Journal articles: 'Steam recovery'

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Ion, Ion V., Antoaneta Ene, and Gabriel Mocanu. "Boiler blowdown recovery." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 44, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2021.2.03.

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One way to reduce the heat loss of the steam boiler is to reduce the blowdown rate and recover the heat from the purged water. Purging the boiler, although necessary, represents a loss of treated water and a loss of heat because the purged water is water brought to saturation. Blowdown recovery must be done according to the available users/consumers. The paper analyses the recovery of blowdown of a steam boiler of 420 t/h capacity by using a flash separator and a makeup water preheater. The flash steam is used for the feed water deaeration. The heat recovered from the blowdown can reach 97%, and the recovered water can reach 43%.

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Vivek, P., and P. Vijaya kumar. "Heat Recovery Steam Generator by Using Cogeneration." International Journal of Engineering Research 3, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v3s8/808.

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Martínez-Gómez, Jonathan Enrique, Abraham Medina, Francisco J. Higuera, and Carlos A. Vargas. "Experiments on Water Gravity Drainage Driven by Steam Injection into Elliptical Steam Chambers." Fluids 7, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7060206.

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Based on a recently published theoretical model, in this work we experimentally studied the problem of gravity water drainage due to continuous steam injection into an elliptical porous chamber made of glass beads and embedded in a metallic, quasi-2D, massive cold slab. This configuration mimics the process of steam condensation for a given time period during the growth stage of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process, a method used in the recovery of heavy and extra-heavy oil from homogeneous reservoirs. Our experiments validate the prediction of the theoretical model regarding the existence of an optimal injected steam mass flow rate per unit length, ϕopt, to achieve the maximum recovery of a condensate (water). We found that the recovery factor is close to 85% when measured as the percentage of the mass of water recovered with respect to the injected mass. Our results can be extended to actual oil-saturated reservoirs because the model involves the formation of a film of condensates close to the chamber edge that allows for gravity drainage of a water/oil emulsion into the recovery well.

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Zhao, Litong. "Steam Alternating Solvent Process." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 02 (April 1, 2007): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86957-pa.

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Summary A new heavy-oil-recovery process, the steam alternating solvent (SAS) process, is proposed and studied using numerical simulation. The process is intended to combine the advantages of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and vapor-extraction (vapex) processes to minimize the energy input per unit oil recovered. The SAS process involves injecting steam and solvent alternately, and the basic well configurations are the same as those in the SAGD process. Field-scale simulations were conducted to assess the SAS process performance under typical Cold Lake, Alberta, reservoir conditions. These results suggested that the oil-production rate of an SAS process could be higher than that of a SAGD process, while the energy input was 18% less than that of a SAGD process. By varying the length of the steam- and solvent-injection periods in a cycle, a different set of steam/oil and solvent/oil ratios may be obtained because the temperature profiles and solvent-concentration distributions in the vapor chamber can be affected by the injection pattern. The process therefore can be optimized for a specific reservoir under certain economic conditions. Introduction There are large heavy-oil and bitumen deposits in many areas of the world. The resources are especially enormous in northern Alberta, Canada. However, the high viscosity of these oils, usually more than 10 000 mPa×s, hinders the recovery of these resources. To recover such petroleum resources, two types of methods exist for the reduction of oil viscosity. The first is to increase oil temperature. This can be achieved by injecting a hot fluid, such as steam, into the formation, or by in-situ combustion through injecting oxygen-containing gases. The second method is to dilute the viscous petroleum by lower-viscosity hydrocarbon solvent. This method involves injecting a hydrocarbon solvent, such as propane or butane, or a mixture of hydrocarbons into the oil reservoir. As the solvent dissolves into viscous oil, the viscosity of the mixture becomes much lower than the original viscosity of the heavy oil. The diluted oil then can be recovered. The combinations of the above viscosity reduction methods and the horizontal-well technology have been the focus of research for the past 20 years. Two processes, SAGD and vapex, have been developed for the recovery of heavy-oil and bitumen resources (Butler et al. 1981; Butler and Mokrys 1991; Frauenfeld and Lillico 1999). The first has been tested successfully in the field and is currently the process of choice for commercial in-situ recovery (Edmunds et al. 1994; Mukherjee et al. 1995), while the second is starting initial field testing (Butler and Yee 2000). The advantage of the SAGD process is its high recovery and high oil-production rate. However, the high production rate is associated with excessive energy consumption, CO2 generation, and expensive post-production water treatment. The vapex process has the advantage of lower energy consumption (and, therefore, less CO2 generation) and much lower water-treatment costs. The major drawback of the vapex process, however, is its expected relatively lower oil-production rate and the uncertainty on reservoir retention of solvent. In the past several years, modifications have been proposed to improve SAGD's energy efficiency, either through injection of noncondensable gas with steam for reducing heat loss (Jiang et al. 1998) or through injection of solvents and steam together for increasing production rate (Nasr and Isaacs 2001). The combination of solvent with steam also has been studied in the steamflooding process (Farouq Ali and Abad 1976; Venturini and Mamora 2003).

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Sato, Takashi, and Shoji Hagiwara. "Heat recovery from TMP waste steam." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 40, no. 4 (1986): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.40.344.

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Zhang, Yong Jie, Jian Yun Jiang, Jian Dong Ye, Meng Fu, and Fan Zhang. "Study on Waste Heat Recovery of Soy Sauce Production Process in Jinshilongmen Brewery." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.925.

