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1
Ryrie, Alec. "John Knox’s International Network." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 14 (2012): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003872.
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In the early twentieth century, the city of Geneva added to its existing tourist attractions with one of the most peculiar items of civic commemoration in Europe. The Reformation Wall is a queasy monument to Geneva’s glorious past, in which the tensions and prejudices of a very particular view of the sixteenth century are frozen into stone. As one moves towards the centre of the monument, one draws closer to the Genevan fount of Reformed Christian truth. Luther and Zwingli are commemorated, tersely, at the wall’s outermost extremes. Further in, a series of friezes celebrate the deeds of Reformed Protestants in France, the Netherlands, Scotland and England. The monument’s centre, however, is the set of four larger-than-life statues, fixing the viewer with their stern gazes. Three of the figures are obvious. John Calvin himself, of course, stands to the fore. The wall is at heart a memorial to him, to the man who wished to be buried in an unmarked grave, and it was begun on the quatercentenary of his birth. He is joined by Guillaume Farel, the Frenchman who first established the Reformed Church in Geneva and persuaded Calvin to join him in his ministry there; and by Theodore de Béze, Calvin’s successor, biographer and systematizer.
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Chernysheva, Maria A. "Western Prototypes of Ivan Krylov Iconography." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 180–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.109.
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The article focuses on selected examples of the 19th century iconography of Ivan Krylov. Depictions of the poet are considered within the representational tradition that originated in the age of Enlightenment and reflected the transformation of writers into public figures and celebrities. This tradition highlighted the growing social influence of writers, as well as the growing power of society, which, regardless of the will of monarchs and state institutions, dictated literary reputations and chose idols for itself. Western prototypes most significant to Krylov’s iconography were the sculptural and pictorial representations of Voltaire acquired by Catherine II, and statues of Walter Scott installed in Scotland shortly after the novelist’s death. The article argues that Nicholas I paid special attention to these latest Scottish monuments when choosing among different concepts for the first monument to Krylov. The portrayals of famous writers evolved in the context of ideas of “great man” and “national poet”. The article examines the semantic variations with which the term “national poet” was used in Russia under Nicholas I. Representations of Krylov are analyzed not only as evidence of his personal literary reputation and public success, but also as markers of social influence that writers as a community were gaining at the time. In Russia, this process was, paradoxically, under the close and effective control of the state and of the tsar personally.
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Guite, Candace. "He Who Pays the Piper: Shifting Scottish Legal Landscapes." Legal Information Management 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669613000376.
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AbstractIf Scotland votes ‘Yes’ to the question ‘Should Scotland be an independent country?’ how will its relationship change with the remainder of the UK? A ‘yes’ vote will have huge financial, political and legal implications. This article, written by Candace Guite, considers the current role of the UK Supreme Court in Scotland, the recent conflict (to which the title alludes) and it reflects on Scotland's potential international status. The UK Government has argued that it would be regarded as the continuator state and an independent Scotland would be a successor state, and so, in the event of a ‘yes’ vote Scotland would have to re-apply for entry to the European Union and the United Nations. However, there are arguments to support the alternative option, that Scotland could be regarded as a co-equal successor state with England, and thus would retain EU and UN membership.
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Bort, Eberhard. "The Annals of the Parish: Referendum Year 2014." Scottish Affairs 24, no. 1 (February 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2015.0051.
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The decisive No vote in the Scottish independence referendum on 18 September 2014 was not a vote for the constitutional status quo, although it confirmed that Scotland would remain part of the United Kingdom. The referendum outcome is likely to have far-reaching consequences for the power relations between London and Edinburgh and, perhaps more than expected, for the constitutional future of the entire UK. A tight timetable for the delivery of extra powers for the Scottish Parliament is in place, and the ‘elephant in the room’, the constitutional status and governance of England, is now firmly on the agenda. There is also pressure for decentralisation in Scotland itself. And the huge ‘democratic awakening’ which characterised this ‘national conversation’ about Scotland's future, with massive democratic participation and a record turnout, demands that these changes will have to be brought about in a participative way – and not ‘top-down’, as a Westminster or Holyrood ‘stitch-up’.
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Bond, Ross. "Minorities and Diversity in Scotland: Evidence from the 2011 Census." Scottish Affairs 26, no. 1 (February 2017): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2017.0162.
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The relatively low proportion of people in ethnic and national minority groups in Scotland has been an obstacle for social research concerning these minorities, especially in characterising and comparing these populations using large scale data. The 2011 census offers an invaluable resource in this regard, especially at a time when minorities are growing to represent a more prominent and significant element in Scotland's population. This paper uses standard aggregate census data and data derived from a 5% sample of census returns to provide an overview and comparison of the six largest minority groups in Scotland, focusing on the origins, identities and socio-economic status of people within these groups. It not only highlights how different minorities contrast with each other and the majority population, but also illuminates the diversity that exists within these groups.
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Holligan, Christopher, and Robert McLean. "Violence as an Environmentally Warranted Norm amongst Working-Class Teenage Boys in Glasgow." Social Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7100207.
