Academic literature on the topic 'Status-confirmation model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Status-confirmation model"
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Braden, L. E. A., and Thomas Teekens. "Reputation, Status Networks, and the Art Market." Arts 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030081.
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The effect of an artist’s prestige on the price of artwork is a well-known, central tenant in art market research. In considering how an artist’s prestige proliferates, much research examines networks, where certain artistic groupings and associations promote individual member’s artistic standing (i.e., “associative status networks”). When considering the role of associative status networks, there are two models by which status may increase. First, the confirmation model suggests that actors of similar status are associated with each other. Second, the increase model suggests that a halo effect occurs, whereby an individual’s status increases by association with higher-status artists. In this research, we examine the association of artists through museum exhibition to test confirmation versus increase models, ascertaining whether prestige acquisition is a selection or influence process. This research capitalizes on the retrospective digitization of exhibition catalogues, allowing for large-scale longitudinal analysis heretofore unviable for researchers. We use the exhibition history of 1148 artists from the digitized archives of three major Dutch museums (Stedelijk, Boijmans-Van Beuningen, Van Abbe) from 1930 to 1989, as well as data on artists’ market performance from artprice.com and bibliographic data from the WorldCat database. We then employ network analysis to examine the 60-year interplay of associative status networks and determine how different networks predict subsequent auction performance. We find that status connections may have a point of diminishing returns by which comparison to high prestige peers increases one’s own prestige to a point, after which a high-status comparison network becomes a liability.
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Jo, Jinhee. "Now or later? A dynamic analysis of judicial appointments." Journal of Theoretical Politics 29, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629816630433.
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Observing substantial variations in Senate confirmation durations, existing studies have tried to explain when the Senate takes more or less time to confirm presidential nominees. However, they have largely ignored the president’s incentives to nominate someone who he expects will be delayed and do not specify conditions under which delay occurs. To improve on existing literature, I develop a dynamic model of presidential appointments in which the Senate decides whether to delay as well as whether to confirm the nominee. The model shows that the president rationally chooses a nominee who he expects the Senate will delay if the status quo belongs to a certain interval in a one-dimensional policy space. Moreover, the president sometimes chooses a nominee who may fail to gain confirmation after a delay. Finally, the effects of important factors on expected confirmation duration are analyzed: most interestingly, as presidential popularity increases, the Senate takes longer to confirm the nominee.
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Keel, Rebecca A., Jared L. Crandon, and David P. Nicolau. "Pharmacokinetics and Pulmonary Disposition of Tedizolid and Linezolid in a Murine Pneumonia Model under Variable Conditions." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (March 19, 2012): 3420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06121-11.
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ABSTRACTIn vivopharmacokinetics are often evaluated in only one variation of an infection model, and the resulting exposures are assumed to be similar in each model. We evaluated and compared the effect of lung infection and immune status on the murine pharmacokinetics and pulmonary disposition of tedizolid and linezolid. Both factors resulted in differing blood and pulmonary exposure profiles, with similar trends for tedizolid and linezolid. These data highlight the importance of pharmacokinetic confirmation in each model.
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Cameron, Charles M., Albert D. Cover, and Jeffrey A. Segal. "Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees: A Neoinstitutional Model." American Political Science Review 84, no. 2 (June 1990): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963533.
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We develop and test a neoinstitutional model of Senate roll call voting on nominees to the Supreme Court. The statistical model assumes that Senators examine the characteristics of nominees and use their roll call votes to establish an electorally attractive position on the nominees. The model is tested with probit estimates on the 2,054 confirmation votes from Earl Warren to Anthony Kennedy. The model performs remarkably well in predicting the individual votes of Senators to confirm or reject nominees. Senators routinely vote to confirm nominees who are perceived as well qualified and ideologically proximate to Senators' constituents. When nominees are less well qualified and are relatively distant, however, Senators' votes depend to a large degree on the political environment, especially the status of the president.
