Relevant bibliographies by topics / STEAM PIPE

Academic literature on the topic 'STEAM PIPE'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

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Sailon and Karmin. "Steam Boiler Design Using Diesel Motor Exhaust Gas." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i3.140.

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As it is known that the boiler is a device used to heat water. This research is conducted to propose another alternative in energy saving efforts by utilizing exhaust gas energy from Diesel motors which so far have not received much attention. The exhaust gases is reused to react the boiler. The method used in design this tool uses the literature study method. The data is taken from the exhaust gas of a 9 x 12 x 4 cylinders Diesel engine with a speed of 300 rpm and Mep 80 Psi, engine power (N) 92.4 Hp. From the results of this study, the results show that the size of the steam pipe with pipe outer diameter (OD) is 1 in, spaced 1 in, the number of rows is 2 rows, the number of pipes in one row Z = 12 rows, with carbon steel pipe material SA 106 Grade. Meanwhile, the size and arrangement of the economizer pipes are the outer diameter of the pipe (OD) 1 in, the spacing = 2 in, the number of rows = 6 rows, the total number of pipes Z = 2 x 6 = 12 pieces, the overall length of the pipe is L x 12, the economizer pipe = 644 in, and SA 106 Grade carbon steel pipe material. The thickness of the boiler drum t = 0.245 cm, capacity Q = 536.75 lb/hour, and the boiler drum material is SA 302 Grade B carbon steel.
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Thamrin, Ismail, and K. Novaldo. "COMPARISON SPIRAL PIPE WITH ROUND PIPE FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER GAS TURBINE." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v1i1.8.

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The increasing need for energy requires finding alternative energy. Sawdust is wate but can be utilised as alternative energy. The sawdust is used as a boiler fuel called biomass. However, the utilization of sawdust as a boiler fuel is considered less effective. Presumably heat and mass transfer of steam for boiler system using spiral pipes. Since the length of steam distribution becomes long so that the heat transfer from boiler to pipes takes a long time. Thus, this study examines the effect of spiral pipes for the heat transfer process for boilers, where the steam is supplied to rotate the turbines (generate electricity). Based on initially study, the boiler system performance using spiral pipe is better than round pipe.
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Nugroho, Ady Setya. "Perencanaan Pipa Dua Fasa pada Fasilitas Produksi Panas Bumi Dieng." Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v3i1.492.

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<p><span><span><span>Lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng beroperasi sejak tahun 2004 dengan kapasitas turbin 60 MW serta memiliki target produksi sebesar 55 MW selama tigapuluh tahun. Lapangan ini, masih layak untuk dilakukan pengembangan dengan total sebesar 110 MW. Dalam mengoptimalkan kualitas uap (<em>steam quality</em>) dari kepala sumur sampai dengan input turbin maka perlu adanya perencanan mengenai dimensi dari pipa yang mengalirkan uap. Parameter yang diperhatikan dalam perencanaan pipa dua fasa yaitu diameter pipa dan penurunan tekanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan diameter pipa dua fasa dan penurunan tekanan pada salah satu sumur pengembangan lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng. Metodologi perhitungan dimensi pipa ini menggunakan standar ASME dalam penentuan diameter pipa dan menghitung besarnya penurunan tekanan sebelum input turbin menggunakan <em>software pipesim. </em>Hasil perhitungan salah satu sumur yang memiliki masa aliran sebesar 60 kg/s <span> </span>didapatkan jenis pipa Xtra Strong (XS) kualitas uap 0.176 dengan diameter pipa 8 inchi serta kecepatan aliran yang optimal sebesar 27.33 m/s <span> </span>serta penurunan tekanan dari <em>well head</em> menuju separator adalah 7, 476 bar dengan tekanan input turbin sebesar 22,985 bar.</span></span></span></p><p><em>Dieng Geothermal Field operates since 2004 with a 60 MW turbine capacity and has a production target of 55 MW for thirty years. This field is still feasible for development with a total of 110 MW. In optimizing the quality of steam (steam quality) from the wellhead to the turbine input, it is necessary to plan on the dimensions of the pipe that flows steam. Parameters that are considered in planning two-phase pipes are pipe diameter and pressure drop. The research objective was to determine the two-phase pipe diameter and pressure drop at one of the wells in the Dieng Geothermal field development. The methodology for calculating the pipe dimensions uses the ASME standard in determining pipe diameter and calculating the amount of pressure drop before the turbine input using pipesim software. The calculation results of one well that has a flow period of 60 kg / s obtained Xtra Strong (XS) pipe type vapor quality 0.176 with 8 inches pipe diameter and optimal flow velocity of 27.33 m / s and pressure drop from well head to separator is 7 , 476 bars with turbine input pressure of 22,985 bars.</em></p>
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Chudhoifah, Mochamad Nanchy, Dwita Suastiyanti, and Pathya Rupajati. "Analisa Kerusakan Pipa Boiler Super Kritikal." Jurnal Teknik Mesin ITI 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31543/jtm.v4i1.334.

