Relevant bibliographies by topics / Statut social – Chine

Academic literature on the topic 'Statut social – Chine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

1

Xiangyu 胡祥雨, Hu. "Sex, Status, and the Normalization of the Law." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 500–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0007.

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When the Qing court adjudicated illicit sex cases involving imperial clansmen, a clear distinction was made between the nature of the crime and the applicability of punishment. This distinction reveals an imbalance in the way law was normalized in Qing China. Definitions of illicit sexual behavior reflected a relatively uniform standard that applied to different social statuses and ethnicities, while punishment for offenders was often differentiated and proved to be much more closely related to social standing. Thus, in terms of their behavior, imperial clansmen were generally subject to the same legal liability as the rest of the population, but when it came to punishment their status was emphasized, and consequently they often enjoyed special legal privilege. Lorsque la cour des Qing jugeait des cas de crimes sexuels impliquant des membres du clan impérial, elle faisait clairement la distinction entre la nature du délit et l’application de la peine. Cette distinction révèle un déséquilibre dans le processus de normalisation du droit dans la Chine des Qing. La définition des comportements sexuels illicites reflétait la norme relativement uniforme s’appliquant à différents statuts sociaux et différents groupes ethniques; en revanche les peines infligées aux coupables étaient volontiers différenciées et s’avéraient dépendre beaucoup plus de leur situation sociale. Ainsi, du point de vue de leurs comportements les membres du clan impérial étaient en général tenus pour légalement responsables de la même façon que le reste de la population, alors que lorsqu’il s’agissait de leur appliquer des sanctions on faisait valoir leur statut, si bien qu’ils bénéficiaient souvent de privilèges légaux.
2

Drevet, Jean-François. "L’Europe face au retour des blocs." Futuribles N° 455, no. 4 (June 16, 2023): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.455.0087.

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Comme l’a montré à plusieurs reprises Jean-François Drevet dans ses dernières chroniques, le retour de la guerre sur le Vieux Continent place l’Union européenne face à de nouveaux défis et, surtout, face à elle-même : ses choix politiques, les valeurs qu’elle promeut et s’efforce de défendre, ses alliances… Tout ce qui a été pas à pas institué depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, dans une optique de coopération économique (initialement basée sur l’énergie) et de maintien de la paix, se trouve aujourd’hui menacé, et c’est à une situation de confrontation de blocs antagonistes qu’elle doit désormais faire face. Tout autour de l’Union, la démocratie semble reculer : les printemps arabes ont fait long feu, la Turquie reste sous la coupe d’un président autoritaire, la Russie avance ses pions en Ukraine et rallie d’autres pays contestant les valeurs occidentales (Chine incluse) ; les sanctions économiques ont des conséquences palpables pour les citoyens européens (crise énergétique, inflation…) ; le défi migratoire demeure, etc. Comme le montre ici Jean-François Drevet, la donne a changé et l’Union doit rapidement revoir sa copie en matière de coopération avec ses périphéries. Son statut particulier sur l’échiquier mondial et ses valeurs humanitaires demeurent des atouts, mais sans agilité diplomatique ni révision de sa stratégie à l’international, elle risque de perdre tout crédit — au risque de se torpiller elle-même ? S.D.
3

Kirkegaard, Emil O. W. "Admixture and Social Status in Chile." Mankind Quarterly 62, no. 4 (2022): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.2022.62.4.3.

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4

MANOLACHE, Lt Ionela Cătălina. "Relația dintre China și organizațiile internaționale generatoare de securitate." Buletinul Universității Naționale de Apărare „Carol I” 12, no. 3 (October 9, 2023): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2065-8281-23-38.

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La momentul actual, mediul internațional se caracterizează prin complexitate. Securitatea globală este amenințată de numeroși factori, iar organizații specifice, precum NATO, OSCE sau ONU, depun eforturi pentru eliminarea sau minimizarea acestor provocări. Un element important în acest sens îl constituie evoluția economică a statelor. Supremația economică aduce cu sine avantaje și în alte domenii de dezvoltare, precum cel politic, social sau militar. China este statul care a surprins întreaga lume prin capacitatea sa de evoluție pe plan economic, devenind un actor important în domeniu într-un timp relativ scurt. Acest statut îi oferă atât beneficii, cât și numeroase obligații, printre care aceea de a coopera cu organizațiile de securitate în vederea dezvoltării unui climat de pace la nivel internațional. Tocmai de aceea statul chinez trebuie să mențină o bună relație cu aceste organizații și să depună eforturi pentru a genera securitatea proprie, dar și pe cea colectivă, asigurând un climat de pace și fiind un exemplu pentru alte structuri.
5

Song, Lijun. "Social Capital, Social Cost, and Relational Culture in Three Societies." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 443–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272520939880.

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Does who you know in the status hierarchy satisfy or dissatisfy your life? Does that effect vary by culture and society? To addresses these two questions, this study applies four theories and analyzes the association between accessed status (network members’ status) and life satisfaction using nationally representative retrospective data from three societies (the United States, urban China, and Taiwan). Social capital theory expects absolute and relative higher accessed status (network members’ higher status relative to individuals’) to improve life satisfaction and relative lower accessed status to diminish life satisfaction. Social cost theory asserts the opposite. The collectivistic advantage explanation anticipates social capital theory to apply more to urban China and Taiwan than social cost theory and social cost theory to apply more to the United States than social capital theory. The collectivistic disadvantage explanation predicts the opposite. This study measures nine indicators of absolute and relative accessed status on the occupational dimension and six domain-specific satisfactions. Results support both social capital theory and social cost theory in all three societies. There is tentative evidence for the collectivistic disadvantage explanation across the three societies. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
6

Terekhova, Maria A. "Social Status of Widows in Qing Dynasty." Oriental Courier, no. 1-2 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310015728-8.

