Journal articles on the topic 'Statues – Rome – History'
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1
Roberto, Umberto. "Dépouiller Rome ? Genséric, Avitus et les statues en 455." Revue historique 684, no. 4 (2017): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhis.174.0775.
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Estienne, Sylvia. "Statues de dieux « isolées » et lieux de culte : l'exemple de Rome." Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 8, no. 1 (1997): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ccgg.1997.1434.
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Flory, Marleen B. "Livia and the History of Public Honorific Statues for Women in Rome." Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) 123 (1993): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/284333.
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Bremmer, Jan N. "The agency of Greek and Roman statues. From Homer to Constantine." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 6 (November 2013): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-06-02.
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In the Archaic period the Greeks did not yet conceptualize the difference between a divinity and its statue. Therefore, stories that stressed the agency of statues separate from their divinities must have seemed less strange at that time than when the statues had become independent, so to speak, from their gods or goddesses. The latter started to happen in the transitional period to the Classical era when the well-known triad of divinities—heroes—mortals came into being, and philosophers began to criticize the worship of statues. All these changes together led to a development in which the agency of statues increasingly became noteworthy. After the 5th century BC we keep hearing about the agency of statues but we can also notice a growing critique of the worship of statues by different philosophical schools. In both Greece and Rome divine statues manifested themselves in particular during moments of crisis or of a decisive political character. In the Greek East the belief in the agency of statues lasted until the 3rd century AD, as Archaic statues represented a kind of cultural capital for the Greeks under Roman rule. Yet, in the end the continuing philosophical critique, which had been radicalized by the Christians, made the agency of statues intellectually unacceptable.
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Boin, Douglas. "A late antique statuary collection at Ostia's sanctuary of Magna Mater: a case-study in late Roman religion and tradition." Papers of the British School at Rome 81 (September 26, 2013): 247–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824621300010x.
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Throughout the Mediterranean the study of the destruction, reuse, moving and preservation of statues has provided a window onto the transformation of Rome during a time of ascendant Christianity. The preservation of statuary collections is increasingly important in this regard. Archival research has revealed the discovery of one such collection at Ostia's Sanctuary of Magna Mater, a treasure trove of sculptures, reliefs and at least one bronze statue. All were well preserved, and several were found in the open spaces of the sanctuary. Together they span 500 years of history, stretching into the late fourth century. Unfortunately, the late antique significance of this group has never been acknowledged. This paper situates that collection within the social world of late antique Ostia, where many statues of both sacred and non-sacred subjects remained on display. The late fourth-century dedication, in particular, set alongside the earlier pieces, demonstrates that the ‘mood and motivations’ of traditional Roman religion, in Clifford Geertz's terms, also remained quite visible. The presence of this accumulated tradition, a hallmark of Rome's ‘civil religion’ for centuries, testifies to the high social status afforded one of Ostia's most historic sites, even during an increasingly Christian age.
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Thomas, Edmund. "The Cult Statues of the Pantheon." Journal of Roman Studies 107 (June 22, 2017): 146–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435817000314.
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ABSTRACTThis article reconsiders the possible statuary of the Pantheon in Rome, both in its original Augustan form and in its later phases. It argues that the so-called ‘Algiers Relief’ has wrongly been connected with the Temple of Mars Ultor and is in fact evidence of the association of the Divus Julius with Mars and Venus in the Pantheon of Agrippa, a juxtaposition which reflects the direction of Augustan ideology in the 20sb.c.and the building's celestial purpose. This triple statue group became the focus of the later Pantheon, and its importance is highlighted by the hierarchized system of architectural ornament of the present building.
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Thorsen, Thea Selliaas. "Sappho, Corinna and Colleagues in Ancient Rome. Tatian’s Catalogue of Statues (Oratio ad Graecos 33-4) Reconsidered." Mnemosyne 65, no. 4-5 (2012): 695–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852512x585124.