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AbstrakBoiler adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah air menjadi uap dengan cara dipanaskan menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utama. Pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan menggunakan boiler super critical berkapasitas 660 MW, temperatur uap 566 °C dan tekanan 240 bar memiliki pipa di area final superheater dengan jenis material SA213 – T91. Pada saat unit start up, pipa di area final superheater mengalami kebocoran sehingga pipa menjadi pecah. Pecahnya pipa menyerupai mulut ikan, hasil analisa penyebabnya kemungkinan karena Short Term Temperature. Melalui uji metalografi ditemukan adanya rongga-rongga dan retak pada struktur mikro, kemungkinan karena pengelupasan lapisan magnetik didalam pipa. Untuk itu pengoperasian boiler harus memperhatikan kenaikan metal temperatur tidak boleh melebihi 2°C/menit agar tidak terjadi pengelupasan lapisan magnetik pada pipa Boiler.Kata kunci: SA213-T91, retak, superheater.Abstract Boilers are tools used to convert water into steam by heating using coal as the main fuel. In steam power plants using super critical boilers with a capacity of 660 MW, steam temperatures of 566 ° C and pressure of 240 bar have pipes in superheater final area with material type SA213 - T91. When start of the unit, the pipe in the final superheater area has leaked so that the pipe was rupture. The rupture of a pipe like a fish's mouth, the results of the analysis cause may be due to Short Term Temperature. Through metallographic tests it was found that there were cavities and creeps on the microstructure, possibly due to the peeling of the magnetic layer in the pipe. For this reason, the operation of the boiler must pay attention to the increase in metal temperature should not exceed 2 ° C / minute so there is no exfoliation of the magnetic layer in the Boiler pipe.Keywords: SA213-T91, creep, superheater.
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Saragi, Elfrida, Abdul Hafid, and Geni Rina Sunaryo. "APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000." Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jpen.2015.17.1.2613.

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ABSTRAK APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000. Penyangga pipa digunakan antara lain untuk menjaga agar pipa tidak membebani komponen dan mencegah terjadinya lendutan yang berlebihan. Penentuan posisi penyangga pipa ditetapkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti adanya katup, adanya belokan pipa dan jarak antara dua komponen utama reaktor yaitu tangki reaktor dan pembangkit uap.Untuk transpor panas dari tangki reaktor ke pembangkit uap digunakan pipa hotleg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat menentukan batas jarak penyangga yang baik dan sudut belok pipa pada pipa primer reaktor daya AP1000 berdiameter 37,5inchi diameter luar dan 31 inchi diameter dalam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode komputasi dengan pemodelan menggunakan software MSC Patran.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin jauh jarak penyangga pipa maka besar lendutan yang terjadi makin besar.Nilai maksimal yang cukup baik dan sesuai standar ASME adalah pada jarak 5 m dengan sudut belok pipa 45 derajat.Pada jarak tersebut defleksi maksimumyang terjadi sebesar 1.76 cm dan tegangan tekuk sebesar 2.06 MPa. Kata kunci: Tegangan tekuk, Defleksi, Penyangga pipa, Hotlegreaktor AP1000. ABSTRACT APPLICATION OF MSC-PATRANTO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM RANGE SUPPORT OF PRIMARY PIPES NUCLEAR REACTOR AP1000. Pipe supports used among others, to keep the pipes from overloding the components and prevent excessive deflection. The position of the pipe support is determined by several factors, such as the presence of valves, pipe bends and the distance between the two main components of reactor. Heat transport from reactor tank to the steam generatorare performed using hotleg pipe. The purpose of this study was to determine a safe support distance limit and the angle of the pipe turn and bendingon the primary pipe of AP1000 power reactor with the outer pipe diameter of 37.5 inches, and the inner diameter of the pipe is 31 inches.The analytical method used is the computational modeling methodsusing the MSC Patran software. The calculation resultsshow that the greater the distance of the pipe support, then deflection occurs is greater. The maximum value that is quite good, andin accord to ASME standards is at a distance of 5 meter and the angle of pipe turn is 45 degree. At that distance, the maximum deflection occurs is 1.76 cm and bending stress is 2.06 MPa. Keywords: Deflection, Bending stress, Support pipes, Hotleg reactor AP1000.
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Yang, Dong, and Xiao Lu. "The Steam Pipe Network Mathematical Modeling and Flow Field Analysis of Zibo Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1081.

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As Zibo power plant original steam pipes for a long time to run, the strength decreased and resistance was large, transformation was proposed to optimize. A mathematical model of the main steam pipe network was established to analysis changes of temperature, pressure and velocity vector before and after transformation. After transformation, the loss was significantly reduced,so transformation successfully achieve the optimization, adjustment and analysis functions of the main steam pipe network.
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Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar, and Sopyan Sahid Fatuloh. "The effect of internal pressure and thickness on the creep strain of the superheater pipes." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v1i1.21.

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Superheater pipes in turbines commonly are used to produce superheated steam. Internal pressure is critical for steam superheater elements. The pipes in such applications are vulnerable to temperature environments, which can bring the component to enter the creep regime, creep deformation, or even creep fracture. In general, most of the failures in boilers are caused by creep. Creep-resistant materials used in facilities operated at high temperatures must, therefore, be able to withstand the highest possible temperature loads. This study aims to investigate the creep behaviour of a 617 alloys steel steam pipe, which operated within 100,000 hours. The temperature of steam was set at 700?C, and the pressure in the pipe was 35 MPa. Abaqus software based on the finite element method was used in the study. The effect of internal pressure and pipe thickness on the creep strains was observed. The variation of the internal pressure was 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, and 45 MPa. Whereas, the thickness variations were 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mm. The simulation results revealed that an increase in the internal pressure and the decrease of the pipe thickness increase the creep strain. This study can be used to predict the possibility of creep damaged for the superheater pipes operated at high temperatures, which have different thicknesses.
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Lu, Lin, K. Mindrov, Yike Bai, Shouqing Zheng, Feng Cai, Bao Liang Wang, and Yiwei Wu. "Design of Heat Pipe Air Preheater for 10 t/h Gas-Steam Boiler." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/91/38.

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This design is aimed at energy -saving and designed a heat pipe air preheat to recover 10T/H steam gas boiler flue heat waste heat, thereby increasing the efficiency of the boiler and reducing gas consumption. This article first introduces the thermal pipe, heat pipe heat exchange, and boiler thermal system, and then focus on the design and optimization of the heat pipe air heater. This design optimizes the thermal pipe specifications of the heat pipe air heater and the parameters of the fins. At the same time, the sealing structure, the fixed structure, and the airport structure are optimized. Subsequently, the UG software created a three -dimensional physical model model and rendering model, and finally proposed corresponding countermeasures on equipment corrosion, thermal pipe life and tube vibration problems. This design uses Excel software to make design calculation tables. Through input parameters, the results of the results of the number of thermal pipes can be obtained.
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Oh, Sebeom, Gahyun Choi, Deokhyun Lee, Myungsik Choi, and Kyungmo Kim. "Analysis of Eddy-Current Probe Signals in Steam Generator U-Bend Tubes Using the Finite Element Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020696.

