fragmented and fragmented ferrite. Surface quenching resulted in the following transformations of morphology and phase composition: 1 – to martensitic transformation (morphological components are lath martensite, lamellar low-temperature and high temperature martensite), 2 – to steel self-tempering (inside all martensite crystals there are thin plate-like precipitations of cementite), 3 – to diffusion transformation γ → α and precipitation of retained austenite (γ-phase) given as thin layers along the boundaries of laths and plates of low-temperature martensite and inside all the crystals of lamellar martensite in the shape of “needles” like in twin type colonies. Surface quenching led to precipitation of special carbides of Мe23С6 phase. It was revealed that carbide precipitation is attributed primarily to decomposition of retained austenite and martensite and also to partial dissipation of cementite and, moreover, it is due to carbon removal from dislocations and the boundaries of α-phase crystals. That means that in all cases carbon from retained austenite, α-solid solution, cementite particles and defects of crystal lattice is used for the formation of special carbides.
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Kuzmak, Alexander E., N. E. Esipova, and A. V. Kozheurov. "Опыт кулонометрической оценки коррозионноактивной поверхности аустенитной стали в агрессивном электролите при знакопеременной деформации." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/760.
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Исследовано коррозионное поведение сложнолегированного сплава в растворе 3М НСl при статической деформации переменного знака. Результаты, полученные методом кулонометрической регистрации продуктов коррозии в начальный период взаимодействия металла со средой, обеспечили количественную оценку специфики растворения сплава. Полученные результаты позволили объемным методом в сочетании с методом кулонометрической регистрации продуктов коррозии разработать методологию селективной оценки коррозионного поведения многофазных сплавов в условиях агрессивной среды
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Berenshtein G. V., Dyachenko A. M., Rusanov A. I. Mekhanohimicheskij effekt rastvoreniya [Mechanochemical effect of dissolution] Report Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1988, v. 298 (6), pp. 1402–1404. (in Russ.)
Rusanov A. I., Uriev N. В., Eryukin P. V., Movchan T. G., Esipova N.E. Effect of the strain sign in corrosion under stress. Mendeleev Commun., 2004, v. 14(2), рр. 58–59. https://doi.org/10.1070/mc2004v014n02abeh001875
Rusanov A. , Ur’ev N. B., Eryukin P. V., Movchan T. G., Esipova N. E. Otkrytie effekta znaka deformacii v yavleniyah korrozii pod napryazheniem [Discovery of the sign deformation effect in stress corrosion phenomena]. Report Academy of Sciences, 2004, v. 395(3), pp. 364-366. (in Russ.)
Esipova N. E., Blinov E. B., Movchan T. G., Bannykh O. Corrosion Resistance of a Bent Plate from a High-Nitrogen Nonmagnetic 05Kh22AG15N8M2F Steel in Aggressive Media. Russian metallurgy (Metally), 2007(2), pp. 148-75.
Movchan T. G., Esipova N. E., Eryukin P. V., Uryev N. B., Rusanov A. I. Mechanochemical effects in processes of corrosion of metals. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2005, v. 75(11), pp. 1681–1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11176-005-0491-8
Rusanov A. I. Termodinamicheskie osnovy mekhanohimii [Thermodynamic principles of mechanochemistry]. Saint Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2006, 221 p. (in Russ.)
GOST 9.908-85. Metals and alloys. Interstate standard. (in Russ.)
Kuzmak A. E., Kozheurov A. V., Efi menko L. A., Ilyukhin V. I. Kulonometricheskaya ocenka korrozii okoloshovnoj zony svarnogo shva pri deformacionnom starenii [Coulometric corrosion assessment of the heat-affected weld zone during strain aging]. Korroziya: Materialy, Zashchita, 2009(1), pp. 43–46. (in Russ.)
Kuzmak A. E., Kozheurov A. V. Kulonometricheskaya ocenka skorosti korrozii uglerodistoj stali [Coulometric corrosion rate assessment for carbon steel]. Zashchita Metallov, 2004, v. 40(3), pp. 315–320. (in Russ.)
Kuzmak A. E., Kozheurov A. V., Marin A. V. Coulometric evaluation of infl uence of the welding technology of 12Kh18N10T steel on welded zone corrosion. Korroziya: Materialy, Zashchita, 2005(1), pp. 43-46. (in Russ.)
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Belomyttsev, M. Yu, and V. G. Molyarov. "CREEP RESISTANCE OF FERRITIC-MARTENSITIC STEEL 16Cr12MoWSiVNbB (EP-823)." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-4-290-302.
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Base characteristics of ferritic-martensitic heat resisting steels with 12 % of chrome are parameters of their strength and creep resistance at temperatures of 600 – 750 °С. Steel 16Cr12MoWSiVNbB (EP-823) is considered as the basic material for manufacturing environments fuel rods (TVEL) of a developed reactor with natural safety of BRESTtype. In the literature, there are data about its mechanical characteristics for tensile tests in a range of temperatures of 20 – 750 °С and the limited characteristics of rupture strength. Data on its creep velocity is absent. Laws of creep of steel EP-823 were investigated on metal of three heats with weight of 3 kg. The compression tests at air were applied for cylindrical samples of 5 ÷ 6 mmat temperatures of 600 – 760 °С and stresses of 70 – 310 MPa. The base of compression tests did not exceed 11 hours. The structure after quenching and tempering consisted of tempered martensite and 6 – 12 vol. % of delta-ferrite, the grain size was less 20 μm. It is shown, that the description of creep tests results in double logarithmic (log (σ) – log (έ)) coordinates provides the best concurrence of results of approximation and experiment, than in half-logarithmic (σ – log (έ)). The analysis of parametrical dependences on Hollomon’s PS = (T/1000)[CS – log (έ) and to Larsen-Miller’s PE = (T/1000)[СE – log (σ)] has allowed to find the equations for creep velocity for the set pressure level of 100 – 220 MPa in the form of log (έ) = –19,355 + 9,17 (T/1000) log (σ) and ultimate strength of creep under the set admissions for creep velocity of 0,01 – 1 %/hour in the form of log (σ) = 4,304 – – 0,109 (T/1000) [20 – log (έ)]. Calculations of ultimate strength of creep and creep velocity on pair models and models of Hollomon (Larsen-Miller) give close results, but the preference should be given the second ones as these models consider all three varied factors. Data of control tests under the scheme of a tensile in the same conditions are cited. It is shown, that between results of tests on compression and on tensile at definition of durability characteristics, there is the linear dependence expressed by the equation σ0.2 at compression = 1.3σ0.2 at tensile. At the analysis of creep it has been established, that creep velocity for steel of one grade (09Cr12W3NbB) and for one heat at different type of loading (tensile or compression) have similar values while creep velocities for steel of one grade (EP-823), but of different heats even at one type of loading – compression, can differ substantially.
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Ushakov, I. A., V. S. Nikonova, I. V. Polynskii, L. G. Knyazeva, M. M. Polynskaya, and E. A. Antsiferov. "Study on efficiency of corrosion inhibitors based on derivatives of isothiuronic salts." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 11, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-2-326-332.
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Metals play a pivotal role in industry; their use constantly grows. It is virtually impossible to find an industrial field without the use of metals and their alloys. However, owing to the quality degradation of metal during the operational process, corrosion appears not only on its surface but also under a coating, which leads to its destruction. To avoid this, corrosion inhibitors are necessary. Organic compounds have been widely used as corrosion inhibitors. Many organic corrosion inhibitors have been developed nowadays. In the literature, organic compounds comprising N, O, S and P heteroatoms are described, which reduce corrosion rate. The organic compounds are adsorbed on the metal surface, forming a thin layer. Adsorption occurs either through electrostatic interaction or, in some cases, the formation of covalent bonds. The work aimed to study isothiuronic salts as corrosion inhibitors to evaluate their protective properties using the polarisation curves method. Objects of research were isothiuronic compounds containing two active centres separated by saturated and unsaturated carbon bonds (structures 1-3). In structures 4-7, one isothiuronic fragment has different propylene substituting groups. It has been previously shown that these compounds can act as effective brightening agents when applying nickel coatings. A model solution with a density of 1.12 g/cm3 was prepared to study the corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion inhibitor concentration was 400 mg/L. Studies have shown that the compounds with two isothiuronic moieties do not always exhibit improved properties for inhibiting metal degradation in a corrosive environment. In particular, they showed worsening of the inhibiting properties for samples made of steel 20 and identical properties for that made of steel 3.
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Sastrowiyono, Supriyono. "The Effect of the Ball Size on the Product Characteristics of Shaker HEBM to Produce Nano Particle from Bamboo Charcoal." Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v3i1.5761.