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Meadows, Meghan, Meredith Ray, Matthew Smeltzer, Nicholas Faris, Carrie Fehnel, Olawale Akinbobola, Bianca Jackson, et al. "A comparison of two models of multidisciplinary lung cancer care within a community-based healthcare system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.36.
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36 Background: The Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Conference (MTOC) model is easier to implement than the Multidisciplinary Clinic (MDC) model, but does not directly involve patients in decision-making. We compared the processes and outcomes of lung cancer care between patients discussed in a weekly MTOC versus those seen in a MDC. Methods: Prospective observational study of thoroughness of staging, stage confirmation (defined as biopsy of the stage-defining lesion), National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment, overall (OS) and event-free (EFS) survival of lung cancer patients in a community healthcare system’s MDC and MTOC from 2014-2019. We used the chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate guideline-concordant treatment and stage confirmation; Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate OS and EFS. We adjusted models for age, sex, race, insurance, smoking status, and histology. Results: 614 patients received care in MDC; 571 in MTOC. MDC patients were older (median age: 69 vs. 67); less likely to be active smokers (44% vs. 47%; p=0.03); more likely to have bimodal (98% v 95%, p=0.02) and trimodal staging (60% v 46%, p<0.0001). The stage-confirmation rate (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.22-1.96) and mediastinal stage confirmation rate (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.95) were both significantly higher in MDC, even after adjustment (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.25-2.03); (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25-2.00). A higher proportion of patients received guideline-concordant treatment in MDC than in MTOC (82% vs. 73%; OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21-2.20) even after adjustment (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.20-2.24). However, MTOC patients had significantly better OS (p=0.03) and EFS (p=0.001) than MDC patients and a lower hazard of death (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.98), even after adjusting for confounding variables (aHR: 0.79 95%CI: 0.66-0.95). Conclusions: Although the processes of lung cancer care delivery were better in MDC than in MTOC, survival was better in MTOC. Patient selection may have played a role in these survival differences. The MTOC model, as implemented, seems competitive with the MDC model and is worthy of further exploration as a more feasible model of multidisciplinary care. [Table: see text]
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Peeken, Jan C., Mohamed A. Shouman, Markus Kroenke, Isabel Rauscher, Tobias Maurer, Jürgen E. Gschwend, Matthias Eiber, and Stephanie E. Combs. "A CT-based radiomics model to detect prostate cancer lymph node metastases in PSMA radioguided surgery patients." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 47, no. 13 (May 28, 2020): 2968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04864-1.
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Abstract Purpose In recurrent prostate carcinoma, determination of the site of recurrence is crucial to guide personalized therapy. In contrast to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, computed tomography (CT) has only limited capacity to detect lymph node metastases (LNM). We sought to develop a CT-based radiomic model to predict LNM status using a PSMA radioguided surgery (RGS) cohort with histological confirmation of all suspected lymph nodes (LNs). Methods Eighty patients that received RGS for resection of PSMA PET/CT-positive LNMs were analyzed. Forty-seven patients (87 LNs) that received inhouse imaging were used as training cohort. Thirty-three patients (62 LNs) that received external imaging were used as testing cohort. As gold standard, histological confirmation was available for all LNs. After preprocessing, 156 radiomic features analyzing texture, shape, intensity, and local binary patterns (LBP) were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (radiomic models) and logistic regression (conventional parameters) were used for modeling. Results Texture and shape features were largely correlated to LN volume. A combined radiomic model achieved the best predictive performance with a testing-AUC of 0.95. LBP features showed the highest contribution to model performance. This model significantly outperformed all conventional CT parameters including LN short diameter (AUC 0.84), LN volume (AUC 0.80), and an expert rating (AUC 0.67). In lymph node–specific decision curve analysis, there was a clinical net benefit above LN short diameter. Conclusion The best radiomic model outperformed conventional measures for detection of LNM demonstrating an incremental value of radiomic features.
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Gainor, L., A. M. Parsons, L. A. Parker, F. C. Detterbeck, T. Stinchcombe, and D. N. Hayes. "Predictive model for mediastinal lymph node status at the time of mediastinoscopy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 18004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18004.