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To ensure the integrity and safety of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants, eddy-current testing is periodically employed. Because steam generators are equipped with thousands of thin-walled tubes, the eddy current is tested using a bobbin probe that can be used at high speed. Steam generator heat pipes in nuclear power plants have different sizes and shapes depending on their row number. In particular, heat pipes in the first row are located inside the steam generator and are of the U-bend type because the radius of the curved pipe is the smallest. A steam generator heat pipe has a thickness of about 1 mm, so a geometrical cross-sectional area change may occur due to residual stress when manufacturing the curved pipe. It is difficult to determine an exact shape because the change in cross-sectional area generated during the manufacturing process varies depending on the position of the pipe and the distortion rate. During eddy-current testing (ECT), to ensure the integrity and safety of the steam generator tubes, the shape change of the bend may cause a noise signal, making it difficult to evaluate defects in the pipe. However, the noise signals generated in this situation are difficult to analyze in a real measurement environment, and difficult to verify by producing a mock-up, which complicates distinguishing a noise signal from a defective signal. To solve this problem, various noise signals were obtained using the electromagnetic analysis method of COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial program based on numerical analysis of the finite element method, to simulate the environment, including the change in cross-sectional area of the heat pipe. When compared to the actual measurement signal, the accuracy of the simulations improved, and various types of noise signals were detected, which may be helpful for accurate evaluations of defects during actual inspections.
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Michaud, Suzanne, Samir Ziada, and Henri Pastorel. "Acoustic Fatigue of a Steam Dump Pipe System Excited by Valve Noise." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 4 (May 23, 2001): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400741.

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The steam dump system in Gentilly Nuclear Power Plant consists of four parallel steam pipes, each of which comprises a steam control valve. Two pipes of this system experienced high-cycle fatigue damage. In-situ vibration and dynamic strain measurements were therefore conducted to identify the cause of the damage and formulate suitable counter-measures. The test results pointed to the high-frequency noise of the valve as the primary source causing the fatigue failure. By means of small-scale model tests, using a compressed air network, a new valve stem was developed, which produces a substantially lower noise level than that generated by the original valve stem. Implementing this new stem in the plant, without any other modifications in the valve body or the piping system, significantly reduced the dynamic stresses of the piping, but increased the vibration level of the valve itself. An alternative valve stem, which is a simpler version of the new design, was therefore tested and found to reduce the pipe stresses sufficiently while not increasing the level of valve vibration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

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Bakhurji, Khalid A. "Cascade control for a steam-heated double-pipe heat exchanger." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596967.

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The goal of this thesis is to create the experimental setup and the necessary instrumentation for the temperature control of a double-pipe heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, located at the Chemical Engineering Control Laboratory at the California State University, Long Beach, has been used in the past for temperature control experiments, in which the manipulated variable was the incoming water flow. In the control experiments performed for the current work, the manipulated variable is the incoming steam pressure. For this purpose cascade control has been used, with an inner loop controlling the steam pressure setpoint, and an outer loop controlling the water outlet temperature. Despite major fluctuations in the steam pressure supply and inappropriate sizing of a control valve, the experimental results show that the designed cascade control can track the temperature setpoint and reject load-induced disturbances satisfactorily. System parameters are obtained via experimental modeling through open loop experiments. A LabView-based data acquisition and control program has been written and implemented for acquiring and processing sensor outputs, and for providing control commands to the final control elements. Several controller parameter tuning methods, such as IMC, ITAE, Cohen-Coon, and Ziegler-Nichols, were implemented and evaluated experimentally through a set of performance indices.

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Pieters, Alfred Cornelius. "Whip restraint for a steam pipe rupture event on a nuclear power plant / Alfred Cornelius Pieters." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9391.

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One of the requirements of a safe nuclear power plant design is the postulation of the dynamic effects of a steam pipe rupture. The dynamic effects are the discharging fluid and pipe whip on structures, systems or components. A pipe rupture can be caused in the steam pipe system where a defect such as a crack exists. Multiple factors contribute to the initiation of pipe cracks during the plant’s life. Cracks may start microscopically small and over time, with the assistance of cyclic operation, fatigue may elongate the crack. When a steam pipe is cooled by water during an accident, steam condensate may accumulate and form slugs of water. This water will have an effect on the system termed condensation induced water hammer. The cause of the pipe rupture is not addressed in this dissertation. Pipe rupture can be considered to be either a circumferential or longitudinal break. For the purpose of this dissertation only a circumferential break will be considered. This research is based on the development of a pipe whip restraint structure to protect the plant environment during a steam pipe rupture event in a nuclear power plant. It focuses on a structural component required to restrain the dynamic energy to an acceptable level. Whip restraints used in the nuclear industry are typically honeycomb, U-bar and crush pipe types. In this dissertation only the U-bar and crush pipe whip restraints will be considered. The plant environment, with regards to pipe layout, plays a large role in determining the type of restraint to be used, whether it is U-bar or crush pipe. A whip towards the wall/structure will favor a crush pipe; a whip away from the wall/structure will favor a U-bar restraint. In this project the crush pipe is selected where the whip is towards a wall/structure. The crush pipe also represents a simpler design. First-order analysis is performed using the energy method to determine the conceptual geometry of the whipping component and the restraint geometry. Second-order analysis includes finite element analysis to verify the first-order results. In this dissertation the concept validation is done using LS-PrePost. for the pre- and post-processing while the analysis is performed using LS-DYNA ®. During the second-order analysis it was demonstrated that the energy is successfully absorbed by the crush pipe and thus the first-order analysis is considered adequate.
Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Kane, Stephen James. "Two-phase flow of water and steam in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor pipe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261438.