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The objective of this research is to study the effect of ball size on characteristics of product of shaker high energy ball milling (HEBM) to produce nano particle from bamboo charcoal. A new shaker mechanism is developed. The characteristics of the particle are represented by particle size, surface morphology, and the substances presence in the product. Particle size analyzer (PSA) is conducted to have the particle sizes, whereas SEM and EDX are used to have surface morphology and substances presence in the products respectively. The mixtures of 11 gr of bamboo charcoal powder of 200 meshes and about 299 gr of steel ball are placed in vials. The vial is from stainless steel cylinder with 1 inch diameter and 120 mm length. The stroke of the shaker is 54 mm at increasing speed of connecting rod pulley for every 1 million cycles. The total number of cycle is 3 million. Therefore, the connecting rod speed of the first 1 million cycles is 300 rpm, the second is 333 rpm, and the third is 367 rpm. The steel ball sizes are and inch. PSA results indicate that there is no certain correlation between the steel ball size and particle size. The final shape of the particles is determined by fracture mechanism. The highest substance presence in the result is carbon and followed by silicon.
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Lee, Myeong-Hoon, Yeon-Won Kim, Seul-Gee Lee, Jae-Wook Kang, Jun-Mu Park, Kyung-Man Moon, and Yun-Hae Kim. "Influence of annealing temperatures on corrosion resistance of magnesium thin film-coated electro-galvanized steel." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2015): 1540015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400151.
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To improve the corrosion resistance of an electro-galvanized steel sheet, we deposited magnesium film on it using a vacuum evaporation method and annealed the films at 250–330°C. The zinc–magnesium alloy is consequently formed by diffusion of magnesium into the zinc coating. From the anodic polarization test in 3% NaCl solution, the films annealed at 270–290°C showed better corrosion resistance than others. In X-ray diffraction analysis, ZnMg 2 was detected throughout the temperature range, whereas Mg 2 Zn 11 and FeZn 13 were detected only in the film annealed at 310°C. The depth composition profile showed that the compositions of Mg at 270–290°C are evenly and deeply distributed in the film surface layer. These results demonstrate that 270–290°C is a proper temperature range to produce a layer of MgZn 2 intermetallic compound to act as a homogenous passive layer.
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Mei, Fang, Guang Zhou Sui, and Man Feng Gong. "Residual Stress Analysis in Different Thickness TiN Coatings on High-Speed-Steel Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2331.
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TiN coatings were deposited on AISI M2 high-speed-steel (HSS) substrates by multi-arc ion plating technique. The thickness of substrate was 1.0 mm and five thicknesses of TiN coatings were 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0 μm, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used for measuring residual stresses. The stresses along five different directions (Ψ=0°, 20.7°, 30°, 37.8° and 45°) have been measured by recording the peak positions of TiN (220) reflection for each 2θ at different tilt angles Ψ. Residual compressive stresses present in the TiN coatings. Furthermore, the results revealed that the value of the residual stresses in TiN coatings was high. While the coatings thickness changed from 3 to 11 μm, the residual stresses varied from -3.22 to -2.04 GPa, the intrinsic stresses -1.32 to -0.14 GPa, the thermal stresses -1.86 to -1.75 GPa. The residual stresses in TiN coatings showed a nonlinear change. When the coatings thickness was about 8 μm, the residual stresses in TiN coatings reached to the maximum value.
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Bodenstein, Ann-Kathrin, Matthias Lüpke, Christian Seiler, Frank Goblet, Stephan Nikolic, Ulf Hinze, Boris Chichkov, et al. "Evaluation of the static magnetic field interactions for a newly developed magnetic ophthalmic implant at 3 Tesla MRI." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 191, no. 03 (October 11, 2018): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0690-9050.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the static magnetic field interactions for an ophthalmic-magnetic shunt implant with a ferromagnetic steel plate in a thin silicon layer. The plate is used for opening of a valve flap. Ten different sizes of this steel plate were investigated to characterize the relationship between the size of the metal and the magnetic forces of the static magnetic field of a 3.0 T MRI. Materials and Methods The magnetic translation force Fz was quantified by determining the deflection angle using the deflection angle test (ASTM F 2052). The torque was qualitatively estimated by using a 5-point grading scale (0: no torque; + 4: very strong torque) according to Sommer et al. 11. For the visual investigation of the function of the metal plate both prototypes were positioned at the magnetic field’s spatial gradient and at the magnet’s isocenter. The stitches were exposed to the thousandfold of the translational force by a dynamometer. Results The translational force was found to be 10 times greater than the weight of a single plate. The plates were exposed to a high torque (grade 3 to 4). The seams and the tissue withstood more than a thousandfold of the determined translational force. No spontaneous, uncontrolled opening of the valve flap was visible in the MRI, as a result of which the intraocular pressure could decrease considerably. Conclusion Due to the small size of the plates the translational force and the torque will be compensated by the silicon layer and also by the fixation in the eye. Key points: Citation Format
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Bansod, Ankur V., Awanikumar P. Patil, and Sourabh Shukla. "Electrochemical evaluation of cr-mn austenitic stainless steel in aqueous sulphuric acid and influence of thiocyanate ions." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 3 (April 18, 2020): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2019-2210.
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Purpose Low nickel austenitic stainless steel (ASS) has attracted much attention worldwide because of its economical price. This study aims to investigate the effect of different corrosive environments on the corrosion behavior of chrome-manganese (Cr-Mn) ASS. The tests were carried out as a function of H2SO4 concentrations, temperature and addition of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) (0.01 M). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to study the corrosion behavior of Cr-Mn ASS. It was observed that with increasing H2SO4 concentration, temperature and with the addition of NH4SCN solution, icorr, icrit and ipassive values increased. EIS data show decreasing charge transfer resistance value with increasing concentration and temperature. Higher corrosion rate with increasing temperature and concentration of H2SO4 is related to the anions (SO42−), which is responsible for reducing the stability of passive films. With the presence of 0.01 M NH4SCN thiocyanate (SCN− anion), there is a higher dilution of the passive film resulting in a higher corrosion rate. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis reveals the adsorption of sulfur on the surface in NH4SCN containing a solution. The significant presence of counter ions and the adsorbed sulfur species on the steel surface play a vital role in corrosion behavior. Design/methodology/approach All the experiments were performed on a 3 mm thick sheet of Cr-Mn ASS (202 ASS) in hot rolled condition. The samples were then annealed at 1,050°C for 1 h, followed by water quenching. For microstructural examination, they were electrochemically etched in 10 Wt.% oxalic acid solution at 1 amp for 90 s. A computer-controlled Potentiostat (Biologic VMP-300) was used. After the cell was set up, the working electrode (WE) was electrostatically cleaned at −1 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for 30 s to remove the air-formed film. Then, WE were allowed to attain stable open circuit potential (OCP) for 1 h, following by the EIS test and potentiodynamic polarization test. The polarization test was started from a cathodic potential (−1.2 V vs SCE) and continued up to an anodic potential (1.6 V vs SCE) a scan rate of 0.1667 mV/s. EIS experiment was conducted on the same instrument by using a sinusoidal AC signal of 10 mV in a frequency range of 1,000,000 to 0.01 Hz at OCP. Findings Potentiodynamic polarization graph shows that with the increase in sulphuric acid concentration. Increasing temperature from 20°C to 80°C in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution increases the corrosion rate (icorr) of Cr-Mn ASS. On the addition of 0.01 M NH4SCN to the sulfuric acid solution (0.1, 0.5 and 1 M) the corrosion rate increases drastically almost four to five times. EDS and XRD analysis shows the presence of sulfur over the oxide film and preferential site for dissolution of Cr and Mn at the steel surface when NH4SCN is added to the sulfuric acid solution. Originality/value A study on the corrosion behavior of Cr-Mn ASS is scanty according to the author’s knowledge. Therefore, the present study will investigate the corrosion behavior of Cr-Mn ASS on SO4−2 anions, temperature and the addition of SCN− ion in sulfuric acid.
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Panteikov, S. P., L. M. Uchitel’, V. V. Ivko, Yu I. Kharchenko, Yu P. Makhlai, and V. G. Mazai. "Perfection of cooling systems of overhead tuyeres heads of 250-t BOFs." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-327-336.
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Deterioration of tips cooling as a result of number of nuzzles increase in tuyere heads does not allow to use multinozzle (six and more) overhead tuyeres for increasing of steel melting technical and economical indices and operating characteristics of technological equipment. The main reason of it is as follows: deterioration ofcooling results in over-heating and burnt-outof tips material in the farthest nozzle zone following the overhead tuyeres breakage. To avoid the water stagnant areas in the farthestnozzle zones of the heads cooling route and therefore to increase the overheads oxygen tuyeres of 250-t BOF operation life, a new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of tips farthest zones elaborated, manufactures and tested. The perfection of the six-nozzle heads cooling system included asymmetric (relating the side surface of the nozzle block) installation behind every nozzle (in the water direction) a guidingblade of special design. It enabled to increase to a maximum degree the heat removal efficiency from the internal surface in the tip farthest zones and had a positive effect on the overhead tuyeres heads resistance. The workability of the proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of farthest zones was confirmed during test-industrial heats at 250-t BOFs of OJSC “Dneprovskysteel-works”. The heats were carried out with oxygen consumption of 800–1200 m 3/min and regime of partial afterburning ofexit gases. The water consumption for tuyeres cooling decrease from 320–340 m 3 /h, at that the water temperature difference at the tuyere entry and exit varied in the range of 11–16 °C depending on blow-down duration. Application of the new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling enabled to increase the sixnozzle heads resistance by a factor 1.287 comparing with six-nozzle heads without farthest zones cooling and by a factor of 3.327 comparing with regular five-nozzle tuyere heads. The effect reached thanks to more rational cooler distribution and increase ofits velocity. The metal pick up of shafts of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling: while the five-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for salamander cutting off after 1–5 heats, the six-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for the salamander cutting off after 79–81 heats. It indicated a higher efficiency of heat running blow-down and slag regimes with application of proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling.