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18004 Background: Mediastinal lymph node (N2) positivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is suspected based on imaging such as CT or PET scan, with confirmation by mediastinoscopy. However, the most accurate clinical information in predicting N2 status is controversial. Methods: We reviewed 147 candidates for NSCLC resection (2000–2005) who had clinical database information available and had undergone mediastinoscopy. Using suspected clinical predictors of mediastinal metastasis available prior to mediastinoscopy, we constructed a predictive model of N2 status. Results: The largest N2 node short-axis diameter on CT was by far the most influential factor in the model. Three other predictors for N2 node positivity were significant (p<0.05) in univariate analysis: indistinct tumor borders and mediastinal invasion on CT, and mediastinal PET scan positivity. However, all were less influential than N2 size on CT. Using logistic regression, these factors can be used to predict probability of positive N2 biopsy in an individual patient. The resulting diagnostic test had a ROC (receiver operator characteristic) area of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity-specificity pairing of 75% and 73%. 35% (51/147) of patients analyzed had at least one N2 node positive at mediastinoscopy. 39% (57/147) of patients had PET scan data available, and 82% (120/147) had CT data available. Conclusions: Of available data in early-stage NSCLC patients, mediastinal lymph node size on CT scan was more important than PET scan or other CT scan findings in predicting probability of positive mediastinoscopy. A predictive model is useful in more accurately determining need for invasive staging by mediastinoscopy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Margari, Niki, Abraham Pouliakis, Aris Spathis, Emmanouil Mastorakis, Efthymios Karakostas, Spiridon Stergiopoulos, Ioannis Panayiotides, and Petros Karakitsos. "Quality Control and Telemedicine for BRAF V600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2015040102.
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The assessment of BRAF V600E mutations is important for prognosis and treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC), the standard methods for their identification are molecular biology techniques. In this study, the potential of image morphometry applied to cell nuclei and sequentially the use of a Classification And Regression Tree (CART) is investigated, in order to: identify morphometric features useful to characterize BRAF mutations, and to eventually produce an algorithm identifying BRAF mutation status. The 140 studied cases had histological confirmation and known BRAF mutation status identified via real-time PCR. The analysis revealed that nuclear features contributing to BRAF mutation status identification via the CART model are related mostly to nuclear color. According to the results there is evidence that BRAF V600E mutations can be identified by measurable image features. Therefore, the proposed method is useful for quality control of BRAF V600E mutations on cytological slides, can serve as alternative to PCR method and may be used for remote assessment.
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Tan, Chee Kiat, Ngai Moh Law, Han Seong Ng, and David Machin. "Simple Clinical Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Developing Countries and Its Validation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 12 (June 15, 2003): 2294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.03.151.
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Purpose: More than 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) worldwide occur in developing countries, especially in Asia. It often presents at an advanced stage beyond treatment. In this circumstance, a simple prognostic model is useful. Previous prognostic models require radiologic and laboratory investigations that are not readily available in developing countries. Our aim is to formulate and then validate a simple clinical prognostic model for HCC in an Asian population using only clinical parameters and with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as the sole laboratory test. Patients and Methods: Cox regression modeling was performed on several clinical parameters and serum AFP level in 397 patients with HCC who received only supportive care in Singapore. A later group of 324 HCC patients from an Asia-Pacific–wide randomized trial was then used to validate the model. Results: Ascites, physical performance status, and serum AFP were independently predictive of survival. Cox analysis yielded a simple score based on these three variables that categorizes patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups with 6-month survivals of 43%, 21%, and 5%, respectively. The prospective validation data provided corresponding estimates of 33%, 15%, and 3% and give confirmation of the utility of the simple model. Conclusion: We have formulated and prospectively validated a simple prognostic score for untreated HCC that only requires a clinical evaluation for ascites and physical performance status and measurement of serum AFP. This simple model is particularly apt for developing country circumstances and can also be used to select patients for treatment trials.