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Du, Preez Christiaan. "Effect of graphitization on the static mechanical properties of service exposed ASTM A516 Gr. 65 steam pipe metal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22277.

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The focus of this research project is to establish what effect graphitization has on the static mechanical properties of service exposed ASTM A516 Grade 65 steam pipe material, which operated for prolonged periods above 425 ̊C. The research study was conducted on three graphitized service exposed steam pipe weldment samples and on a newly welded and post weld heat treated sample with graphitized service exposed steam pipe material. Macro samples were removed from each of the samples at two positions and these were evaluated with regard to graphite nodule size, nearest neighbour spacing and % planar graphitization in the parent pipe and HAZ regions on either side of the welds. It was found on all of the service exposed samples that the graphite nodules of the HAZ regions have a smaller median nodule size, smaller median nearest neighbour spacing and increased % planar graphitization in comparison to the parent pipe material. The service expose parent pipe material on either side of the weldments of the respective samples was chemically analyzed. This was done with the focus being on the deoxidizing element content (Si and Al) of the respective parent pipe regions and to what extent these elements influenced the development of planar graphitization in these regions. No correlation could be identified between the level of deoxidizing elements and the levels of % planar graphitization in the parent pipe material. Tensile and Charpy impact samples were removed from the respective service exposed samples parent material on either side of the weld and from the HAZ regions on the side with the highest levels of planar graphitization. These samples were tested and the yield and ultimate tensile strength and Charpy impact toughness of the respective samples were then evaluated to establish how these static mechanical properties were influenced by the % planar graphitization. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of the service exposed material did not show a statistically significant correlation with the % planar graphitization. The Charpy impact toughness results did however show a statistically significant negative correlation towards the % planar graphitization. This was clearly evident from the results of the HAZ regions of the service exposed weldments (Samples A-C) which had the highest levels of % planar graphitization and the lowest impact toughness, while the newly welded and post weld heat treated Sample D had no planar graphitization outside the HAZ and the highest impact toughness. This research project not only investigated how planar graphitization affects the static mechanical properties of service exposed pipe material, it also investigated on a microstructural basis, how planar graphitization nucleates and grows. The microstructural investigation showed that the free carbon required for the development of planar graphitization originated from the regions outside the HAZ, which were formed when the pearlite bands were dissolved during the welding of the steam pipe. The heat input from the welding sensitized this region for the development of planar graphitization, probably due to the formation of a “carbon-rich” matrix due to the partial dissolution of the cementite precipitates. All the carbide precipitates in this region consisted of M3C. aluminium-rich precipitates were found inside newly nucleated graphite nodules, indicating its role as a possible heterogeneous nucleation site. Growth of newly formed graphite nodules showed a preference towards high-angle grain boundaries and regions with dislocations for the initial growth stages of the graphite nodules. The microstructure of the region outside the HAZ of the newly introduced seam weld on the service exposed steam pipe material (with graphitization), was also investigated using advanced electron microscopy methods and it yielded no evidence of the development of planar graphitization.
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Tossey, Brett M. "Steam Oxidation Resistance of Shot Peened Austenitic Stainless Steel Superheater Tubes." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306261300.

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Le, Kieu Hiep [Verfasser]. "Multiscale modeling of non-isothermal fluid transport in porous media : applications to loop heat pipe evaporator and superheated steam drying / Kieu Hiep Le." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1155824369/34.

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Klíma, Martin. "Návrh konstrukce trubkového svazku generátoru páry." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230296.

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Diploma thesis is focused on analisis of the steam generator tube bundle on the basis calculation by the finite elements method and softwaru ANSYS. Next it will also také account of job descriptions and methods of operation of the equipment propřed plan revision kontrol points that will be most critical. Annexes included documentary of model from the SolidWorks.
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Lobo, Carlos Alexandre O. C. (Carlos Alexandre Orosco Caelho). "Filling strategies for avoiding water hammer in steam filled pipes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14484.

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Perez-Barbante, Dezire Q'anna. "IN-PLANE CYCLIC SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF PIPE STEM REINFORCED COB WALL." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2116.

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This thesis investigates full-scale pipe stem reinforced cob walls under in-plane cyclic shear loads. Cob is the combination of clay subsoils, sand, straw and water that is built in lifts to produce monolithic walls. There is insufficient amount of information on cob as a building material in today’s age. The prior research that exists has examined varying straw content and type, water content, and mixture ratios to determine their effect on strength. There is currently one report that analyzes full-scale cob walls under in-plane loading. This thesis looks to iterate the full-scale tests and specifically studies the effect of reinforcement on cob walls. Concurrent to this research, another thesis was written that investigates a full-scale wire mesh reinforced cob wall under in-plane cyclic shear loads. From the data collected, a shear failure was suggested for the stem pipe wall. There appeared to be a large amount of ductility from the data and the cracks formed. Ductility, a seismic response modification factor (R-Factor) and stiffness were calculated using the yield point and ultimate loads.Iterations of this research and those performed in the past can be helpful in integrating cob in to the California Building Code.
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Salami, Najdat. "Gasification of Pine Wood Chips with Air-Steam in Fluidized Bed." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234253.