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The chastity cult in Qing China caused a striking ambiguity of widows’ status. They were praised and honored. Widow’s status became a symbol of the elite when a woman had enough financial freedom to protect her virtue and not to remarry. Their lives were described in the biographies and local gazetteers as Confucian legends about dignity. But no political agenda could mitigate the bitterness and hardships of a woman who lost her husband in the imperial times. The article analyzes the bilateral nature of widowhood in the Qing dynasty: governmental proclamations, juridical formulations, and widows’ biographies written by gentry, on the one hand, and women’s inner perception of chastity that we read between the lines in the legal documents. How did the concept of fidelity glorified in the law relate to real-life practices? The paper summarizes that state politics and the law often contradicted reality that detracted from women’s internal sense of morality and women’s personal meaning-making the chastity cult in Qing China.
7

Ling, Cao, and Zhu Shisong. "The status and prospects of the social work researches in China in the last 20 years." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 6-1 (June 1, 2023): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202306statyi14.

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Rarick, Jason R. D., Carly Tubbs Dolan, Wen-Jui Han, and Jun Wen. "Relations Between Socioeconomic Status, Subjective Social Status, and Health in Shanghai, China." Social Science Quarterly 99, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12360.

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Wright, Michelle F., and Sebastian Wachs. "Popularity, social preference, and social behaviors: the moderation of social status goals." Psychology, Society & Education 14, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/psye.v14i3.15149.

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This study investigated the associations between attained status and adolescents’ social behaviors, as well as the moderating effects of social status goals, culture, and gender. Participants were 1,267 adolescents (Mage = 13.36; 49% girls overall) from China (n = 667) and the United Sates (n = 600). Social status goals, relational and overt aggression, and prosocial behaviors were self-reported, whereas popularity and social preference were peer reported. The findings suggest that the relationships between popularity and relational aggression and overt aggression were stronger when adolescents endorsed high popularity goals, whereas this relationship was weaker when these adolescents endorsed high social preference goals. For prosocial behaviors, these associations were stronger when adolescents endorsed high social preference goals, but lower when they endorsed high popularity goals. The patterns for social preference were stronger for Chinese adolescents, while the relationships for popularity were stronger for American adolescents. No moderation effects were found for gender. These findings indicate the need to consider the cultural context when examining adolescents’ social status and the associated social behaviors.
10

Chen, Yunsong, and Mark Williams. "Subjective Social Status in Transitioning China: Trends and Determinants." Social Science Quarterly 99, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 406–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12401.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Statut social – Chine' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

1

Liao, Hehui. "Les situations locales engendrées par les bouleversements actuels de l’espace régional pékinois." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100023.

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Le gradualisme de la réforme chinoise et le dualisme des systèmes économiques sont les produits d’un compromis entre la conservation d’anciens systèmes politiques et le lancement de nouveaux systèmes économiques. Cette thèse est consacrée à l’observation des répercussions sociales et individuelles des bouleversements en cours dans la région urbaine de Pékin. Nous avons sélectionné, sur dix terrains, dix groupes humains dont les cinq premiers sont "perdants" et les cinq autres "gagnants", au moins sur le plan matériel. Les "perdants" ont des sorts différents en fonction de leur statut : les ouvriers sont précarisés en raison de la faillite de nombreuses entreprises étatiques, les paysans privés d’indemnités face à l’urbanisation de leurs terres, les paysans ouvriers spoliés de leurs droits sociaux sur les lieux où ils travaillent, etc. Les "gagnants" matériels, classe moyenne émergente, connaissent une crise morale due à un brouillage des valeurs et des fins. Dans le maelström urbain, perdants et gagnants sont confrontés à la complicité des promoteurs immobiliers et des gouvernements locaux, à la connivence des trafiquants et des grandes entreprises, etc. La loi est peu respectée, et la non-indépendance du système judiciaire est sans doute l’un des principaux problèmes de la Chine d’aujourd’hui
The gradualism of Chinese reform and the dualism of economic systems are the products of a compromise between the old political systems and the new economic systems. This thesis is devoted to the observation of social and individual repercussions stemming from the present upheavals in the urban region of Beijing. We selected ten human groups on ten pieces of land: the first five groups are "losers" and the other five groups are "winners", at least materially. The "losers" have different fates in accordance with their status: precarious workers because of the bankruptcy of many public enterprises, peasants deprived of their allowance confronted with the urbanization of their lands, the peasant workers deprived of their social rights on the places where they work, etc. The material "winners", emergent middle class, undergo a moral crisis coming from an interference of values and purposes. In the urban maelstrom, losers and winners are faced with the complicity between house developers and local governments, the complicity between traffickers and large-scale enterprises, etc. The law is hardly respected, and the not-independence of judicial system is no doubt one of the principal problems of China today
2

Faullimmel, Matthieu. "L'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs. Séquence et développement dans le cas de la Chine contemporaine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL197.