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Abstract In his Oratio ad Graecos Tatian claims to have seen Sappho’s statue among a number of other female figures in Rome, which, according to a passage in Pliny the Elder, seem to have been in the Portico of Pompey. This article examines how difficulties in the scholarly reception of Tatian’s Oratio ad Graecos continue to obstruct a fuller picture of the role of female figures such as Sappho in late Republican and Augustan Rome. Furthermore, by bringing fresh archaeological evidence into the discussion of Tatian’s text and pointing out previously ignored philological connections between Oratio ad Graecos and late Republican and Augustan literature, the article refines the image of a woman like Sappho in Ancient Rome.
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Striano, Araceli. "Eros dans l’anthroponymie grecque." Mnemosyne 71, no. 4 (June 20, 2018): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342356.
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AbstractThe history of Greek personal names (PN) related to the theonym Eros is striking.1 Despite being one of the most important gods, Eros, along with Aphrodite, is largely absent from Greek proper names in the archaic and classical periods. Later, however, and especially under Rome, there is a remarkable increase in PN at Rome and Pompeii, as well as in Hispania. The reason for the absence of Eros in early Greek names is most likely the sense of the Greek term ἔρως as ‘passionate love’, whereas its increased popularity in Hellenistic and Roman times reflects the more genial representation of the god of love in statues and reliefs.
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Gorzelany-Nowak, Dorota. "Czartoryski & Torlonia: A Collection of Roman Marble Statues in the Princes Czartoryski Museum." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 23 (December 31, 2019): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.23.2019.23.12.
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The objective of the article is to discuss the history of the acquiring of marble sculptures by Prince Władysław Czartoryski during his two stays in Italy: in Naples in 1889 and in Rome in 1891, based on preserved archival documents. The statues include such exquisite examples as a sculpture of Venus Medici from the beginning of the 1st century AD, as well as examples of compilations of ancient fragments that supposedly had previously belonged to the Roman Torlonia collection. Formal analysis of individual objects is expanded upon with information related to conservations they have been subject to.
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Buccino, Laura. "Ritratti di Leptis Magna: modelli, produzione, contesto tra la dinastia flavia e gli Antonini." Libyan Studies 45 (November 2014): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2014.3.
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AbstractDifferent types of marble portraits are discussed: both official Imperial images as well as private portraits, with the intention of illustrating the relationship to Roman models and to highlight stylistic and technical characteristics belonging to local sculptors. The portraits belonged to honourific statues dedicated in Lepcis Magna in public prestigious areas (Old Forum, Theatre, Serapeum, Hadrianic Baths). In these public meeting places the Imperial government officials, civic authorities and the privateevergeteshad the opportunity of celebrating the central power and its representatives, from the Emperor and the members of his family to provincial functionaries; personal aspirations of Romanisation and of making a political and administrative career; one's own generosity, personal wealth, preeminent role in civic society, as well as accumulating honours, visibility and social prestige. In the case of some statues of private individuals it is uncertain whether they were intended to be honourific or funerary. The chronological span, extending from the Flavian to the end of the Antonine period, corresponds to the period of greatest social stability and economic prosperity in Tripolitania and in Lepcis Magna in particular. From the analysis carried out, certain distinctive traits of Lepcitan portraiture between the first and second century AD emerge. The influence of the Graeco-Alexandrine tradition, more or less filtered through Cyrene, which held a significant role throughout the early Imperial age, tends to weaken and, at the latest by the end of the Flavian period, to disappear altogether. Local workshops, by now well trained, and in some cases identifiable through a distinctive formal language, become strongly influenced by Rome, either directly or through Carthage, capital of the province of Africa Proconsularis. Alongside this component is the growing influence of Asia Minor, fed by the increasing importation of marble from the eastern part of the empire, which would also have a great deal of influence on architectural decoration. The presence of a masterpiece in the Asiatic style, the female portrait-statue from the Serapeum, is the most striking testimonial of this evolutionary trend.
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Machado, Carlos. "Rome Scholarship: The changing faces of power: the dedication of honorific statues in late Roman Italy (AD 280–530)." Papers of the British School at Rome 75 (November 2007): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200003664.