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Considering characteristics of soy sauce production process and the equipment in JinShiLongMen Brewery, a series of energy-saving technology solutions, including secondary recovery of residual steam in steaming process, heat recovery in high temperature soy sauce cooling process, insulation of high temperature salt water tank and insulation of steam pipeline, was developed. After the implementation of these solutions, the system runs stably and experimental testing analysis shows that the annual amount of residual heat recovered by secondary recovery of residual steam in steaming process was 9.635×108 kJ, amounting to reduce steam cost RMB79,100 Yuan, recovered in high temperature soy sauce cooling process was 1.839×109 kJ, amounting to reduce steam cost RMB151,100 Yuan. The results show that the energy saving technologies achieved good economic and environmental benefits and are applied to the same industry.

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Kumagai, Shogo, Tomoyuki Hosaka, Tomohito Kameda, and Toshiaki Yoshioka. "Steam Pyrolysis of Polyimides: Effects of Steam on Raw Material Recovery." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 22 (November 3, 2015): 13558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03253.

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Zhu, Da, Joule A. Bergerson, and Ian D. Gates. "On fingering of steam chambers in steam-assisted heavy oil recovery." AIChE Journal 62, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 1364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.15121.

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Palaniandy, Yoganathan, Nor Mariah Adam, Yiu Pang Hung, and Fatin Hana Naning. "Potential of Steam Recovery from Excess Steam in Sterilizer at Palm Oil Mill." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.1.1726.

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Energy saving is something that being focus deeply either larger or smaller industry in this current era especially steam and electricity. In a crude palm oil mill, tons of fibers and woods are used for burning process as a boiler fuel to generate steam. As steam is good heat transfer medium, it is use for the regular process of heating the product or materials by direct and batch heating to raise the temperature in order to change the characteristic. In typical palm oil mill, every 1000kg of fresh fruits bunches (FFB) required 250kg of steam energy for the sterilization process. It is not surprising that the exhaust lost that release to the atmosphere from the total steam usage is about 70%, which can conclude as energy waste. By referring to this issue, the cost of replace consumable boiler fuel increase tremendously. Besides that, the huge amount of heat release caused the thermal pollution that may have significant effects in the ecological balance and lead to changes in the aquatic fauna and flora. This paper reviews and critically discusses the waste of steam energy and the morphology involved in excess steam from sterilizer. The system that combined with few steps of steam recovery were developed to recovery the low-pressure steam to form the mid-pressure steam that can able to reuse at the process plant. The steam ejector technology is use in this research to recover and reuse the excess steam leading to lower energy consumption and fuel costs. The overall idea is about combining the low-pressure excess steam with high-pressure steam that directly supply from back pressure receiver to form the mid-pressure steam. The Ansys software used as to identify the change of parameter of excess steam and through the software, the percentage of motive steam needed to combine with excess steam finalized. Via recovery and reuse the excess steam from sterilizer, the total energy consumption will be minimized at least 20% which can able to reduce the massive expenses for boiler fuel that benefit the palm oil mill owners.

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Huang, Ting, Kai Peng, Wenzhi Song, Changpeng Hu, and Xiao Guo. "Change Characteristics of Heavy Oil Composition and Rock Properties after Steam Flooding in Heavy Oil Reservoirs." Processes 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020315.

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The thermal recovery method of steam flooding is one of the most common development methods for heavy oil reservoirs. However, after multiple rounds of steam injection development, the composition of crude oil and reservoir rock properties have changed greatly, which is unfavorable for the subsequent enhanced oil recovery. It is necessary to study the distribution of the remaining oil after the thermal recovery of heavy oil reservoirs, and clarify the change characteristics of the components of the crude oil under different steam injection conditions. At the same time, the change of porosity and the permeability of the rocks after steam flooding, and its influence on oil recovery, are investigated. In this paper, the composition changes of heavy oil before and after steam flooding are studied through experiments and numerical simulation methods. A numerical model is established to study the retention characteristics of heavy components in heavy oil reservoirs by the CMG software. The effects of different steam injection conditions, and heavy oil with different components on the residual retention of heavy components, are compared and studied. The changes of rock physical properties in heavy oil reservoirs after steam flooding is clarified. The results show that after steam flooding, the heavy components (resin and asphaltenes) of the recovered oil decrease, and the heavy components in the formation increase in varying degrees. With the increase of heavy components in the crude oil, the remaining oil in the formation increases after steam flooding, and the retention of heavy components increases; after steam flooding, the stronger the rock cementation strength, the higher the degree of reserve recovery, and it is difficult to form breakthrough channels; the greater the steam injection intensity, the earlier to see steam breakthrough in the production well, and the lower the degree of reserve recovery. The research reveals the changes of heavy oil components and rock properties after steam flooding, providing support for the subsequent enhanced oil recovery.

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Suranto, Ahmad Muraji, Boni Swadesi, Indah Widyaningsih, Ratna Widyaningsih, Sri Wahyu Murni, and Lufis Alfian Alannafi. "Combination of Cyclic Steam Stimulation and Steam Flooding to Improve Oil Recovery in Unconsolidated Sand Heavy Oil Reservoir." Journal of Earth Energy Engineering 9, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jeee.2020.4659.

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Steam injection can be success in increasing oil recovery by determining the steam chamber growth. It will impact on the steam distribution and steam performance in covering hot areas in the reservoir. An injection plan and a proper cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) schedule are critical in predicting how steam chamber can grow and cover the heat area. A reservoir simulation model will be used to understand how CSS really impact in steam chamber generation and affect the oil recovery. This paper generates numerous scenarios to see how steam working in heavy oil system particularly in unconsolidated sand reservoir. Combine the CSS method and steam injection continue investigate in this research. We will validate the scenarios based on the how fast steam chest can grow and get maximum oil recovery. Reservoir simulation resulted how steam chest behavior in unconsolidated sand to improve oil recovery; It concluded that by combining CSS and Steam Injection, we may get a faster steam chest growth and higher oil recovery by 61.5% of heavy oil system.