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This study aimed to contribute to knowledge about contexts of violent assault perpetrated by white working-class teenage boys in Scotland. Despite studies exploring Scotland’s adolescent street gangs, there remains a gap in research where the collateral damage caused by gangs to others of the same class, age, and gender has gone unrecognized. Drawing upon insights from qualitative interviews with young, male, former offenders in Scotland we found that violence contained a strategic logic designed to foster bonding to a delinquent group, whilst offering a celebrity status and manliness. The co-presence of a violent culture worsened the likelihood of ameliorating mentalities associated with anti-social behaviors, which appear endemic to masculinity. That context of violence is associated with the criminal offending of boys who, though they may not be gang members, were nevertheless ‘contaminated’ by the aggressive shadow cast by the protest masculinity of gang-conflicted territories in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Ahmed, Farrah, and Adam Perry. "THE QUASI-ENTRENCHMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES." Cambridge Law Journal 73, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 514–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197314000841.
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AbstractThe British constitution is famously unentrenched: constitutional laws are not intrinsically more difficult to override than ordinary laws. However, in the largely overlooked 2012 case of H v Lord Advocate, the Supreme Court said that the Scotland Act 1998 cannot be impliedly repealed due to its “fundamental constitutional” status. Unless judicial thinking changes, courts in the future may treat constitutional statutes, like the Scotland Act, as capable only of express repeal, making such statutes “quasi-entrenched”. In this article, we argue that, as a judicial innovation, the quasi-entrenchment of constitutional statutes lacks a sound legal basis. Parliament can make its intention to repeal a constitutional statute clear without making it express, and judges cannot, on their own initiative, ignore Parliament's clear decision to repeal even a constitutional statute.
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Steven, Martin. "Review: States of Scotland." Scottish Affairs 51 (First Serie, no. 1 (May 2005): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2005.0029.
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Kehoe, S. Karly. "Unionism, Nationalism and the Scottish Catholic Periphery, 1850–1930." Britain and the World 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0005.
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This article investigates the relationship between nationalism, unionism and Catholicism between 1850 and 1930 and proposes that ideas about the Scottish nation and national identity had a strong connection with the re-emergence and development of Catholicism. The presence of a large Irish-born and Irish-descended Catholic population meant that although there was a peripheral sensitivity to Ireland and an intellectual curiosity with Home Rule, indigenous Catholics remained deeply committed to the Scottish nation within the British state. A majority of Catholics in Scotland saw themselves as loyal British subjects, as nation builders and as the ambassadors of an imperial ideal. Understanding how Catholic identity was defined and how far this influenced, or was influenced by, the construction of a national identity is critical for achieving an understanding of the complexities of nationalism in Scotland. The parallels that exist between Catholicism's position on the periphery of Scottish society and Scotland's status within Britain is an overarching theme in this article that focuses on a period of intense national self-reflection and identity construction.
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Cipriano, Salvatore. "“Students Who Have the Irish Tongue”: The Gaidhealtachd, Education, and State Formation in Covenanted Scotland, 1638–1651." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 1 (January 2021): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2020.186.
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AbstractThis article examines the Scottish Covenanters’ initiatives to revamp educational provision in the Gaidhealtachd, the Gaelic-speaking portions of Scotland, from the beginning of the Scottish Revolution in 1638 to the Cromwellian conquest of Scotland in 1651. Scholars have explored in detail the range of educational schemes pursued by central governments in the seventeenth century to “civilize” the Gaidhealtachd, but few have engaged in an analysis of Covenanting schemes and how they differed from previous endeavors. While the Statutes of Iona are probably the best-known initiative to civilize the Gaidhealtachd and extirpate the Gaelic language, Covenanter schemes both adapted such policies and further innovated in order to serve the needs of a nascent confessional state. In particular, Covenanting schemes represented a unique and pragmatic way to address the Gaidhealtachd's educational deficiencies because they sought practical accommodation of the Gaelic language and preferred the matriculation of Gaelophone scholars into the universities. These measures not only represented a new strategy for integrating the Gaelic periphery into the Scottish state but were also notable for the ways in which they incorporated Gaelophone students into Scotland's higher education orbit—a stark departure from the educational situation in Ireland. By drawing on underutilized manuscript and printed sources, this article examines how the Covenanters refurbished education in the Gaidhealtachd and posits that the Covenanter schemes represented a key facet of the broader process of state formation in 1640s Scotland.
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Maksimović, Maja. "Politika doživotnog učenja u Evropi: EU, Škotska, Danska i Srbija." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 11, no. 1 2011 (2011): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2011.11.1.101.
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The goal of this paper is to point out to similarities and differences between goals in lifelong learning and adult education strategies of Scotland, Denmark and Serbia im the European Union context. The new direction of comparative research is headed towards multilayer units of analysis that include global, international and micro level of comparison and thus place the accent to chronological analysis of European Union as a supranational creator of educational policies. Results of the analysis have shown that when we look at the policy as a discourse and not as a practice, goals in the strategies are quite aligned and compatible with EU documents related to lifelong learning. Significant differences between goals, besides socio-economic characteristic of the states and their relationship towards EU, are mainly derived from different models of creation and management of educational policies.
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Muscatelli, Anton, Graeme Roy, and Alex Trew. "PERSISTENT STATES: LESSONS FOR SCOTTISH DEVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE." National Institute Economic Review 260 (2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2022.5.
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AbstractThe equilibrium size of a nation state is, in part, the result of a trade-off between the gains from scale economies in the provision of public services and the costs of applying uniform policy to heterogeneous cultural, institutional and geographical fundamentals. Changes in such fundamentals can thus place pressure on states to reform over time. We consider this dynamic state formation process in the context of Scotland within the United Kingdom. First, we review the recent research in economic history on the persistence and evolution of such fundamentals. Second, we consider the history of Scotland both before and after the 1707 Act of Union in the light of that broader economic history literature. We conclude with some implications of fundamental persistence for current debates on the place of Scotland within the United Kingdom.
