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Braden, L. E. A., and Thomas Teekens. "Reputation, Status Networks, and the Art Market." Arts 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030081.
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The effect of an artist’s prestige on the price of artwork is a well-known, central tenant in art market research. In considering how an artist’s prestige proliferates, much research examines networks, where certain artistic groupings and associations promote individual member’s artistic standing (i.e., “associative status networks”). When considering the role of associative status networks, there are two models by which status may increase. First, the confirmation model suggests that actors of similar status are associated with each other. Second, the increase model suggests that a halo effect occurs, whereby an individual’s status increases by association with higher-status artists. In this research, we examine the association of artists through museum exhibition to test confirmation versus increase models, ascertaining whether prestige acquisition is a selection or influence process. This research capitalizes on the retrospective digitization of exhibition catalogues, allowing for large-scale longitudinal analysis heretofore unviable for researchers. We use the exhibition history of 1148 artists from the digitized archives of three major Dutch museums (Stedelijk, Boijmans-Van Beuningen, Van Abbe) from 1930 to 1989, as well as data on artists’ market performance from artprice.com and bibliographic data from the WorldCat database. We then employ network analysis to examine the 60-year interplay of associative status networks and determine how different networks predict subsequent auction performance. We find that status connections may have a point of diminishing returns by which comparison to high prestige peers increases one’s own prestige to a point, after which a high-status comparison network becomes a liability.
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Jo, Jinhee. "Now or later? A dynamic analysis of judicial appointments." Journal of Theoretical Politics 29, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629816630433.
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Observing substantial variations in Senate confirmation durations, existing studies have tried to explain when the Senate takes more or less time to confirm presidential nominees. However, they have largely ignored the president’s incentives to nominate someone who he expects will be delayed and do not specify conditions under which delay occurs. To improve on existing literature, I develop a dynamic model of presidential appointments in which the Senate decides whether to delay as well as whether to confirm the nominee. The model shows that the president rationally chooses a nominee who he expects the Senate will delay if the status quo belongs to a certain interval in a one-dimensional policy space. Moreover, the president sometimes chooses a nominee who may fail to gain confirmation after a delay. Finally, the effects of important factors on expected confirmation duration are analyzed: most interestingly, as presidential popularity increases, the Senate takes longer to confirm the nominee.
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Keel, Rebecca A., Jared L. Crandon, and David P. Nicolau. "Pharmacokinetics and Pulmonary Disposition of Tedizolid and Linezolid in a Murine Pneumonia Model under Variable Conditions." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (March 19, 2012): 3420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06121-11.
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ABSTRACTIn vivopharmacokinetics are often evaluated in only one variation of an infection model, and the resulting exposures are assumed to be similar in each model. We evaluated and compared the effect of lung infection and immune status on the murine pharmacokinetics and pulmonary disposition of tedizolid and linezolid. Both factors resulted in differing blood and pulmonary exposure profiles, with similar trends for tedizolid and linezolid. These data highlight the importance of pharmacokinetic confirmation in each model.
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Cameron, Charles M., Albert D. Cover, and Jeffrey A. Segal. "Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees: A Neoinstitutional Model." American Political Science Review 84, no. 2 (June 1990): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963533.
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We develop and test a neoinstitutional model of Senate roll call voting on nominees to the Supreme Court. The statistical model assumes that Senators examine the characteristics of nominees and use their roll call votes to establish an electorally attractive position on the nominees. The model is tested with probit estimates on the 2,054 confirmation votes from Earl Warren to Anthony Kennedy. The model performs remarkably well in predicting the individual votes of Senators to confirm or reject nominees. Senators routinely vote to confirm nominees who are perceived as well qualified and ideologically proximate to Senators' constituents. When nominees are less well qualified and are relatively distant, however, Senators' votes depend to a large degree on the political environment, especially the status of the president.
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Meadows, Meghan, Meredith Ray, Matthew Smeltzer, Nicholas Faris, Carrie Fehnel, Olawale Akinbobola, Bianca Jackson, et al. "A comparison of two models of multidisciplinary lung cancer care within a community-based healthcare system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.36.
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36 Background: The Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Conference (MTOC) model is easier to implement than the Multidisciplinary Clinic (MDC) model, but does not directly involve patients in decision-making. We compared the processes and outcomes of lung cancer care between patients discussed in a weekly MTOC versus those seen in a MDC. Methods: Prospective observational study of thoroughness of staging, stage confirmation (defined as biopsy of the stage-defining lesion), National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment, overall (OS) and event-free (EFS) survival of lung cancer patients in a community healthcare system’s MDC and MTOC from 2014-2019. We used the chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate guideline-concordant treatment and stage confirmation; Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate OS and EFS. We adjusted models for age, sex, race, insurance, smoking status, and histology. Results: 614 patients received care in MDC; 571 in MTOC. MDC patients were older (median age: 69 vs. 67); less likely to be active smokers (44% vs. 47%; p=0.03); more likely to have bimodal (98% v 95%, p=0.02) and trimodal staging (60% v 46%, p<0.0001). The stage-confirmation rate (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.22-1.96) and mediastinal stage confirmation rate (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.95) were both significantly higher in MDC, even after adjustment (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.25-2.03); (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25-2.00). A higher proportion of patients received guideline-concordant treatment in MDC than in MTOC (82% vs. 73%; OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21-2.20) even after adjustment (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.20-2.24). However, MTOC patients had significantly better OS (p=0.03) and EFS (p=0.001) than MDC patients and a lower hazard of death (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.98), even after adjusting for confounding variables (aHR: 0.79 95%CI: 0.66-0.95). Conclusions: Although the processes of lung cancer care delivery were better in MDC than in MTOC, survival was better in MTOC. Patient selection may have played a role in these survival differences. The MTOC model, as implemented, seems competitive with the MDC model and is worthy of further exploration as a more feasible model of multidisciplinary care. [Table: see text]
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Peeken, Jan C., Mohamed A. Shouman, Markus Kroenke, Isabel Rauscher, Tobias Maurer, Jürgen E. Gschwend, Matthias Eiber, and Stephanie E. Combs. "A CT-based radiomics model to detect prostate cancer lymph node metastases in PSMA radioguided surgery patients." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 47, no. 13 (May 28, 2020): 2968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04864-1.
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Abstract Purpose In recurrent prostate carcinoma, determination of the site of recurrence is crucial to guide personalized therapy. In contrast to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, computed tomography (CT) has only limited capacity to detect lymph node metastases (LNM). We sought to develop a CT-based radiomic model to predict LNM status using a PSMA radioguided surgery (RGS) cohort with histological confirmation of all suspected lymph nodes (LNs). Methods Eighty patients that received RGS for resection of PSMA PET/CT-positive LNMs were analyzed. Forty-seven patients (87 LNs) that received inhouse imaging were used as training cohort. Thirty-three patients (62 LNs) that received external imaging were used as testing cohort. As gold standard, histological confirmation was available for all LNs. After preprocessing, 156 radiomic features analyzing texture, shape, intensity, and local binary patterns (LBP) were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (radiomic models) and logistic regression (conventional parameters) were used for modeling. Results Texture and shape features were largely correlated to LN volume. A combined radiomic model achieved the best predictive performance with a testing-AUC of 0.95. LBP features showed the highest contribution to model performance. This model significantly outperformed all conventional CT parameters including LN short diameter (AUC 0.84), LN volume (AUC 0.80), and an expert rating (AUC 0.67). In lymph node–specific decision curve analysis, there was a clinical net benefit above LN short diameter. Conclusion The best radiomic model outperformed conventional measures for detection of LNM demonstrating an incremental value of radiomic features.
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Gainor, L., A. M. Parsons, L. A. Parker, F. C. Detterbeck, T. Stinchcombe, and D. N. Hayes. "Predictive model for mediastinal lymph node status at the time of mediastinoscopy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 18004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18004.
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18004 Background: Mediastinal lymph node (N2) positivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is suspected based on imaging such as CT or PET scan, with confirmation by mediastinoscopy. However, the most accurate clinical information in predicting N2 status is controversial. Methods: We reviewed 147 candidates for NSCLC resection (2000–2005) who had clinical database information available and had undergone mediastinoscopy. Using suspected clinical predictors of mediastinal metastasis available prior to mediastinoscopy, we constructed a predictive model of N2 status. Results: The largest N2 node short-axis diameter on CT was by far the most influential factor in the model. Three other predictors for N2 node positivity were significant (p<0.05) in univariate analysis: indistinct tumor borders and mediastinal invasion on CT, and mediastinal PET scan positivity. However, all were less influential than N2 size on CT. Using logistic regression, these factors can be used to predict probability of positive N2 biopsy in an individual patient. The resulting diagnostic test had a ROC (receiver operator characteristic) area of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity-specificity pairing of 75% and 73%. 35% (51/147) of patients analyzed had at least one N2 node positive at mediastinoscopy. 39% (57/147) of patients had PET scan data available, and 82% (120/147) had CT data available. Conclusions: Of available data in early-stage NSCLC patients, mediastinal lymph node size on CT scan was more important than PET scan or other CT scan findings in predicting probability of positive mediastinoscopy. A predictive model is useful in more accurately determining need for invasive staging by mediastinoscopy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Margari, Niki, Abraham Pouliakis, Aris Spathis, Emmanouil Mastorakis, Efthymios Karakostas, Spiridon Stergiopoulos, Ioannis Panayiotides, and Petros Karakitsos. "Quality Control and Telemedicine for BRAF V600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2015040102.