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Pang, Zhanxi, Lei Wang, Zhengbin Wu, and Xue Wang. "An Investigation Into Propagation Behavior of the Steam Chamber During Expanding-Solvent SAGP (ES-SAGP)." SPE Journal 24, no. 02 (January 9, 2019): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/181331-pa.

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Summary Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and steam and gas push (SAGP) are used commercially to recover bitumen from oil sands, but for thin heavy-oil reservoirs, the recovery is lower because of larger heat losses through caprock and poorer oil mobility under reservoir conditions. A new enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method, expanding-solvent SAGP (ES-SAGP), is introduced to develop thin heavy-oil reservoirs. In ES-SAGP, noncondensate gas and vaporizable solvent are injected with steam into the steam chamber during SAGD. We used a 3D physical simulation scale to research the effectiveness of ES-SAGP and to analyze the propagation mechanisms of the steam chamber during ES-SAGP. Under the same experimental conditions, we conducted a contrast analysis between SAGP and ES-SAGP to study the expanding characteristics of the steam chamber, the sweep efficiency of the steam chamber, and the ultimate oil recovery. The experimental results show that the steam chamber gradually becomes an ellipse shape during SAGP. However, during ES-SAGP, noncondensate gas and a vaporizable solvent gather at the reservoir top to decrease heat losses, and oil viscosity near the condensate layer of the steam chamber is largely decreased by hot steam and by solvent, making the boundary of the steam chamber vertical and gradually a similar, rectangular shape. As in SAGD, during ES-SAGP, the expansion mechanism of the steam chamber can be divided into three stages: the ascent stage, the horizontal-expansion stage, and the descent stage. In the ascent stage, the time needed is shorter during ES-SAGP than during SAGP. However, the other two stages take more time during nitrogen, solvent, and steam injection to enlarge the cross-sectional area of the bottom of the steam chamber. For the conditions in our experiments, when the instantaneous oil/steam ratio is lower than 0.1, the corresponding oil recovery is 51.11%, which is 7.04% higher than in SAGP. Therefore, during ES-SAGP, not only is the volume of the steam chamber sharply enlarged, but the sweep efficiency and the ultimate oil recovery are also remarkably improved.

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DUFFY, M. C. "Waste Heat Recovery and Steam Locomotive Design." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 61, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1989.002.

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Ong'iro, A., V. I. Ugursal, A. M. Al Taweel, and J. D. Walker. "Modeling of heat recovery steam generator performance." Applied Thermal Engineering 17, no. 5 (May 1997): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(96)00052-x.

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Cârdu, M. "About the low parameters steam power recovery." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 10 (October 1995): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)00078-e.

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Norouzi, Elnaz, Majid Amidpour, and Mashallah Rezakazemi. "Heat recovery steam generator: Constructal thermoeconomic optimization." Applied Thermal Engineering 148 (February 2019): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.094.

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Walter, Heimo, and Wladimir Linzer. "Flow Stability of Heat Recovery Steam Generators." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 4 (March 1, 2004): 840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2179469.

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This paper presents the results of theoretical flow stability analyses of two different types of natural circulation heat recovery steam generators (HRSG)—a two-drum steam generator—and a HRSG with a horizontal tube bank. The investigation shows the influence of the boiler geometry on the flow stability of the steam generators. For the two-drum boiler, the steady-state instability, namely, a reversed flow, is analyzed. Initial results of the investigation for the HRSG with a horizontal tube bank are also presented. In this case, the dynamic flow instability of density wave oscillations is analyzed.

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Kamarudin, Norhafiza, Liew Peng Yen, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh, Wai Shin Ho, and Jeng Shiun Lim. "Organic rankine cycle and steam turbine for intermediate temperature waste heat recovery in total site integration." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n1.1202.

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The utilization of waste heat for heat recovery technologies in process sites has been widely known in improving the site energy saving and energy efficiency. The Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI) methodologies have been established over time to assist the integration of heat recovery technologies in process sites with a centralized utility system, which is also known as Total Site (TS). One the earliest application of TSHI concept in waste heat recovery is through steam turbine using the popular Willan’s line approach. The TSHI methodologies later were extended to integrate with wide range of heat recovery technologies in many literature, whereby Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been reported to be the one of the beneficial options for heat recovery. In general, the medium to high temperature waste heat is recovered via condensing/backpressure steam turbine, whereas ORC is targeted for recovering the low temperature waste heat. However, it is known that condensing turbine is also able to generate power by condensing low grade steam to sub-ambient pressure, which is comparable with ORC integration. In this work, the integration of ORC and condensing turbine are considered for a multiple-process system to recover intermediate temperature waste heat through utility system. This study presents a numerical methodology to investigate the performance analysis of integration of ORC and condensing turbine in process sites for recovering waste heat from a centralized utility system. A modified retrofit case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness application of the proposed methodology. The performance of ORC and condensing steam turbine are evaluated with the plant total utility costing as the objective function.

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Mahasneh, Mehaysen. "Steam injection in porous media: Case study WadiRajil, Jordan." issue 2 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48103/jjeci372020.