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Attanasio, Donato, Matthias Bruno, Walter Prochaska, and Alì Bahadir Yavuz. "APHRODISIAN MARBLE FROM THE GÖKTEPE QUARRIES: THE LITTLE BARBARIANS, ROMAN COPIES FROM THE ATTALID DEDICATION IN ATHENS." Papers of the British School at Rome 80 (September 24, 2012): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246212000050.
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The marble of seven under-lifesize sculptures of barbarians, now in the archaeological museums of Naples, Venice and the Vatican, commonly considered to be Roman copies of the Pergamene Lesser Dedication in Athens, comes from the Göktepe marble quarries near Aphrodisias, as is shown by isotopic, electron paramagnetic resonance, trace analyses, and of petrographic data. Since this marble was used mostly by Aphrodisian artists, this finding confirms, on the basis of scientific data, previous hypotheses on the origin of the sculptors who manufactured the statues. Reliable discrimination from similar fine-grained Asiatic marbles, such as Docimium, is possible primarily on the basis of the composition of the Göktepe marbles, which have unusually low concentrations of manganese and high concentrations of strontium. Present knowledge of the history of the quarries and the distribution of their marbles seems to rule out the possibility that the sculptures date from the late Republican period and supports the opinion, previously proposed on stylistic grounds, that they were manufactured in Rome by Aphrodisian sculptors probably during the first half of the second century ad.
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Ferguson, Everett. "St. John Chrysostom, The Homilies on the Statues: An Introduction. By Frans Van de Paverd. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 239. Rome: Institutum Studiorum Orientalium, 1991. xxxi + 395 pp." Church History 64, no. 1 (March 1995): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168662.
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Liebeschuetz, W. "St John Chrysostom, the homilies on the statues. An introduction. By Frans van de Paverd. (Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 239.) Pp. xxi + 395. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Studiorum Orientalium, 1991. 88 7210 286 3." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 45, no. 1 (January 1994): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900016808.
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N.L., Frank. "GATHERING BY DIVESTITURE AND EXTREMISM IN DISSEMINATION IN INDIA: ROLE OF THE STATE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-14.
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Divestiture and constrained partition of a segment of individuals from the methods for creation are inseparably connected with state-drove financial turn of events. In an acquired post-frontier improvement worldview, a 'big picture perspective' continued in India barred individuals living at the lower part of the financial stepping stool as equivalent accomplices who regarding rising 'standard' material assumptions experience 'divestiture' by removal. Extremism dependent on this ground reality, an outcome of lopsided improvement across friendly and monetary classes and across locales, turns into a result that worries both the state and the common society. Maybe than pulling out from the framework that advanced and got broken over the long haul, the paper thinks, the state needs to assume a critical part being developed the start and base of which must be to take into certainty the minimized areas of the general public like the ancestral individuals, the discouraged, and the poor as noble and equivalent accomplices.
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Horiunova, Yevgeniya. "THE IMPERIAL CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN MEMORIAL POLICY IN ANNEXED CRIMEA." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112024.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the basic principles of Russian memorial policy in Crimea in the context of Russia's current imperial ambitions. Research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which allows us to consider the policy of memory in Russia as part of public policy to restore the status of "great power" in the world. Scientific novelty of the study is that it has been proved that Russia is actively filling the symbolic space of Crimea with imperial symbols at the same time as preserving the symbols of the Soviet times to restore the imperial status in modern realities. Conclusions. Russia has always considered Crimea its own territory and was not going to give up the peninsula. To support the dominance of pro-Russian sentiment, they actively used symbolic space, trying to fill it with their own cultural symbols. With monuments in honor of Empress Catherine II, the Russian authorities reminded of the first annexation of Crimea and demonstrated their own historical claims to the peninsula. Even, partial decommunization in Crimea took place according to the Russian scenario – the streets were given back the names of the times of the Russian Empire. After the annexation, the Kremlin implemented its own memory policy on the peninsula, demonstrating through new monuments the «Russian status» of the peninsula and its role in the formation and development of the Russian Empire. Accordingly, imperial symbols, along with Orthodox ones, are beginning to play a key role in Crimea. At the same time, Moscow preserves and enlarges the Soviet symbolic space to accelerate the process of building the «Fifth Empire» through the reconciliation of «white» and «red» projects in the mental field, the expansionist foundation of which was laid by the annexation of Crimea.