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DEDOVICH, DMITRY, and ALEXEY ZHEMCHUGOV. "ON THE "LSND ANOMALY"." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 10 (March 28, 2012): 1230012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312300121.
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In the LSND experiment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a larger than expected [Formula: see text] signal was observed and interpreted as evidence of the oscillation [Formula: see text] with Δm2 in the range of 0.2–10 eV2. Since such a Δm2 range is incompatible with the widely accepted model of oscillations between three light neutrino species, and since there was no confirmation from other neutrino experiments, this finding became known as the "LSND anomaly". If true, it would require the existence of at least one "sterile" neutrino which calls the Standard Model of particle physics in a nontrivial way into question. This review discusses the current status of the "LSND anomaly", including the prospects of further experimental checks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Status-confirmation model"
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Mohr, Philip Benjamin. "Reconciling the roles of status and behaviour in group influence: towards a status-confirmation model." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80392.
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This thesis addresses the task of reconciling two discrete bodies of evidence relating to the emergence of influence hierarchies in small groups. Reviews are presented of research (1) documenting the phenomenon of status generalisation, and (2) identifying individual differences in nonverbal behavioural style as the basis of group differentiation. It is argued that previous attempts to integrate the two fields are flawed on two counts: the failure to differentiate empirically between the effects of nonverbal signals and those of differential task
performance, and the corresponding tendency to depict such behavioural signals as a sufficient determinant of group structure. Findings obtained with behaviour separated from performance support the view that effects previously attributed to behavioural stimuli derived, instead, from differential task performance. A status-confirmation model of the interactive effects of status and behaviour is proposed and evaluated. The primary assumption - that behavioural confidence and the initiation of activity represent claims to situational status - was endorsed by undergraduate subjects' accounts of the likely behaviour of a group member who seeks to attain group leadership. That established, the status-confirmation model proposes behavioural status-claims to be subject to confirmation or denial on the basis of the external status or competence of the claimant. Results of a field study, using extraversion as an index of a status claiming behavioural style, support this argument; extraversion differentiated observer-rated influence of group members ranked high on either diffuse or specific status, but not those ranked uniformly high or low on both. The latter case, in particular, is inconsistent with the view that behavioural confidence plays an independent causal role, comparable to that of external status, in hierarchy formation.
Evidence, also noted, of the ability of external status to influence the perception of behaviour, permits reconciliation of the status-confirmation model with the research base of status characteristics theory. Indications that the effects of behaviour on hierarchy formation are due to the pre-emption of leadership rather than the communication of confidence are considered, and the implications for the direction and methodology of future research discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Psychology, 1993
Books on the topic "Status-confirmation model"
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Gendler, Tamar Szabó, and John Hawthorne, eds. Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 6. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833314.001.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Epistemology is a biennial publication offering a regular snapshot of state-of-the-art work in this important field. Under the guidance of a distinguished editorial board composed of leading epistemologists in North America, Europe and Australasia, it publishes exemplary papers in epistemology, broadly construed. Topics within its purview include: (a) traditional epistemological questions concerning the nature of belief, justification, and knowledge, the status of skepticism, the nature of the a priori, etc.; (b) new developments in epistemology, including movements such as naturalized epistemology, feminist epistemology, social epistemology, and virtue epistemology, and approaches such as contextualism; (c) foundational questions in decision-theory; (d) confirmation theory and other branches of philosophy of science that bear on traditional issues in epistemology; (e) topics in the philosophy of perception relevant to epistemology; (f) topics in cognitive science, computer science, developmental, cognitive, and social psychology that bear directly on traditional epistemological questions; and (g) work that examines connections between epistemology and other branches of philosophy, including work on testimony, the ethics of belief, etc. Topics addressed in volume 6 include the nature of perceptual justification, intentionality, modal knowledge, credences, epistemic supererogation, epistemic and rational norms, expressivism, skepticism, and pragmatic encroachment. The various writers make use of a variety of different tools and insights, including those of formal epistemology and decision theory, as well as traditional philosophical analysis and argumentation.