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The assessment of BRAF V600E mutations is important for prognosis and treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC), the standard methods for their identification are molecular biology techniques. In this study, the potential of image morphometry applied to cell nuclei and sequentially the use of a Classification And Regression Tree (CART) is investigated, in order to: identify morphometric features useful to characterize BRAF mutations, and to eventually produce an algorithm identifying BRAF mutation status. The 140 studied cases had histological confirmation and known BRAF mutation status identified via real-time PCR. The analysis revealed that nuclear features contributing to BRAF mutation status identification via the CART model are related mostly to nuclear color. According to the results there is evidence that BRAF V600E mutations can be identified by measurable image features. Therefore, the proposed method is useful for quality control of BRAF V600E mutations on cytological slides, can serve as alternative to PCR method and may be used for remote assessment.
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Tan, Chee Kiat, Ngai Moh Law, Han Seong Ng, and David Machin. "Simple Clinical Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Developing Countries and Its Validation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 12 (June 15, 2003): 2294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.03.151.
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Purpose: More than 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) worldwide occur in developing countries, especially in Asia. It often presents at an advanced stage beyond treatment. In this circumstance, a simple prognostic model is useful. Previous prognostic models require radiologic and laboratory investigations that are not readily available in developing countries. Our aim is to formulate and then validate a simple clinical prognostic model for HCC in an Asian population using only clinical parameters and with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as the sole laboratory test. Patients and Methods: Cox regression modeling was performed on several clinical parameters and serum AFP level in 397 patients with HCC who received only supportive care in Singapore. A later group of 324 HCC patients from an Asia-Pacific–wide randomized trial was then used to validate the model. Results: Ascites, physical performance status, and serum AFP were independently predictive of survival. Cox analysis yielded a simple score based on these three variables that categorizes patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups with 6-month survivals of 43%, 21%, and 5%, respectively. The prospective validation data provided corresponding estimates of 33%, 15%, and 3% and give confirmation of the utility of the simple model. Conclusion: We have formulated and prospectively validated a simple prognostic score for untreated HCC that only requires a clinical evaluation for ascites and physical performance status and measurement of serum AFP. This simple model is particularly apt for developing country circumstances and can also be used to select patients for treatment trials.
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DEDOVICH, DMITRY, and ALEXEY ZHEMCHUGOV. "ON THE "LSND ANOMALY"." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 10 (March 28, 2012): 1230012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312300121.
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In the LSND experiment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a larger than expected [Formula: see text] signal was observed and interpreted as evidence of the oscillation [Formula: see text] with Δm2 in the range of 0.2–10 eV2. Since such a Δm2 range is incompatible with the widely accepted model of oscillations between three light neutrino species, and since there was no confirmation from other neutrino experiments, this finding became known as the "LSND anomaly". If true, it would require the existence of at least one "sterile" neutrino which calls the Standard Model of particle physics in a nontrivial way into question. This review discusses the current status of the "LSND anomaly", including the prospects of further experimental checks.
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Fronterre, Claudio, Benjamin Amoah, Emanuele Giorgi, Michelle C. Stanton, and Peter J. Diggle. "Design and Analysis of Elimination Surveys for Neglected Tropical Diseases." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, Supplement_5 (January 13, 2020): S554—S560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz554.
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Abstract As neglected tropical diseases approach elimination status, there is a need to develop efficient sampling strategies for confirmation (or not) that elimination criteria have been met. This is an inherently difficult task because the relative precision of a prevalence estimate deteriorates as prevalence decreases, and classic survey sampling strategies based on random sampling therefore require increasingly large sample sizes. More efficient strategies for survey design and analysis can be obtained by exploiting any spatial correlation in prevalence within a model-based geostatistics framework. This framework can be used for constructing predictive probability maps that can inform in-country decision makers of the likelihood that their elimination target has been met, and where to invest in additional sampling. We evaluated our methodology using a case study of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana, demonstrating that a geostatistical approach outperforms approaches currently used to determine an evaluation unit’s elimination status.
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Whitlatch, Nicole L., David F. Kong, Ara D. Metjian, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Thomas L. Ortel. "Validation of the high-dose heparin confirmatory step for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia." Blood 116, no. 10 (September 9, 2010): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-262659.
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Abstract The diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requires detection of antibodies to the heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) complexes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Addition of excess heparin to the sample decreases the optical density by 50% or more and confirms the presence of these antibodies. One hundred fifteen patients with anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were classified as clinically HIT-positive or HIT-negative, followed by confirmation with excess heparin. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to estimate relationships between patient characteristics, laboratory findings, and clinical HIT status. This model was validated on an independent sample of 97 patients with anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies. No relationship between age, race, or sex and clinical HIT status was found. Maximal optical density and confirmatory positive status independently predicted HIT in multivariate analysis. Predictive accuracy on the training set (c-index 0.78, Brier score 0.17) was maintained when the algorithm was applied to the independent validation population (c-index 0.80, Brier score 0.20). This study quantifies the clinical utility of the confirmatory test to diagnose HIT. On the basis of data from the heparin/PF4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmatory assays, a predictive computer algorithm could distinguish patients likely to have HIT from those who do not.
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Miciak, Jeremy, W. Pat Taylor, Karla K. Stuebing, and Jack M. Fletcher. "Simulation of LD Identification Accuracy Using a Pattern of Processing Strengths and Weaknesses Method With Multiple Measures." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 36, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282916683287.
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We investigated the classification accuracy of learning disability (LD) identification methods premised on the identification of an intraindividual pattern of processing strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method using multiple indicators for all latent constructs. Known LD status was derived from latent scores; values at the observed level identified LD status for individual cases according to the concordance/discordance method. Agreement with latent status was evaluated using (a) a single indicator, (b) two indicators as part of a test–retest “confirmation” model, and (c) a mean score. Specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) were generally high for single indicators (median specificity = 98.8%, range = 93.4%-99.7%; median NPV = 94.2%, range = 85.6%-98.7%), but low for sensitivity (median sensitivity = 49.1%, range = 20.3%-77.1%) and positive predictive value (PPV; median PPV = 48.8%, range = 23.5%-69.6%). A test–retest procedure produced inconsistent and small improvements in classification accuracy, primarily in “not LD” decisions. Use of a mean score produced small improvements in classifications (mean improvement = 2.0%, range = 0.3%-2.8%). The modest gains in agreement do not justify the additional testing burdens associated with incorporating multiple tests of all constructs.
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Et. al., Shaik Jaffer Vali ,. "Secure Data Access Control with Cipher Text Update and Computation Outsourcing in Fog Computing for Internet of Things." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1441.
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Fog Computing is a region of Computer Science that is under steady construction and development, and related to data security, the worldview turns out to be more solid and secure for IoT's edge stages. The verification of limited memory devices has serious issues since memory utilization is high when applied with different models that have the motivation behind shared confirmation. In this paper, we propose the Novel cipher text-based encryption model (NCEM) which has an information access control plot dependent on Ciphertext-Policy it give information privacy, fine-grained control, and mysterious validation in a multi-authority fog computing framework. The sign cryption and plan cryption overhead for the client is altogether diminished by redistributing the bothersome calculation tasks to fog hubs. The proposed conspire is demonstrated to be secure in the standard model and can give trait repudiation and public unquestionable status. The security analysis, asymptotic multifaceted nature examination, and implementation results demonstrate that our construction can offset the security objectives with useful effectiveness in calculation.
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Nguyen, Viet Nga, Thi Hien Ho, and Thanh Long Nguyen. "The cost of HIV testing at five district health facilities intervented poct model to confirmation HIV detected." Journal of Health and Development Studies 05, no. 02 (March 26, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0502skpt20-099.