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Tato práce studovala vliv použití vzduchu a páry jako zplynovacího činidla ve zkapalňovacím generátoru plynu na vlastnosti vyprodukovaného plynu (oxid uhelnatý, vodík, obsah dehtu a nízká výhřevnost). Tato studie byla založena na experimentech které byly provedeny ve fluidním generátoru plynu Biofluid 100 v laboratoři Energetického ústavu technologické univerzity Brno s použitím páry jako zplynovacího činidla a borovicového dřeva jako výchozí suroviny. Cílem této dizertační práce je stanovit nejlepší provozní parametry systému při užití vodní páry a vzduchu ve zplynovacím zařízení biofluid 100, při kterých se dosáhne nejvyšší kvality plynu. K dosažení tohoto cíle bylo provedeno mnoho experimentů studujících účinky teploty reaktoru(T101), poměru páry a biomasy (S/B) poměru páry a vzduchu (S/A), teploty dodávané páry (Tf1), ekvivalentního poměru ER,ve složení vyprodukovaném plynu, výhřevnost, výtěžnost plynu, efektivnost přeměny uhlíku a účinnost zplynovače. Výsledky experimentů ukázaly, že zvýšení teploty reaktoru vede ke zvýšení obsahu vodíku a oxidu uhelnatého, výhřevnosti, výtěžnosti plynu, efektivnosti přeměny uhlíku, efektivnosti zplynovače a ke snížení obsahu dehtu. Příliš vysoká teplota reaktoru ale snižuje výhřevnost plynu. Dodáváním páry se zvýšila kvalita plynu, vyšší H_2,LHV a nižší obsah dehtu. Přesto ale nadměrné množství páry snižuje zplyňovací teplotu a tím i kvalitu plynu. Poměr páry a biomasy při kterém se dosáhne nejlepší kvality plynu se zvýší s teplotou reaktoru. Bylo zjištěno, že kdykoli byla teplota páry (Tf1) vyšší, byl plyn více kvalitní, ale zvyšování teploty páry také zvyšuje ekonomické náklady na vyprodukovaný plyn což se při masové produkci plynu musí brát v úvahu. Efekt ekvivalentního poměru ER, byl studován postupným zvyšováním, bylo zjištěno, že nejlepší ekvivalentní poměr pro dosažení nejvyšší kvality plynu byl kolem 0.29, při ER > 0.29 byl obsah hořlavého plynu snížen a to vedlo ke snížení kvality plynu. Obsah dehtu se snižuje jak zvýšením teploty reaktoru tak poměrem páry k biomase. Podle výsledků experimentů a diskuze, bylo zjištěno, že při použití směsi páry a vzduchu se kvalita plynu zvýší, parametry pro dosažení nejvyšší kvality vyprodukovaného plynu při experimentálních podmínkách jsou: T101 =829 S/B=0.67((kg steam)/(kg biomass)) ,S/A=0.67((kg steam)/(kg air)) , ER= 0.29 and a Tf1 je nejvyšší možná teplota,při které se vodík zvýší z 10.48 na 19,68% a výhřevnost z 3.99 na 5.52(MJ/m^3 ) a obsah dehtu z 1964(mg/m^3 ) na 1046(mg/m^3 ) zvýšením z 0 na 0.67 při T101=829 .
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Books on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

1

M, Tenore Frank, and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Steam and Power Committee., eds. Power piping data: A project of the Steam and Power Committee of the Engineering Division. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press, 1985.

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Frank, Sparandero, ed. Plumber steam fitter. New York, N.Y: Prentice Hall Press, 1987.

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William Sclater & Co. Price list of magnabestos sectional steam pipe and boiler coverings. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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Steamfitter-pipefitter: Apprenticeship course outline. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Advanced Education and Technology, 2008.

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(Firm), EME Group, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., Gorton Heating Corporation, and Heat-Timer Corporation, eds. Energy savings in one-pipe steam heating systems fitted with high-capacity air vents: Final report. Albany, N.Y: The Authority, 1994.

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Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Winter. First international symposium on power plant transients - 1987. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988.

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Mason, Lola E. Pipe bundle and pipe mat stream crossings. [San Dimas, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 1995.

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British Columbia. Ministry of Forests., ed. Pine stem rust management guidebook. [Victoria, B.C: Ministry of Forests], 1996.

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Marshall, Manuel J. Sugar Pine Railway memories: Recollections of a steam engineer. Sonora, CA: Tuolumne County Historical Society, 1991.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. Division of Engineering, ed. Circumferential cracking of steam generator tubes. Washington, D.C: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

1

Zhao, Jiaming, Yemin Dong, Meiling Sheng, and Yao Pi. "Steam Hammer Calculation and Study of Nuclear Island Main Steam Pipe Network." In Proceedings of The 20th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, 257–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2314-9_20.

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Pawar, Usha, and Pravin Honguntikar. "CFD Simulation of a Steam Regulating Wickless Heat Pipe." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 53–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4550-4_4.

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Wang, Zhiwei, Yanping He, Zhongdi Duan, Chao Huang, and Shiwen Liu. "Direct Contact Condensation Characteristics of Steam Injection into Cold-Water Pipe Under Rolling Condition." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 753–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_65.

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AbstractDirect contact condensation (DCC) is widely occurred in nuclear power systems and leads to undesired phenomena such as condensation-induced water hammer. For ocean nuclear power ships, DCC is inevitable in the passive heat removal system and influenced by sea conditions. In this paper, the characteristics of DCC under rolling conditions are analyzed. The numerical model of DCC is established based on computational fluid dynamics approach. The VOF model, SST k–ω turbulence model and the additional inertia force model are incorporated to describe the liquid-gas two-phase flow under the rolling motion. The condensation model based on surface renewal theory (SRT) is used to simulate steam-water DCC phenomenon. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data and show reasonable agreement. The effects of rolling motion on DCC for steam injection into a horizontal pipe filled with cold water are numerically investigated. The results show that the additional inertial forces and the average condensation rate increase with the increase of the rolling angle and frequency. The reverse flow of the seawater induced by rolling motion leads to the accumulation of the steam at the lower part of the pipe, resulting in a large pressure pulse. With the increase of rolling angle and frequency, the pressure pulse induced by DCC increases.
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Jeong, C. S., Bum Joon Kim, and Byeong Soo Lim. "Creep Characteristics and Micro-Defects of Main Steam Pipe Steel at High Temperature." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 1129–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.1129.