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Вікторія Олексіївна Венгерська. "NATIONAL MILITARY UNITS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE GREAT WAR AS A COMPONENT (DETERMINANT) OF STATE FORMATION: COMMON ORIGINS, DIFFERENCES AND POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIVITY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11183.
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The processes of nation- and state-building gain new ground in the conditions of the First World War, which led to the destruction of the continental empires. Such a component (determinant) as national military units is added to the traditional markers, without which it is difficult to imagine the outlined processes. It has been confirmed by time that their availability and level of combat effectiveness played a crucial role in modern state-building. The reasons for their creation and their role in each case had their unique contexts. However, they all became a compelling argument in defending the rights of national states to exist. In the conditions of the Russian Empire, as well as the formation of the Russian "democratic" model, it was virtually impossible to create a separate Ukrainian army. Confirmation of this fact was a significant resistance on the part of Russian senior command staff as well as mid-level officers. Notwithstanding the significant efforts by the Ukrainian activists to create and develop the army in the 1917-1920 period, the Ukrainian project at this stage could not be realized due to unfavorable political external and internal conditions. The Polish army, which ultimately became the main defensive and protective argument of the newly created state, had greater experience of autonomous existence. In the case of Poland and Czechoslovakia, the presence of powerful political leaders, around which military-political unity took place, worked in favor of the implementation of the state project. The Central States as well as Russia and France demonstrated significant interest in the creation and financial support of the Polish legions. This kind of competition for affection (supported by appropriate financial infusions, in particular from France) only contributed to the strengthening of the Polish legions, and provided moral support to its political leaders. In Ukrainian, Polish and Czechoslovakia cases both internal and external factors had worked and contributed to the creation of armies and independent states. Despite considerable similarity in the preconditions of creation and the factor of the Great War, the results of the state creation differed fundamentally in terms of success.
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Toktomambetova, Zhamilyakan, Turdumambet Barpybaev, and Salidin Kaldybaev. "STATUS OF RESEARCH AND HISTORY OF ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPT “COMPETENCE APPROACH”." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.194.08.
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In recent years, a frequently discussed problem is the guideline of training on the educational result and the formation of students' competence. These factors form the prerequisite for improving the quality of education. Higher educational institutions of the republic pay special attention to the question of the formation of students' competence. In order to build students' competence, the educational process should be based on a competency- based approach. The article explores the issue of the formation and development of the problem of competence in education. The development of the problem is divided into three stages. The role and significance of the competency-based approach in training is revealed, the point of view of scientists on competence is analyzed.
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MAFTEI, Jana, and Anișoara POPA. "Cultural Diplomacy in the 21st Century in the European Context." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XIX Istorie 19 (June 8, 2021): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/history.2020.10.
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The fundamental role of culture in the development of international relations is undeniable, cultural diplomacy being an important component of public diplomacy. In this article we aim to analyse the influence of cultural diplomacy on the foreign policy of states in the general context of a constantly changing world. We will highlight the importance that the European Union attaches to the valorisation of the cultural diversity, the intercultural dialogue, the remarkable potential of culture for its foreign relations and we will explore the main trends in the development of cultural diplomacy. For the development of the paper, we used as research methods the analysis of the problems generated by the mentioned subject, with reference to the doctrinal points of view expressed in treatises and specialized works, documentary research, interpretation of legal norms in the field.
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Rodenburg, Peter. "Ingenieurs van de samenleving - De opkomst van het technocratisch denken in de Verenigde Staten en Nederland." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 127, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2014.2.rode.
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After World War I the technocratic movement Technocracy Inc. was established in the United States. Supporters of this movement were utopian engineers who wanted to eradicate waste in American industry, and increasingly considered their methods applicable to the economy and society at large. Technocratic ideas also gained ground in the Netherlands in the interwar period. The purpose of this article is to examine the emergence and development of technocratic thought in the United States and the Netherlands in this period, and to analyze their different patterns of development.