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Hot fluid injection, the preferred method used in the recovery of heavy oil and in various mechanisms such as steam drive, cyclic steam injection, steam stimulation, has become the industrial method for increasing recovery. These methods were used to promote heavy oil recovery by reducing the viscosity of asphalt and heavy oil and increasing the mobility of oil in reservoirs. The experimental test was carried out on a core sample obtained from the Ghareb Formation in the Wadi-Rajil area using cold water, hot water, and steam injection. The maximum recovery of oil in the sample using cold and hot water was 9.75% and 27.3 % respectively. On the other hand, the recovery of oil using steam injection was 42.5%. Thus, steam injection yielded more oil than cold and hot water injections in this experiment; the steam injection influx rate was approximately 15 mL/min. The total oil recovery of the sample using these three mechanisms was around 80%. The steam injection can, thus, be considered a promising thermal recovery method for asphalt and heavy oil in the Wadi-Rajil area.

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Kang, Dae Hoon, Sun-Ik Na, and Min Soo Kim. "Recent Researches on Steam Generation Heat Pump System." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (December 2017): 1730005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517300051.

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This paper reviews the latest researches on steam generation heat pump (SGHP) to cover diverse technologies to enhance the performance depending on its applications. High temperature heat pump that can produce steam was reviewed first, and SGHP which recovers waste heat from low grade heat source (evaporator) was outlined. Conventional waste heat recovery from many industrial sites was reviewed, and SGHP to produce higher temperature steam by re-compression after heat sink (condenser) was discussed.

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Zeng, L., C. Mangan, and X. Li. "Ammonia recovery from anaerobically digested cattle manure by steam stripping." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 8 (October 1, 2006): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.852.

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Ammonia recovery from anaerobically digested cattle manure effluents through steam stripping was studied at a stripping tower temperature of 98–99 °C and a steam–water ratio approximately 56–72 g/L. The digested manure effluents were first treated by microfiltration and then the permeate was used as feed in steam stripping. The stripping performance was evaluated under different feed pH values, ammonia concentrations and temperatures. The increase of the initial feed pH does not significantly improve ammonia stripping efficiency due to the fact that the stripped effluent pH is increased during steam stripping. This suggests that steam stripping of anaerobically digested manure effluents for ammonia recovery may not need pre-raised pH. In contrast, the pH value of the synthetic ammonia wastewater containing NH4Cl dramatically decreases after steam stripping. Increasing the feed temperature slightly improves ammonia stripping efficiency, but reduces the concentration of the recovered ammonia in the condensate due to an increased condensate volume at a higher feed temperature. Therefore, the feed temperature should be controlled at an optimum point that can compromise the condensate ammonia concentration and the ammonia stripping efficiency. Experimental results indicate that recovery of ammonia from anaerobically digested cattle manure effluents as NH4OH is technically feasible.

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Cai, Yu Chuan, Yong Jian Liu, Xiang Fang Li, Yan Zun Li, Xiao Lin Zhang, Xiang Nan He, and Qiong Cheng. "A Study on the Technology of Steam - Hot Water - Nitrogen Compound Drive after Steam Channeling in Steam Flooding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.854.

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Nowadays most heavy oil reservoirs are developed by thermal recovery methods, such as steam huff - puff and steam flooding. At the late stage of heavy oil steam drive, because of steam overlap in the upper reservoir formation, steam channeling can easily occur in production well. The research has shown that development effect of steam - nitrogen compound drive is not as good as consideration after steam channeling. But by injecting water slug can decrease the effect of steam channeling. For increasing water phase saturation in high permeability channel, steam and nitrogen gas relative permeability will decrease. As result, it will enlarge the reservoir vertical producing degree, and at the same time take full advantage of the oil displacement effect of steam - nitrogen compound drive. Through the numerical simulation, the study found that, steam - water - nitrogen compound drive technology can achieve better recovery degree using high hot water temperature and shorter injection time.

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Kusumastuti, Indri, Tomi Erfando, and Fiki Hidayat. "Effects of Various Steam Flooding Injection Patterns and Steam Quality to Recovery Factor." Journal of Earth Energy Engineering 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jeee.2019.vol8(1).2909.

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The main principle of steam flooding is to reduce the oil viscosity using hot steam that is injected into the reservoir. In the field implementation there are several injection patterns that can be applied for steam flooding. This research aims to determine the effect of several injection patterns and steam quality on oil recovery factor. Therefore, it can be known the injection pattern and steam quality are right to obtain the best recovery factor. Analysis was carried out on injection patterns including five-spots, inverted five-spots, seven-spots, inverted seven-spots, nine-spots, and inverted nine-spots. The variations in the steam quality used are 50%, 70% and 90%. The simulation model a 3-dimensional cartesian with grid block size 5x5x5 on CMG STARS. The parameters in this steam flooding scenario are temperature at 450° F, injection pressure of 500 psi, and injection rate of 1000 bbl /day. Of all the scenarios tested the best results were in the inverted seven spot pattern with steam quality 0.9, where recovery factor was 35,1% and total cumulative production was 269397 bbl.

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Altosole, Marco, Giovanni Benvenuto, Raphael Zaccone, and Ugo Campora. "Comparison of Saturated and Superheated Steam Plants for Waste-Heat Recovery of Dual-Fuel Marine Engines." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040985.

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From the working data of a dual-fuel marine engine, in this paper, we optimized and compared two waste-heat-recovery single-pressure steam plants—the first characterized by a saturated-steam Rankine cycle, the other by a superheated-steam cycle–using suitably developed simulation models. The objective was to improve the recovered heat from the considered engine, running with both heavy fuel oil and natural gas. The comparison was carried out on the basis of energetic and exergetic considerations, concerning various aspects such as the thermodynamic performance of the heat-recovery steam generator and the efficiency of the Rankine cycle and of the combined dual-fuel-engine–waste-heat-recovery plant. Other important issues were also considered in the comparison, particularly the dimensions and weights of the steam generator as a whole and of its components (economizer, evaporator, superheater) in relation to the exchanged thermal powers. We present the comparison results for different engine working conditions and fuel typology (heavy fuel oil or natural gas).