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Hyun, Jung Seob, Gee Wook Song, Sun Young Cho, and Young Shin Lee. "Real-Time Displacement Monitoring System for High Temperature Steam Pipe of Fossil Power Plant." In Key Engineering Materials, 2164–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.2164.

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Siva Subrahmanyam, Mendu, Imandi Aparna Devi, and Beejapu Jagadeesh. "Optimal Selection of Insulating Material for Energy Conservation in Steam Pipe Using Analytical Hierarchy Process." In Advances in Applied Mechanical Engineering, 115–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_13.

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Garashchenko, Yaroslav, Alyona Glushko, Olena Kobets, and Olena Harashchenko. "Fractal Analysis of Structural and Phase Changes in the Metal of Welded Steam Pipe Joints." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77719-7_4.

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Altenbach, Holm, and Konstantin Naumenko. "Long Term Creep Analysis of Pipe Bends in a Steam Transfer Line at Elevated Temperature." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 795–802. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.795.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Steam-Distilled Pine Oil." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 699. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11180.

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Harashchenko, Olena, Vitaly Dmytryk, Viacheslav Berezutskyi, and Tetiana Syrenko. "Metallographic Determination of the Number and Sizes of Grains Depending on Structural and Phase Changes in the Metal of Welded Steam Pipe Joints." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 384–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06025-0_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

1

Liu, Wei, and HeHui Wang. "Failure analysis of steam pipe flange gasket." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amcce-17.2017.73.

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Moody, F. J. "Vessel Steam Pipe Rupture Force on Internals." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61010.

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A postulated steam pipe rupture in a water-moderated nuclear power plant would cause a sonic discharge from the rupture and the formation of a large-amplitude step decompression, which would travel through the pipe to the reactor vessel. When the decompression arrived at the reactor, it would propagate into the vessel where it would exert decompression forces on the internal steam dryer and other surfaces. The magnitude of the decompression can be 40 bars or more when first beginning in the steam line. If the initial magnitude entered the vessel as a step, even though attenuated by expanding, damage could occur to the dryer components. However, solution of the propagation equations show that a step decompression in a compressible fluid spread as it travels so that its arrival at the vessel is a ramp disturbance in time rather than a step. This feature causes a decompression force of smaller impulse to be exerted on vessel internal structures. This study presents an analytical model for quickly estimating conservative decompression forces on a flat wall structure (like a dryer surface) inside a reactor caused by a steam line rupture. It is shown that longer steam line lengths and greater distances between the vessel wall and the dryer surface result in smaller transient load magnitudes. Also, smaller dryer surface dimensions cause the dryer force duration to be decreased.
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Yu, Pei, Jiaming Wang, Huiyun Ma, Haifeng Gu, and Changqi Yan. "Calculation and Analysis of Steam Hammer in Main Steam Pipe in HPR1000." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-17004.

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Abstract The steam hammer pressure is solved though the simplified calculation. PIPENET software is applied to model the nuclear island main steam system between the steam generator and the main steam header in HPR 1000. The transient module is used to simulate the occurrence and attenuation process of steam hammer. The maximum steam hammer pressure, the maximum steam hammer stress in the pipe system, when and where the load occurs are given. The influence of the straight pipe section length and valve closing time on the steam hammer effect is analyzed. With the other conditions unchanged, the steam hammer energy decreases as the straight pipe section shortens, or the valve closing time extends.
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Ling, Zhangwei, Min Wang, Weiyong Cai, and Ping Tang. "Influence of pipe hangers on creep damage of Main-Steam Pipe Containing Defects." In 2015 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meic-15.2015.199.

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Han Zhiyong, He Renmu, and Xu Yanhui. "Effect of steam pressure fluctuation in turbine steam pipe on stability of power system." In 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2008.4523576.

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Koki, Saito, and Watanabe Tomohiro. "Thermal Fatigue Cracking due to Intermittently Flowing Drain Water in Steam Piping." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21396.

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Abstract In a petrochemical plant, a steam leak incident happened due to a through-wall crack, which was found around the branch connection between the superheated steam pipe header and the branch pipe for the safety valve. Similar cracks had been observed in the Normally No Flow (NNF) line pipes sometimes. We decided to investigate the cause of these cracks. The crack was found along the circumferential welding line of the branch connection. According to the microfractography, the origin of the crack was internal surface of the pipe and it propagated through the thickness of the wall. Striations were observed on the fracture surface, and it showed the fatigue effect. All the NNF line pipes where the leak incidents occurred were installed upward and then connected to the horizontal pipe toward the safety valve. Infrared thermographic testing revealed that the steam drain pooled in the horizontal pipes was flowing intermittently toward the superheated steam pipe header. Cyclic thermal stress was sure to occur in the damaged area with calculation by FEM, and the cause was assumed to be thermal fatigue cracking due to intermittent dripping of drain water condensed in the NNF pipe. We decided to correct the slope of the horizontal pipe so that the drain was not pooled. Also, we checked all other NNF line pipes upwards and confirmed that there was no possibility of a similar incident due to drain in the horizontal pipe.
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Yan, Xin, Yizhi Fan, Xianyou Shang, Kun He, Jun Li, and Zhenping Feng. "Theoretical Investigations on Water Condensation in Main Steam Pipe." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69567.