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Guo, Song, Changyou Li, Jingang Shi, Fangjun Luan, and Xiaoyu Song. "Effect of Quenching Media and Tempering Temperature on Fatigue Property and Fatigue Life Estimation Based on RBF Neural Network of 0.44 % Carbon Steel." Mechanical Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-273-2019.
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Abstract. In this work, the effect of the quenching media (brine, water, and two types of naphthenic mineral oils) and the tempering temperature (200, 400, 600 ∘C) on the static mechanical properties and the fatigue life has been investigated using 300 fatigue and 36 static tension tests. S–N curves and standard deviations of fatigue life under each heat treatment condition were calculated and shown. The fracture surfaces of the selected 11 specimens were observed by the scanning electron microscope and the reasons of affecting the fatigue life were discussed. To estimate the mean fatigue life under the conditions of any given tempering temperature and cycle stress amplitude based on 300 fatigue tests, the mean fatigue life estimation method based on RBF neural network was presented and verified by 12 other fatigue tests. The test results have shown that (1) the mean fatigue life decreases with the increase of tempering temperature for the same quenching media, (2) the mean fatigue life using brine is more than water which is more than naphthenic mineral oils for the same tempering temperature, and (3) the proposed method based on RBF neural network could accurately estimate the mean fatigue life when the tempering temperature and cyclic stress amplitude are given for each quenching medium.
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Robertson, I. M., T. C. Lee, D. K. Dewald, and H. K. Birnbaum. "In situ TEM studies of deformation and fracture." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155086.
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The in-situ TEM straining technique has been used to investigate the micromechanisms of deformation and fracture in several ductile and semi-brittle systems. Attention has been focussed on the dislocation structures ahead of advancing cracks and on the interaction between lattice dislocations and grain boundaries.The deformation experiments were performed in-situ in a transmission electron microscope equipped with a video camera system. The dynamic events were recorded on video tape with a time resolution of l/30th of a second. Static interactions were recorded using the regular microscope plate system. The straining stage deforms the samples in Mode I and can operate at a displacement rate of 4 in sec-1.An example of one of the possible interactions between lattice dislocations and a ∑- 3 ([ll)/60°) grain boundary in 310 stainless steel is shown in the micrograph in Figure 1. The dislocations on slip systems A (a/2[110)1 (ll) 1 ) and B (a/2[101] (11) 1 ) impinge on the grain boundary, generating slip systems C (a/2[l0) 2/(111) 2) and D (a/2[l0) 2/(111) 2). To understand this effect three conditions were considered:
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Škácha, Pavel, Jiří Sejkora, and Jakub Plášil. "Bytízite, a new Cu-Sb selenide from Příbram, Czech Republic." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 1 (February 2018): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.035.
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ABSTRACTThe new mineral bytízite was found in the dump of shaft No. 16, one of the mines in the Příbram uranium and base-metal district, central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bytízite is associated with chaméanite, příbramite, giraudite, berzelianite, umangite, eskebornite, hakite, tetrahedrite, bukovite, crookesite and uraninite in a calcite-dominant gangue. The new mineral occurs as anhedral grains up to 40 µm, growing together in aggregates up to 300 µm across. Bytízite is steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre. Mohs hardness is ca. 2–3; the calculated density is 6.324 g cm–3. In reflected light bytízite is grey with a yellowish hue, yellowish and brownish. Bireflectance and pleochroism are weak. Anisotropy is strong with grey to brownish rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe analyses, is (Cu3.00Fe0.01Ag0.01)3.02(Sb0.97As0.06)1.03Se2.94. The ideal formula is Cu3SbSe3, which requires Cu 34.71, Sb 22.16 and Se 43.13, total 100.00 wt.%. Bytízite is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 7.9594(12), b = 10.5830(14), c = 6.8240(11) Å, with V = 574.82(15) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.73(37)(210), 3.27(62)(211), 2.867(40)(022), 2.698(100)(122) and 2.646(37)(040). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Robs = 0.0437), bytízite is isostructural with synthetic Cu3SbSe3. The structure of bytízite contains two Cu, one Sb, and two Se sites (the latter is occupied both by Se and S atoms). In the structure of both synthetic Cu3SbSe3 and bytízite, there are groups of three cis-edge-sharing tetrahedra [Cu3Se8], which are interlinked to a 3D framework by SbSe3 groups. Bytízite is named after its type locality, the Bytíz deposit, near the village Bytíz.
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Palou, L., C. Montesinos-Herrero, V. Taberner, and J. Vilella-Esplá. "First Report of Penicillium expansum Causing Postharvest Blue Mold of Fresh Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) in Spain." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1097-pdn.
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A survey of postharvest losses of commercially handled and cold-stored fruit of fresh date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), cvs. Medjool and Hayani, was conducted in the 2009 and 2010 seasons in the grove of Elx (Alacant Province, Southeast Spain). Disease symptoms consisting of circular, light brown, soft spots located in any part of the fruit skin were observed in 2 to 5% of the fruit. At room temperature, the lesions expanded rapidly and blue mold symptoms were apparent. The potential causal agent (isolate IVIA NiAA-2) was transferred to PDA and incubated at 25°C. The identification was performed at the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT, University of Valencia, Spain) based on colony morphology of the isolate grown on Czapeck yeast extract agar (CYA) and malt extract agar (MEA) at 26°C. Colonies were circular (average diameter of 40 mm at 7 days), radially sulcate, with dense velvety white mycelium, and very abundant, bluish green conidia. The underside of the plates showed light brown and pale green colonies on CYA and MEA, respectively. On CYA, but not on MEA, a light yellow exudate was produced and a brownish pigment diffused into the medium. At 5 and 37°C on CYA, white microcolonies and no colonies were observed, respectively. Conidia were ellipsoidal to subglobose, smooth and thin walled, measuring 3.0 to 3.5 × 2.5 to 3.0 μm (n = 50) (4). Based on these morphological characteristics, the isolate IVIA NiAA-2 was tentatively identified as Penicillium expansum L. To confirm the identity, we amplified and sequenced the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (GenBank Accession No. KC169942). A BLAST search showed 99% identity and 100% query coverage with P. expansum strain NRRL 6069 (DQ339562) (2). Selected healthy dates cv. Medjool were surface disinfected by dipping in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min followed by thorough rinsing in deionized water. Pathogenicity was tested by pipetting 20 μl of a spore suspension (1 × 106 spores per ml), prepared from 7-day PDA cultures, onto fresh skin wounds, which were made on disinfected fruit using a sterile, stainless steel rod with a probe tip 1 mm in width × 2 mm in length (one wound on each of nine dates, incubated in one humid chamber). Disinfected, wounded, and non-inoculated dates were used as controls. The procedure was repeated three times. Disease symptoms were observed on all inoculated fruit (average lesion size of 6, 15, and 22 mm after 4, 7, and 10 days of incubation at 20°C, respectively) and P. expansum was consistently reisolated, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. No decay was observed on any of the non-inoculated fruit. Unidentified species of Penicillium have been reported to cause date palm fruit rot (1,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. expansum causing postharvest decay of date palm fruit in Spain. References: (1) M. Djerbi. Diseases of the Date Palm. FAO Regional Project, Rome, 1983. (2) M. A. Dombrink-Kurtzman. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 91:179, 2007. (3) S. Ibrahim and M. A. Rahma. Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2:127, 2009. (4) R. A. Samson et al. Introduction to Food-Borne Fungi. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, the Netherlands, 1995.
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RocíoOviedoZampaña, M., Jesús Flores González, Antonio J. Guerrero Altamirano, Jesus Martínez Faure, and Juan A. Péculo Carrasco. "AP036 Comparision between in-and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: 320 CPR analyzed." Resuscitation 82 (October 2011): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(11)70070-3.
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Paar, W. H., A. C. Roberts, A. J. Criddle, and D. Topa. "A new mineral, chrisstanleyite, Ag2Pd3Se4, from Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 2 (April 1998): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547611.