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Fujita, Isamu, Muneo Yoshie, and Yukihiro Saito. "Steam Jet Pump For Oil Recovery And Reformation." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-589.

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ABSTRACT This paper discusses basic performances of the steam jet suction device and its potential application to the spilled oil recovery. The experiments were carried out on suction and ejection performance of the steam-driven jet pump as well as its other benefits such as breaking emulsion or an application to a beach cleaning device. The paper additionally includes some basic topics related to the process of emulsion breaking by surface active agents. The main conclusions of the study are (1) A steam-jet pump is basically suitable to recover and transfer high viscosity spilled oil because it realizes large suction power as well as very rapid heating which resolves the difficulty related to the high viscosity caused by the emulsification, (2) A steam-jet pump is also available for reforming the nature of the spilled oil. Emulsion breaking was observed to a considerable extent even without chemical agent, (3) A steam-jet pump has a potential application to a beach cleaning equipment. The steam-driven jet pump is available for sucking well not only liquid but also sand slurry and simultaneously has some side effect that separates oil from oiled-sand very rapidly. The steam-driven jet pump will play an important roll to respond to the high viscous emulsified oil pollution.

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Ravi, Kumar, Krishna Rama, and Rama Sita. "Thermodynamic analysis of heat recovery steam generator in combined cycle power plant." Thermal Science 11, no. 4 (2007): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0704143r.

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Combined cycle power plants play an important role in the present energy sector. The main challenge in designing a combined cycle power plant is proper utilization of gas turbine exhaust heat in the steam cycle in order to achieve optimum steam turbine output. Most of the combined cycle developers focused on the gas turbine output and neglected the role of the heat recovery steam generator which strongly affects the overall performance of the combined cycle power plant. The present paper is aimed at optimal utilization of the flue gas recovery heat with different heat recovery steam generator configurations of single pressure and dual pressure. The combined cycle efficiency with different heat recovery steam generator configurations have been analyzed parametrically by using first law and second law of thermodynamics. It is observed that in the dual cycle high pressure steam turbine pressure must be high and low pressure steam turbine pressure must be low for better heat recovery from heat recovery steam generator.

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Szczepaniak, Włodzimierz, Monika Zabłocka-Malicka, and Agnieszka Gurgul. "Steam gasification for waste valorization with energy recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400170.

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Steam gasification seems a promising technology of waste transformation since the steam is the only oxidizing reagent in the process and gaseous carrier of volatiles. Gasses are equilibrated at high temperature for conversion to the H2-rich syngas. After this step, the excess of steam condenses during cooling, together with non-converted tars, oils and fine particles. Condensing steam efficiently absorbs hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride. The use of steam eliminates carbonaceous residue from the solid mineral/metal product, which is convenient for further processing (for example extraction of metals). The syngas and the solid residue are generally the only products of gasification, because aqueous condensate may be returned to the process together with non-volatile hydrocarbons and sediments. The process was illustrated by laboratory scale gasification experiments with a) carton packaging, b) abrasive disc, c) pork bones, d) Cu multiwire cable e) PC/AT card and f) inverter (PCB board). The mineral/metal products of gasification may be considered as a raw materials for further processing, including typical routes of metals recovery. There is no direct emission to the atmosphere from the process. However, providing the energy from the syngas back to the reactor as well as the energy balance of steam condensation and recirculation of condensate to the reactor need careful analysis.

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Obeng, Abraham Kusi, Duangporn Premjet, and Siripong Premjet. "Improved glucose recovery from durian peel by alkaline-catalyzed steam pretreatment." PeerJ 9 (August 18, 2021): e12026. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12026.

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Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel, as agricultural waste, is a potential under-utilized lignocellulosic biomass that is sufficiently available in Thailand. In this study, durian peel from monthong (D. zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (D.zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee) were subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under autoclaving conditions to improve glucose recovery. The effect of NaOH concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and autoclave temperature (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) was investigated based on the amount of glucose recovered. The optimal NaOH concentration and autoclave temperature were determined to be 2% and 110 °C, respectively, under which maximum glucose (36% and 35% in monthong and chanee peels, respectively) was recovered. Glucose recovery was improved by about 6-fold at the optimal pretreatment condition for both pretreated monthong and chanee when compared to the untreated durian peels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed great changes to the surface morphology of pretreated durian peel from the two cultivars. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also revealed a rise in cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs) after pretreatment. A combination of mild NaOH concentration and autoclaving is a very effective pretreatment technique for maximum glucose recovery from durian peel.

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Chen, Tao Ping, Chao Jiang, and Li Li Wang. "Laboratory Test Researches of Steamflooding after Polymerflooding to Improve Recovery." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.710.

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Research feasibility of steamflooding after polymerflooding to thin oil reservoir to improve recovery, experiments are carried out. Materials are natural core cylindrical. First, waterflooding and polymerflooding are studied at 45°C and steamflooding the environment temperature and injection steam temperature is studied. The results showed range of steamflooding recovery increased to 28.3%. When fixed pressure, steamflooding recovery is increasing with the number PV. Ultimately they are stable value. Efficient the number of PV is 1.4.Steamflooding recovery range is increasing then reducing. Optimum displacement temperature is exceeding saturation vapor 10-15°C.Steamflooding efficiency is concerned with pressure and steam injection rate. Excessive steam rate is insignificant and in this experiment 0.2ml/min is appropriate.Permeability increasing contributes to recovery increasing. But in higher steam injection temperature, extortionate permeability , 1μm2 ,can increase steam fingering. Increasing steam injection temperature can boost obviously steam recovery to medium permeability cores .