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Oliinyk, Oksana, and Anna Oliinyk. "Ukrainian Forced Migrants in Edinburgh: How the Homes for Ukraine Scheme Worked." Sociological Studios, no. 1(24) (June 26, 2024): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2306-3971-2024-01-33-33.
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The article presents an in-deep analysis of the implementation the Homes for Ukraine Scheme (HFUS) for Ukrainian forced migrants fleeing the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022. It is noteworthy that the HFUS does not provide for official refugee status in the UK but allows Ukrainians to seek asylum. The HFUS is unique, as it involves, in particular, the settlement of Ukrainian refugees in the same housing with their sponsors, which should contribute to the adaptation and assimilation of new residents in Scotland. Our interviews with Ukrainians and sponsors who hosted Ukrainians aimed to analyse the challenges faced by both groups involved in HFUS. The study aimed to explore the challenges faced by Ukrainians adapting to new conditions in Scotland, their self-identification in a new environment, and their future plans. The primary difficulties identified for Ukrainians in Scotland included limited English language proficiency, challenges in securing employment in their field, navigating unfamiliar systems, and instability hindering long-term planning. Conversely, Scots highlighted challenges related to the lack of clarity in the HFUS, in communication with local councils, and in understanding the consequences of using the scheme. Based on analysis of interviews and other open sources, the authors identified certain aspects that they believe should be considered in Scotland's migrant integration policy, in particular, the effectiveness of the HFUS and the work of state and volunteer organisations that assist Ukrainians and other forced migrants. Additionally, the authors suggest that the gathered data could inform policies for repatriating Ukrainian citizens once the conflict concludes.
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MacKechnie, Aonghus. "The Earl of Buchan’s political landscape at Dryburgh, 1786–1829." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 149 (November 16, 2020): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.149.1278.
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David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan (1742–1829), is best known for founding the Society of the Antiquaries of Scotland in 1780. In 1786 he reacquired the family’s Dryburgh estate, on which stood the ruins of Dryburgh’s medieval abbey, which he thereby protected from stone-robbing, enabling it to be enjoyed today. This paper focuses elsewhere, namely on Buchan’s architectural interventions in the abbey’s landscape, on what motivated him, what he sought to achieve and on what people both at the time and afterwards have made of him and these interventions. It is argued that while Scotland’s elites were striving to downplay the independent nation’s accomplishments, Buchan instead exploited Scottish history and accomplishment to create a political landscape at Dryburgh, centred on his statue of Sir William Wallace, Guardian of Scotland during the Wars of Independence and executed in 1305. It is argued, too, that the nature of Buchan’s politics, as one of the privileged elite who had broken rank from the ruling class, resulted in his reputation being maligned and his creation being generally undervalued by posterity, and in particular by the Scots themselves, the very people to whom he wanted to reach out, to inspire, and to highlight.
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Calzada, Igor. "Urbanitat postnacional més enllà de l’estat (pluri)nacio(nal) en la UE: comparant Escòcia, Catalunya i el País Basc." Debats. Revista de Cultura, Poder i Societat 131, no. 1 (November 15, 2016): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats.131-1.4.
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Clark, J. D., P. A. Mossey, L. Sharp, and J. Little. "Socioeconomic Status and Orofacial Clefts in Scotland, 1989 to 1998." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 40, no. 5 (September 2003): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0481_ssaoci_2.0.co_2.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and orofacial clefts (OFC) in Scotland. Design Study of prevalence at birth over a 10-year period using an area-based measure of material deprivation. Setting Population-based study throughout Scotland. Participants Eight hundred thirty-four live births with OFC born between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998, ascertained from the nationwide register of the Cleft Service in Scotland, compared with the total 603,825 live births in Scotland in this period. Results There was a strong positive relationship whereby the prevalence of OFC at birth increased with increasing deprivation. This trend was statistically significant for cleft lip and/or palate (CL[P]: p = .016) but not for cleft palate (CP; p = .078). For each type of cleft, the relative risk among those resident in the most deprived areas, compared with those resident in the least deprived areas, was 2.33. Conclusions The association between OFC and socioeconomic status is consistent with a report for an earlier period in a smaller part of Scotland. Unlike the earlier study, this pattern appears to be stronger for CL(P) than for CP. These observations do not appear to be an artifact of recording. It is possible that they reflect the association between deprivation and risk factors for OFC, most likely tobacco smoking during pregnancy. Because the relationship between OFC and socioeconomic status appears to have been virtually unstudied in other populations, it would be valuable to investigate this relationship elsewhere and determine whether known risk factors account for the relationship.
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Mering, Tomasz. "Polityka społeczna w Szkocji po reformie dewolucyjnej. W stronę fragmentaryzacji brytyjskiego welfare state?" Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2021 (September 8, 2021): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.21.8.
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The article presents the origins and evolution of social policy programmes in Scotland since the referendum in 1997. Regional authorities in Scotland obtained significant prerogatives in payment of social benefits. They actively exercised the rights granted by the UK legislation, resulting in the partial decentralisation of the social security system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has become a fact. This decentralisation is not complete, because the administration of pensions, and unemployment benefits remains the sole responsibility of London’s central government. One of the features of British social policy has become territorial asymmetry, consisting of partially different programs and social policy institutions in other parts of the UK. The most important effect of the reforms is the creation of institutions and draft social policy programs that can be put into effect, when the process of political emancipation in Scotland will lead to a new regional referendum.