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Objective: HIV testing is the only method to confirm people infected with HIV. There are many models providing HIV testing services. HIV testing cost is an important component for the investment and strategic direction of policies and programs on HIV. This paper describes HIV testing costs of HIV confirmatory testing by using three rapid diagnostic tests at district level (POCT- Point of Care testing). Methods: cross-sectional study design was employed, costs are calculated using the cost-allocation method based on the proportion of resources used for the personnel, investment such as infrastructure and equipments, routine operational costs including test kits and consumable supplies, administration and training, fuel costs using for HIV testing in the laboratory, transporting the sample to province for HIV positived confirmation and HIV confirmatory test at the province. Five district health centers (DHC) thực hiện mô hình can thiệp POCT HIV were studied, HIV tests were conducted for 4,636 clients in 2016. Results : 201 HIV positive cases were detected; after implementing the POCT model to confirm HIV status at these five DHCs, the cost per HIV screening test case is 7,4 USD on average; and cost per an HIV comfirmatory test is 206,8 USD. Conclusion: Applying the POCT model of HIV helps reducethe cost of HIV testing because of saving cost for sample transportion and implementing confirm HIV detected more in provincal standard laboratory. It should be expanded to use especially limitted resource settings in Vietnam Keywords: HIV, HIV test, POCT, cost
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Frydecka, D., J. Drapala, E. Kłosińska, M. Krefft, and B. Misiak. "Computational modeling of reinforcement learning using probabilistic selection task and instructional probabilistic selection task." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.225.
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IntroductionHumans learn how to behave both through rules and instructions as well as through environmental experiences. It has been shown that instructions can powerfully control people's choices, often leading to a confirmation bias.AimTo compare learning parameters in reinforcement learning task with and without instructions.MethodsWe recruited 52 healthy adult control subjects (21 males, 31 females, age 30 ± 6.5 years). Participants completed Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status (RBANSS). Twenty-seven participants completed additionally Probabilistic Selection Task (PST) while twenty-five participants completed Instructional Probabilistic Selection Task (IPST). To analyze learning parameters, we used Q-learning model with 3 parameters: learning rate due to positive and negative reinforcements as well as exploration-exploitation parameter.ResultsBoth groups did not differ with respect to cognitive functioning measured with RBANSS (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial abilities, language and attention); however, participants who completed PST had trend-level statistically faster learning rates due to positive (P = 0.099) and negative reinforcements (0.057) in comparison to participants who completed IPST. Both groups did not differ with respect to exploration-exploitation parameter (0.409).ConclusionIn healthy adults, interference of confirmation bias can influence learning speed independent of cognitive functioning (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial abilities, language and attention).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Cao, Jing, Jiao Gong, Christ-Jonathan Tsia Hin Fong, Cuicui Xiao, Guoli Lin, Xiangyong Li, Yusheng Jie, and Yutian Chong. "Prediction Model of HBsAg Seroclearance in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6820179.
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Background. Prediction of HBsAg seroclearance, defined as the loss of circulating HBsAg with or without development of antibodies for HBsAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), is highly difficult and challenging due to its low incidence. This study is aimed at developing and validating a nomogram for prediction of HBsAg loss in CHB patients. Methods. We analyzed a total of 1398 patients with CHB. Two-thirds of the patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n=918), and one-third were assigned to the validation set (n=480). Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox regression analysis was performed using the training set, and the nomogram was constructed. Discrimination and calibration were performed using the training set and validation set. Results. On multivariate analysis of the training set, independent factors for HBsAg loss including BMI, HBeAg status, HBsAg titer (quantitative HBsAg), and baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level were incorporated into the nomogram. The HBsAg seroclearance calibration curve showed an optimal agreement between predictions by the nomogram and actual observation. The concordance index (C-index) of nomogram was 0.913, with confirmation in the validation set where the C-index was 0.886. Conclusions. We established and validated a novel nomogram that can individually predict HBsAg seroclearance and non-seroclearance for CHB patients, which is clinically unprecedented. This practical prognostic model may help clinicians in decision-making and design of clinical studies.
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Gray, Victoria, Sarah Briggs, Claire Palles, Emma Jaeger, Timothy Iveson, Rachel Kerr, Mark P. Saunders, et al. "Pattern Recognition Receptor Polymorphisms as Predictors of Oxaliplatin Benefit in Colorectal Cancer." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 111, no. 8 (January 14, 2019): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy215.
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Abstract Background Constitutional loss of function (LOF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pattern recognition receptors FPR1, TLR3, and TLR4 have previously been reported to predict oxaliplatin benefit in colorectal cancer. Confirmation of this association could substantially improve patient stratification. Methods We performed a retrospective biomarker analysis of the Short Course in Oncology Therapy (SCOT) and COIN/COIN-B trials. Participant status for LOF variants in FPR1 (rs867228), TLR3 (rs3775291), and TLR4 (rs4986790/rs4986791) was determined by genotyping array or genotype imputation. Associations between LOF variants and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox regression, adjusted for confounders, using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Our validation study populations included 2929 and 1948 patients in the SCOT and COIN/COIN-B cohorts, respectively, of whom 2728 and 1672 patients had functional status of all three SNPs determined. We found no evidence of an association between any SNP and DFS in the SCOT cohort, or with OS in either cohort, irrespective of the type of model used. This included models for which an association was previously reported for rs867228 (recessive model, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for DFS in SCOT = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99 to 1.45, P = .07; HR for OS in COIN/COIN-B = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.34, P = .66), and rs4986790 (dominant model, multivariable-adjusted HR for DFS in SCOT = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.13, P = .27; HR for OS in COIN/COIN-B = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.31, P = .40). Conclusion In this prespecified analysis of two large clinical trials, we found no evidence that constitutional LOF SNPs in FPR1, TLR3, or TLR4 are associated with differential benefit from oxaliplatin. Our results suggest these SNPs are unlikely to be clinically useful biomarkers.
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Yuniva, Ika, and Dany Hestiyanto. "PERANCANGAN WEB E-COMMERCE UNTUK PENJUALAN SEPATU DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL CLASSIC LIFE CYCLE." Journal CERITA 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v4i1.553.
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A Website is not only used as a medium of information, but also used as a media campaign both in the field of business, service and so forth. One of them a Home Industry Shoes require promotion media through the website to expand the marketing so as to support sales revenue and provide convenience for anyone who needs Shoes made Home Industry. Rizky Shoes is a Home Industry engaged in the manufacture and sale of Handmade Shoes. Currently the ordering and sales process is still conventional, customers can come directly to the Home Industry Rizky Shoes and recording transactions are still manual using paper. The purpose of this study is to produce an e-commerce website as a media campaign and marketing and help Home Industry Rizky Shoes in increasing sales. This research uses case study with observation method and literature study in collecting data. System requirements on this e-commerce web Admin can make the process of goods input, display data or data deletion process, change the status of purchases. While users can make reservations, view products, register as a member, and make payment confirmation. For software development method using classic life cycle approach. Data model described by ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) and LRS (Logical Record Structure) While the database using MySQL and programming languages using PHP.
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VICTOR, CHRISTINA R., SASHA J. SCAMBLER, ANN BOWLING, and JOHN BOND. "The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: a survey of older people in Great Britain." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003332.
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This study examines the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people in Great Britain, and makes comparisons with the findings of studies undertaken during the last five decades. In addition, the risk factors for loneliness are examined using a conceptual model of vulnerability and protective factors derived from a model of depression. Loneliness was measured using a self-rating scale, and measures of socio-demographic status and health/social resources were included. Interviews were undertaken with 999 people aged 65 or more years living in their own homes, and the sample was broadly representative of the population in 2001. Among them the prevalence of ‘severe loneliness’ was seven per cent, indicating little change over five decades. Six independent vulnerability factors for loneliness were identified: marital status, increases in loneliness over the previous decade, increases in time alone over the previous decade; elevated mental morbidity; poor current health; and poorer health in old age than expected. Advanced age and possession of post-basic education were independently protective of loneliness. From this evidence we propose that there are three loneliness pathways in later life: continuation of a long-established attribute, late-onset loneliness, and decreasing loneliness. Confirmation of the different trajectories suggests that policies and interventions should reflect the variability of loneliness in later life, for undifferentiated responses may be neither appropriate nor effective.
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Sinanis, Naralys, Osama Abdelghany, Michael Strait, Catherine A. Lyons, and Kerin B. Adelson. "Development of a complex patient identification process for the CMS’ Oncology Care Model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.32.