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Okorokova, Vira, and Olena Koicheva. "Features of ancient Roman jurisprudence of the classical period and its place in the history of the state of Ancient Rome." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 9 (347) (2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-9(347)-4-14.
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The article is devoted to the study of Roman jurisprudence during its heyday. Scientific novelty is expressed in the analysis of legal innovations that were developed by such lawyers of this period as (Gaius (II century BC), Papinian (II–III centuries), Paul (II–III centuries), Ulpian (II–III century) аnd Modestin (II–III centuries). Despite the great importance of the works of these jurists, their study does not differ significantly from a number of studies. The article points to the continuity in the history of Roman jurisprudence, which is manifested in the gradual registration of jurisprudence in a separate field, which has its own needs and requirements for the activities of jurists, their training and more. Historical and legal analysis of the activities of these lawyers indicates a certain evolution of jurisprudence from the rigid traditional system of queer law to a more mobile system of civil law, which was adapted to the new socio-economic and political conditions of ancient Rome. Jurisprudence gradually in the conditions of imperial Rome is made out in separate legal institute that provides not only consultations on these or those transactions, but also legal protection. The authors draw attention to the fact that the activity of lawyers was the defining stage that laid the foundations for further transformation of the legal system, its reception in some Western European countries of subsequent historical epochs.
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Voitovych, Nataliia. "HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112011.
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The aim of the research is to study the historical preconditions and legal regulation of surveillance in combating crime in the XIX century. At the same time, the author's goal is to compare peculiarities of the instruments of system fight against crime (the method of operational search actions, hereinafter - OSA) and covert investigative activities in countries with different forms of government and diverse political systems.The methodology of the research is: adherence to the principles of objectivity, scientificity and historicism contributed to consistent disclosure of preconditions, content and principles of surveillance as a measure and a method of OSA and covert investigative activities in combating and preventing crime actions. Mutual enrichment with historical and legal methods provided systemity of the research. Historical study of surveillance in combination with the study of regulatory legal acts created new opportunities for interdisciplinary research. The application of general scientific methods, namely systematization, generalization, problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-legal methods allowed to trace the influence of the legal component on the history of introduction and development of surveillance in the "long" XIX century and peculiarities of its usage in the conditions of the newly formed states and political systems in the interwar period.The scientific novelty lies in a detailed historical and legal analysis of the content of regulatory legal acts concerning legal grounds for surveillance, a comprehensive study of its content, gaps and peculiarities of usage in non-democratic political regimes.Conclusions. The article provides historical analysis of evolution and usage of surveillance, which has experienced several stages connected with improving the performance of security functions, in preventing crimes. The attention is focused on the most characteristic features of implementing surveillance as a universal measure of obtaining information and distributing tasks between the states' law enforcement agencies and a means of combating representatives of political forces and structures constituting a real and hypothetical threat to the state / regime. The similarity of performing functions by law enforcement agencies (and the role of surveillance) in the conditions of different state formations, despite fundamental differences in the forms of government and the nature of political systems, is proved.
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Chabal, Emile, and Eirini Karamouzi. "Confronting the Past: The Role of the European Historian Today." Contemporary European History 32, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777322000832.
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The pandemic may have consigned historians to their homes, but this did not stop history from taking centre-stage in public debate. From falling statues to culture wars, history in all its forms has continued to be deployed by states, activists, prestigious institutions and grassroots organisations. As has always been the case, those who study history for a living have rarely played a prominent role in these debates. At best, historians have tended to be confined to supporting roles as ‘advisers’, ‘consultants’ or ‘experts’. Still, even for those historians who eschew the rough-and-tumble of political and civic discussion, it is impossible to remain entirely neutral. Governments and politicians can overturn funding priorities; universities can suddenly find themselves targets of hostile political campaigning; and lecture halls can turn into sites of civic struggle. This constant historical instrumentalisation is a dramatic reminder of the power of narratives in constructing realities.
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Ferens, Mateusz. "Prophesying Statues." tba: Journal of Art, Media, and Visual Culture 4, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/tba.v4i1.14919.