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Condensation in the main steam pipe is harmful for the downstream steam turbine. If the condensation water has not been completely drained from the main pipeline, the droplet will lead to the water hammer and cause unstable operations for the power station. As a result, accurate predictions of the water condensation during the startup and stable running processes are helpful for the drainage system operations and controls. In the power station, the main pipeline consists of pipe and outside insulation layer which prevents the heat loss thus improves the thermal efficiency. In this case, complex heat transfers including heat convection, conduction and radiation occur from the water-steam side to the atmospheric environment. In the current study, by using the theoretical methods, heat transfer and water condensation rate in the main steam pipe for the nuclear power station are calculated. Firstly, heat convection from the steam to the pipe, heat conduction in the pipe and insulation layer, and natural convection outside the insulation layer are computed and analyzed based on heat transfer theory and empirical correlation expressions. Secondly, in order to visualize the wetness distributions and pressure loss, the corresponding CFD computations with equilibrium condensation model is additionally utilized. Compared to the theoretical predictions, numerical result shows the same trend of the condensation and heat transfer loss. Finally, a new theoretical method without specifying the outer wall temperature of the insulation layer is developed. It shows that this method can predict a reasonable condensation rate and is convenient for the industrial applications.
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Hegazy, Ahmed, Khaled Yousef, and Abraham Engeda. "A New Vacuum System for Steam Plant Condenser." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4898.

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Abstract In the current work, a simple and low energy consuming system is proposed for holding on the vacuum in the steam power plant system. In this system, vacuum is created at the tip of an inverted U-pipe through which water flows by siphon effect. The stream of water through this pipe is brought about from a reservoir to another one whose water surfaces are at certain height difference. This height difference along with the height of the inverted U-pipe tip defines the value of the vacuum that can be produced. At this tip, the U-pipe is linked to the discharge pipe of a compressor which draws a mixture of air, non-condensable gases and some water vapor from the steam condenser and raises their pressure a little higher than that of the inverted U-pipe tip so that the resistance of connecting pipe is overcome and the pressure at exit of this pipe is equal to that at the inverted U-pipe tip. The mixture flows along with the water down the inverted U-pipe till it leaves the pipe with the water. A thermodynamic and fluid flow analysis is developed for predicting the performance of the proposed system. The results of this analysis show that the right selection of the mass flow rates ratio of water flowing in the inverted U-pipe and air and water vapor mixture sucked by the compressor from the steam plant condenser, in the range of 25000, the height of the inverted U-pipe summit from the water level of the higher water tank greater than 9.2 m and the height difference of the water levels in the two water tanks small enough, in the range of 0.1m saves the power of vacuum system by 80% less than that consumed when using compressor alone for venting the steam plant condenser.
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Basavaraju, Chakrapani, and Ronald C. Fox. "Temperature Attenuation Along Pipe Support Stanchions." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1262.

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High temperature steam lines in power plant piping systems are often supported by the use of pipe support stanchions welded to the steam pipe. The end of the pipe stanchion has a steel plate welded to it, which typically slides on rack steel. For vertical and guide supports, there could be considerable thermal movement in the lateral unrestrained directions, and could result in significant frictional loads. The associated frictional loads are given due consideration in piping local stress evaluations as well as in the design of pipe support structures. For some situations, it often becomes necessary to utilize a teflon-fluorogold type surface at the stanchion end plate in order to reduce the coefficient of friction and hence the frictional loads. The effectiveness of the teflon-fluorogold surface is dependent on the prevailing temperature at that surface. In situations where the stanchions on very high temperature steam lines arc relatively short, the temperature at the teflon surface of the stanchion plate could be high due to heat transfer from the steam line into the stanchion. This high temperature at the bottom surface of the stanchion plate may interfere with sliding and may eventually lead to unanticipated problems such as sticking, increase in the coefficient of friction, or unpredictable frictional behavior. In this paper, finite element analysis approach is utilized to perform heat transfer analysis and to obtain steady state temperature distribution due to decay or attenuation from the steam line surface along the stanchion. The temperature prevailing at the bottom plate surface of the stanchion is also evaluated and guidelines are provided for practical application of the results.
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Kim, Hyeon Su, Sehwan Jeong, Dong Ju Lee, Ha Geun Kim, and Sang Beom Shin. "Design of Lateral Tee for Steam Pipe in Power Plants." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-46006.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design verification of the welded type 45° lateral tee for the steam pipe in power plants. For it, first, the stress analysis was carried out under design condition in accordance with ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2 in order to evaluate the possible occurrence of plastic collapse and local failure. And next, the creep-fatigue damage analysis was performed under the normal operating condition in accordance with ASME Sec. III Subsection NH considering the service temperature of 566°C. From the results, it was found that the welded type 45° lateral tee satisfies the design criteria corresponding to the plastic collapse and the local failure. However, it has a probability of creep rupture during the design life due to the high stress localized in the crotch region. Therefore, a welded type 90° lateral tee was also evaluated with the same analysis procedures to consider the influence of the geometry at the crotch region. Based on the results, the welded type 90° lateral tee satisfies the design criteria of the plastic collapse, local failure and the creep-fatigue strength. This result indicated that an optimal shape design of the crotch region shall be required in order to secure the creep strength of the welded type 45° lateral tee having high service temperature.
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Reports on the topic "STEAM PIPE"

1

Andrews, Nathan, and Fred Gelbard. A Note on Aerosol Removal by Gravitational Settling in a Horizontal Steam Pipe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762037.

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Williams, C., and J. Swenson. Balancing single pipe steam heating systems: An opportunity for energy conservation in the multi-family market. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5957506.

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Fondeur, F., M. Michael Poirier, and S. Samuel Fink. ESTIMATION OF THE TEMPERATURE RISE OF A MCU ACID STREAM PIPE IN NEAR PROXIMITY TO A SLUDGE STREAM PIPE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/917511.

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He, Xihua. PR-015-113601-Z01 Enhancement and Validation of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines-Phase 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010804.