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32 Background: The CMS’ Oncology Care Model (OCM) provides practices with enhanced monthly payments for beneficiaries with cancer receiving chemotherapy. While the program will distribute a retrospective beneficiary list, practices need to track and identify eligible patients upfront to initiate care management and financial counseling processes and to bill for the enhanced payment. The eligibility criteria require information that many practices do not have. We describe a stepwise approach to patient identification that can be used by other OCM practices. Methods: We ran a report that identified patients with Medicare who received an OCM-eligible drug. We classified drugs into four categories: IV chemo confirmed by our own billing, oral specialty tracked and/or filled by our specialty pharmacy, general prescriptions filled at offsite pharmacies, and oral drugs billed under Medicare Part B. Because patients on general oral drugs receive 11 refills when first prescribed, we could not rely on a new prescription to trigger enrollment; we created a candidate list of patients who received oral prescriptions in the last year. Our pharmacists manually checked QS1, to verify Medicare Part D status and Surescripts to confirm that patients filled their prescription. Results: The build took time to validate due to disparate data and incomplete insurance information. 1039 IV chemo, 249 oral chemo, 196 oral Medicare Part B, were definitively eligible. 2991 with general prescriptions made the oral candidate list, which required additional verification of last visit date, Medicare Part D status, and prescription fill date. Approximately 70% of our patients have Medicare Part D and over 90% filled their prescription. We billed IV for July and August and are awaiting final confirmation of drug fill before billing the patients from the oral categories. Conclusions: The patient identification process was more complex than expected. Implementation required a multi-disciplinary effort with extensive collaboration across several departments as well as a time-intensive manual insurance and drug fill-verification process. Opportunities exist to automate Medicare Part D verification using our real-time eligibility software.
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Costello, John M., Elizabeth Preze, Nguyenvu Nguyen, Mary E. McBride, James W. Collins, Osama M. Eltayeb, Michael C. Mongé, Barbara J. Deal, Michelle M. Stephenson, and Carl L. Backer. "Experience with an Acuity Adaptable Care Model for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 8, no. 6 (November 2017): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135117733722.
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Background: We describe the implementation of and outcomes associated with an acuity adaptable care model for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing an index cardiac operation between July 2007 and June 2015 were included. From July 2007 through June 2010, a conventional model existed in which patients moved among units and care teams based on age, severity of illness, and operative status (conventional group). A transitional period existed between July 2010 and June 8, 2012 (transitional group). From June 9, 2012, through June 2015, an acuity adaptable model was used in which patients remained in the cardiac care unit and received care from the same clinical team throughout their hospitalization (acuity adaptable group). Results: Included were 2,363 patients: 925 in the conventional group, 520 in the transitional group, and 918 in the acuity adaptable group. In relation to the conventional group, the adjusted odds of operative mortality in the acuity adaptable group was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.26-1.18; P = .12). The failure to rescue rate (ie, number of deaths in patients with any complication divided by the number of total patients with any complication) decreased (conventional group, 8.7%; acuity adaptable group, 4.2%; P = .04). In relation to the conventional group, postoperative hospital length of stay tended to be shorter in the acuity adaptable group ( P = .07). Conclusions: The implementation of an acuity adaptable care model was feasible in our pediatric cardiac program. The favorable associations identified between the new model and outcomes are promising but warrant confirmation in a larger, multicenter study.
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Troianowski, Constantin Vadimovich. "The Senate under Paul I and the issue of fiscal status of petty szlachta in the Russian western provinces at the turn of the 19th century." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163208.
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After the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 the Russian empire faced a problem of determining the social status of petty Polish nobles (szlachta) in imperial hierarchy. At the turn of the 19th century the Senate was the governmental body that had to resolve this issue. In April of 1800 Paul I approved the proposal of the Senates 3d department to confirm lesser szlachtas fiscal immunity and other privileges enjoyed by her under Rzecz Pospolita. Yet, in the same year the Senates 1st department when deliberating on a separate case of szlachtas tax status in Novorossiysk province, passed two resolutions that contradicted the legal norm adopted in April. This paper focuses on the analysis of circumstances under which the Senates departments came to different decisions on the same problem. Their resolutions reflected two approaches to the policy of petty szlachtas inclusion in the imperial nobility. The resolution of the 3d department, supported by Paul I, envisaged a co-optation of szlachta as a social group through legislative confirmation of its privileged status in the empire. The approach of the 1st department emphasized the necessity of szlachtas integration into imperial nobility on the individual basis (by submitting proofs of noble origin compliant to the Russian laws). As a result the imperial government gave preference to the second model of inclusion.
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Fernando, Erick, and Derist Touriano. "Cyber informatics and Contrasting Extreme Programming with Boolean Logic." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp157-163.
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<p>Cyber information is the solution for e-commerce, in this study we investigated the LAN is needed and seek confirmation of the decision to use the method Red-Black Tree in forming binary search tree. Given the status of the wireless modalities and development of RAID, this study used a Bayesian tool in controlling identifier-locator split (palmate). In addition, to verify that Boolean logic and the model checking can collude to address this problem. In this paper, we verify that rasterization can be made strong, cooperative, and adaptive. Furthermore, we concentrated this study can be made so that IPv6 embedded, scalable, and highly-available. Our design for investigating encrypted algorithms is dubiously promising. Finally, we introduced an analysis of journaling file systems (Palmate), which we used to validate that local-area networks and replication are often incompatible.</p>
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Shakya, Sudip, Shinya Inazumi, and Supakij Nontananandh. "Potential of Computer-Aided Engineering in the Design of Ground-Improvement Technologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 9675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199675.
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The progress status of jet-grouting construction during the construction phase is difficult to verify and even after the completion of construction, it can be verified only by empirical methods. This study attempted to recreate a realistic simulation result of the middle-pressure jet-grouting method by establishing a computer-aided engineering (CAE) system from the planning/design stage of the ground model and verifying the validity of the construction process after the model was analyzed by the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The governing parameters for the ground were determined by the MPS simulation of the unconfined compression test. The construction simulation was analyzed and the results were validated by visual confirmation of the related phenomena, such as the soil-improved body formation and mud discharge. To verify the accuracy of the mud discharge phenomenon, three different probe regions were set above the model ground and the amount of mud discharge generated in each region was computed before drawing an overall conclusion of the study. A soil-improvement body of approximately 0.38 m3 was observed to have formed at the end of the study and the highest mud discharge particle number measured, for instance, was 896. This study is expected to serve as a guideline for further studies on simulation-based research.
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Johnson, Amy J., David M. Lucas, Natarajan Muthusamy, Lisa L. Smith, Ryan B. Edwards, Michael D. De Lay, Carlo M. Croce, Michael R. Grever, and John C. Byrd. "Characterization of the TCL-1 transgenic mouse as a preclinical drug development tool for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Blood 108, no. 4 (August 15, 2006): 1334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-12-011213.
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Abstract Drug development in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been limited by lack of a suitable animal model to adequately assess pharmacologic properties relevant to clinical application. A recently described TCL-1 transgenic mouse develops a chronic B-cell CD5+ leukemia that might be useful for such studies. Following confirmation of the natural history of this leukemia in the transgenic mice, we demonstrated that the transformed murine lymphocytes express relevant therapeutic targets (Bcl-2, Mcl-1, AKT, PDK1, and DNMT1), wild-type p53 status, and in vitro sensitivity to therapeutic agents relevant to the treatment of human CLL. We then demonstrated the in vivo clinical activity of low-dose fludarabine in transgenic TCL-1 mice with active leukemia. These studies demonstrated both early reduction in blood-lymphocyte count and spleen size and prolongation of survival (P = .046) compared with control mice. Similar to human CLL, an emergence of resistance was noted with fludarabine treatment in vivo. Overall, these studies suggest that the TCL-1 transgenic leukemia mouse model has similar clinical and therapeutic response properties to human CLL and may therefore serve as a useful in vivo tool to screen new drugs for subsequent development in CLL.
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Lartillot, Nicolas, and Hervé Philippe. "Improvement of molecular phylogenetic inference and the phylogeny of Bilateria." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1496 (January 11, 2008): 1463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2236.
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Inferring the relationships among Bilateria has been an active and controversial research area since Haeckel. The lack of a sufficient number of phylogenetically reliable characters was the main limitation of traditional phylogenies based on morphology. With the advent of molecular data, this problem has been replaced by another one, statistical inconsistency, which stems from an erroneous interpretation of convergences induced by multiple changes. The analysis of alignments rich in both genes and species, combined with a probabilistic method (maximum likelihood or Bayesian) using sophisticated models of sequence evolution, should alleviate these two major limitations. We applied this approach to a dataset of 94 genes and 79 species using CAT, a previously developed model accounting for site-specific amino acid replacement patterns. The resulting tree is in good agreement with current knowledge: the monophyly of most major groups (e.g. Chordata, Arthropoda, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Protostomia) was recovered with high support. Two results are surprising and are discussed in an evo–devo framework: the sister-group relationship of Platyhelminthes and Annelida to the exclusion of Mollusca, contradicting the Neotrochozoa hypothesis, and, with a lower statistical support, the paraphyly of Deuterostomia. These results, in particular the status of deuterostomes, need further confirmation, both through increased taxonomic sampling, and future improvements of probabilistic models.
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LEGAN, J. D., D. L. SEMAN, A. L. MILKOWSKI, J. A. HIRSCHEY, and M. H. VANDEVEN. "Modeling the Growth Boundary of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Cooked Meat Products as a Function of the Product Salt, Moisture, Potassium Lactate, and Sodium Diacetate Concentrations." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2195.