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30

Lee, Boo-Youn. "Stress Analysis and Evaluation of Steam Separator of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 17, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2018.17.4.023.

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Abdelfatah, Elsayed, Paula Berton, Robin D. Rogers, and Steven L. Bryant. "Low-Temperature Bitumen Recovery from Oil-Sand Reservoirs Using Ionic Liquids." SPE Journal 24, no. 05 (September 4, 2019): 2409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/197070-pa.

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Summary Steam injection is widely used for bitumen recovery. However, steam is not efficient for shallow or thin reservoirs because of heat loss in the wellbore or to surrounding formations. Numerous alternatives have been proposed, including the addition of solvents and replacement of steam with volatile solvents. Here, we describe a new technology that combines nonvolatile ionic liquids (ILs) and waterflooding for bitumen recovery that can deliver high recovery at ambient temperature. Different ILs were designed for complete dispersal/dissolution of bitumen at ambient temperature. The designed ILs were tested in coreflood experiments with high–grade oil–sand ore from Alberta. Two different scenarios were tested: continuous injection of ILs at different injection rates and injection of a slug of ILs followed by water injection. Different slug volumes were tested at a constant injection rate. After ILs injection, the oil sand was removed from the column, and the remaining bitumen was quantified using a modified Dean–Stark method. Viscosity and solid–content measurements of the recovered samples at breakthrough were conducted. Bitumen recovery by the designed ILs can be thought of as a solution mining process. Tuning the physical and chemical properties of the ILs is the most important aspect of achieving the desired interaction with the oil–sand system. Properties of the designed IL depend on the selected cation and anion, and the strength of their intermolecular interaction. Primary amines mixed with the oleic acid chosen for IL1 form a viscous IL that can recover bitumen, leaving a slight amount of bitumen behind, but a large pressure gradient. Changing the cation to tertiary amines produces significantly less–viscous ILs, which completely recover the bitumen in the oil–sand column. Moreover, the cation can be tailored to significantly minimize the fines (clay) migration and viscosity of the recovered bitumen and to provide compatibility with an aqueous phase. In all cases, these recoveries are significant, compared with the currently used technologies. This work proves that bitumen recovery from oil sand is possible at low temperatures by means of a process analogous to solution mining with the design of the proper ILs, in contrast to viscosity–reduction processes achieved by thermal methods. The properties of these ILs can be tuned for different recovery mechanisms. Thus, this work establishes the basis for developing a new class of in–situ recovery processes with high recovery efficiencies and low environmental impact.

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32

Devriese, Sarah G. R., and Douglas W. Oldenburg. "Feasibility of electromagnetic methods to detect and image steam-assisted gravity drainage steam chambers." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 4 (July 2016): E227—E241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0451.1.

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We have investigated the use of electric and electromagnetic (EM) methods to monitor the growth of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) steam chambers. SAGD has proven to be a successful method for extracting bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta, Canada. However, complexity and heterogeneity within the reservoir could impede steam chamber growth, thereby limiting oil recovery and increase production costs. Using seismic data collected over an existing SAGD project, we have generated a synthetic steam chamber and modeled it as a conductive body within the bitumen-rich McMurray Formation. Simulated data from standard crosswell electrical surveys, when inverted in three dimensions, show existence of the chamber but lack the resolution necessary to determine the shape and size. By expanding to EM surveys, our ability to recover and resolve the steam chamber is significantly enhanced. We use a simplified survey design procedure to design a variety of field surveys that include surface and borehole transmitters operating in the frequency or time domain. Each survey is inverted in three dimensions, and the results are compared. Importantly, despite the shielding effects of the highly conductive cap rock over the McMurray Formation, we have determined that it is possible to electromagnetically excite the steam chamber using a large-loop surface transmitter. This motivates a synthetic example, constructed using the geology and resistivity logging data of a future SAGD site, where we simulate data from single and multiple surface loop transmitters. We have found that even when measurements are restricted to the vertical component of the electric field in standard observation wells, if multiple transmitters are used, the inversion recovers three steam chambers and discerns an area of limited steam growth that results from a blockage in the reservoir. The effectiveness of the survey shows that this EM methodology is worthy of future investigation and field deployment.

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Pituganova, A., I. Minkhanov, A. Bolotov, and M. Varfolomeev. "Screening of waterflooding, hot waterflooding and steam injection for extra heavy crude oil production from Tatarstan oilfield." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 931, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/931/1/012002.

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Abstract Thermal enhanced oil recovery techniques, especially steam injection, are the most successful techniques for extra heavy crude oil reservoirs. Steam injection and its variations are based on the decrease in oil viscosity with increasing temperature. The main objective of this study is the development of advanced methods for the production of extra heavy crude oil in the oilfield of the Republic of Tatarstan. The filtration experiment was carried out on a bulk model of non-extracted core under reservoir conditions. The experiment involves the injection of slugs of fresh water, hot water and steam. At the stage of water injection, no oil production was observed while during steam injection recovery factor (RF) achieved 13.4 % indicating that fraction of immobile oil and non-vaporizing residual components is high and needed to be recovered by steam assisted EORs.

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34

Wilson, Adam. "Downhole Steam Generation Pushes Recovery Beyond Conventional Limits." Journal of Petroleum Technology 64, no. 06 (June 1, 2012): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0612-0130-jpt.

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35

Hessler, George F. "Issues in heat recovery steam generator system noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 5 (May 1997): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.418601.

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36

Milman, O. O. "Steam condenser for plants with carbon dioxide recovery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1677 (November 2020): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1677/1/012113.