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AbstractChrisstanleyite, Ag2Pd3Se4, is a new mineral from gold-bearing carbonate veins in Middle Devonian limestones at Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England. It is associated with palladian and argentian gold, fischesserite, clausthalite, eucairite, tiemannite, umangite, a Pd arsenide-antimonide (possibly mertieite II), cerussite, calcite and bromian chlorargyrite. Also present in the assemblage is a phase similar to oosterboschite, and two unknown minerals with the compositions, PdSe2 and HgPd2Se3. Chrisstanleyite occurs as composite grains of anhedral crystals ranging from a few µm to several hundred µm in size. It is opaque, has a metallic lustre and a black streak, VHN100 ranges from 371–421, mean 395 kp/mm2 (15 indentations), roughly approximating to a Mohs hardness of 5. Dcalc = 8.308 g/cm3 for the ideal formula with Z = 2. In plane-polarised reflected light, the mineral is very slightly pleochroic from very light buff to slightly grey-green buff; is weakly bireflectant and has no internal reflections. Bireflectance is weak to moderate (higher in oil). Anisotropy is moderate and rotation tints vary from rose-brown to grey-green to pale bluish grey to dark steel-blue. Polysynthetic twinning is characteristic of the mineral. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. Very little variation was noted in eleven electron-microprobe analyses on five grains, the mean is: Ag 25.3, Cu 0.17, Pd 37.5, Se 36.4, total 99.37 wt.%. The empirical formula (on the basis of ∑M + Se = 9) is (Ag2.01Cu0.02)∑2.03 Pd3.02Se3.95, ideally Ag2Pd3Se4. Chrisstanleyite is monoclinic, a 6.350(6), b 10.387(4), c 5.683(3) Å β 114.90(5)°, space group P21/m (11) or P21(4). The five strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 2.742 (100) (–121), 2.688 (80) (–221), 2.367 (50) (140), 1.956 (100) (–321,150) and 1.829 (30) (–321, 042). The name is in honour of Dr Chris J. Stanley of The Natural History Museum in London. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.
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Kenny, Amit, and Amnon Katz. "Influence of the Interfacial Transition Zone Properties on Chloride Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete-Characterization of ITZ." Advanced Materials Research 95 (January 2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.95.69.
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Large part of life cycle cost of reinforced concrete structures, especially infrastructures, is maintenance costs, where steel corrosion induced by chlorides is the major part [1, 2]. Normally, concrete provides the reinforcing steel an environment that preserves it in its passive state. High chloride concentration in the vicinity of the steel can lead, however, to steel activation [3]. The chloride threshold for steel activation was found to be significantly different in variety of the closely related environments of concretes, mortars, and simulated pore solution. In concretes and mortars the chloride threshold was found to be significantly higher than that in simulated pore solutions [4]. Two parameters can be the underlying mechanism for this observation: 1. Concrete chemistry is different than that of the paste and common simulated pore solutions, or 2. the micro-structure of the concrete-steel interface is different [5, 6]. Soluble silicate ions in the pore solution, which may arise from the cement, pozzolans or aggregates, also influence the chloride threshold. Several studies showed that the passivation film formed in the presence of dissolved silicate is significantly different from that created in its absence. Hence, chemical differences in concrete composition, especially in the presence of pozzolans, can influence the chloride threshold [7-10]. Localized corrosion is explained by a mechanism of local concentration polarization across a pit or crevice. This mechanism is closely related to the local geometry. Thus, the micro-structure of concrete-steel interface may influence the levels at which concentration polarization occurs, thus affecting the chloride threshold and the localized corrosion development. Results from various studies on concrete reinforcement corrosion, support the model that explains localized corrosion by concentration polarization [11]. In this work, the concrete-steel interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is quantitatively characterized from back scattered electron microscopy images and pullout test, and is used for correlation with chloride threshold. A series of different concretes with different ITZ structure in the concrete-steel interface have been prepared. for each mix, specimens prepared for corrosion experiment, ITZ characterization, and pullout test. Corrosion experiment for chloride threshold is performed by unidirectional diffusion and capillary suction of 6% NaCl solution. Steel activation is monitored by half cell potential measurement; potential measurement of the tested bar against a second bar, located farther from the NaCl solution, as an internal reference; and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). When steel activation is observed, the concrete is drilled at the bar depth for chloride analysis. The method for quantification of the ITZ by image analysis is composed of three stages: image acquisition by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) on BEI (Backscattered Electron Image) mode, image classification into phases, and ITZ character quantification. Image classification is done by transforming the image, which contain only a scalar for any pixel, into multi-dimensional image, which contain a vector of properties scalar for any pixel. Transformation into multi-dimensional image is accomplished by filtering through various filters, to calculate pixel neighborhood parameters as average and texture. Than the Mean-Shift algorithm [12] is used for unsupervised image clustering, followed by classifying the clusters into physical phases. ITZ characters quantified are: ITZ thickness, and average and maximum of the minimal distance between steel and concrete for every pixel on the steel perimeter. In this work, ITZ thickness is defined by two separate algorithms: 1. the distance from the steel where porosity sharply decline, and 2. the distance from the steel where the porosity decreases to the average porosity 300 micrometers away from the steel surface. Minimal distance between steel and concrete is defined for any pixel on the steel surface as the closest solid concrete pixel. Pullout test is used for physical-performance characterization of the ITZ. Those physical characteristics are: slop at the linear region, bonding strength, maximum stress, and de-bonding energy. Not enough data obtained so far, for chloride ITZ relationship determination. Thus, this paper deals with the ITZ characterization and its relationship with the concrete mix properties. Because, no standard method exists for ITZ measurements and characterization, correlation between characters of the ITZ as obtained by the different methods listed above is needed in order to establish confidence. Low co-linearity between methods can result from: high variation of the ITZ among specimens from the same mix, nonlinear relationship, method inaccuracy, method measure different and unrelated characters, or the measured parameter is not a representative characteristic of the ITZ. Parameters of the minimum distances between steel and concrete were found to correlate with each other. Those parameters were found to be better correlated for vertical bars, while for the horizontal bars, ITZ thicknesses are better correlated. A combination of the different nature of the ITZ around vertical and horizontal bar with miss-classification of some pixels seems to be the cause for that. Typical measurements of ITZ thickness are 40 micrometer for vertical bars and 400 micrometer for horizontal ones. Typical maximum distances between steel and concrete are 12 micrometer for vertical bars and 25 micrometer for horizontal ones. Pullout test results per-se do not correlate due to scattered results. The averages of the results per mix are correlated. These results are better correlated when horizontal and vertical bars are dealt separately. Vertical bars properties are less correlated than the horizontals. The maximum stress during pullout of vertical bars is negatively correlated with the ITZ thickness, and the bonding strength is negatively correlated with the maximum porosity of the ITZ. The maximum stress of horizontal bars is negatively correlated with the ITZ thickness, as well as the bonding strength, and the measurement of the thickness by porosity drop yielded the best correlation. De-bonding energy, on the other hand, is positively correlated with parameters of minimum distance between steel and concrete, and with the ITZ thickness as measured by the average porosity method. Plotting relationships like ITZ thickness (porosity drop method) vs. maximum stress for all specimens demonstrate a relationship which is not linear (Figure 1). Mix properties influence on ITZ is highly bar orientation depended. For vertical bars, linear correlation with the mix properties is weak. A positive correlation can be found between the slump to the maximum of average distance between concrete and steel, and maximum porosity. This contrasts a reasonable assumption that higher slump will cause better consolidation around the rebar and will result in a denser ITZ. The variability of ITZ around a single bar, as represented by the maximum of the standard deviations of the distances between concrete and steel, increases as the bleeding duration increases. Other ITZ properties have some correlation with the bleeding duration as well. It may indicate some un-measured rheological properties of the fresh concrete, which influence the ITZ formation. Increase of powder content seems to reduce the maximum porosity around vertical bars. The energy absorbed during pullout is the only parameter that is well correlated with the mix properties for vertical bars. The w/c ratio, total bleeding, and bleeding rate contribute to increase the bonding energy of the vertical bars, while tend to decrease the bonding strength for horizontal bars as those properties increase. This result could be an indication for ITZ structure formation mechanism around vertical bars, which creates a microstructure that influences the fracture mechanism. For horizontal bars, the mix properties that best correlate with ITZ parameters are: powder content and water content, for the maximum ITZ thickness; and total bleeding, bleeding rate, and water content, for the average ITZ thickness. It can be inferred that raising both powder content and water content make the ITZ smaller. Powder content found to increase the average of the maximum porosity, but not to increase the maximum value itself. That means more evenly distributed porosity around the rebar when powder content is high. Water content is, commonly, associated with higher bleeding, which was found to make the ITZ thicker, but no correlation between water content and bleeding was found in the current work. Bleeding rate and total bleeding are highly correlated with the ITZ. Both found to increase the ITZ thickness. Water to cement ratio is somewhat correlated with the average of the ITZ thickness. That can be a result of negative correlation of the water to cement ratio with the powders content. Pullout parameters of horizontal bars are well correlated with mix properties. The only pullout parameter, which dose not correlate well with mix properties, is the de-bonding energy. The mix properties which are correlated with the pullout parameters are: total bleeding, bleeding rate, w/c ratio, and powders content. The water content found to have no correlation with all pullout parameters. The bleeding properties, total bleeding and bleeding rate, are unsurprisingly correlated as could be predicted by bleeding water lens formation phenomenon [5, 13], and as found by using image analysis. Water to cement ratio, is well correlated with the pullout parameters, as could be predicted, because it influences both concrete strength and bleeding. Powder content has lower linear correlation with the pullout parameters, compared with w/c ratio. Considering observations of other researchers, which emphasized the importance of voids at the steel bar-concrete interface [5, 6], a pronounced difference of chloride threshold is expected for vertical bars, relatively to horizontal, and among horizontal bars. The factor influencing the ITZ thickness around, or more accurately below, horizontal bars is the water bleeding. In practical use, the considered bleeding is the total bleeding below the bar, not the mix bleeding per-se, as was demonstrated by results of pullout tests [14]. It can be concluded that reducing water to powder ratio will reduce bleeding and consequently the ITZ thickness below horizontal bars, which is expected to increase chloride threshold and corrosion resistance.