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A central composite response surface design was used to determine the time to growth of Listeria monocytogenes as a function of four continuous variables: added sodium chloride (0.8 to 3.6%), sodium diacetate (0 to 0.2%), potassium lactate syrup (60% [wt/wt]; 0.25 to 9.25%), and finished-product moisture (45.5 to 83.5%) in ready-to-eat cured meat products. The design was repeated for ready-to-eat uncured meat products giving a fifth categorical variable for cure status. Products were stored at 4°C. The results were modeled using a generalized regression approach. All five main effects, six two-factor interactions, and two quadratic terms were statistically significant. The model was used to show the boundary between growth and no-growth conditions at 4°C using contour plots of time to growth. It was validated using independent challenge studies of cured and uncured products. Generally, the model predicted well, particularly for cured products, where it will be useful for establishing conditions that prevent the growth of L. monocytogenes. For uncured products, there was good agreement overall between predicted and observed times to growth, but the model is less thoroughly validated than for cured products. The model should initially only be used for screening of formulations likely to prevent growth of Listeria monocytogenes in uncured products, with recommendations subject to confirmation by challenge studies.
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Ghobrial, Irene M., Thomas M. Habermann, Matthew J. Maurer, Susan M. Geyer, Kay M. Ristow, Timothy S. Larson, Randall C. Walker, et al. "Prognostic Analysis for Survival in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorders." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 30 (October 20, 2005): 7574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.01.0934.
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Purpose The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). Patients and Methods This study focused on the 107 adult solid organ transplantation patients who were diagnosed with PTLDs at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between December 1970 and May 2003. Results The median age at the time of diagnosis was 48 years (range, 15 to 75 years). Extranodal disease including grafted organ involvement was present in 85 patients (80%). The graft organ was involved in 30 patients (28%). At the time of these analyses, 62 patients (58%) had died. The median survival for the entire cohort was 31.5 months (95% CI, 10.7 to 72.5 months). The median follow-up of living patients was 51.8 months (range, 5.6 to 202.6 months). In univariate analyses for overall survival from the time of PTLD diagnosis, the following poor prognostic factors were identified: poor performance status with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group levels 3 and 4 (P < .0001), grafted organ involvement (P = .0005), the presence of one or more extranodal sites (P = .005), both nodal and extranodal disease (P = .002), high International Prognostic Index (P = .006), advanced stage (P = .001), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (P = .03). A final multivariable model for survival was constructed using three factors: poor performance status (3 to 4), monomorphic disease, and graft organ involvement. Conclusion A prognostic model has been developed for PTLD patients using one center's 30 years of experience. We propose additional confirmation and validation of these prognostic factors in larger prospective studies.
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De la Fuente, Mónica. "Murine models of premature ageing for the study of diet-induced immune changes: improvement of leucocyte functions in two strains of old prematurely ageing mice by dietary supplementation with sulphur-containing antioxidants." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, no. 4 (September 28, 2010): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110003848.
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Several immune functions are markers of health, biological age and predictors of longevity. A chronic oxidative and inflammatory state is the main cause of ageing and the immune system is involved in the rate of ageing. Thus, several murine models of premature ageing have been proposed owing to their early immunosenescence and oxidative stress, such as ovariectomised rats and mice, obese rats and anxious mice. In the last model, the most extensively studied by us, mice showing anxiety have an aged immune function and redox status as well as a shorter longevity in comparison with animals without anxiety of the same chronological age, being denominated prematurely ageing mice. A confirmation of the above is that the administration of diets supplemented with antioxidants improves the redox status and immune functions and increases the longevity of prematurely ageing mice. Antioxidant precursors of glutathione such as thioproline or N-acetylcysteine, which have a relevant role in ageing, have been the most widely investigated in adult prematurely ageing mice in our laboratory. In the present work, we have studied the effects of the ingestion for 5 weeks of a diet supplemented with 0·1% (w/w) thioproline+N-acetylcysteine on several functions of leucocytes from chronological old (69–73 weeks of age) prematurely ageing mice of two strains (Swiss and BALB/c). The results show an improvement of the immune functions, with their values becoming closer to those in adult animals (24±2 weeks). Thus, an adequate nutrition with antioxidants, even in aged subjects, could be a good strategy to retard ageing.
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Behimehr, Sara, and Hamid R. Jamali. "Relations between Cognitive Biases and Some Concepts of Information Behavior." Data and Information Management 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0007.
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AbstractInformation behavior, as a part of human behavior, has many aspects, including a cognitive aspect. Cognitive biases, one of the important issues in psychology and cognitive science, can play a critical role in people’s behaviors and their information behavior. This article discusses the potential relationships between some concepts of human information behavior and cognitive biases. The qualitative research included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 25 postgraduate students who were at the writing-up stage of their research. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling process. Interviews were analyzed using the coding technique of classic grounded theory. The research framework was the Eisenberg and Berkowitz information behavior model. The relationships that are discussed in this article include those between the principle of least effort on the one hand and availability bias and ambiguity aversion on the other; value-sensitive design and reactance; willingness to return and availability bias; library anxiety and ambiguity aversion, status quo bias, and stereotypical bias; information avoidance and selective perception, confirmation bias, stereotypical bias, and conservatism bias; information overload and information bias; and finally, filtering and attentional bias.
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Moravec, Lukáš, Jana Hinke, Gabriela Kukalová, and Adéla Šlapáková. "Comparison of Tax Burden on Farms in Selected US States." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 3 (2019): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967030839.
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This paper deals with the comparison of the tax burden of selected US States within the framework of two taxes ‑ income tax and sales tax. When drawing up this issue, the authors were led by the idea that there may be significant differences among particular states, so they chose as the objective to identify fiscally attractive areas. The quantification research of tax burden on model farms in 12 US states – Corn Belt was carried out in order to meet the objective. To the three groups of taxpayers (single, married and head of household) were applied federal and state taxation on natural persons income, social security and health insurance contributions, and sales tax. The cross‑sectional analysis is focused on 2012. The results of the comparative analysis led to the identification of fiscally attractive areas of agribusiness (South and North Dakota ‑ regardless of the taxpayer status, Ohio) and to the confirmation of the assumption that there are significant differences between the states surveyed – particularly as regards the sales tax where a deviation of tax liability from the lowest tax burden of 74.99% was identified.
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Han, Junming, Xiaolei Guo, Li Zhao, Huan Zhang, Siqi Ma, Yan Li, Deli Zhao, Jialin Wang, and Fuzhong Xue. "Development and Validation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Prediction Models Based on an Endoscopic Screening Program." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): e2253148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53148.
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ImportanceAssessment tools are lacking for screening of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in China, especially for the follow-up stage. Risk prediction to optimize the screening procedure is urgently needed.ObjectiveTo develop and validate ESCC prediction models for identifying people at high risk for follow-up decision-making.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open, prospective multicenter diagnostic study has been performed since September 1, 2006, in Shandong Province, China. This study used baseline and follow-up data until December 31, 2021. The data were analyzed between April 6 and May 31, 2022. Eligibility criteria consisted of rural residents aged 40 to 69 years who had no contraindications for endoscopy. Among 161 212 eligible participants, those diagnosed with cancer or who had cancer at baseline, did not complete the questionnaire, were younger than 40 years or older than 69 years, or were detected with severe dysplasia or worse lesions were eliminated from the analysis.ExposuresRisk factors obtained by questionnaire and endoscopy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPathological diagnosis of ESCC and confirmation by cancer registry data.ResultsIn this diagnostic study of 104 129 participants (56.39% women; mean [SD] age, 54.31 [7.64] years), 59 481 (mean [SD] age, 53.83 [7.64] years; 58.55% women) formed the derivation set while 44 648 (mean [SD] age, 54.95 [7.60] years; 53.51% women) formed the validation set. A total of 252 new cases of ESCC were diagnosed during 424 903.50 person-years of follow-up in the derivation cohort and 61 new cases from 177 094.10 person-years follow-up in the validation cohort. Model A included the covariates age, sex, and number of lesions; model B included age, sex, smoking status, alcohol use status, body mass index, annual household income, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases, consumption of pickled food, number of lesions, distinct lesions, and mild or moderate dysplasia. The Harrell C statistic of model A was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.83) in the derivation set and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.93) in the validation set; the Harrell C statistic of model B was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95), respectively. The models also had good calibration performance and clinical usefulness.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this diagnostic study suggest that the models developed are suitable for selecting high-risk populations for follow-up decision-making and optimizing the cancer screening process.
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Guibreteau, Hélène, Arnaud Tarantola, Cyrille Goarant, Shirley Gervolino, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Julien Colot, Cécile Cazorla, and Elise Klement-Frutos. "Clinical Evaluation of the Modified Faine Criteria in Patients Admitted with Suspected Leptospirosis to the Territorial Hospital, New Caledonia, 2018 to 2019." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0352.