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The Byzantine apocalyptic tradition proliferates with vibrant prophecies. Many of these were associated with monuments and statues within Constantinople, and many of them played a pivotal role in the decisions of the Byzantines and their emperors in political crises. In my paper, I focus on key examples of prophesying statues that showcase the active attempts made by emperors and citizens to harness omens and prophesies and to conform them to desired narratives. I support Paul Magdalino’s thesis that prophesies functioned actively in Byzantine society – as causes and not just effects of history. The evidence leads me to conclude that prophecies functioned as living narratives in Byzantine society. Grounded in material objects, they could be used to control history and fate.
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Muratović, Esko. "O statusu vrednosnih sudova u filozofskoj istoriji filozofije H. Grasije." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (November 15, 2022): 416–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.416.
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Historical-philosophical debates, which owe their origin to the historical-philosophical context, begin not only with the formulation of certain points of view, but also with the examination of their value, as well as moving towards those that seem acceptable. The attention of our research is focused on issues of value and evaluation of the philosophical past through the given issues within the work „Philosophy and its history“ by Jorge Gracia, while the subject of our attention will be the legitimacy of value statements in the history of philosophy. dealing with truth value. Namely, in addition to careful attention in relation to philosophical sources on the basis of which accurate explanations from the past are obtained, the historical context of positive contribution, not only historical-philosophical, but also historical task, is unavoidable. The historian of philosophy thus makes a strong contribution to historical-value truths that rise from the haze of margins of historical thought, while codifying the points of convergence of scientific-methodological mechanisms and epistemic-axiological interventions - on the one hand - through cognitive-theoretical use of event history. and on the other, - by historical-philosophical reflection on philosophically valued given discourses, to build together the true, - scientifically valuable. If historical truth excludes values that are contrary to its achievement and duration, then the very course and approach to historical and philosophical heritage should be treated through harmonized procedures and norms in solving very complex historical-philosophical and meta-historical-philosophical requirements and tasks inherent only in philosophy, at the same time, - in the value sense, - indeterminate by historical science. In that convergent dialogue, which is often necessary, the methodological paradigm of valuing substantial truths seeks the passability of axiological-value litmus tests of agreement - as much philosophical as historical knowledge and truth. Truth as the objectivity of the validity of a value attitude in the historical-philosophical sense, therefore, can show how a certain value statement is based on the experience of value. This tells us that the quality of value judgments is reflected in the fact that we take a stand with them in relation to historical-cognitive forms of opinion. While in science there are generally accepted criteria for verifying truthfulness, there are no such exact criteria in the domain of values, while it is important to point out that an objective and correct explanation of the past requires certain value statements throughout history, and judgments about true value in the history of philosophy. the significance and role of valuation and truth values within the philosophically oriented hermeneutization of philosophical-historical expressive truths and the possibility that the continuity in the search for truth cannot and should not be interrupted, whereby the theorist Jorge Gracia makes a strong contribution to the interpretation and understanding of these relations, which is the subject of this paper. Searching for reasons for a better understanding of ideas and philosophical views from the past H. Gracia points to the knowledge of what is taken for their truthful value. This refers to the consideration of the validity and correctness of the arguments on which certain teachings are based, and this refers to the texts. Texts are, therefore, the basic means we have for accessing philosophical ideas from the past. Without texts, an approach to ideas from the past is inconceivable, while the job of a historian is to re-establish the indefinite meaning of a text. The most expedient interpretation is the one that makes the most sense from the standpoint of both philosophy and history, because the historian must rely on philosophical teachings from the past that have more meaning. Although it is pointed out that historians and historians consider some masked value statements to be descriptive, with the recognition that many of them include descriptions; what is more important is reflected more in the fact that the historical explanation of the philosophical past necessarily includes and implies value statements, then the task of history implies and encompasses evaluation.