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Cette recherche vise à expliquer et comprendre le déroulement de l'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs, de l'action de quelques-uns à l'adoption collective, voire l'institutionnalisation d'un marché de la nouveauté. Les historiens établissent un lien fort entre le développement de l'adoption de la nouveauté et celui de nouvelles strates intermédiaires. La Chine des années 2010 offre un cas d'étude idéal. La comparaison historique permet de formuler l'hypothèse de dynamiques statutaires différentes en Europe et en Chine, et d'une régulation différente des statuts. Une matrice contextuelle expliquant l'adoption est construite et appliquée aux modèles de seuils pour définir des séquences typiques conduisant à l'adoption collective de la nouveauté. Plusieurs réseaux de jeunes adoptants de nouvelles technologies diplômés du supérieur sont suivis entre 2010 et 2015 au moyen d'entretiens individuels approfondis (video-chat, échanges informels et recoupement de sources digitales). L'analyse montre l'existence de chaînes d'adoption, et met en lumière le rôle de relayeurs de la nouveauté. Elle permet de décrire deux séquences typiques de passage à l'adoption collective en restituant la significativité des contextes dans lesquels adoptant et relayeur s'apparient. Les récits d'adoption sont resitués dans le contexte de l'évolutions des carrières professionnelles et conjugales. Ils permettent de comprendre le lien entre adoption et nouvelles strates intermédiaires. Ces dernières sont porteuses de différentes visions de la nouveauté marchande et de la modernisation. Le contexte de réformes et de transition chinois d'après 1978 apparaît comme un lieu favorable à cette double configuration
The purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration
3

Huang, Yuchen. "Meritocracy and Redistribution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0022.

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Cette thèse de doctorat explore la relation entre la croyance en la méritocratie et la demande de redistribution, en mettant l’accent sur la Chine. Elle remet en question l’hypothèse courante de la littérature selon laquelle les résultats liés à l’effort sont considérés comme justes et ne nécessitent pas de redistribution, tandis que ceux liés aux circonstances et chances sont perçus comme injustes et justifient la redistribution.Dans le premier chapitre, à partir de données d’enquêtes internationales, je constate que de telles préférences se trouvent principalement dans les pays Occidentaux, Éduqués, Industrialisés, Riches et Démocratiques (WEIRD), en particulier les nations anglo-saxonnes et protestantes européennes. Une corrélation positive entre la croyance en le rôle de l’effort dans la réussite et la demande de redistribution est répandue dans les pays en dehors du monde développé occidental, où plus on croit que l’effort paye, plus on désire la redistribution. Le deuxième chapitre, co-écrit avec Yuqian Nora Chen et Zhexun Mo, présente une expérience d’enquête auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de chinois, où les répondants réduisent significativement leur demande de redistribution lorsqu’ils voient des exemples de personnes devenant riches par des moyens non forcément méritocratiques mais représentatifs de la période de transition du marché. Une enquête subsidiaire confirme que les répondants ne considèrent pas ces exemples comme des signes de capacité personnelle extraordinaire ou d’inefficacité gouvernementale. Nous concluons que ces exemples représentant les chanceux de la transition bénéficient d’une grande légitimité parmi les chinois pour deux raisons potentielles : l’équité relative par rapport à l’inégalité politique avant la réforme et l’intérêt personnel pour l’ensemble de la population à justifier le gain dans le processus de transition.Le troisième chapitre, co-écrit avec Margot Belguise et Zhexun Mo, discute l’une des raisons potentielles d’une telle préférence dans le cas de la Chine : une forte conformité au statu quo. Nous revisitons un résultat expérimental récent par Almås et al. (2021) où le peuple chinois semble ne pas faire la différence entre les inégalités basées sur le mérite et la chance. Nous proposons que ce phénomène pourrait être dû à une plus grande adhésion du public chinois au statu quo, ce qui conduit à une préférence apparemment faible pour la redistribution à la fois lorsque l’inégalité est due à l’effort et à la chance. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une expérience de redistribution incitative avec des étudiants d’universités d’élite en Chine et en France, en faisant varier la répartition initiale des gains entre deux travailleurs réels à redistribuer. Nous montrons que les répondants chinois choisissent de manière cohérente et significative plus de non-redistribution (en jouant le statu quo) dans les deux scénarios de statu quo très inégal et relativement égal que nos répondants français ; et que les répondants chinois qui s’éloignent du statu quo font la différence entre les inégalités basées sur le mérite et la chance. Notamment, nos résultats montrent que la conformité des individus chinois au statu quo est particulièrement prononcée chez ceux issus de familles de classe ouvrière et agricole, tandis qu’elle est remarquablement absente chez les individus dont les familles travaillent le secteur privé
This PhD dissertation studies the relationship between belief in meritocracy and demand for redistribution with survey and experimental data and with a particular focus on China. Specifically, the dissertation revisits a commonly used assumption in the literature which equates the differences in results due to effort or personal responsibility with fairness and un-redistributability, and those due to circumstances or luck with unfairness and demand for redistribution.In the first chapter I use cross-national survey data to explore whether the assumption of meritocratic preference hold across the world. I found that that such preferences these preferences are mainly, if not only, found in Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries, especially Anglo-Saxon and Protestant European natiions. A positive correlation between belief in the role of effort in success and demand for redistribution is widespread in countries outside of the western developed world, where the more one believes that effort pays off, the more he or she desires redistribution.The second chapter, co-authored with Yuqian Nora Chen and Zhexun Mo, is a survey experiment with a representative sample of China citizens which shows that the respondents significantly reduces their demand for redistribution when they see examples of people getting rich via non-meritocratic ways that are representative of the market transition period. A subsidiary survey further confirms that the respondents do not understand these examples as signs of personal ability or governmental inefficiency. We conclude that those examples representing the lucky few in the transition process enjoy a high legitimacy among the Chinese respondents for two potential reasons: relative fairness compared to pre-reform politically manufactured inequality and a self-interest motivation for the whole population to justify the gain in the transition process.The third chapter, co-authored with Margot Belguise and Zhexun Mo, discusses one of the potential reasons of such preference, at least in the case of China: a strong status quo conformity. We revisit a recent experimental result by Almås et al. (2021) where the Chinese people appear to not differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. We propose that this phenomenon might be due to the Chinese public’s greater adherence towards the status quo which lead to a seemingly low preference for redistribution both when inequality is due to effort and due to luck. In order to test this hypothesis, we run an incentivized redistribution experiment with elite university students in China and France, by varying the initial split of payoffs between two real-life workers to redistribute from. We show that Chinese respondents consistently and significantly choose more non- redistribution (playing the status quo) across both highly unequal and relatively equal status quo scenarios than our French respondents; and that the Chinese respondents who move away from status quo do differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. Notably, our findings show that Chinese individuals’ conformity to the status quo is particularly pronounced among those from families of working-class and farming backgrounds, while it is conspicuously absent among individuals whose families have closer ties to the private sector
4