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ABSTRACT. Leptospirosis is endemic in New Caledonia. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and its evolution can be fatal. Leptospirosis requires specific management before biological confirmation. Modified Faine criteria (Faine Score) have been suggested to diagnose leptospirosis on epidemiological (parts A and B) and biological (part C) criteria. The main objective of our study was to assess the relevance of the epidemiological–clinical modified Faine score, parts A and B (MF A + B), in patients with suspected leptospirosis in New Caledonia. A monocentric case–control study was conducted in suspect patients for whom a Leptospira polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done within the first 7 days of signs onset at the tertiary hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. Cases and control subjects were matched 1:2 in the gender and age categories. Bivariate, and then multivariable, analyses studied the association between the MF A + B score and a positive Leptospira PCR test, adjusted on the variables retained. In all, 35 cases and 70 control subjects matched for age and gender were analyzed. Multivariable analysis by logistic regression found a significant association between an MF A + B score taken from the categories “possible leptospirosis” (score, 20–25) and “presumed leptospirosis” (score, > 26), and the case or control subject status (P < 0.0001). Model performance was high, with an area under the curve value of 99.27%, 93.55% sensitivity, and 96.36% specificity, which classified subjects correctly in 95.35% of cases. Our study suggests using the MF A + B score to identify possible cases of leptospirosis and initiate antibiotic therapy before biological confirmation in New Caledonia. This score should be evaluated in areas where more differential diagnoses exist and where PCR is not widely available.
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Zhang, Suhong, Shuang Liu, Zheng Lin, Juwei Zhang, Zhifeng Lin, Haiyin Fang, and Zhijian Hu. "Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Based on Necroptosis-Related Genes." Genes 13, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122243.
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Necroptosis is a newly developed cell death pathway that differs from necrosis and apoptosis; however, the potential mechanism of necroptosis-related genes in EAC and whether they are associated with the prognosis of EAC patients remain unclear. We obtained 159 NRGs from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and performed differential expression analysis of the NRGs in 9 normal samples and 78 EAC tumor samples derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Finally, we screened 38 differentially expressed NRGs (DE-NRGs). The results of the GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the DE-NRGs were mainly enriched in the functions and pathways associated with necroptosis. Protein interaction network (PPI) analysis revealed that TNF, CASP1, and IL-1B were the core genes of the network. A risk score model based on four DE-NRGs was constructed by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and the results showed that the higher the risk score, the worse the survival. The model achieved more efficient diagnosis compared with the clinicopathological variables, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.885. The prognostic value of this model was further validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) demonstrated that several metabolism-related pathways were activated in the high-risk population. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) provided further confirmation that this prognostic model was remarkably associated with the immune status of EAC patients. Finally, the nomogram map exhibited a certain prognostic prediction efficiency, with a C-index of 0.792 and good consistency. Thus, the prognostic model based on four NRGs could better predict the prognosis of EAC and help to elucidate the mechanism of necroptosis-related genes in EAC, which can provide guidance for the target prediction and clinical treatment of EAC patients.
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Kuwabara, Miki, Koji Oba, Nao Takano, Noritoshi Nagamine, Yoko Maruyama, Nobuhiro Ito, Izumi Watanabe, Chikako Ikeda, and Junichi Sakamoto. "An exploratory questionnaire survey about overwork on mental health of Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-01-2020-0002.
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Purpose Occupational stress-relating overwork among teachers predispose to mental disorders and eventually lead to long leave from work. Although some studies have been conducted to assess these problems among elementary and junior high school teachers, a quantitative investigation has been limited to date. In this study, the authors sought to explore the association between overwork and mental stress among Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out on 294 Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers. The respondents filled a questionnaire on personal data, and occupational stress reaction was evaluated by Japanese version of Brief Job Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between overwork information and psychological and physical stress. Findings Working during holidays was significantly likely to increase psychological and physical stress reactions among elementary school teachers (adjusted mean difference = −1.67, 95% CI: −2.81 to −0.54) and junior high school teachers (adjusted mean difference = −5.24, 95% CI: −9.60 to −0.87). A weakly positive association was found between high risk of psychological and physical stress and marital status (p = 0.005), teacher in charge of class (p = 0.015) among elementary school teachers. Originality/value This study indicated an association between working during holidays and psychological and physical stress reactions among elementary and junior high school teachers after adjusting for sociodemographic and work-related status. Further study for the confirmation of this finding is warranted.
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Schwint, O. Nicolas, Massaro W. Ueti, Guy H. Palmer, Lowell S. Kappmeyer, Melissa T. Hines, R. Timothy Cordes, Donald P. Knowles, and Glen A. Scoles. "Imidocarb Dipropionate Clears Persistent Babesia caballi Infection with Elimination of Transmission Potential." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 10 (July 20, 2009): 4327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00404-09.
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ABSTRACT Antimicrobial treatment of persistent infection to eliminate transmission risk represents a specific challenge requiring compelling evidence of complete pathogen clearance. The limited repertoire of antimicrobial agents targeted at protozoal parasites magnifies this challenge. Using Babesia caballi as both a model and a specific apicomplexan pathogen for which evidence of the elimination of transmission risk is required for international animal movement, we tested whether a high-dose regimen of imidocarb dipropionate cleared infection from persistently infected asymptomatic horses and/or eliminated transmission risk. Clearance with elimination of transmission risk was supported by the following four specific lines of evidence: (i) inability to detect parasites by quantitative PCR and nested PCR amplification, (ii) conversion from seropositive to seronegative status, (iii) inability to transmit infection by direct inoculation of blood into susceptible recipient horses, and (iv) inability to transmit infection by ticks acquisition fed on the treated horses and subsequently transmission fed on susceptible horses. In contrast, untreated horses remained infected and capable of transmitting B. caballi using the same criteria. These findings establish that imidocarb dipropionate treatment clears B. caballi infection with confirmation of lack of transmission risk either by direct blood transfer or a high tick burden. Importantly, the treated horses revert to seronegative status according to the international standard for serologic testing and would be permitted to move between countries where the pathogen is endemic and countries that are free of the pathogen.
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Zampieri, Fernando G., Pedro Póvoa, Jorge I. Salluh, Alejandro Rodriguez, Sandrine Valade, José Andrade Gomes, Jean Reignier, et al. "Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Short-Term Outcome in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 6 (April 26, 2018): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618772498.
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Objective: To assess whether ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTIs) are associated with mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Materials and Methods: Post hoc analysis of prospective cohort study including mechanically ventilated patients from a multicenter prospective observational study (TAVeM study); VA-LRTI was defined as either ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) based on clinical criteria and microbiological confirmation. Association between intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients having ARDS with and without VA-LRTI was assessed through logistic regression controlling for relevant confounders. Association between VA-LRTI and duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay was assessed through competing risk analysis. Contribution of VA-LRTI to a mortality model over time was assessed through sequential random forest models. Results: The cohort included 2960 patients of which 524 fulfilled criteria for ARDS; 21% had VA-LRTI (VAT = 10.3% and VAP = 10.7%). After controlling for illness severity and baseline health status, we could not find an association between VA-LRTI and ICU mortality (odds ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.62-1.83; P = .796); VA-LRTI was also not associated with prolonged ICU length of stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. The relative contribution of VA-LRTI to the random forest mortality model remained constant during time. The attributable VA-LRTI mortality for ARDS was higher than the attributable mortality for VA-LRTI alone. Conclusion: After controlling for relevant confounders, we could not find an association between occurrence of VA-LRTI and ICU mortality in patients with ARDS.
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Lopez-Ridaura, Ruy, Karl P. Puchner, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Isabel Vieitez, and Martín Lajous. "Stature is inversely associated with self-reported diabetes in middle-aged Mexican women." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (March 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.32.
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Objective. To investigate whether stature is associated with two highly prevalent cardiom- etabolic disorders—diabetes mellitus (DM) and high blood pressure (HBP) —in middle-aged Mexican women. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 93 481 middle-aged Mexican female teachers, all participating in the Mexican Teachers Cohort (MTC, or ESMaestras) study. We used a multivariable regression model to investigate the association of stature quintiles with the self-reported outcomes of DM and HBP. Results. After adjusting for birth cohort, ethnicity, family history, birthweight, occupation of household’s head during participant’s childhood, menopausal status, and geographical region of birthplace, stature was inversely associated with DM, with the odds for DM being 9% higher in the lowest stature quintile when compared to the highest stature quintile. Stratification for location of residence resulted in confirmation of the above-mentioned findings only in partici- pants living in urban environments. Conclusions. We found an inverse association of stature with DM but not with HBP. Our data suggest that urban setting might be an important effect modifier of this association, which merits further investigation since it might provide valuable insights into the epidemiological transition occurring in developing countries.