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Thompson, Dave, Callan Duck, and Mike E. Lonergan. "The status of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the United Kingdom." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 8 (September 1, 2010): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2679.
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The UK holds approximately 40% of the European harbour seal population, with the majority found around the coasts of Scotland. Harbour seal populations in the UK have been monitored through a series of repeated aerial surveys of animals hauled out during the annual moult in early August. This moult count is used as a consistent index of population size. Survey methods and frequencies vary. The Scottish and English east coast populations mainly haul out in tidal estuariesand are surveyed annually, using fixed wing aircraft and digital photography. Populations in north and west Scotland often haul out on rocky shores and are surveyed less frequently, using helicopters fitted with thermal imagers. Overall, the most recent minimum estimate of the UK harbour seal population is 24,250 seals of which 19,800 are in Scotland, 3,200 in England and 1,250 in Northern Ireland. The results show that the number of harbour seals in eastern Englandwas increasing before the 1988 and 2002 phocine distemper (PDV) epizootic but has not increased since the end of the 2002 epizootic. There is also evidence of a general decline in most of the large harbour seal colonies around Scotland. The populations along the north and northwest mainland coast were an exception, with numbers appearing to be stable. Between 2001 and 2008, the population in Orkney declined by 67% and Shetland declined by 40%, indicating harbourseals in these areas experienced substantially increased mortality or very low recruitment over this period. The widespread declines, ranging from Shetland to The Wash, suggest that the causes may have been present over a large part of the North Sea and waters off western Scotland.
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Cranmer, Frank, and Scot Peterson. "Employment, Sex Discrimination and The Churches: The Percy Case." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 8, no. 39 (July 2006): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00006694.
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In this paper, the authors present different views of the legal implications of Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission, in which the House of Lords reversed the Court of Session and held that a former minister could sue the Church under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and, contrary to previous views, probably had an enforceable contract for services. Cranmer describes the basis for the decision and suggests that it represents a realistic view of the employment status of clergy. Peterson is less optimistic about the decisions legal and practical effects and argues that it undermines the constitutional status of the Church of Scotland as well as overall prospects for religious freedom in Scotland.
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Mason, Roger A. "Certeine Matters Concerning the Realme of Scotland: George Buchanan and Scottish Self-Fashioning at the Union of the Crowns." Scottish Historical Review 92, no. 1 (April 2013): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2013.0137.
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Although historians have long been aware of the range of printed and manuscript treatises that was prompted by the Union of 1603, little attention has been paid to a genre of printed works published in the years immediately before and after 1603 that were specifically concerned with Scotland and the Stewart lineage rather than with debating the idea of Britain. This article explores this literature in detail and uncovers the extent to which the Scottish intelligentsia turned to the writings of George Buchanan in order to describe and define both the geography of the kingdom and the autonomous origins of its kingship. Stripped of its radical politics, Buchanan's Rerum Scoticarum Historia (1582) emerged as a critical though generally unacknowledged source of reassurance for Scots fearful that the union would see their ancient kingdom assimilated into a greater English imperium and determined to secure Scotland's unique status within a new multiple British monarchy.
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Leiper, Ashley, and Andrew Hood. "Noise and Deprivation in Scotland's Four Largest Cities: Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 5 (February 1, 2023): 2980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0419.
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Scotland's draft National Planning Framework 4 (NPF4) Integrated Impact Assessment states that deprived communities tend to be exposed to higher levels of noise than those in less deprived areas. However, this has not yet been specifically investigated in Scotland. The majority of studies find a higher likelihood of noise exposure in deprived communities, although some find the opposite to be true, suggesting that the relationship is highly dependent on the context of the study area. To address a need in the literature for more research in this area and to comment on the statement in NPF4, a spatial analysis has been conducted using Scottish Government published datasets, the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and the Round 3 Noise Mapping. A statistically significant positive relationship between noise exposure and multiple deprivation is found in Glasgow. No statistically significant relationship between noise exposure and multiple deprivation is found for Aberdeen, Dundee or Edinburgh. The relationships between deprivation and both Noise Management Areas and proximity to Quiet Areas are explored.
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López Basaguren, Alberto. "La independencia de Escocia en la Unión Europea : los efectos de la secesión de territorios en la UE entre política y derecho = The independence of Scotland in the European Union : the effects of territories’ secession within the EU between Law and Politics." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional 1, no. 33 (January 1, 2014): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.33.2014.13038.
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Este trabajo analiza el problema de los efectos en el interior de la UE de la recesión de territorios en el seno de sus Estados miembros, en relación a la hipotética independencia de Escocia, en el supuesto de un apoyo mayoritario a la opción independentista en el referéndum que va a tener lugar el próximo 18 de septiembre de 2104. Frente a la convicción inquebrantable de los promotores de la independencia de que Escocia, tras la independencia, permanecerá en la UE, como Estado miembro de pleno derecho y que la modificación de un status es una cuestión interna, casi una mera formalidad, este trabajo analiza los problemas que plantea la pretención escocesa, en la UE, entre Derecho y Política.This paper’s aim is to analyze the effects the secession of territories in the Member States can have within the EU, regarding the hypothetical independence of Scotland in the case a majority of Scotish citizens would back that opinion in the referendum on September 18, 2014. Those who are promoting and independent Scotland are completely convinced that the territory will remain in the EU, as an independent Member State, and that it will reach this new status from within the EU. In their mind, that is an EU’s «internal» matter, which doesn’t need any special procedure, as far as it would be just little more than a formality. On the contrary, this paper analyzes the issues a proposal like this of Scotland encounter within the EU both in the fields of Law and Politics.