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Saraev, Yuriy, Valeriy Bezborodov, Marina Perovskaya, and Vyacheslav Semenchuk. "STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COATINGS ON PRODUCTS MADE OF STEEL 09G2S, STEEL 3 AND STEEL 12H18N10T." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-2020-1-11-17.
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The investigation of the mode impact of electric arc surfacing with electrode EN-60M upon coating properties of non-alloy, low-alloy and alloy steels (steel 3, steel 09G2S, steel 12H18N10T) is carried out.
As a result of this there is studied the electric arc impact upon structure, physical stress-strain and operation properties of coatings built up with electrode EN-60M.
It is defined that the modification in progress with electric arc impact allows milling the structure formed of built up coatings and increasing its uniformity.
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Kent, David G., Brad Dykstra, and Connie J. Eaves. "Rapid and Irreversible Alteration of the Ability of Hematopoietic Stem Cells To Execute Both Symmetric and Asymmetric Self-Renewal Divisions by Exposure to Reduced Steel Factor Concentrations with No Effect on Their Survival or Mitogenesis." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.684.684.
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Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are present in the marrow of adult mice at a frequency of 1/104, as measured by limiting dilution transplantation assays for individual cells that produce lymphoid (B and T) as well as myeloid (GM) cells for at least 4 months in irradiated recipients. HSCs thus defined can be reproducibly isolated in the CD45midlin−Rho−SP fraction of adult mouse bone marrow at a purity of >30%. In mice, mutations in c-kit, the receptor for Steel factor (SF) lead to substantial reductions in the adult HSC population. In vitro, SF has been identified as a potent regulator of HSC self-renewal divisions. High concentrations of SF in combination with IL-11 allow adult HSCs to divide with a net 2–4 fold expansion in HSC numbers after 10 days and low concentrations of SF result in loss of HSC activity. To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying these different outcomes, we cultured 114 CD45midlin−Rho−SP adult mouse bone marrow cells in single cell cultures containing serum-free medium + 20 ng/ml IL-11 and either 300 or 10 ng/ml of SF. Each culture was then examined every 4–6 hr. The kinetics of division of these cells under both conditions was identical with completion of the 1st division occurring between 22–68 hr. During that time none of the input cells died (<1%). After 10 days of culture, during which time all input cells divided at least 5 times (>50 cells), the HSC content of pooled clones (as measured by in vivo transplantation assays) was found to be >10-fold higher in the clones generated under high vs. low SF conditions (p<0.05). To characterize the types of self-renewal divisions undertaken, 9 doublets generated under the high SF condition were harvested between 4 and 8 hr after they underwent their 1st division and then each of the daughters was injected into a separate irradiated mouse. Analysis of the 18 mice showed that for one of the input cells both daughters were HSCs (evidence of a symmetric self-renewal division) and for 3 more, only one of the 2 daughters was an HSC (evidence of an asymmetric self-renewal division). In contrast no daughter HSCs were identified when 6 doublets produced under the low SF condition were assayed. To determine whether the loss of HSC activity under low SF conditions was a pre- or post-mitotic event, additional in vivo HSC assays were performed on cells harvested from individual wells after 8, 16 and 96 hours of incubation. The results revealed no change in the proportion of wells with either low or high concentrations of SF that contained HSCs after 8 hr of incubation (10/36 positive mice injected with starting single cells and 5/17 (low SF) vs. 6/17 (high SF) positive mice injected with 8-hr single cells, respectively). However, a significant difference (p<0.01) was seen after 96 hr (5/35 vs. 2/43 positive mice, respectively) and, after only 16 hr, before a first mitosis was seen under either condition, a decline in HSCs was apparent under the low SF condition (4/15 vs. 1/15 positive mice injected with cells from the high vs. low SF condition). Together, these studies indicate that HSC exposure to different SF concentrations can rapidly and irreversibly alter the ability of HSCs to execute symmetric as well asymmetric self-renewal divisions in vitro.
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Soloviev, Yu E., and I. A. Kovaleva. "Rational redistribution of waste of resources. Manufacturing of equipment for cutting machine." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-3-96-98.
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Almost all metal at OJSC «Byelorussian Steel Works» – management company of holding «Belarusian Metallurgical Company» includes today a mandatory physical-mechanical tests which allow to estimate the parameters of the raw materials, to know the reasons for loss of strength and determine operational characteristics. In the Central Factory Laboratory (CFL), laboratory of physical and mechanical tests (LPMT) for the preparation of samples of reinforcement equipment is used of knives in the cutting machine SIMA GEL-30 for cutting rebar from the mill 320 rolling shop № 1 with a diameter from 6 to 24 mm. In the drop-hummer shop annually discards off for scrap waste up to 50 knives. Hydraulic shears of drop-hummer shop used knives set of production of OJSC «Kobrin tool plant «SITOMO», made of steel grade 30ХСНВФА, according to the TU14-1-4461. The staff of the Central laboratory LFMI proposed to use waste knives drop-hummer shop for the manufacture of knives for the chopping of the machine SIMA GEL-30. On the basis of the conducted researches the technological scheme was developed for production of knives for the chopping of the machine SIMA GEL-30 cold cutting of reinforcing bar mill 320 the rolling shop № 1.
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Łapiński, Z., A. Dziedzic, W. Bochnowski, S. Adamiak, and S. Sandomierski. "The Quality of Welded Connections Elements from the Steel 30HGS and Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0056-3.
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The Quality of Welded Connections Elements from the Steel 30HGS and Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V The aim of that work was the evaluation of the quality of welded connections elements (welds) from the 30HGS steel and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The metallographic, factographic tests were used, and measurements of microhardness with the Vickers method. In the head weld of the 30HGS steel there were non-metallic partial division and bubbles observed. The average microhardness in the head connection was 320 HV0.1. There was no significant increase/decrease observed of microhardness in the head influence zone of the weld. There was a good condition of head connections observed, in accordance with the standard EN12517 and EN25817. In the head weld of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy there were single, occasional non-metallic interjections and bubbles observed. There were no cracks both on the weld, and on the border of the heat influence zone. The value of microhardness in head connection was in the range 300÷445 HV0.1. Reveal a very good condition of the head connections in accordance with the standard EN12517 and EN25817. The factographic tests prove the correctness of welded connections done and then heat treatment in case of steel and titanium alloy.
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Chen, Bo, Jian-xin Yang, and Zhi-yun Ouyang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Internal Recycling Options of Steel Slag in Chinese Iron and Steel Industry." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 18, no. 7 (July 2011): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(11)60087-3.
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Lalani, Nafisha, Sue Richter, Peter W. M. Chung, Neil Eric Fleshner, Michael A. Jewett, Alexandre Zlotta, Robert Glen Bristow, Michael Milosevic, and Srikala S. Sridhar. "Concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy: Decision making, tolerability, and outcomes for patients treated in a multidisciplinary bladder clinic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.320.
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320 Background: For select muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients, a multimodal approach using transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by concurrent cisplatin and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) provides a curative bladder-sparing alternative to cystectomy. Our aim was to review decision making, tolerability and outcomes for patients treated in a multidisciplinary bladder clinic. Methods: Between June 1998-June 2011, MIBC patients treated with TURBT and concurrent cisplatin (40mg/m2 weekly) with EBRT (60-66Gy in 30-33 fractions to the bladder and pelvis) were identified. Post-treatment cystoscopy was performed every 3 months with regular imaging. Results: A total of 64 patients were assessed; mean age 73 (43-89), 83% were male. The decision to attempt bladder-sparing was based on patient preference (58%), nonsurgical candidate (25%), or unknown (17%). Patients received a mean 5/6 weeks of cisplatin with the most common toxicity being a 14% overall risk of grade 0-1 renal toxicity by NCIC CTC criteria. All patients completed the prescribed EBRT. No patients experienced acute toxicity requiring cystectomy or causing death. At a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 50/64 (78%) patients were alive and had their own bladders, 7/64 (11%) were alive after cystectomy for recurrence, 7/64 (11%) died. Of the 24/64 (38%) recurrences: 3/64 (5%) had positive cytology/carcinoma in-situ and received intravesicle therapy; 1/64 (2%) had local superficial recurrence and underwent TURBT; 7/64 (11%) had local invasive recurrence requiring cystectomy; 13/64 (20%) had distant recurrence, 6 received chemotherapy and 7 were observed. Estimated disease free survival was 51%, and overall survival was 90% at 3.5 years. Conclusions: Bladder-sparing therapy with concurrent cisplatin and EBRT is a well-tolerated and effective approach with outcomes comparable to cystectomy in carefully selected patients. Prospective trials are required to delineate clinical and molecular factors to further triage patients into sub-groups who may benefit from bladder sparing with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or molecularly-targeted agents to improve survival.