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Subramaniam, Somasundaram, Juan Yang, Daphne Lichtensztajn, and Christina A. Clarke. "A California population-based study on long-term survivors of hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.195.
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195 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming increasingly common in the United States and long-term survival remains dismal, with only 15% of patients surviving more than 5 years. Little is known about the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who survive. Methods: Using data from the California Cancer Registry, a member of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, we identified all patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between 1988 and 2007. Patients were included if they had pathological, clinical, laboratory or radiological confirmation of diagnosis. Patient’s demographic information including socio-economic status, summary stage, tumor characteristics and treatment details were included in the analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) for survival were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results: We identified 19,855 patients with a median age of diagnosis of 63. Patients were predominantly male (74.4%). The majority of patients were Non-Hispanic Whites (38.1%) followed by Asian and Pacific Islander (API) (30.4%) and Hispanics (23.2%). Of the entire cohort, 3546 (17.9%) survived at least 3 years. Amongst long-term survivors, when classified by summary stage, 2552 (72%) were localized, 556 (15.7%) regional, 217 (6.1%) remote and 221 (6.2%) unknown. In a multivariate model, variables associated with survival were resection or transplant (HR 0.31), liver-directed therapies (0.53), chemotherapy (0.64), academic status of treating hospital (0.74), API race (0.832), highest socio-economic status quintile (0.88), female gender (0.93) and Hispanic race (0.94). When stratified by summary stage, API race, receipt of surgery, receipt of liver-directed therapies and treatment in an academic hospital remained significantly associated with long-term survival across all stages. Conclusions: Patients who survive for 3 years after a diagnosis of HCC have distinct demographic and clinical characteristics from patients who do not survive.
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Bacanovic, Oliver. "Legal protection of victims under criminal law in the Republic of Macedonia." Temida 11, no. 1 (2008): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0801025b.
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The author tried to outline the status of crime victims in Macedonian criminal and juvenile legislation by analyzing three legal texts referring to legal protection of victims under criminal law in the Republic of Macedonia (the Criminal Code, the Law on Criminal Procedure Act and the Law on Juvenile Justice). The basic questions which have been analyzed from the criminal substantial aspect include: the rights and interests of the victims as a consistent part of contemporary criminal policy and Criminal Code reforms, the elements of diversion model based on concept of restorative justice in criminal legislation and victimology aspects of some significant novelties in the special part of criminal law. In this article two dimensions dealing with a change of status of damaged person in criminal procedure of the Republic of Macedonia have been analyzed, while taking into consideration new trends and comparative experiences in this field. One dimension is the role of the damaged person and incorporation of elements of restorative justice in the criminal procedure, while the other dimension includes help and support of the victims and prevention of their secondary victimization. While analyzing suitable provisions of the Law on Juvenile Justice, the author focuses on its solutions that deserve more attention because of its innovations. The consequent realization of the concept on which this law is based on, and in which the victim, at the same time, has a significant role is another confirmation of the rule that the changes of juvenile legislation creates good basis for future reforms of criminal legislation regarding the adult offenders.
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Saleem, Farrukh, and Bahjat Fakieh. "Enterprise Architecture and Organizational Benefits: A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 8237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198237.
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Enterprise architecture (EA) is a framework that consists of multiple processes to align business strategies with information technology (IT) architecture. It helps the organization standardize business operations and incorporate systems in different layers to achieve business goals and organizational benefits. This study focuses on identifying organizational benefits that can be achieved through EA implementation. The study comprises three main phases: (i) benefits realization (from literature review), (ii) benefits reconfirmation (from EA experts), and (iii) benefits validation (through a case study). Specifically, the benefits considered in this study are related to EA products, services, and strategies are known as: (i) business agility, (ii) creating competitive advantage, and (iii) increasing value. The study covers a vast literature review to define the current status of EA and organizational benefits. In addition, the study incorporates a number of measuring factors for each EA benefits with the help of a literature review. The initial findings reconfirmed and modified based on the experts’ opinions collected through interview sessions. The research applied the grounded theory and qualitative approach to analyze the interview sessions. Accordingly, using the experts’ advice, we proposed a model to show the steps and guidelines for assessing EA organizational benefits using corresponding measuring factors and sub-criteria. Finally, the proposed model validated through an in-depth case study to get final confirmation and see the model fits reality. Overall, this research highlight the potential benefits an organization can achieve from EA framework implementation. The proposed framework can assist EA decision-makers to understand and realize the EA benefits and its assessment process.
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Rashidi, Hooman H., John Pepper, Taylor Howard, Karina Klein, Larissa May, Samer Albahra, Brett Phinney, Michelle R. Salemi, and Nam K. Tran. "Comparative performance of two automated machine learning platforms for COVID-19 detection by MALDI-TOF-MS." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 29, 2022): e0263954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263954.
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The 2019 novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an unsustainable need for diagnostic tests. Currently, molecular tests are the accepted standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Mass spectrometry (MS) enhanced by machine learning (ML) has recently been postulated to serve as a rapid, high-throughput, and low-cost alternative to molecular methods. Automated ML is a novel approach that could move mass spectrometry techniques beyond the confines of traditional laboratory settings. However, it remains unknown how different automated ML platforms perform for COVID-19 MS analysis. To this end, the goal of our study is to compare algorithms produced by two commercial automated ML platforms (Platforms A and B). Our study consisted of MS data derived from 361 subjects with molecular confirmation of COVID-19 status including SARS-CoV-2 variants. The top optimized ML model with respect to positive percent agreement (PPA) within Platforms A and B exhibited an accuracy of 94.9%, PPA of 100%, negative percent agreement (NPA) of 93%, and an accuracy of 91.8%, PPA of 100%, and NPA of 89%, respectively. These results illustrate the MS method’s robustness against SARS-CoV-2 variants and highlight similarities and differences in automated ML platforms in producing optimal predictive algorithms for a given dataset.
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Zgierska, Aleksandra, Chidi N. Obasi, Roger Brown, Tola Ewers, Daniel Muller, Michele Gassman, Shari Barlow, and Bruce Barrett. "Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection: Possible Mechanisms of Action." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/952716.
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Background. A randomized trial suggests that meditation and exercise may prevent acute respiratory infection (ARI). This paper explores potential mediating mechanisms.Methods. Community-recruited adults were randomly assigned to three nonblinded arms: 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (N=51), moderate-intensity exercise (N=51), or wait-list control (N=52). Primary outcomes were ARI illness burden (validated Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey). Potential mediators included self-reported psychophysical health and exercise intensity (baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months). A Baron and Kenny approach-based mediational analysis model, adjusted for group status, age, and gender, evaluated the relationship between the primary outcome and a potential mediator using zero-inflated modeling and Sobel testing.Results. Of 154 randomized, 149 completed the trial (51, 47, and 51 in meditation, exercise, and control groups) and were analyzed (82% female, 94% Caucasian, 59.3 ± SD 6.6 years old). Mediational analyses suggested that improved mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) at 3 months may mediate intervention effects on ARI severity and duration (P<0.05); 1 point increase in the mindfulness score corresponded to a shortened ARI duration by 7.2–9.6 hours.Conclusions. Meditation and exercise may decrease the ARI illness burden through increased mindfulness. These preliminary findings need confirmation, if confirmed, they would have important policy and clinical implications. This trial registration was Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT01057771.
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Djoussé, Luc, Marlena Maziarz, Mary L. Biggs, Joachim H. Ix, Susan J. Zieman, Jorge R. Kizer, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, et al. "Plasma Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Older Adults." Cardiology Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/181054.
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Although fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) may increase risk of diabetes and exert negative cardiac inotropy, it is unknown whether plasma concentrations of FABP4 are associated with incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We prospectively analyzed data on 4,560 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study. FABP4 was measured at baseline using ELISA, and SCD events were adjudicated through review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards to estimate effect measures. During a median followup of 11.8 years, 146 SCD cases occurred. In a multivariable model adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors, relative risk of SCD associated with each higher standard deviation (SD) of plasma FABP4 was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.95–1.38),P=0.15. In a secondary analysis stratified by prevalent diabetes status, FABP4 was associated with higher risk of SCD in nondiabetic participants, (RR per SD higher FABP4: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07–1.65),P=0.009) but not in diabetic participants (RR per SD higher FABP4: 0.88 (95% CI: 0.62–1.27),P=0.50),Pfor diabetes-FABP4 interaction 0.049. In summary, a single measure of plasma FABP4 obtained later in life was not associated with the risk of SCD in older adults overall. Confirmation of our post-hoc results in nondiabetic people in other studies is warranted.
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Kikuchi, Eiji, Vitaly Margulis, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Marco Roscigno, Shuji Mikami, Yair Lotan, Mesut Remzi, et al. "Lymphovascular Invasion Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Node-Negative Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 4 (February 1, 2009): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.17.2361.