Meng, Fang. "Current public relations status in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1450865.

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5

Law, Man-shing, and 羅萬成. "Social status and friendship patterns among students with learning difficulties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957973.

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Chan, Wai, and 陳衛. "Social indicators for health in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975689.

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Li, Dian S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Social status and governmental trust : a study of civil society organizations in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62469.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Previously, two extreme points describe civil society organizers' intention to engage with the government. Western modernization theories suggest that all civil society organizations oppose the state; and State-dominant theories claim that all the civil society groups depend on the state and support the state. Based on my two months' fieldwork in Guangzhou City between May and July 2010, however, I find that some civil society organizations support the state while other groups oppose the state. Specifically, elite civil society organizations, which are established by people with mid or high social status, have more contacts with the government and show low trust in the government. On the other hand, non-elite civil society organizations, which are established by people with low social status, have fewer contacts with the government and show their willingness to engage with the government. This conclusion is valid in both the public good provision organizations and the advocacy groups. Four case studies of civil society groups in Guangzhou are used to illustrate the points above.
by Dian Li.
S.M.
8

Rodríguez, Navarrete Yuri. "Cambios socio espaciales y morfológicos en una comuna de alto status social del Gran Santiago : el caso de Vitacura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113278.

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Geógrafo
Desde la década de los ochenta hasta la actualidad, Santiago de Chile y específicamente el sector nororiente de la ciudad han sufrido un cambio significativo en su extensión y fisonomía. En este contexto el territorio de Vitacura ha tenido que enfrentar un cambio en sus características socioespaciales y urbanas las cuales tuvieron una modificación en los patrones demográficos comunales Así los usos y la edificación se han visto influenciados por la cercanía al distrito comercial y de negocios del área oriente de la ciudad, mostrando un patrón de distribución de las edificaciones en altura en torno a las principales avenidas, lo mismo que las actividades comerciales y de servicios, lo cual se ha presentado de manera paulatina en el tiempo pero intensificada en períodos de boom económico. Producto de esta dinámica, la comuna ha ido adquiriendo una morfología urbana y estructura socio espacial que muestra una tendencia a la diversificación en la estructura edificatoria y una transformación de las funciones residenciales únicas, a una situación de servicios de alto standard.
9

Malig, Velasco Joaquín Tomás. "Protocolo de evaluación temprana del impacto de los emprendimientos sociales del área startup de Socialab." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131661.

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Ingeniero Civil Industrial
Socialab es una plataforma de emprendimientos sociales disruptivos, que busca generar soluciones a problemáticas asociadas a la pobreza y la desigualdad a través de la co-creación y el trabajo en red con los distintos actores de la sociedad. Surge a partir de Un Techo para Chile y actualmente, independizado, cuenta con 3 líneas de acción; Concursos, Consultorías a empresas para promover I+D y por último, el área Startup. En esta última línea de acción, Socialab integra a emprendedores en un ecosistema de innovación y emprendimiento social, facilitando el desarrollo de proyectos con valor compartido y la validación de su impacto. Cada emprendedor recibe articulación, espacio de trabajo en conjunto, apoyo comunicacional, redes de contacto y metodología para convertir su proyecto en una empresa social. Actualmente, esta área cuenta con un mecanismo de pre-evaluación para los proyectos que considera aspectos como la sustentabilidad, escalabilidad, cuán disruptiva es la innovación, evaluación del equipo de emprendedores y por último, impacto social del proyecto. Sin embargo, es un sistema de evaluación deficiente, por lo poco riguroso de su aplicación, inexistencia de indicadores -en particular para el impacto social de los proyectos- y además, escaso seguimiento de los mismos. De esta manera, el presente Trabajo de Título consiste en una investigación de diversas metodologías de evaluación de proyectos y posteriormente, una definición de un Protocolo de evaluación temprana de impacto de los emprendimientos sociales del área Startup de Socialab . Dicho Protocolo combina herramientas de evaluación de impacto y herramientas de evaluación teórica de proyecto. Consiste en los 6 siguientes pasos: (1) Conceptualización del Startup, (2) Operacionalización de los Indicadores, (3) Definición de Línea de Base, (4) Definición de Línea de Startup, (5) Cálculo de Contraste y (6) Estimación de Impacto. De esta manera, este Protocolo de evaluación temprana de impacto permitirá priorizar y justificar el uso de recursos de Socialab en los diversos proyectos incubados en su área Startup. Finalmente, este Protocolo fue implementado en el Startup Algramo, dedicado al vending de productos de la canasta básica, a través de dispensadores ubicados en almacenes de barrio. La propuesta de estos emprendedores es lograr ofrecer productos a granel, a bajo precio a las familias y con políticas de un comercio justo a los almaceneros. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, destaca el hecho de que el formato de venta de Algramo es una opción viable para solucionar el llamado castigo de la pobreza , generando disminuciones en los precios de ventas de productos a escasas familias de hasta 40%, logrando una relación sustentable con los almaceneros tanto en calidad de servicio (menor carga laboral, buenos estándares de higiene de los productos) cómo en eficiencia (mayores rentabilidades porcentuales de hasta un 10,8% de diferencia).
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Saksena, Michelle J. "Three Essays on the Social Science of Obesity." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405893684.