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Kuhn, J. G., H. A. Burris, S. F. Jones, D. W. Hein, N. T. Willcutt, F. A. Greco, D. S. Thompson, A. A. Meluch, R. S. Schwartz, and D. M. Brown. "Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of amonafide for treatment of advanced solid tumors: Genotyping to optimize dose based on polymorphic metabolism." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2503.
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2503 Background: Amonafide (AMF), a synthetic imide derivative of naphthalic acid, is a topoisomerase II inhibitor and is subject to polymorphic metabolism based on acetylation genotype. AMF is extensively metabolized by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) to N- acetylamonafide (AAMF) which has activity nearly equipotent to AMF. In our phase I evaluation, we observed a correlation between NAT2 genotype, AMF/AAMF pharmacokinetics and toxicity (J Clin Oncol 22 [14S]: 2023, 2004). Patients (pts) with slow (S) acetylator genotype tolerated higher doses than those with rapid/intermediate (R/I) acetylator genotype. The present Phase II portion was designed to prospectively determine the dose of AMF based on NAT2 genotype and focused on selected tumor types. Methods: NAT2 genotyping of genomic DNA from blood samples was done prospectively to determine acetylator status of each pt. AMF was administered IV weekly x 3 q4wk, escalation range 320 to 400 mg/m2 for R/I and 400 to 500 mg/m2 for S acetylators. Primary endpoints: safety, MTD, tumor measurements or sustained decreases in tumor markers. Results: Total 47 pts (21 M/26 F), median 66 yr, PS 0–2, acetylator status R/I (26), S (21) with ovarian (11) or prostate (9), breast (8), colon (4) cancers (CA) and other common tumors refractory to therapy were treated; 30 of 47 pts were dosed based on prospective genotyping. Of these 30 pts, 17 were R/I acetylators: no toxicity at 320 mg/m2 AMF in 7/11 pts and manageable myelosuppresion in 4/11 pts observed days 15–21 of cycle but not dose-limiting (DLT); DLT in 3/6 pts at 400 mg/m2. In the 13 S acetylators: at 400 mg/m2 no DLT in 8 pts; DLT in 2/5 pts treated at 500 mg/m2. Other side effects included nausea/vomiting, fatigue and anemia. Of all 47 pts, biologic activity was seen in 6 pts: 3/9 prostate CA (decreased PSA), 2/11 ovarian CA (decreased CA125) and 1/1 GIST (decreased lymph nodes). Conclusions: MTD determined to be 320 mg/m2 in R/I and 400mg/m2 weekly x 3q 4 weeks in S acetylators, respectively, supporting hypothesis that AMF dosing based on prospective NAT2 genotyping may allow for dose optimization based on drug metabolism and result in better tolerance. Phase II assessments at the MTD dose levels are currently ongoing for prostate cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Wei-Tian, Wang, Yang Guang, Chen Zheng-Hao, Zhou Yue-Liang, Lü Hui-Bin, and Yang Guo-Zhen. "Large third-order optical nonlinearity in Au nanometre particle doped BaTiO 3 composite films near the resonant frequency." Chinese Physics 11, no. 12 (December 2002): 1324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/11/12/320.
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Gómez-Amo, J. L., V. Estellés, A. di Sarra, R. Pedrós, M. P. Utrillas, J. A. Martínez- Lozano, C. González-Frias, E. Kyrö, and J. M. Vilaplana. "Operational considerations to improve total ozone measurements with a Microtops II ozone monitor." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 6 (December 16, 2011): 7529–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7529-2011.
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Abstract. A Microtops II "ozone monitor" with UV channels centered at 305.5, 312.5, and 320 nm has been used routinely in six experimental campaigns carried out in several geographic locations and seasons, covering latitudes from 35 to 68° N during the last ten years (2001–2011). The total ozone content is retrieved by Microtops II by using different combinations (Channel I, 305.5/312.5 nm; Channel II, 312.5/320 nm; and Channel III, 305.5/312.5/320 nm) of the signals at the three ultraviolet wavelengths. When a calibration was used and the airmass limit was fixed to 3, Microtops II produce mean relative deviations with respect to the Brewer of 0.1, −11, and 8% respectively for the Channel I, Channel II, and Channel III retrieval. The performance of the Microtops retrieval has been stable during the last ten years. Channel I represents the best option to determine the instantaneous total ozone content. Channel II and III values appear weakly sensitive to temperature, ozone content, and aerosols. Channel II is more stable than Channel I for airmasses larger than 2.6. The conclusions do not show any dependence on latitude and season.
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Zeller, Thomas, Ulrich Frank, Christian Müller, Karlheinz Bürgelin, Uwe Schwarzwälder, Lutz Sinn, Barbara Horn, Helmut Roskamm, and Franz-Josef Neumann. "Technological Advances in the Design of Catheters and Devices Used in Renal Artery Interventions: Impact on Complications." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (October 2003): 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000526.
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Purpose: To analyze the impact of technical improvements in stent devices and guiding catheters (e.g., reduced device diameter, increased flexibility) on the complication rates associated with percutaneous renal artery interventions. Methods: During a 5-year period (1997–2001), 268 consecutive patients (178 men; mean age 67±9 years) had 370 atherosclerotic renal artery stenoses (RAS) ≥70% treated with angioplasty/stenting in 320 procedures. The guiding catheter technique was used routinely until 2000; in 2001, a guiding sheath was used in 29% of cases. From 1997 to 2000, sealing devices were frequently used for sheath removal; during the last year, the sheaths were removed using the Femostop device. Results: In 320 interventions, 32 (10%) complications occurred, with a decreasing frequency during the last 2 years (1996/97: 13% [7/53]; 1998: 16% [9/57]; 1999: 15% [11/74]; 2000: 4% [3/70]; 2001: 3% [2/66]). There were 21 (6.6%) local complications, including 4 cases requiring permanent hemodialysis after the intervention and 11 (3.4%) access site complications. No procedure-related death occurred. During the study period, the average sheath diameter was reduced from 8.15±0.76 F to 6.15±0.63 F (p<0.05). Mean procedural time was reduced from 42±13 minutes to 23±11 minutes (p<0.05). The initial heparin dose was reduced from 10,000 to 5000 units. Conclusions: In parallel with the use of more flexible catheters and premounted stents of lower profile, the complication rate of renal angioplasty/stenting of atherosclerotic RAS has been reduced significantly during a 5-year period.
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Yi, Lu, Li Qing-An, Di Nai-Li, Li Run-Wei, Ma Xiao, Kou Zhi-Qi, and Cheng Zhao-Hua. "Evidence of phase separation in Nd 1- x Sr x MnO 3 ( x =0.50, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55)." Chinese Physics 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2003): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/12/11/320.
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MAGRANGEAS, Florence, Olivier BOISTEAU, Sébastien DENIS, Yannick JACQUES, and Stéphane MINVIELLE. "Negative cross-talk between interleukin-3 and interleukin-11 is mediated by suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3)." Biochemical Journal 353, no. 2 (January 8, 2001): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3530223.
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Previous studies have shown that addition of interleukin-3 (IL-3) abrogated the B-cell potential of primary colonies supported by IL-11, erythropoietin, IL-7 and steel factor. However, the mechanism by which IL-3 exerts its inhibitory role is not understood. Using a variant of the mouse pro-B cell line Ba/F3 which expresses both IL-3 and IL-11 receptors, we showed that pretreatment of these cells with IL-3 before stimulation by IL-11 suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). This inhibition occurred within 30min and required the synthesis of a negative regulator. The onset of IL-3-dependent inhibition was correlated temporally with the appearance of SOCS-3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling-3) protein. In addition, overexpression of SOCS-3 in the pro-B cell line effectively blocked STAT3 activation induced by IL-11. These findings establish that a cytokine (IL-3) that has been shown to modulate its own signal of activation is also able to down-regulate signalling activated by a different cytokine (IL-11). This cross-talk involves activation of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT signalling pathway, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and is mediated, at least in part, by SOCS-3.
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Udupa, Ganesha, M. Singaperumal, R. S. Sirohi, and M. P. Kothiyal. "Characterization of surface topography by confocal microscopy: I. Principles and the measurement system." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (February 14, 2000): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/3/320.
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Adjel-Lalouani, Farah, Sara Hammouchi, Nora Trad, and Souad Mehalaine. "Interactive effects of salt stress and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination and ion content of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(3).p311-320.