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Purpose To assess the association of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) with cancer recurrence and survival in a large international series of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Patients and Methods Data were collected on 1,453 patients treated with RNU at 13 academic centers and combined into a relational database. Pathologic slides were rereviewed by genitourinary pathologists according to strict criteria. LVI was defined as presence of tumor cells within an endothelium-lined space. Results LVI was observed in 349 patients (24%). Proportion of LVI increased with advancing tumor stage, high tumor grade, presence of tumor necrosis, sessile tumor architecture, and presence of lymph node metastasis (all P < .001). LVI was an independent predictor of disease recurrence and survival (P < .001 for both). Addition of LVI to the base model (comprising pathologic stage, grade, and lymph node status) marginally improved its predictive accuracy for both disease recurrence and survival (1.1%, P = .03; and 1.7%, P < .001, respectively). In patients with negative lymph nodes and those in whom a lymphadenectomy was not performed (n = 1,313), addition of LVI to the base model improved the predictive accuracy of the base model for both disease recurrence and survival by 3% (P < .001 for both). In contrast, LVI was not associated with disease recurrence or survival in node-positive patients (n = 140). Conclusion LVI was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in nonmetastatic patients who underwent RNU for UTUC. Assessment of LVI may help identify patients who could benefit from multimodal therapy after RNU. After confirmation, LVI should be included in staging of UTUC.
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Meiliana, Sylvie. "EKSISTENSI TRADISI LISAN CAKAP LUMAT DALAM UPACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN KARO." LITERA 19, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i1.30478.
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Masyarakat Karo selalu menggunakan tradisi lisan dalam berbagai jenis kegiatan upacara adat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan masyarakat Karo adalah Cakap Lumat yang digunakan dalam upacara adat perkawinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelaku, bentuk kebahasaan, dan fungsi tuturan dalam tradisi lisan Cakap Lumat dalam upacara adat masyarakat Karo. Sumber data penelitian adalah tuturan lisan Cakap Lumat dalam upacara adat perkawinan karo di Dusun Tongkoh, Desa Dolat Rakyat, Kecamatan Dolat Rakyat dengan informan kunci Nande Beru Tarigan. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik perekaman dan transkripsi. Anasisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi dengan model alir. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, tuturan Cakap Lumat dilakukan oleh seseorang sesuai posisinya dalam status sosial, yakni kalimbubu, senina, dan anak beru. Kedua, bentuk kebahasan Cakap Lumat, yaitu bahasa kiasan dan perumpamaan. Ketiga, Cakap Lumat berfungsi untuk ucapan salam, ucapan doa, konfirmasi, pujian, dan nasehat. Kata kunci: tradisi lisan, bentuk dan fungsi Cakap Lumat, masyarakat Karo EXISTENCE OF ORAL TRADITIOAN CAKAP LUMAT IN WEDDING CEREMONY IN KARO SOCIETY AbstractThe Karo people always use oral traditions in various types of traditional ceremonial activities. One form of the oral traditions of the Karo people is Cakap Lumat which is used in traditional marriage ceremonies. This study is aimed at describing the speech performers, forms of language, and the function of the oral tradition of Cakap Lumat in the traditional ceremony of the Karo community. The data source of the study is oral speech of Cakap Lumat in a traditional karo marriage ceremony in Tongkoh village, Dolat Rakyat Village, Dolat Rakyat District with key informant Nande Beru Tarigan. Data collection is by recording and transcription techniques. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques with flow models. The results of the study are as follows. First, Cakap Lumat is done by someone according to his/her position in social status, namely kalimbubu, senina, and anak beru. Second, the forms of the language of Cakap Lumat are figurative language and parables. Third, the function of Cakap Lumat is for giving greetings, blessing, confirmation, praise, and advice. .Keywords: oral tradition, form and function, Cakap Lumat, Karo people
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Hofman, Björn, Gerdien de Vries, and Geerten van de Kaa. "Keeping Things as They Are: How Status Quo Biases and Traditions along with a Lack of Information Transparency in the Building Industry Slow Down the Adoption of Innovative Sustainable Technologies." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 8188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138188.
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Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of this century. To contain its effects, the way we act would have to change significantly. Especially in the building sector, much progress can be made. Attempts have been made to stimulate sustainable behavior in the industry, for example, by implementing sustainable building measures in construction designs. However, adoption rates of these measures are low and behavioral change among building professionals is needed. Knowing why building professionals hold back in their use of these measures could support this behavioral change. This knowledge could, for example, inform energy policies or organizational strategies. That is why this study utilized the technology acceptance model and presents psychological factors as barriers to innovative sustainable building measure adoption in an organizational context. A survey among building professionals involved in real estate development (n = 109) was used to explore how conservatism within the building industry hinders adopting the building measures. To represent conservatism, we selected two cognitive biases that can be interpreted as a manifestation of status quo bias and confirmation bias, both fueled by information hassle (a micro-stressor caused by complex information). The effects of these variables on the adoption of sustainable building measures were tested using structural equation modeling, a methodology suitable for testing complex models and commonly used in behavioral research. Survey data indicate that conservatism is an essential barrier for building professionals to adopt sustainable building measures and that it increases when knowledge is low and information is complex. Based on these findings, we argue that policies and organizational strategies that attack these psychological barriers could promote the adoption of innovative sustainable building measures within the building sector.
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Dalia, Samir, Julio C. Chavez, Celeste M. Bello, Paul A. Chervenick, Bryan J. Little, Najla H. Al Ali, Lubomir Sokol, et al. "A New Prognostic Index In Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using Serum Albumin: A Pilot Study Evaluating The Albumin Adjusted-International Prognostic Index (A-IPI)." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4267.4267.
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Abstract Introduction Low serum albumin (SA) has been identified as a prognostic marker in multiple hematological malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Low SA may be an indicator of worsening disease biology, increased inflammation, or increased co-morbidities. Changing demographics and improved care of the elderly may abrogate some of the risk attributable to age. SA, however, may not be influenced by such changes. Currently the Revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI), the currently best accepted model for prognosis in DLBCL, does not account for albumin. We therefore explored the use of albumin as a prognostic variable in conjunction with the covariates included in the R-IPI. Methods Patients with DLBCL treated between 2007-2010 with RCHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) were retrospectively identified using the Moffitt Total Cancer Care platform. Age, ECOG performance status, LDH, extrandoal sites of disease, stage, and albumin were collected and analyzed using Random Forest Modeling. Both age and extranodal involvement failed to retain statistical significance and were dropped from the model, leading to the generation of a new algorithm, the Albumin Adjusted IPI (A-IPI). This score assigned a point for SA<3.7g/dL, LDH >the upper limit of normal, ECOG performance status >=2, and Ann Arbor stage III-IV. Progression free and overall survival was compared by the risk groups using Kaplan-Meier curves along with the log rank test. Statistical analysis was done using R statistical software. Results A total of 124 patients were identified. Median age was 58 years with 62% male. 46% were over the age of 60 at diagnosis and 63% were Ann Arbor stage 3 or 4. The A-IPI score identified three groups of patients (Very good: A-IPI=0, Good: A-IPI=1-2, Poor: A-IPI=3-4), similar to the R-IPI. PFS and OS at 4 years were compared using the A-IPI and R-IPI (Table 1). Conclusions In comparison to the R-IPI, the A-IPI appears to better define poor risk patients while retaining the ability to discriminate well between low (“Very Good”) and intermediate (“Good”) risk groups. Confirmation in a larger and prospective cohort is indicated, however, these preliminary data suggest SA may be a better surrogate for co-morbid status, pro-inflammatory states, and worse disease biology than age in patients with DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Degabriele, Racheal, and Jim Lagopoulos. "A review of EEG and ERP studies in bipolar disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 21, no. 2 (April 2009): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00359.x.
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Objective:The electroencephalogram (EEG) can be a useful tool in determining differences in general neural activity and specific waveforms in individuals with a number of psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to outline and discuss significant findings in EEG and event-related potential (ERP) research into bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:A literature review was performed through searches of MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo medical research databases for papers published from 1985 onwards. References of selected articles were also examined for other relevant studies.Results:Differences in general EEG data were found in subjects with BD, namely increased theta and delta and decreased alpha wave bands. Changes in EEG were also found in euthymic BD subjects and those undergoing medication programmes. ERP studies commonly report prolonged latencies and reduced amplitudes in the P300 component. Hyperfunctioning of the right hemisphere in BD was also reported in some studies, although further confirmation of this finding is required. Finally, the effects of medication and the role that genetics plays in EEG still remain unclear.Conclusions:The literature reviewed demonstrates supporting evidence for the presence of significant differences in EEG and ERP data in subjects with BD. However, methodological considerations such as varying mood states and medication status of the patients need to be followed more stringently for future research to bring about a robust model of the cognitive deficits of BD.