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Hall, S. "Official bovine tuberculosis-free status in Scotland." Veterinary Record 166, no. 8 (February 20, 2010): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c969.
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Lockington, David. "Socioeconomic Status and Choroidal Melanoma in Scotland." Archives of Ophthalmology 128, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.407.
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Wood, John R. I., Pablo Muñoz-Rodríguez, Bethany R. M. Williams, and Robert W. Scotland. "A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World." PhytoKeys 143 (March 16, 2020): 1–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821.
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A monograph of the 425 New World species of Ipomoea is presented. All 425 species are described and information is provided on their ecology and distribution, with citations from all countries from which they are reported. Notes are provided on salient characteristics and taxonomic issues related to individual species. A full synonymy is provided and 272 names are lectotypified. An extensive introduction discusses the delimitation and history of Ipomoea arguing that a broad generic concept is the only rational solution in the light of recent phylogenetic advances. Although no formal infrageneric classification is proposed, attention is drawn to the major clades of the genus and several morphologically well-defined clades are discussed including those traditionally treated under the names Arborescens, Batatas, Pharbitis, Calonyction and Quamoclit, sometimes as distinct genera, subgenera, sections or series. Identification keys are provided on a regional basis including multi-entry keys for the main continental blocks. Six species are described as new, Ipomoea nivea J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Peru, I. apodiensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Brazil, I. calcicola J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. pochutlensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. zacatecana J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and I. ramulosa J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Mexico, while var. australis of I. cordatotriloba is raised to specific status as I. australis (O’Donell) J.R.I. Wood & P. Muñoz. New subspecies for I. nitida (subsp. krapovickasii J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) and for I. chenopodiifolia (subsp. bellator J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) are described. The status of previously recognized species and varieties is changed so the following new subspecies are recognized: I. amnicola subsp. chiliantha (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. chenopodiifolia subsp. signata (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. collina (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. austromexicana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. novogaliciana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. pavonii (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. melanotricha (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. sepacuitensis (Donn. Sm.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. ternifolia subsp. leptotoma (Torr.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland. Ipomoea angustata and I. subincana are treated as var. angustata (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland of I. barbatisepala and I. brasiliana respectively. Attention is drawn to a number of hitherto poorly recognized phenomena in the genus including a very large radiation centred on the Parana region of South America and another on the Caribbean Islands, a strong trend towards an amphitropical distribution in the New World, the existence of a relatively large number of species with a pantropical distribution and of many species in different clades with storage roots, most of which have never been evaluated for economic purposes. The treatment is illustrated with over 200 figures composed of line drawings and photographs.
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Keating, Michael, and Malcolm Harvey. "The Political Economy of Small European States: And Lessons for Scotland." National Institute Economic Review 227 (February 2014): R54—R66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011422700107.
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An independent Scotland would be a small European state. Small states may be at a disadvantage in world markets but can also adapt successfully. There are different modes of adaptation, notably the market-liberal mode and the social investment state. Either mode is dependent on internal institutions, social relationships and modes of policymaking. It is not possible to pick and choose items of different models since they have an internal coherence. The Scottish White Paper on independence supports the social investment state. Scotland has some, but not all, of the prerequisites for this so that independence would require internal adaptation.
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Lisenkova, Katerina, and Marcel Mérette. "Can an Ageing Scotland Afford Independence?" National Institute Economic Review 227 (February 2014): R32—R39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011422700105.
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The aim and scope of this paper is to isolate the effects of population ageing in the context of potential Scottish independence. A dynamic multiregional Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model is used to evaluate the two scenarios. The status quo scenario assumes that Scotland stays part of the UK and all government expenditures associated with its ageing population are funded on a UK-wide basis. In the independence scenario, Scotland and the rest of the UK pay for the growing demands of their ageing populations independently. The comparison suggests that Scotland is worse off in the case of independence. The effective labour income tax rate in the independence scenario has to increase further compared with the status quo scenario. The additional increase reaches its maximum in 2035 at 1.4 percentage points. The additional rise in the tax rate is non-negligible, but is much smaller than the population ageing effect (status quo scenario) which generates an increase of about 8.5 percentage points by 2060. The difference for government finances between the status quo and independence scenarios is thus relatively small.
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McCrone, David. "What school did you go to? Education and status in Edinburgh." Scottish Affairs 29, no. 1 (February 2020): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2020.0305.
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The question ‘Which school did you go to?’ is an attempt to ‘place’ respondents in Edinburgh in terms of social status. This article examines the social and educational origins of fee-paying schools in a city with a significantly higher proportion of secondary pupils in such schools than elsewhere in Scotland. It asks what the perceived ‘pay-off’ is as regards social and educational mobility in the context of a significant decline since the 1960s in the numbers attending their ‘local’ university, and in a city with a much higher percentage of residents born furth of Scotland. The key question is to what extent being educated privately still makes a difference.