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Books on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

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Lincot, Emmanuel. La figure de l'artiste et le statut de son oeuvre en Chine contemporaine. Paris, France: You Feng, 2009.

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Clunas, Craig. Superfluous things: Material culture and social status in early modern China. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 1991.

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Clunas, Craig. Superfluous things: Material culture and social status in early modern China. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.

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Rahman, Farhana Haque. The status of rural women in China. Rome, Italy: IFAD, 1995.

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Bossler, Beverly Jo. Powerful relations: Kinship, status, & the state in Sung China (960-1279). Cambridge, Mass: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1998.

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Yao, Shumei. Korea's FDI in China: Status and perspectives. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2003.

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Hsu, Carolyn L. Creating market socialism: How ordinary people are shaping class and status in China. Durham, [N.C.]: Duke University Press, 2007.

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M, Cheung Fanny, ed. Engendering Hong Kong society: A gender perspective of women's status. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1997.

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Contardo, Óscar. Siútico: Arribismo, abajismo y vida social en Chile. Barcelona: Vergara, Grupo Zeta, 2008.

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Kevin, Lane. Sovereignty and the status quo: The historical roots of China's Hong Kong policy. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

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Posner, Paul W. "Social Welfare Reform and Impediments to Social Cohesion and Collective Action." In State, Market, and Democracy in Chile, 123–57. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230611962_6.

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Han, Xiaoyan, Guo Guo, and Wen-Jui Han. "The Development and Current Status of the Social Work Profession in China." In Transformative Social Work Practice, 485–98. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506304533.n38.

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Saich, Tony. "Providing Social Welfare: States, Markets, and Civil Society." In Providing Public Goods in Transitional China, 185–207. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230615434_8.

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Hailong, Wu. "Regional difference in the change of the social status of the elders." In Northern and Southern China, 228–56. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003182757-13.

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Majumdar, Koustab, Manoj Raul, and Dipankar Chatterjee. "Social Status and Subjective Well-Being of Tribal Elderly: A Narrative Discourse." In Social Welfare in India and China, 191–209. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5648-7_11.

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Gao, Yong, and Ying Wu. "1949—1978: Social Integration and Mass Mobilization." In The State and Society of China, 19–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6662-7_2.

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Yu, Hui. "Restructuring habitus and social inclusion in school." In Migrant Children in State/Quasi-state Schools in Urban China, 110–25. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003220596-7.

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Gao, Yong, and Ying Wu. "Enforcement of State Ability and Stimulation of Social Vitality." In The State and Society of China, 173–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6662-7_6.

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Zhu, Sijie, and Jia Wang. "Policy Evaluation Research in China: Status and Prospects." In Proceedings of the 2022 5th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2022), 872–77. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-89-3_102.

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Li, Jian, Meng Zhao, and Caiyun Xu. "Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in China." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 497–534. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_24.

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AbstractThe reform of China’s social welfare system, the development of civil society, and the prosperity of corporate social responsibility have nourished the seeds of social enterprises in China, while the introduction of international social enterprise concepts has inspired social enterprises to take root. There are no legal forms specifically designed for social enterprise. Therefore, social enterprises have to adopt a legal status with one of the existing legal forms, such as enterprises, civil nonenterprise units, and specialized farmers’ cooperatives, and they are regulated and protected by the laws and regulations related to them. Also, the identity of social enterprises is given through the B Corp certification system or the indigenous certification system. Although the Chinese government is still cautious about formulating specific social enterprise laws and policies at the national level, there have been breakthroughs in local governments’ supportive attitudes and actions toward social enterprises. From a macroperspective, the state’s emphasis on the participation of market forces in public services and the introduction of China’s innovative policies in areas such as rural revitalization, elderly care, and so on have a positive impact on the practice of social entrepreneurship.

Conference papers on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

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Jinbo, Liu. "THE PERCEPTION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE U. S. SOUTH CHINA SEA POLICY DURING THE EVENTS HAPPENED IN THE REGION BEFORE THE COLDWAR." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpur. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.292293.