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37

Eastwood, John, Pierre Lebel, Andrew Dilay, and Sam Blakeslee. "Seismic monitoring of steam‐based recovery of bitumen." Leading Edge 13, no. 4 (April 1994): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1437015.

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38

NAKAMOTO, Masashi, Keiko SHIMIZU, Hiroshi FUKUDA, and Shiro HINO. "H∞Control for a Heat Recovery Steam Generator." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 7, no. 5 (1994): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.7.176.

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39

Afzal, Sahar, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Mohammad Nikookar, and Emad Roayaei. "Effect of Fe2O3and WO3nanoparticle on steam injection recovery." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40, no. 3 (January 3, 2018): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.870612.

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40

Sharma, Meeta, and Onkar Singh. "Parametric Evaluation of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)." Heat Transfer-Asian Research 43, no. 8 (December 13, 2013): 691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.21106.

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41

Wang, Jinshi, Weiqi Liu, Guangyao Liu, Weijia Sun, Gen Li, and Binbin Qiu. "Theoretical Design and Analysis of the Waste Heat Recovery System of Turbine Exhaust Steam Using an Absorption Heat Pump for Heating Supply." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236256.

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In northern China, many thermal power plants use absorption heat pump to recover low-grade heat from turbine exhaust steam due to the irreplaceable advantages of the absorption heat pump in waste heat recovery. In the process of designing a waste heat recovery system, few researchers have considered the relationship between the design power of the heat pump and the actual heating load of the heating network. Based on the heating load characteristics, this paper puts forward a design idea which uses an absorption heat pump to recover waste heat from a steam turbine exhaust for heating supply. The operation mode of the system for different design powers of the heat pump was stated. An economic analysis model of the waste heat recovery system was proposed, and the optimal design power of the heat pump could be obtained. For a specific unit, the corresponding waste heat recovery system was designed, and various factors affecting the economy of the system were discussed and analyzed in detail.

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42

Ahn, J., Y. S. Lee, and J. J. Kim. "STEAM DRUM DESIGN FOR A HRSG BASED ON CFD." Journal of computational fluids engineering 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2011.16.1.067.

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43

Evdokimov, Sergey, and Tatiana Gerasimenko. "Determination of rational steam consumption in steam-air mixture flotation of apatite-nepheline ores." Записки Горного института 256 (November 10, 2022): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.62.

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Relevance of the study is determined by the decisions taken to increase the production volume of certain commercial products from mineral raw materials. The scale, impact and consequences of the projects on developing the resource-saving technologies for beneficiation of mineral raw materials are socially significant, and the economic growth of mining production complies with the sustainable development goals. The aim of the study is to develop the flotation circuit and mode that improve the technological performance of beneficiation of apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny Massif in the Kola Peninsula. The scientific idea of the work is to develop the flotation circuit, the movement of beneficiation products in which ensures a major increase in the content of the recovered component in the rougher flotation procedure with a simultaneous increase in dressability of the material. The above condition is met when mixing the feedstock with rough concentrate. Recovery of the valuable component from the resulting mixture is accomplished in a mode differing from the known ones in that the heat of steam condensation is used to increase water temperature in the interphase film between the particle and the bubble. For pulp aeration during flotation, a mixture of air and hot steam is used as the gas phase. A high recovery of the valuable component in ore flotation according to the developed circuit and mode is facilitated by increasing water temperature in wetting films due to the steam condensation heat. A high selectivity of flotation with a steam-air mixture can be explained using the concepts of a phonon component of disjoining pressure, the value and sign of which are associated with a difference in the dynamic structure of liquid in the wetting film and bulk liquid.

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KLEIMAN-LYNCH, MAX, DIEGO F. RIVERA, STEPHEN H. FRAYNE, and BRENT D. KELLER. "Impact and feasibility of a membrane pre-concentration step in kraft recovery." May 2021 20, no. 5 (June 1, 2021): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.5.331.

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Emerging robust membrane systems can perform the first section of black liquor (BL) concentration by separating clean water from the black liquor stream using only mechanical pressure. By doing so, they can reduce the steam and energy required for BL concentration. Because of the high osmotic pressure of strong BL, a membrane system would not replace evaporators but would operate in series, performing the first section of BL concentration. In this work, we use a multi-effect evaporator (MEE) model to quantify the steam and energy savings associated with installing membrane systems of different sizes. When maintaining a constant BL solids throughput, we find that a pulp mill could reduce steam usage in its evaporators by up to 65%. Alternatively, a membrane system could also serve to increase BL throughput of the recovery train. We find that a membrane system capable of concentrating BL to 25% could double the BL solids throughput of a mill’s evaporators at the same steam usage. We also demonstrate that installing a membrane system before an MEE would minimally affect key operating parameters such as steam pressures and BL solids concentrations in each effect. This indicates that installing a membrane pre-concentration system would be nonintrusive to a mill’s operations.

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45

Wu, JiWei, XueGang Wang, Lin Song, ShouMing Zhong, and WenFeng Yin. "Microannulus Formation Mechanism at the Cementing Interface of a Thermal Recovery Well during Cyclic Steam Injection." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8217013.

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During the thermal recovery of heavy oil when using cyclic steam injection technology, a microannulus tends to form at the cementing interface subjected to high temperature and pressure during steam injection, and large temperature and pressure differences after injection can lead to wellbore integrity failure. In this study, a thermomechanical coupled finite element casing-cement-formation model of a thermal recovery wellbore is established. The deformation of the wellbore during both the steam injection stage and the steam shutdown stage is analyzed. The microannulus formation mechanism at the cementing interface of the wellbore is studied. During steam injection, under the large thermomechanical coupling load, the wellbore generates a high stress that leads to elastic-plastic deformation. In the steam shutdown stage, with the load on the wellbore decreasing, elastic deformation recovers mostly, while plastic deformation continues. If the plastic deformation is large enough, a microannulus will form at the cementing interface. Increasing the elastic moduli of the casing, cement, and the formation can enlarge their plastic deformation during steam injection. The increase of plastic deformation of the cement or formation can enlarge the microannulus of the casing-cement interface or the cement-formation interface correspondingly in the steam shutdown stage.