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Johnson, Hamish, Emma May Simpson, Mads Troldborg, Ulrich Ofterdinger, Rachel Cassidy, Chris Soulsby, and Jean-Christophe Comte. "Evaluating Groundwater Nitrate Status across the River Ythan Catchment (Scotland) following Two Decades of Nitrate Vulnerable Zone Designation." Environments 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10040067.
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Diffuse agricultural pollution is one of the greatest challenges to achieving good chemical and ecological status of Scotland’s water bodies. The River Ythan in Aberdeenshire was designated a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) in the year 2000, due to the eutrophication of the Ythan Estuary and rising nitrate trends in Private Water Supply (PWS) groundwater abstractions. The third River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) for Scotland reported the Ellon groundwater body of the River Ythan catchment to be of poor chemical status as of 2021 with respect to nitrate, and forecasted groundwater recovery beyond 2027. Following two decades of NVZ designation, we investigated the drivers of groundwater nitrate across the River Ythan catchment through an analysis of long-term (2009–2018) groundwater quality monitoring data collected by the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and a recent synoptic groundwater nitrate sampling survey of PWSs. Groundwater nitrate was found to remain elevated across the catchment area, and appeared to be highly sensitive to agricultural practices and meteorological forcing, indicating a high sensitivity of groundwater quality to environmental change. Further hydrogeological characterisation is recommended to better understand the effects of agricultural practices on groundwater quality, and to facilitate achievement of future RBMP goals under a changing climate.
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Cimke, Marta. "„Chybiona analogia”– czyli o różnicach między referendum w Szkocji i Katalonii." Politeja 18, no. 5(74) (December 15, 2021): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.74.21.
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„Misleading analogy”: About Differences Between Referendum in Scotland and Catalonia Separatist aspirations in Europe are now a captivating issue. Regions like Scotland and Catalonia deserve special attention. The aim of the article is to show differences in the perception of both cases, due to their frequent comparing in journalistic papers. The study consists of two parts that concern Scotland and Catalonia. In each of them the institutional and legal positions of the regions were taken into the consideration. In addition, the course of events in Scotland and Catalonia in 2014 and 2017 was considered in the context of the independence referendums carried out in these regions. The summary of this article consists of comparison of the factors which show that there are no grounds for adapting analogy between Scotland and Catalonia. Factors that have been taken into account are: the legal order and the regulations used to define the legal status of the regions, and also the relations between central and subnational (regional) levels in Scotland and Catalonia.
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O’Reilly, M., J. Boyle, S. Nowacki, M. Elliott, and R. Foster. "Monitoring Scotland’s transitional water fish communities under the EU Water Framework Directive." Glasgow Naturalist 27, no. 3 (2021): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27318.
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The history of monitoring transitional water fish in Scotland is briefly outlined. The requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive are explained and how this applies to the monitoring of transitional water fish communities in Scotland is described. The development of a monitoring programme for Scotland is outlined, including sampling methods and strategies. Six transitional waters were selected as representative for Scotland covering three different types of transitional water. A multi-metric tool, the Transitional Water Fish Classification Index was used to assess the ecological status of the fish communities in these waters and the operation of the different metrics and the creation of appropriate reference conditions is explained. The assessment tool was applied to survey data from 2005 to 2018, although only the more recent data fully met the tool requirements. The species composition and abundances in the respective transitional waters were compared. The fully valid surveys were all classed as of Good or High status, indicating the fish communities in all the representative transitional waters appeared to be in good ecological health. The efficacy of the different metrics is considered and some issues with Metric 2, enumerating migratory species, are discussed at length. A new multi-metric tool, the Estuarine Multi-metric Fish Index, is briefly discussed and its introduction for the assessments in Scotland is recommended.
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Freedman, D. A. "As Others See Us: A Case Study in Path Analysis." Journal of Educational Statistics 12, no. 2 (June 1987): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986012002101.
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In 1967, Blau and Duncan proposed a path model for education and stratification. This is one of the most influential applications of statistical modeling technique to social data. There is recent use of the same technique in Hope’s (1984) comparative study of Scotland and the United States, As Others See Us: Schooling and Social Mobility in Scotland and the United States. A review of path analysis is offered here, with Hope’s model used as an example, the object being to suggest the limits of the method in analyzing complex phenomena.
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McTavish, D. "The NHS — is Scotland Different? a Case Study of the Management of Health Care in the Hospital Service in the West of Scotland 1947 – 1987." Scottish Medical Journal 45, no. 5 (October 2000): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693300004500511.
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Management of the health service in Scotland and England, has since its creation, shown both divergence and congruence. In the initial decades in Scotland the executive hospital boards (which contained strong medical professional membership) and central government had a clearer relationship than in England. The health service-civil service machinery in Scotland was without doubt more to the forefront with higher status in the Scottish ‘polity’ than was the case in England. The 1970s reforms also indicated difference: despite the pro managerialist tones of the Farquarson Lang report in Scotland, a managerial emphasis was more apparent in the English reforms. By the 1980s, the government's clear intention that their ‘radical’ agenda should apply in Scotland and England was implemented in many instances: aspects of the new managerialism were applied as vigorously in the case examined than anywhere in England: the attempt to draw clinicians into resource management (as advocated in the Griffiths report) appeared to have advanced further in Scotland until well into the 1990s. Yet in other aspects, Scotland diverged from parts of England in the implementation of the 1980's agenda most notably in the growth of private practice though the case indicated significant Scottish developments here too. The article concludes by speculating on some Scottish differences in the coming years.