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The South China Sea policy of the United States after World War II was formed by the United States’ perception of the three events in the South China Sea before the Cold War. After events such as France’s occupation of the nine small islands in the South China Sea, Japan’s occupation of the South China Sea, and the struggle against Japan during the Pacific War, the United States has continuously deepened its understanding of the South China Sea and increasingly valued its important value. With Japan's gradual retreat in the later stages of World War II, the United States gradually gained control of the South China Sea and took a dominant position in the South China Sea dispute. With the continuous deepening of the United States' understanding of the South China Sea and the changes in its identity, status, and interests in the South China Sea region, the U.S. South China Sea policy has gradually taken shape.
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Jinbo, Liu. "THE PERCEPTION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE U. S. SOUTH CHINA SEA POLICY DURING THE EVENTS HAPPENED IN THE REGION BEFORE THE COLDWAR." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpur. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icstr.2024.292293.

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The South China Sea policy of the United States after World War II was formed by the United States’ perception of the three events in the South China Sea before the Cold War. After events such as France’s occupation of the nine small islands in the South China Sea, Japan’s occupation of the South China Sea, and the struggle against Japan during the Pacific War, the United States has continuously deepened its understanding of the South China Sea and increasingly valued its important value. With Japan's gradual retreat in the later stages of World War II, the United States gradually gained control of the South China Sea and took a dominant position in the South China Sea dispute. With the continuous deepening of the United States' understanding of the South China Sea and the changes in its identity, status, and interests in the South China Sea region, the U.S. South China Sea policy has gradually taken shape.
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"Financing Status of Listed Companies in China." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001115.

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Li, Bin, and Shenghong Ma. "Status of Biomass Combustion Technologies in China." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10731.

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With the developing and increasing of the economy, China is faced with the pressure from economy increasing and shortage of energy. Chinese power and energy structure inclines to be diversified. With consideration of the environmental, economical and social benefit of renewable energy utilization, evidently, biomass will play great roles in the future alternative energies; in China, biomass power generation has developed rapidly in the past few years for its promising prospect. In this paper, the status, trend, and the potential of biomass firing power in China are discussed; the feasibility and the significance of the large-scaled biomass power generation technologies are investigated; a series of measurement to reach the goals are proposed herein.
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Zhou, Chunyi. "Analysis about current status of English phonetics in China." In 2014 International Conference on Education Technology and Social Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icetss-14.2014.52.

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"Analysis and Reflection on Status of the Internet-based Financing in China." In 2020 International Conference on Social and Human Sciences. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000101.

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Yun, Yan. "Analysis on the Status Quo of Sexual Violence in China." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.066.

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Ma, Wenqiu, and Xiu Wang. "Research and Analysis for Development Status of Rural Informatization in China." In 2nd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2013). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icssr-13.2013.156.

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Li, Wenhua, and Ziqi Ye. "Advertising and Values: A Study on Cultural values Manifested in Advertising Targeting the Urban Middle Class in China." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001850.

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Advertising is the mirror that reflects social and cultural trends and is capable of shaping society (Sivulka, 2012). We are influenced subtly by the meanings advertisers create in advertisements; in turn, our lifestyles and value priorities can affect the strategies of advertising design and branding. However, this mirror is distorted since advertising reflects only selected attitudes, values, lifestyles, and philosophies that work for sellers’ interests (Pollay, 1987). This paper examined the advertisements launched in nine of the most popular lifestyle magazines in China, to identify the frequently used values manifested in advertising, and its influences on the lifestyles of Chinese consumers. Two key theories are adopted in the value and advertising study: Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture (1984) and Schwartz’s theory of basic values (1992). 525 print advertisements were selected. The advertising appeals were coded to identify the values that appeared most frequently in the advertisements. Pollay’s measurement of values manifest in advertising (1983) is used as the basic measurement guide. The value theme categories selected for content analysis were based on Schwartz’s value system. 12 values are finally adopted in the coding process: Family, Kinship affection, Accomplishment, Enjoyment, Social status, Love, Sense of belonging, Social responsibility, Utility, Self-fulfillment, Economic value, Authority power. After content analysis, we found that “utility,” “enjoyment,” “social status,” “accomplishment,” and “authority power” are the top five most frequently used values in advertisements targeting the Chinese middle and elite classes. This finding suggests that advertisements in China still play an important role in delivering utility information in product functions and effectiveness. Enjoyment is the second most frequently used value in these advertisements. Enjoyment is considered a typical western value (Cheng, 1997), which was forbidden in Confucian tradition. In Confucian tradition, enjoyment is discouraged. Working hard and not spending more than necessary are considered virtues (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). Nowadays, enjoyment is legitimated by mass media, western movies, and advertisements. Pursuing good quality life and enjoying it is considered a reward for hard work. The value of social status is the third frequently used value theme in magazine advertisements. As elite magazines are targeting the Chinese middle class, their audiences are readers who desire to move upward to a higher social status. These people are likely to have status consumption. They want to express their social status through consumer goods. The status meanings of consumer goods are usually delivered via advertisements using “social status” value. The frequent use of social status value in advertisements shows the strong need of Chinese consumers for social status. When values of consumers are consistent with the values reflected in advertising, the likeability toward advertisements, products, and brands will increase, and consequently, advertising will be more effective (Polegato and Bjerke, 2006). This study examines value and lifestyle issues from the perspective of advertising in emerging markets. The mediating role of advertising enables us to better understand the formation of and changes in the values and lifestyles of the new middle class in emerging markets, such as China. The findings of this study can also contribute to advertisers and designers by enabling them to understand the value themes in advertisements that attract them the most.
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Jia, Guodong, Hui Wang, Xiang Li, Jin Shi, and Weihua Wang. "Research Progress on the Technique Application of Risk Based Management in Domestic Petrochemical Plants." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57460.