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46

Zhou, Yanxia, Xiangguo Lu, Bao Cao, Yigang Liu, Yunbao Zhang, and Xun Zhong. "Recovery Method and Parameter Optimization of a Pilot Test for Conformance Control Flooding and Thermal Recovery in the Offshore Heavy Oilfield." Geofluids 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660468.

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NB35-2 oilfield is a typical offshore sandstone reservoir with viscous crude oil and high permeability. Due to the inherent severe heterogeneity, the efficiency of conventional water flooding is pretty low and usually accompanied with early water breakthrough. In order to recover the residual oil and better realize its potential, applications of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology are necessary. However, the selection of EOR method and related parameters may directly impact the final results and can be noticeably different for different reservoirs; therefore, to optimize the oil production rate and final oil recovery, systematical optimization of every detail based on the condition of a specific reservoir is of key importance. In this paper, physical simulations were first conducted to select the best recovery methods for the target area based on the static geophysical model under the guidance of reservoir engineering theory. Then, detailed development variants for each method were determined by numerical simulation with the support of data obtained from previous pilot tests (polymer gel flooding and thermal fluid huff and puff) conducted in this area. Three exploitation methods were developed for the target well group, including polymer gel flooding (conformance control, Pattern 1), steam huff and puff (thermal recovery method, Pattern 2), and a combination of polymer gel flooding and steam huff and puff (conformance control and thermal recovery, Pattern 3). The numerical simulation result also showed that Pattern 3 yielded the highest oil recovery. Moreover, the amount of additional oil being recovered by applying Pattern 3 was even higher than the total additional oil being extracted by Patterns 1 and 2. In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to rank the most important parameters based on the three Patterns. At last, it is thought that the synergistic effect between conformance control and thermal recovery made more oil recovered, which was intuitively clarified in the mechanism analysis.

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47

Huang, Ke, Siyuan Huang, Qi Jiang, and Yang Liu. "Experimental and Mechanism Study of Superheated SAGD vs. Conventional SAGD Technique: A Cost-Effective Scheme for Superheated SAGD." Geofluids 2022 (April 27, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1966959.

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Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is one of the steam injection techniques to exploit heavy oil and extra heavy oil resources, where the nature of steam is crucial to the production efficiency. Replacing saturated steam with superheated steam can effectively improve the steam quality at the bottom of the well and the production efficiency. In this study, based on the 2-D SAGD experiments, the recovery mechanisms of SAGD under the 220°C saturated steam and 260°C (superheated degree of 40°C) and 300°C (superheated degree of 80°C) superheated steam are compared and analyzed. The numerical model was developed based on experimental results, and the influence of steam superheated degree on the recovery degree of the SAGD process was further investigated. The physical experiment results and numerical simulation results show that the advantages of high enthalpy and large specific volume of superheated steam are significant at the horizontal expansion stage of the steam chamber stage compared to those of saturated steam. However, although the superheated steam can improve the recovery degree, the economic efficiency may decrease with the addition of superheated steam since it requires higher energy to generate the superheated steam. Thus, the SOR (steam-oil ratio) cannot appropriately describe the energy and economic efficiency when superheated steam is considered. Therefore, the cumulative FOR (fuel-oil ratio) is proposed, and the optimal superheated degree, optimal injection strategy, and its relation with the recovery mechanisms are studied. The results indicate that using superheated steam at 80°C superheated degree during the steam chamber horizontal expansion stage can increase the recovery factor around 12% and also reduce the cumulative FOR around 5.3 compared to the conventional SAGD strategy.

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Kim, Dong-Seop, Bong-Ryeol Lee, Seung-Tak No, Heung-Tae Sin, and Yong-Jun Jeon. "Thermal Design Analysis of Triple-Pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Turbine Systems." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2002.26.3.507.

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49

Yuan, Rui, Zhengda Yang, Bin Guo, Xinwei Wang, Liqiang Zhang, and Riyi Lin. "Potential Analysis of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Superheated Steam during Steam‐Assisted Gravity Drainage." Energy Technology 9, no. 7 (May 28, 2021): 2100135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202100135.

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50

Austin-Adigio, Maureen, and Ian D. Gates. "Thermal Viscous Fingering in Thermal Recovery Processes." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184986.

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Heat and fluid flow at the edge of steam chambers found in thermal recovery processes such as steam-assisted gravity drainage and cyclic steam stimulation remain unresolved. Given the multiple phases present and contrast of thermophysical properties, it remains unclear where instabilities occur within this thin, yet critical, zone of the process. In the research reported here, heat and fluid flow are examined in vertical and horizontal sections of a steam chamber to understand the differences between the two orientations by using detailed and fine-gridded thermal reservoir simulation models. The results show that heat transfer in vertical and horizontal directions are different with greater heat transfer found in the vertical orientation. In the vertical direction, heat transfer occurs with mobilized bitumen draining with subsequent steam moving into the emptied pore space. Conduction beyond the edge of the chamber dominates and heated, low viscosity bitumen fingers into cold, higher viscosity bitumen at the edge of the chamber. Relative permeability effects are observed which can interfere with enhanced oil mobility.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam recovery'

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