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This study collected and analyzed more field data to enhance the probabilistic model for predicting internal corrosion threats in nominally dry natural gas pipelines developed previously, especially in the region where the internal corrosion risk is higher. The Excel� tool developed previously was also updated with the enhanced model for predicting internal corrosion risk based on basic operating conditions, (i.e., average gas operating temperature, seasonal gas operating temperature amplitude, and operating pressure). In this project, a general-purpose Excel tool was created to allow calculation of residual hydrotest water evaporation time for one or more liquid water pools located in low spots in the pipeline based on water volume, pipe low spot geometry, and gas flow conditions. Another Excel tool also was developed to predict water stream length when gas from the inlet branch line at higher temperature injects water stream into the main gas transmission pipeline and the time to reach steady state condition before the water is completely evaporated for many types of pipeline scenarios.
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He, Xihua. PR015-183601-Z01 Enhancement of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines for Dry Natural Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011607.

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This study collected and analyzed more field data to enhance the probabilistic model for predicting internal corrosion threats in nominally dry natural gas pipelines developed previously, especially in the region where the internal corrosion risk is higher. The Excel� tool developed previously was also updated with the enhanced model for predicting internal corrosion risk based on basic operating conditions, (i.e., average gas operating temperature, seasonal gas operating temperature amplitude, and operating pressure). In this project, a general-purpose Excel tool was created to allow calculation of residual hydrotest water evaporation time for one or more liquid water pools located in low spots in the pipeline based on water volume, pipe low spot geometry, and gas flow conditions. Another Excel tool also was developed to predict water stream length when gas from the inlet branch line at higher temperature injects water stream into the main gas transmission pipeline and the time to reach steady state condition before the water is completely evaporated for many types of pipeline scenarios.
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McCurdy, M. W., and R. J. McNeil. Geochemical data from stream silts and surface waters in the Pine Point Mining District, Northwest Territories (NTS 85-B). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293913.

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McClenaghan, M. B., W. A. Spirito, S. J. A. Day, M. W. McCurdy, and R. J. McNeil. Overview of GEM surficial geochemistry and indicator mineral surveys and case studies in northern Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330473.

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As part of the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program between 2008 and 2020, the Geological Survey of Canada carried out reconnaissance-scale to deposit-scale geochemical and indicator mineral surveys and case studies across northern Canada. In these studies, geochemical methods were used to determine the concentrations of 65 elements in lake sediment, stream sediment, stream water, lake water and till samples across approximately 1,000,000 km2 of northern Canada. State-of the-art indicator methods were used to examine the indicator mineral signatures in regional-scale stream sediment and till surveys. This research identified areas with anomalous concentrations of elements and/or indicator minerals that are indicative of bedrock mineralization, developed new mineral exploration models and protocols, trained a new generation of geoscientists and transferred knowledge to northern communities. The most immediate impact of the GEM surveys has been the stimulation of mineral exploration in Canada's north, focussing exploration efforts into high mineral potential areas identified in GEM regional-scale surveys. Regional- and deposit-scale studies demonstrated how transport data (till geochemistry, indicator minerals) and ice flow indicator data can be used together to identify and understand complex ice flow and glacial transport. Detailed studies at the Izok Lake, Pine Point, Strange Lake, Amaruq deposits and across the Great Bear Magmatic Zone demonstrate new suites of indicator minerals that can now be used in future reconnaissance- and regional-scale stream sediment and till surveys across Canada.
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McClenaghan, M. B., W. A. Spirito, S. J. A. Day, M. W. McCurdy, R. J. McNeil, and S. W. Adcock. Overview of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program surficial geochemistry and indicator-mineral surveys and case studies in northern Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331421.

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As part of the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program, which ran from 2008 to 2020, the Geological Survey of Canada carried out reconnaissance-scale to deposit-scale geochemical and indicator-mineral surveys and case studies across northern Canada. In these studies, geochemical methods were used to determine the concentrations of 65 elements in lake-sediment, lake-water, stream-sediment, stream-water, and till samples across approximately 1 000 000 km2 of northern Canada. State-of the-art methods were used to examine the indicator-mineral signatures identified through regional-scale stream-sediment and till surveys. As a result of this research, areas with anomalous concentrations of elements and/or indicator minerals that are indicative of bedrock mineralization were identified, new mineral exploration models and protocols were developed, a new generation of geoscientists was trained, and knowledge was transferred to northern communities. The most immediate impact of the GEM surveys has been the stimulation of mineral exploration in Canada's north, with exploration efforts being focused on high mineral-potential areas identified in GEM regional-scale surveys. Regional- and deposit-scale studies demonstrated how transport data (till geochemistry, indicator minerals) and ice-flow indicator data can be used together to identify and understand complex ice flow and glacial transport. Detailed studies at the Izok Lake, Pine Point, Strange Lake, and Kiggavik deposits, and across the Great Bear magmatic zone, demonstrate new suites of indicator minerals that can now be used in future reconnaissance- and regional-scale stream-sediment and till surveys across Canada.
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9

McClenaghan, M. B., N. M. Oviatt, S. A. Averill, R. C. Paulen, S A Gleeson, R. J. McNeil, M W McCurdy, S. Paradis, and J M Rice. Indicator mineral abundance data for bedrock, till and stream sediment samples from the Pine Point Mississippi Valley-Type Zn-Pb deposits, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292121.

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10

Iseley, D. T., and D. H. Cowling. L51697 Obstacle Detection to Facilitate Horizontal Directional Drilling. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010134.

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Abstract:
The horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technique is specially suited for pipeline crossings of waterways, beaches, roads, vulnerable natural regions, railroads and airports. The HDD method is a two-stage process consisting of navigating a drill stem underground along a predetermined design route and the pulling back of the product pipe through the prepared hole. One of the major problems faced in HDD projects is subsurface exploration and locating of existing underground obstacles. HDD equipment must avoid these obstacles if at all possible. This study was conducted to: 1. Determine the state-of-the-art for obstacle detection in horizontal directional drilling technology. 2. Examine all possible techniques for obstacle detection. 3. Evaluate the most promising and suitable techniques for further development. 4. Determine further work necessary to reach a 100-foot (30 m) target. 5. Make recommendations for HDD contractors.
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