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The advanced risk based management (RBM) technique is playing a more and more important role in raising the standard of business management, reducing the cost of production, ensuring the long period safe operation of plants. With the support of the High-technology Research and Development Program of China (863 project), National Key Technology R&D Program of China, Social Commonweal Research Project of The Ministry of Science and Technology of China, etc, many research achievements have been made by the units concerned. These achievements have been used widely in petrochemical plants now. In this paper, the application status of RBM technique of petrochemical plants in china was summed up in the aspects of the analysis flow, application status, problems and suggestions. Finally, the summary and outlook on the application of RBM technique in China were made.

Reports on the topic "Statut social – Chine":

1

CFA Institute. Gen Z and Investing: Social Media, Crypto, FOMO, and Family. CFA Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56227/23.1.15.

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This brief examines Gen Zs’ attitudes and behaviors around investing. It is based on data from a November–December 2022 online survey of 2,872 Gen Zs aged 18–25, Millennials, and Gen Xers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and China.
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Bouillon, César P., and Viviane Azevedo. Social Mobility in Latin America: A Review of Existing Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010919.

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This paper reviews evidence on social mobility in Latin America. Several studies have used data sets that collect intergenerational socio economic information. The data, though limited, suggest that social mobility is low in the region, even when compared with low social mobility developed countries like the United States and United Kingdom, with high levels of immobility at the lower and upper tails of the income distribution. While Latin America has improved education mobility in recent decades, which may have translated into higher mobility for younger cohorts, the region still presents, except for Chile, lower education mobility than in developed countries. The paper also reviews studies on the main determinants of the regions low levels of social mobility, including social exclusion, low access to higher education, and labor market discrimination.
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Buvinic, Mayra. Cost of Adolescent Childbearing: A Review of Evidence from Chile, Barbados, Guatemala and Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008884.

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Does early childbearing restrict women's social and economic opportunities? These questions are explored by examining the effects, first on marital status and family formation, and second on women's employment options, earnings and poverty condition. The four studies presented here (from Chile, Barbados, Guatemala and Mexico) include controls for background variables and the timing of the consequences of observations. The review describes gross differences that emerged in the studies and explores how much the observed differences were due to background factors associated with adolescent childbearing, including poverty, which is a potentially large confounding variable in developing economies. The presence of sizable poverty and the nature of women's economic participation provide the common ground to assess consequences of adolescent childbearing in countries that otherwise iffer considerable in the cultural circumstances surrounding family formation and childbearing.
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Bull, Benedicte. A Social compromise for the Anthropocene? Elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement and the prospects for a Latin American transformative green state. Fundación Carolina, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtfo07en.

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The world is urgently facing the need for a “green transformation”, involving not only a transition towards the use renewable energy and reduction of biodiversity loss, but a deep social change towards social justice and sustainability. Such action requires social compromises between elites and popular sectors that allow the building of strong institutions to implement changes. Latin America is faced with huge tasks to increase equality, justice and sustainability, but it also plays a pivotal role in the global green transformation. The region is further characterized by both strong elites, strong socio-environmental movements and deep environmental conflicts making social compromises difficult. This Working Paper discusses elite reactions to the most advanced regional agreement on environmental regulation and conflict resolution, the Escazù Agreement. In many countries, elites opposed it vehemently referring to national sovereignty, but particularly rejecting the institutional implications of the agreement involving a stronger compromise to allow popular participation. This was opposed by economic elites in democratic countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Peru) as well as governmental elites in authoritarian countries (El Salvador and Venezuela). However, in various cases, elite opposition was overcome after popular mobilization and dialogue. The paper discusses what we can learn from elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement of importance for future social compromises as a basis for the emergence for transformative states in Latin America.
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Savedoff, William D. Is Anybody Listening?: Ignoring Evidence in the Latin American Health Reform Debates. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008923.

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Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, countries are in the midst of debates about their health systems. Frequently, the characteristics of reforms in one country are used to promote or criticize particular proposals in another. Despite the great importance and potential from learning from external models, evidence frequently makes very little difference to the way models are perceived and described in the political and social arena. To illustrate this point, the author takes Chile as an example, a country whose health reform has been widely decried as the most horrible of neo-liberal health reforms. However, the author states that Chile has one of the most progressive health systems in the world when measured by the combination of tax incidence and public health spending.
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Goreczky, Péter. Southeast Asia in the US-China Tech Rivalry I. : The Business Sector in Focus. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.16.

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Due to the unique opportunities provided by its digital economy, Southeast Asia is a major arena of market expansion for US-based and Chinese tech juggernauts today. For now, the presence and strategy of the two nation’s companies in the ASEAN region has been driven by market considerations. At the same time, social media platforms and mobile operation systems can serve as sources of soft power, which means that Big Tech and ASEAN start-ups could drift into the US-China conflict in the future. In the Southeast Asian market, US tech giants do not have to worry about being crowded out by their Chinese counterparts in the short run; at the same time, China’s growing economic influence in the region undoubtedly boosts the technology investments of its companies. It is a core interest of ASEAN nations to avoid taking a side in the US-China tech rivalry and thereby escape the role of being a mere data source for some global digital platforms or US-based and Chinese tech companies.
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Gu, Jing, Danielle Green, and Jiadan Yu. Building Back Better: Sustainable Development Diplomacy in the Pandemic Era. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.065.