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Salinity is becoming one of the most important environmental factors lim-iting crop productivity around the world. Different strategies are employed to achieve optimal growth in saline conditions by employing some biochemi-cal agents such as plant hormones. This article provides an experimental investigation that was conducted to explore the effect of salt stress and hor-mones on barley. Three levels of salt stress tests, (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) on four barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.): Jaidor, Fouara, Saida, and Tichedrett, were studied. Each test was treated with and without 20 μg/l of Gibberellic acid (GA3). Plants were assessed at germination and seedling growth stages to determine the percentage and the speed of germination, the coleoptile length, and the root length. In addition, the experimental in-vestigation was conducted to explore amount and the ash content of potas-sium and sodium due to salinity and the effect of gibberellic acid application to mitigate the impact of salt stress. The results revealed that the use of gib-berellic acid was beneficial in reducing the depressive effect of salt. In gen-eral, Jaidor registered the best results and Fouara registered the lowest ones. However, Saida and Tichedrett were marked with a high root K/Na ratio. In conclusion, the application of salt stress negatively affected the growth of the four studied genotypes. This effect is even more important as the intensity of the stress is high. However, the application of the GA3 hor-mone reduced the negative impact of the salt stress on all measured param-eters.
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Sergeev, N. N., A. N. Sergeev, S. N. Kutepov, A. E. Gvozdev, A. G. Kolmakov, and D. S. Klement’yev. "Influence of heat treatment on formation of residual stresses in wear-resistant bimetallic material "steel 60—steel 15—steel 60"." Materialovedenie, no. 3 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-579x-2019-0-3-7-11.
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Zhang, Guo Shang, Shu Zeng Hou, Shi Zhong Wei, Ji Wen Li, and Liu Jie Xu. "Effects of Aging Treatment on Performance of Explosive Welded Beryllium-Bronze/Carbon-Steel Composite Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.862.
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This paper dealt with how the aging time and temperature affected the hardness of beryllium bronze layer in the explosive welded beryllium-bronze/carbon-steel composite plate. The properties of shearing, bonding, cold bending and microhardness were studied in term of the composite plate, including the aging and nonaging. The optimum aging treatment process of the composite plate is aging temperature at 320°C for 3 hours. And the results show that: aging treatment has no obvious effects on the shear strength but sharply decreases bond strength of the composite plate. And aging treatment to a certain extent reduce the cold bending prroperty. After aging treatment, the microhardness value and distribution of carbon steel was no obvious change, and the microhardness of beryllium bronze sharply raised and smoothly distributed.
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An, Hanghang, Yanping Bao, Min Wang, and Lihua Zhao. "Effects of electromagnetic stirring on fluid flow and temperature distribution in billet continuous casting mould and solidification structure of 55SiCr." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017075.
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The optimal combination of current intensity and frequency of mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) in continuous casting billet was a crucial compromise for improving inner quality of cast billet such as reduction in center segregation and porosity of medium-high carbon steel. In the present study, a decoupled three-dimensional mathematic model of electromagnetic field, fluid flow and heat transfer in continue casting billet mould with EMS has been developed, and the effects of current intensity and frequency on the system were also discussed. In addition, the industrial trials were carried out to investigate the magnetic field characteristics in the mould with M-EMS and the influence of M-EMS on the solidification structure of 55SiCr. According to the calculations and analysis, the optimal combination range of current intensity and frequency was 300–320 A and 3–4 Hz, respectively. The results showed that inner quality in as-cast billet of 55SiCr has been improved significantly with optimal parameter of 320 A and 3 Hz. For instance, central equiaxed zone increased from 19% to 33%, the center carbon segregation ratio decreased from 1.13 to 1.05 as well as center porosity has nearly disappeared.
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Zhan, Rujuan, Jifong Chen, Xiaodong Zhu, Xicheng Jiang, Xueyi Wang, and Hao Wu. "Synthesis of Diamond Films on Stainless Steel Substrates." Chinese Physics Letters 11, no. 3 (March 1994): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/11/3/014.
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Ovchinnikov, E. S., and I. A. Ovchinnikova. "Clad rolled reinforcing bars." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-56-58.
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Premature destruction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environmental influences is a serious problem, both from a technical and economic point of view. Carbon steel reinforcing bar embedded in concrete is usually not subject to corrosion due to the formation of a protective ion-oxide film that passivates the steel under conditions of strong alkalis in the concrete pores. However, this passivity can be disrupted by chlorides penetrating the concrete, or by carbonation reaching the surface of the reinforcing bar. Then the corrosion begins.An example of a solution to this problem is the replacement of conventional steel reinforcement with clad steel during construction. Through the closely spaced interface of two solid metals, the atoms diffuse with each other at different speeds, at a high temperature, and at a certain pressure. This creates a metallurgical bond between two solid metals, the integrity or «strength» of which depends on the «purity» of the interface between the two metals and on the atoms that make up this «transition zone» or bond.The article investigates plated rebar, to determine the possibility of production in a mill 320 OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC». To study the new type of reinforcing bars, special types of research were conducted as determining the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The main advantages of this type of product are defined in the article.
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Ding, Hao, Hua Ding, Chun-lin Qiu, Zheng-you Tang, Jian-min Zeng, and Ping Yang. "Formability of TRIP/TWIP Steel Containing Manganese of 18.8%." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 18, no. 1 (January 2011): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(11)60008-3.
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Ashhari, Shabnam, and Ali Asghar Sarabi. "Indole-3-carbaldehyde and 2-methylindole as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel during pickling." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2014-0104.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the corrosion inhibition effects of indole-3-carbaldehyde and 2-methylindole on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Design/methodology/approach – Indole-3-carbaldehyde and 2-methylindole as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution were investigated by polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Adsorption isotherm and mechanism were calculated. Quantum chemical calculations were used to find out a correlation between electronic structure of inhibitors and inhibition efficiency. Changes in the properties of metal surface in HCl solution in the presence of inhibitors were studied by contact angle measurements. Findings – Polarisation results revealed inhibitors could reduce cathodic and anodic reactions rates on metal surface. EIS analysis showed that inhibition efficiency of indoles increases by increasing the inhibitors’ concentration; maximum inhibition efficiency was 95 and 94 per cent in solutions containing 1 mM indole-3-carbaldehyde and 2-methylindole, respectively. Inhibitors’ adsorptions on metal surface were confirmed by analysing the exposed metals’ surface through contact angles measurements. The adsorption of inhibitors was found to follow Langmuir isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations showed that a more positively charged benzene ring in the structure of two indole-based inhibitors would lead to higher adsorption to metal. Originality/value – This research was carried out to understand the effects of two different functional groups (-C=O, -CH3) with different induction effects on the indole structure and on inhibition efficiency of corrosion inhibitors with the purpose of using these components in industrial application as acid wash solutions to etch and remove rusts from metal surfaces.
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Lyutko, Eugene. "Emergence of the Clerical Corporation in Western Europe (11–13th Centuries) and in Russia (17–18th Centuries)." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 3 (2020): 300–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-3-300-320.
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Traditional Christian confessions — for example, in Catholicism or in Orthodoxy — in scholarly literature, in modern legislation, or at the level of everyday consciousness, are understood primarily as clerical corporations. This corporate reading of modern Christianity also influences the understanding of the phenomenon of religion itself, as it happens, for example, in the famous essay on the “field of religion” by P. Bourdieu. This reading also determines the perception of Christianity as a historical phenomenon as well, which, within the framework of such a representation, appears as a corporation at every moment of its historical existence. This article argues that a “clerical corporation” is not a form of social organization that was originally inherent in Christianity, but a historical phenomenon that embraces various confessional contexts at different times. In particular, the emergence of a clerical corporation is fixed within the framework of an asynchronous comparative perspective relying on the examples of Western European Catholicism of the 11th — 13th centuries, and Russian Orthodoxy of the 17th — 18th centuries.
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Sardi, Sílvia Inês, Gúbio Soares Campos, Sílvia Bonfim Barros, Gabriela Lorens Edelweiss, and Delane Tigre Martins. "Detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus da parainfluenza bovina tipo 3 (pi-3) e o vírus da leucose bovina (vlb) em bovinos de diferentes municípios do Estado da Bahia, Brasil." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v1i1.4108.
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<span class="texto">Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus da parainfluenza bovina tipo 3 (PI-3) e o vírus da leucose bovina (VLB), em seis municípios do Estado da Bahia, através de uma amostragem sorológica de 187 bovinos de 1 a 4 anos, sem antecedentes clínicos, vacinação ou diagnóstico laboratorial das doenças em estudo. Do total dos 187 soros analisados para a detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus de PI-3, utilizando a técnica de inibição da hemoaglutinação, 59 soros foram negativos (31,5%) e 128 soros foram positivos (68,5%). Dos 128 soros positivos, 42 soros mostraram ter 80 UIHA, 67 soros, 160-320 UIHA e 11 soros um valor maior do que ou igual a 640 UIHA. Os resultados para VLB, detectados pela técnica de ELISA de uso comercial, mostraram que, dos 187 soros, somente 14 foram positivos (7,5%). Os resultados obtidos são discutidos no trabalho.</span>
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CHAINE, ALINE, CAROLINE LEVY, BERNARD LACOUR, CHRISTOPHE RIEDEL, and FRÉDÉRIC CARLIN. "Decontamination of Sugar Syrup by Pulsed Light." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-342.