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Struthers, Gordon, D. Jenkins, and W. M. Shearer. "The Status of the Atlantic Salmon in Scotland." Journal of Applied Ecology 24, no. 2 (August 1987): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403905.
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Kay, John. "The Economics of Small States; Observations from Scotland." Welsh Economic Review 24 (May 9, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18573/j.2016.10047.
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Korac, Srdjan. "Multinational states: Constitutional challenges: The case of Scotland." Medjunarodni problemi 60, no. 2-3 (2008): 368–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0803368k.
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The author analyses the major changes to the political ideology and policy platform of the stateless nation's movement in Western European postindustrial states, taking the Scottish National Party as an special example. The analysis starts with the evolution of the Anglo-Scottish relations beginning from the creation of Union of English and Scottish kingdoms by the Act of Union in 1707. Author then presents the contemporary relationship between these two provinces of the United Kingdom. He stresses that since 1990s, the Scottish national movement have been pursuing the 'silent constitutional revolution' of this multinational community, which means using the most of globalization, the European integration process, and the so called devolution, to maximize the autonomy of Scotland within the United Kingdom.
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O’Leary, Paul. "States of Union: Modern Scotland and British History." Twentieth Century British History 27, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwv038.
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Matthews, Keith, and Muftah S. Eljamel. "Status of neurosurgery for mental disorder in Scotland." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 5 (May 2003): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.5.404.
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BackgroundDespite the application of ablative neurosurgical treatments for intractable mental disorder throughout most of the past century, unequivocal evidence for efficacy has not been provided.AimsTo review the status of ablative neurosurgery for mental disorder and to describe the activities of the Scottish national service.MethodRelevant literature is reviewed alongside a description of recent clinical activity.ResultsNeurosurgical treatment is offered to a small number of patients severely disabled by otherwise intractable mental disorder. Thereareinequalitiesin the strength of evidence to support the use of some of these procedures. The frequency and severity of adverse effects remains unclear. We are collecting data that should inform future practice.ConclusionsModern neurosurgery can offer clinically meaningful symptom relief and improved function for ‘untreatable’ patients with chronic, severe depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, follow-up studies of greater rigour are required. The potential role of non-ablative alternatives remains unclear.
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Hayward, Katy, Nicola McEwen, and Milena Komarova. "MANAGING SCOTLAND’S BORDERS AFTER INDEPENDENCE AND EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION." National Institute Economic Review 260 (2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2022.21.
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AbstractBrexit has both increased the momentum towards Scottish independence and complicated what it could mean in practice, especially if Scotland rejoins the European Union (EU). EU accession would re-open the flow of goods, people, services and capital between Scotland and other EU member-states; a corollary of this, however, would be new restrictions on movement between Scotland and its non-EU neighbours. Effective border management entails a variety of ‘at the border’ and ‘behind the border’ processes. As much as these would require dedicated infrastructure and trained personnel, they would ultimately depend upon reliable data/information and good communication among myriad agencies, including on the other side of the border. Fundamentally, the nature and form of the border controls would be determined largely by the relationship that an independent Scotland had with the remainder of the UK—and, principally, on the relationship that the UK develops with the EU.
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Stuart, John. "Scottish missionaries and the end of empire: the case of Nyasaland*." Historical Research 76, no. 193 (July 15, 2003): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00183.
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Abstract In 1960 Church of Scotland missionaries in the British colony of Nyasaland ostensibly fulfilled their commitment to transition from ‘mission’ to ‘Church’. This process of transition was, however, marked by ambiguity, much of which related to Nyasaland's political status. Opinion within the missions and the Church of Scotland differed greatly as to whether (and for how long) colonial rule should continue. Controversy on the matter ranged beyond Nyasaland and Scotland, with missionary activities attracting the attention not only of colonial and imperial governments but of a range of unofficial but interested groups and religious organizations. This article examines one important aspect of the ambiguous missionary response to the ‘end of empire’ in British colonial Africa.
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Kreitman, Norman. "Suicide, age and marital status." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 1 (February 1988): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700001951.
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SynopsisA new data set concerning suicide in relation to marital status for Scotland, 1973–83, is presented. The effects of age-standardization on marital status rates and of marital status standardization on age-specific rates are both elucidated. The difficulties of drawing conclusions from marital status rates for suicide are outlined. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the importance of the widowed state has been underestimated and that it appears that the relative risk for suicide associated with divorce has probably been decreasing among Scottish men over the study period.
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Hague, Euan, and Alan Mackie. "‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States." Scottish Affairs 23, no. 3 (August 2014): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2014.0036.
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The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.
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McKay, Colin, and Heather Welsh. "The Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland – a unique and influential voice." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 6, no. 3/4 (December 14, 2015): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-08-2015-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique and independent role of the Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the reader through the history of the Commission, its changing status, roles and responsibilities, its influence and impact, and current priorities. It is based on details of the Commission ' s development, narrative from current employees and published investigations and advice. Findings – The Mental Welfare Commission has advanced significantly since its original establishment. It plays a vital role in protecting the human rights of people in Scotland with learning disabilities and mental illness, by visiting those who are in receipt of care or treatment, investigating situations of concern, providing advice and guidance, monitoring the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 and Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 and shaping relevant policy and legislation. Originality/value – This paper provides an introduction to the work of the Commission, which will be of value to readers in Scotland and beyond. It illustrates its importance in preserving the rights of individuals with learning disabilities and mental illness in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other legislation.