Conference papers on the topic "Status-confirmation model"
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Sriskandarajah, T., Arek Bedrossian, Graeme Roberts, Peter Tanscheit, Rafael F. Solano, Alexandre Hansen, and Bruno R. Antunes. "Evaluation of the Operational Behaviour of a Deepwater Oil Export Pipeline Designed on the Basis of Controlled Lateral Buckling." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50188.
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An account is given of the methods used to evaluate the operating structural performance of a reel laid deepwater oil HP/HT pipeline which had been designed based on the controlled lateral buckling principle. The objective was to develop a finite element (FE) model of the line based on its operating status and to use the model to confirm its present and future structural integrity. The line is surface laid on a fairly undulating soft clay seabed at its deep end and sand at the shallower end. It incorporates three different man-made buckle triggering mechanisms of buoyancy modules, dual sleepers and locally increased lateral curvature along its entire length. The steps involved in the inclusion of the in-situ operating condition of the pipeline, provided through various surveys made of the as-built and operating line and historical records of operating temperatures and pressures and flow rates made at inlet and outlet of the line, into the FE model, is discussed. Several key considerations essential for the successful development and validation of such an operation-based FE model, and for completion of the evaluation task, are highlighted in the paper. Also, a specific challenge encountered as a result of changes in regulatory guidelines on engineering critical assessments, from initial design to current evaluation stage, is discussed. The evaluation has demonstrated that it is feasible to carry out in-situ assessments of laterally buckling subsea lines, and that such assessments can provide not only reliable information regarding current and future structural integrity of the lines, but also invaluable confirmation of initial design data and rationale. This comparison between initial design and the actual operating behavior of the line is not included in this paper but will be described in detail in a future separate paper.
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Theuveny, Bertrand, Yakov Shumakov, and Beibit Akbayev. "Contingency Management During Clean-Up Operations in Deep Water Environments." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209955-ms.
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Abstract Clean-up and well start-up operations are often considered as routine operations. This paper provides insights on the proper planning processes to manage several potential contingencies during the initial flow of new wells in deep water environments. Examples of ill-planned operations quantify the downtime, reservoir damage and permanent productivity impairments. A review of the last 25 years of operations in deep water in various regions from the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Angola, East African, India, and Black Sea has led to a significant enhancement of the planning processes and execution techniques of initiating and displacing completion fluids out of the well bores. A weighed ranking of the individual causes of operational unconformities provides a prioritization of the necessary contingency plans that need to be addressed. They rank from MetOcean challenges (wind, heave, rain) to human induced activities or to well, reservoir or fluids "surprises". The key to the success of these operations lies mainly in the early determination of the mitigation's procedures. Unplanned shut-in during the early part of the clean-up (less than three hours) can lead to significant back flow of unwanted fluids to the formation and potential damage to the near well bore zone. The initial step of the process involves the ranking of the potential disruption that could occur in the specific operating area/fluid/geology settings. Next, the proposed methodology involves the systematic utilization of transient well bore models coupled with a near well bore model to simulate the various scenarios that may affect the flow. Sensitivities on parameters uncertainties or operational flexibility enable the determination of the worst-likely case scenario and for each of these (or combinations of), a workaround / contingency solution is virtually tested and verified. The cost/benefits of each contingency plan are evaluated and mapped in a traditional risk/frequency matrix. As a support to the well clean-up/start-up, an expected pressure / temperature / rate history is provided with dynamically set high and low alarm levels to enhance the governance of any operational unconformities. Real time monitoring of downhole and surface information allows the confirmation of the status of the clean-up/flowback at all time, and reduces the number of potential contingencies as the well is getting more and more cleaned-up. The paper provides a novel approach to define the global efficiency of clean-up and allows a computation of the environmental footprint of the operation and its contribution in terms of carbon intensity. Wells have been cleaned-up since the beginning of the petroleum industry.