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The pulsed light produced by xenon flash lamps was applied to 65 to 67 °Brix sugar syrups artificially contaminated with suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and with spores of Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, and Aspergillus niger. The emitted pulsed light contained 18.5% UV radiation. At least 3-log reductions of S. cerevisiae, B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus, and A. acidoterrestris suspended in 3-mm-deep volumes of sugar syrup were obtained with a fluence of the incident pulsed light equal to or less than 1.8 J/cm2, and the same results were obtained for B. subtilis and A. acidoterrestris suspended in 10-mm-deep volumes of sugar syrup. A. niger spores would require a more intense treatment; for instance, the maximal log reduction was close to 1 with a fluence of the incident pulsed light of 1.2 J/cm2. A flowthrough reactor with a flow rate of 320 ml/min and a flow gap of 2.15 mm was designed for pulsed light treatment of sugar syrup. Using this device, a 3-log reduction of A. acidoterrestris spores was obtained with 3 to 4 pulses of incident pulsed light at 0.91 J/cm2 per sugar syrup volume.
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Dorofeyev, Yu G., V. Yu Dorofeyev, A. V. Babets, Eu N. Bessarabov, O. N. Romanova, and A. N. Sviridova. "Contact interaction peculiarities at the boundary of layers of «structural steel–high-speed steel» hot-forged powder bimetal." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-3-11-22.
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The main problem in the production of bimetals (BMs) is the need to ensure adhesive interaction at the contact boundary of layers to prevent their peeling during operation. Hot forging of porous preforms (HFPP) provides the possibility of obtaining high-density powder BMs with a minimum amount of pores both in the volume of the layer material and at the layer interface to increase adhesion strength. Production of hot-forged powder BMs may involve mixing of working layer and substrate charge materials, which can lead to uncontrolled interface «blurring». This study uses the previously proposed method for pre-pressing of hard-to-deform material powder to produce «structural steel – high-speed steel» porous BM preforms. Two-layer cylindrical ∅20×30 mm samples were obtained in order to determine mechanical properties and conduct structural analysis. The BM base material was PK40 steel, and the working layer was atomized powder of M2 high-speed steel featuring satisfactory compressibility properties. The porous preforms of BM samples were pressed in a specially designed mold at a hydraulic press enabling two-sided pressing of two-layer powder moldings with predetermined distribution of layer densities and strengths. Cold-pressed BM preforms were sintered in protective environment, and then subjected to hot repressing using a laboratory drop hammer. Some preforms were examined as sintered. In addition, hot repressing of cold-pressed green preforms was performed. Satisfactory process strength of the working layer material is observed at its porosity (Pwl) in the range from 34 to 45 %. When Pwl> 45 %, powder is not molded, and at Pwl< 34 % the working layer delaminates. The maximum layer bonding strength and thermal shock resistance of BM provides the use of a flow route that involves preliminary sintering of cold-pressed preforms and subsequent hot forging. The optimum pressure of working layer pre-pressing is 145 MPa.
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Pishvaian, Michael J., Michael Morse, Jennifer T. McDevitt, Song Ren, Gabriel Robbie, Patricia C. Ryan, Serguei Soukharev, Haifeng Bao, and Crystal Shereen Denlinger. "Phase 1 dose escalation study of MEDI-565, a bispecific T-cell engager that targets human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.320.
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320 Background: MEDI-565, a bispecific single-chain antibody, targets human CEA on tumor cells and the CD3 epsilon subunit of the human T-cell receptor complex. In murine models, MEDI-565 showed antitumor activity in CEA-expressing tumors (J Immunother 2009;34:341-52). Methods: This phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study enrolled adults with GI adenocarcinomas (including esophageal, gastric, small intestine, colorectal, biliary tract, and pancreatic). MEDI-565 was given intravenously over 3 h on days 1–5 in 28-day cycles, with 4 single-patient (pt) (0.75–20 μg) and 5 standard 3+3 escalation (60 μg–3 mg; 1.5–7.5 mg with dexamethasone [dex]) cohorts. Primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD); secondary objectives were to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK), antidrug antibody (ADA), and antitumor activity. Results: Study enrolled39 pts: mean age 59 y; 56% male; 28 (72%) colorectal, 6 (15%) pancreatic, 5 (13%) other. Dose-limiting toxicities (grade ≥ 3 nonhematologic) were seen in 4 pts (2 at 3-mg; 2 at 7.5-mg + dex): hypoxia (n = 2), diarrhea, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) seen in 5 pts: diarrhea, CRS, increased alanine aminotransferase, hypertension (all n = 1), and hypoxia (n = 2). Treatment-related serious AEs seen in 6 pts: diarrhea, vomiting, pyrexia, CRS (all n = 1), and hypoxia (n = 2). Five pts discontinued treatment due to AEs: diarrhea, CRS, central nervous system metastases, and hypoxia (n = 2). MEDI-565 exposures increased in approximately dose-proportional manner, with clearance (35–77 L/d) and half-life (2–7 h) typical of drug class. ADA had minor impact; 19 pts (48.7%) had ADAs, 5/39 (12.8%) with high titer, with decreased MEDI-565 concentrations in 2 pts. Plasma inflammatory cytokines were elevated posttreatment in several pts at 1.5- and 3-mg (no dex) dose levels. No objective responses were observed; 11 (28%) pts had stable disease as best response. Conclusions: The MTD of MEDI-565 in pts with GI adenocarcinomas was 5 mg with dex. PK was linear, with fast clearance and short half-life. No objective responses were observed. Clinical trial information: NCT01284231.
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Madison, Jonathan D., Larry K. Aagesen, Victor WL Chan, and Katsuyo Thornton. "Advancing quantitative description of porosity in autogenous laser-welds of 304L stainless steel." Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2014): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-9772-3-11.
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Li, X., T. F. Jing, M. M. Lu, R. Xu, B. Y. Liang, and J. W. Zhang. "Fatigue Property of Nano-grained Delaminated Low-carbon Steel Sheet." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 27, no. 4 (April 2011): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-0302(11)60075-3.
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Wang, Di, Shuang Ying Wei, and Li Jiang Hu. "POSS/TiO2 Nanohybrids as Sun Protection Ingredients for Greenhouse Covers." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2077.
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Based on (3-methacryloxypropyl)-Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MP-POSS) (MP), vinyl-POSS (VP), (3-glycidoxypropyl)-POSS (GP) and modified with 10, 20 and 30 wt-% titanium tetrabutoxide (TTB), three hybrid nanofilms (f-MPT, f-VPT and f-GPT) were prepared using hydrolytic condensation and crosslinking. The average transparency (AT) and absorption coefficients (AC) of the films were measured in the ranges of 280-2500 nm. The average transparency (AT) values of three films were about 10-11% (280-320 nm), 78-80% (320-400 nm) and 85-89% (750-2500 nm), which implies that these films indeed can provide a physical barrier for blocking the UV-B absorbed into greenhouse, indicating functionality of the POSS/TiO2 materials as the sun protection ingredients. The AT values of three films were in the order of f-MPT>f-GPT>f-VPT due to complete-cage structures of building blocks (POSS) and the size of organic branches covalently bonded to the silica network in the molecular structures. This indicates that VPT powder might be significantly better to selected for the sun protection factor (SPF). Lower mtransparency of the films containing 30 wt-% TTB fractions is ascribed to more amounts of TTB in the modified films.
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Hung, Truong Viet, Vu Quang Viet, and Dinh Van Thuat. "A deep learning-based procedure for estimation of ultimate load carrying of steel trusses using advanced analysis." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(3)-11.
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In the present study, Deep Learning (DL) algorithm or Deep Neural Networks (DNN), one of the most powerful techniques in Machine Learning (ML), is employed for estimation of ultimate load factor of nonlinear inelastic steel truss. Datasets consisting of training and test data are created based on advanced analysis. In datasets, input data are the member cross-sections of the truss members and output data is the ultimate load factor of the whole structure. An example of a planar 39-bar steel truss is studied to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the DL method. Five optimizers such as Adadelta, Adam, Nadam, RMSprop and SGD and five activation functions such as ELU, LeakyReLU, Sigmoid, Softplus, and Tanh are considered. Based on analysis results, it is proven that DL algorithm shows very high accuracy in the regression of the ultimate load factor of the planar 39-bar nonlinear inelastic steel truss. The number of layers can be selected with a small value such as 1, 2 or 3 layers and the number of neurons in each layer can be chosen in the range [Ni, 3Ni] with Ni is the number of input variables of the model. The activation functions ELU and LeakyReLU have better convergence speed of the training process compared to Sigmoid, Softplus and Tanh. The optimizer Adam works well with all activation functions considered and produces better MSE values regarding both training and test data.
Keywords:
deep learning; artificial neural networks; nonlinear inelastic analysis; steel truss; machine learning.