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Ritchie, Daniel. "Antislavery Orthodoxy: Isaac Nelson and the Free Church of Scotland, c. 1843–65." Scottish Historical Review 94, no. 1 (April 2015): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2015.0240.
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The ‘Send back the money’ controversy between the Free Church of Scotland and zealous abolitionists was one of the most important events in nineteenth century Scottish religious history. The Revd Isaac Nelson of Belfast is best remembered for his anti-revivalism and his advocacy of Irish nationalism. What has often been forgotten is the centrality of antislavery to the making of Nelson's controversial reputation, even though he was held in high esteem by abolitionists on both sides of the Atlantic. Accordingly, this article examines his opposition to the Free Church's receipt of monies from and extension of christian fellowship to the slaveholding churches in the United States. It highlights his critique of leading ecclesiastical statesmen, including Thomas Chalmers, William Cunningham and Robert S. Candlish. The essay also considers the sophisticated intellectual critique of chattel slavery that under-girded Nelson's opposition to the policy of the Free Kirk, as well as his evaluation of the nature of proslavery religion in America. By means of a biographical case study of an interesting outsider, this article seeks to provide a lens through which one of the most tragic incidents in Scotland's ecclesiastical past can be freshly examined.
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Mackechnie, Aonghus. "Sir David Cunningham of Robertland: Murderer and ‘Magna Britannia’s’ First Architect." Architectural History 52 (2009): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004159.
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The year 1603 was one of the British Isles’ most critical dates, due to regnal union. Scotland’s King James VI became, in addition, England and Ireland’s new King James I, and sought immediately to convert regnal into full union, building aMagna Britannia:Great Britain. He sought uniformity in all areas political and religious. That project foundered, not least due to English apprehension towards the influx of Scots promoted to major English posts. One such appointee was the King’s master of works in Scotland, David Cunningham of Robertland, whom James appointed Surveyor of the Works in England.Cunningham seems therefore to have been a highly significant person, worthy of close study, but current research limits this. How can an architectural figure who may have built nothing be important to architectural study? Who was this Cunningham of Robertland? Why did James appoint him to the highest architectural position in his gift, not once but twice, and when each time there must have been alternative candidates? Seeking an answer to these questions opens up an exploration of the wider issue of the status and function of the master of works and the Surveyor in this period, as will be seen.
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Donnelly, Daniel, Kenneth B. Scott, and Roy Wilkie. "A National Police Service: Any Day Now?" Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 4 (November 2002): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500402.
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Policing in the UK is moving towards more central control than ever before in its history, at the expense of a strong tripartite system, which seems to exist in name only. The evolving national network in England and Wales has a statutory foundation, while Scotland has adopted a mainly nonstatutory approach to central control, although this should change with new legislation in 2003. The potential for further centralisation in Scotland remains high because of the nation's size and new devolved constitutional position. The key question for all concerned in the UK, and particularly in Scotland, is what system of policing do we wish to have: a national service; a regional system; or the status quo? The answer can be found only after open public debate takes place.
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Kay, Adrian, Gillian Bristow, Mark McGovern, and David Pickernell. "Fair Division or Fair Dinkum? Australian Lessons for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c38m.
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Current arguments in Australia concerning horizontal fiscal equalisation may help inform the debate in the United Kingdom concerning possible changes to the Barnett formula and the establishment of financial relations with any regional governments in England. Although Australia is a long-established federation, with mature institutions for managing the financial aspects of intergovernmental relations, the most populous states are now pushing for a per-capita-based system to replace the existing formula—based on needs and costs—overseen by the independent Commonwealth Grants Commission. This has important implications for the United Kingdom, where the Barnett formula—a per capita system for deciding annual changes in the funding for the devolved administrations—has been increasingly challenged. In particular, the Barnett system has been vulnerable to nontransparent ‘formula-bypass’ agreements. We argue that the status quo in the United Kingdom appears secure as long as England remains a single entity and the UK Treasury sees the financial implications of larger per capita expenditure in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland as relatively small. However, we speculate that regionalisation of government in England would be likely to increase the pressure: to abandon the Barnett system; to look more systematically at need and cost, rather than population, as criteria for allocating funds between governments; and to move towards an Australian-type system. However, the recent experience of Australia also shows that larger states prefer a per-capita-based system allied to more political, less transparent, arrangements to deal with ‘special circumstances’. It may be that a Barnett-type formula would suit the new ‘dominant states’ in a fully federalised United Kingdom which would, ironically, create an alliance of interests between Scotland and London.
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Baxter, Janet P., and Jan M. Tait. "Scottish Home Parenteral Nutrition Managed Clinical Network: coordination and standards." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 3 (August 2002): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002165.
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Home parenteral nutrition is required by patients with intestinal disease such that they are unable to maintain nutritional status or fluid volume without this treatment. A Managed Clinical Network has been established in Scotland. The aims of this multi-professional group are to ensure equity of access and that patients are managed according to nationally-agreed evidence-based procedures and protocols. The Clinical Standards Board for Scotland has provided support in preparing a quality-assurance framework to which the network must adhere.
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Kitchener, C., and N. Easterbee. "The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland." Journal of Zoology 227, no. 2 (June 1992): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x.
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Eaton, Mark A., Keith B. Marshall, and Richard D. Gregory. "Status of CapercaillieTetrao urogallusin Scotland during winter 2003/04." Bird Study 54, no. 2 (July 2007): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650709461469.
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