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Vengerska, Victoria, and Oleksandr Zhukovskyi. "SOVIET PERIOD OF HISTORY AND HOLOCAUST IN ORAL HISTORY STUDIES: BETWEEN OFFICIAL AND PERSONAL MEMORY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112019.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of action of individual and collective memory on the features of remembering/ forgetting / interpreting complex pages of history. The use of oral historical memories has allowed to trace the level of influence of stereotypes and dominant (official) historical narratives that were formed both in the Soviet period and in the independence era. The methodological basis of the study is the tools of oral, social history and the history of everyday life. Scientific novelty. The article is written on the basis of oral historical evidence. The article focuses on the issues that break stereotypes about Jews formed during the Soviet period. The collected evidence constitutes an important source of information that explains the peculiarities of the formation of social memory and political factors that determine the agenda of historical policy in a given period.
Conclusions. The article considers several blocks of problems that reflect the most typical stereotypes, fixed at the level of consciousness, behavioral attitudes, partially presented (or omitted) facts from history, which to some extent destroy them. The memoirs used in the article, which were collected in the framework of the project "Voices" in 2020 in Zhytomyr region (in which the author has participated), reflect the similarity of general ideas, assessments, tone, and memory stereotypes about anti-Semitism, the legitimacy of the Holodomor’s status of the genocide directed exclusively against ethnic Ukrainians, the role and place of Jews in the victory over Nazism, the peculiarities of evacuation, and the issues of preserving and honoring the memory of those killed during the Holocaust. At the same time, those memoirs demonstrate the differences between collective and individual memory, which preserves plots that to some extent destroy stereotypical attitudes that have long been ingrained in the mind and, accordingly, influenced the formation of social memory. The analysis of the interviews shows that oral history has significant source potential for studying various issues and sections of Soviet and modern history that await their researchers.
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Shakirov, Shukhratjon. "Units Of Psychological Operations: History Of Creation And Modern Trends." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 02, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue11-25.
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The article deals with the creation of subdivisions of psychological operations in different historical epochs of time, trends in their development, the use of various forms and methods, along with the formation of the theory of psychological operations itself, as well as their role and place in the achievement of individual societies and states of their own goals and objectives.
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Barnes, Barry. "Randall Collins on status groups and statuses." Thesis Eleven 154, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619874930.
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This paper focuses on what could be learned about statuses and status groups from the work of Randall Collins in the 1980s, and in particular from Weberian Sociological Theory (1986). I mention how I myself found this book useful at that time to further my own work in the sociology of science and in sociological theory, and emphasise its value in appreciating the fundamental and irremediable deficiencies of individualistic rational choice theory in both contexts. I go on to note how Collins, a ‘macro’ sociologist in the 1980s, was nonetheless well aware of the indispensable role of micro-sociology in advancing the fundamental understanding of the field as a whole, and his singling out of Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel as primus inter pares for their special theoretical importance at this time. I say a little about why these two did indeed have much to contribute to an understanding of statuses and of status groups and still do even today, and end by noting how effectively Collins has used and built upon the work of Goffman in particular since the 1980s.
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Davis, M. Elaine. "Archaeology education and the political landscape of American schools." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066369.
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Education, a primary mode for transmitting society's knowledge, values and beliefs, is a highly political endeavour. To understand fully the place of archaeology within the framework of public education in the United States, some background in the broader political landscape and sanctioned curricula in American schools is necessary. This article examines some key aspects of these issues, including governmental control of education, the ‘history of history’ in schools, and the appropriation of the past. It also looks at the status of archaeology education in the United States and considers an appropriate role for pre-college archaeology.
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Kawaguchi, Akira T., Hratch L. Karamanoukian, and Leonard M. Linde. "Partial Left Ventriculectomy: History, Current Status, and Future Role." Journal of Cardiac Surgery 16, no. 1 (January 2001): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2001.tb00477.x.
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Kenna, Joshua L., and Stewart Waters. "Women on America’s Historical Landscape: Teaching with Monuments and Memorials." Social Studies Research and Practice 11, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-03-2016-b0006.
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We expand on the use of monuments and memorials in the social studies classroom, while further promoting a more inclusive curriculum that better represents women in the social studies. The way and frequency in which history textbooks and social studies classrooms represent women has improved over the decades; though, it still needs refining. The imbalance goes beyond the social studies classroom and includes the very resources we are advocating social studies teachers use, the United States’ historical monuments and memorials. We, therefore, offer social studies teachers a rationale, resources, and suggested activities for incorporating monuments and memorials commemorating the role of females in U.S. history. Considering less than eight percent of the United States’ cataloged, public outdoor statues honoring individuals are of women.