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This report critically examines the nature of the distinction between traditional inter-state diplomacy and sustainable development diplomacy. It then sets out the institutional changes which are necessary for the achievement of sustainable development diplomacy. Multi-stakeholder partnerships have been identified as a key means of implementation for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given the increasing centrality of the United States (US)–China relationship in global development cooperation, understanding the modalities of their engagement may provide useful insights into how partnerships may be cultivated and deepened to realise the SDGs. The Covid-19 pandemic and climate change have demonstrated the interconnection of the world, as well as the interconnection of challenges of the world. Sustainable development diplomacy is needed now more than ever to prioritise development strategies of different states and work on common shared challenges. Sustainable development diplomacy can only work when different actors recognise the value of the common goals and are willing to make an effort to accomplish them. Global sustainable development diplomacy requires a stronger policy agenda and greater cohesion. This report explores the idea of sustainable development diplomacy and, through two sectoral case studies, explores the nature, function, and rationale for interactive engagement. The form and structure of multi-actor relationships are a response to complex, trans-border political, social, economic, and environmental challenges which require a more nuanced and varied management approach than narrowly defined state-led development. However, the power dynamics, the modalities, and experiences of engagement that underpin these dynamic relationships, remain understudied, especially with regard to their impact on sustainable development.
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Fent, Thomas, Stefan Wrzaczek, Gustav Feichtinger, and Andreas Novak. Fertility decline and age-structure in China and India. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003f0d14.

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China and India, two Asian countries that experienced a rapid decline in fertility since the middle of the twentieth century, are the focus of this paper. Although there is no doubt that lower fertility levels have many positive effects on the economy, development and sustainability, little is known about the optimal transition from high to medium or even low levels of fertility. Firstly, implementing policies that have the potential to reduce fertility is costly. Secondly, additional costs arise from adapting the infrastructure to a population that fluctuates quickly not only in terms of size but also with respect to the age structure. We apply an intertemporal optimisation model that takes the costs and benefits of fertility decline into account. The optimal time path depends on the cost structure, the planning horizon and the initial conditions. In the case of a long planning horizon and high initial fertility, it may even be optimal to reduce fertility temporarily below replacement level in order to slow down population growth at an early stage. A key finding of our formal investigation is that, under the same plausible parameter settings, the optimal paths for China and India differ substantially. Moreover, our analysis shows that India, where the fertility decline emerged as a consequence of societal and economic developments, followed a path closer to the optimal fertility transition than China, where the fertility decline was state-imposed. The mathematical approach deployed for this analysis provides insights into the optimal long-term development of fertility and allows for policy conclusions to be drawn for other countries that are still in the fertility transition process.
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Attanasio, Orazio P., Florencia Lopez Boo, Diana Perez-Lopez, and Sarah Anne Reynolds. Inequality in the Early Years in LAC: A Comparative Study of Size, Persistence, and Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005359.

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Gaps in child development by socioeconomic status (SES) start early in life, are large and can increase inequalities later in life. We use recent national-level, cross-sectional and longitudinal data to examine inequalities in child development (namely, language, cognition, and socio-emotional skills) of children 0-5 in five Latin American countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay). In the cross-section analysis, we find statistically significant gaps with inequality patterns that widely differ across countries. For instance, gaps in language and cognition for Uruguay and Chile are much smaller than those for Colombia and Peru. When turning to the longitudinal data, average SES gaps are similar to those of the cross-section in language but differ substantially in cognition, mainly in Uruguay where they emerge as more unequal when cohort effects do not operate. Importantly, we also find that the ECD gaps found at early ages (0-5), still manifest 6-12 years later in almost all locations and realms in which we have measures of early child development, but they do not increase with age. Results are robust to using different measures of inequality (income and maternal education). Gaps are smaller but generally remain when adjusting for possible explanatory factors (e.g., family structure, parental education, geographic fixed effects). To reduce ECD inequality and promote equality in later life outcomes, policymakers should look to implementing evidence-based interventions at scale to improve developmental outcomes of the most disadvantaged children in society.
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Abufhele, Alejandra, David Bravo, Florencia Lopez-Boo, and Pamela Soto-Ramirez. Developmental losses in young children from pre-primary program closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003920.

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Abstract:
The learning and developmental losses from pre-primary program closures due to COVID-19 may be unprecedented. These disruptions early in life, when the brain is more sensitive to environmental changes, can be long-lasting. Although there is evidence about the effects of school closures on older children, there is currently no evidence on such losses for children in their early years. This paper is among the first to quantify the actual impact of pandemic-related closures on child development, in this case for a sample of young children in Chile, where school and childcare closures lasted for about a year. We use a unique dataset collected face-to-face in December 2020, which includes child development indicators for general development, language development, social-emotional development, and executive function. We are able to use a first difference strategy because Chile has a history of collecting longitudinal data on children as part of their national social policies monitoring strategy. This allows us to construct a valid comparison group from the 2017 longitudinal data. We find adverse impacts on children in 2020 compared to children interviewed in 2017 in most development areas. In particular, nine months after the start of the pandemic, we find a loss in language development of 0.25 SDs. This is equivalent to the impact on a childs language development of having a mother with approximately five years less education. Timely policies are needed to mitigate these enormous losses.

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