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Nohel, Petr. "Role ženy a její vývoj v evropském nástupnickém právu." PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 52, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.36.
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Although the history of European law of succession is colourful, changes in its conception have been continuous, especially in case of transferring the claims. They have not been adopted equally consistently by all states in which the monarchy order is still an integral part of the legal system. We can find out the trend of transition from more rigorous forms (such as Salic or Agnatic law) to the current absolute primogeniture, which is gradually applied across whole continent. In some countries there we can find significant divergence between this successor order and older nobelmen orders. The status of women became over time more equal to the status of men, but at the same time women gradually lost their exclusive position that was reserved for them by previous orders.
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Alper, Ty. "The Role of State Medical Boards In Regulating Physician Participation In Executions." Journal of Medical Regulation 95, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-95.3.16.
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ABSTRACT The recent increase in calls for physician participation in lethal injection executions is likely to place a spotlight on state medical boards, the only entities empowered to discipline doctors for ethical violations. This article begins by recounting the history of physician participation in lethal injection executions, as well as the opposition of most medical professional organizations to the practice. The current state of the law suggests, however, that the role of state medical boards is quite circumscribed, at least in the majority of states with death penalty statutes that appear to contemplate some level of physician participation in executions. In order to further determine the legality of medical board action, I conducted a comprehensive study of the statutes and regulations governing state medical boards in all 50 states. The study concludes that only a handful of states – and only seven death-penalty states – explicitly incorporate the AMA's ethical guidelines into their own state ethical codes. I conclude by suggesting that, where doctors who participate in executions are doing so in order to relieve pain and suffering, it is not clear that a state medical board should intervene even in the rare instance when it would be legally possible to do so.
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McKechnie, Paul. "The Greek States and Rome." Classical Review 55, no. 1 (March 2005): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clrevj/bni128.
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Nikolaeva, Helena V. "A Statue as a Fractal Representation of Culture: the Case of the «One&Other» Art-Project." Observatory of Culture, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2014-0-1-18-25.
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Deals with a city statue as a fractal pattern of culture and history. The fractality of city statues and monuments has a distinct conceptual stochastic-aleatoric character. The study reveals special aspects of fractal representation of culture through the example of the «One&Other» art-project (London, 2009) by A. Gormley. It analyses fractal chronotopos of the project and the role of the Other in cultural recursions
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Rysbekov, Tuyakbai Z. "Батыс Алаш және оның қазақ мемлекеттігі идеясы жолындағы рөлі." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 138, no. 1 (2022): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-138-1-72-92.
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In the modern development of independent Kazakhstan, despite the global economic crisis, the pandemic, and other difficulties, scientists pay special attention to the problem of differentiation of the pages of our history that have not yet been opened and thoroughly studied. And particular importance among them is attached to famine in Kazakhstan in the 1920s and 1930s and the history of Alash Orda. In connection with the new requirements for the social sciences and increased access to previously closed archival documents, historians make a significant contribution to the elimination of «white spots» in the history of Kazakhstan. In recent years, as a result of activities of the creative community of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the names of many social, political and cultural figures, unreasonably punished during the period of Stalin’s cult of personality, have been returned. The leaders of the national movement in the early 20th century were the leaders of Alash Odra, who defended justice, equality, and national statehood in the Kazakh steppe. The main goals of the Alash movement were the following: preservation of the Kazakh nation, ensuring its integrity, preventing its division into classes and groups; the revival of the Kazakh statehood; return of the seized lands of the Kazakh peasantry; establishment of complete equality of all the nations living in the territory of Kazakhstan; creation of a national military detachment, etc Complete and realistic reconstruction of the past history is one of the main tasks of historical sciences today, including the history of national movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that occupies a significant place. This relates, first of all, to the Alash movement in Kazakhstan. In this article, the authors describe West Alash, which was Alash Orda’s part, and Zhahansha Dosmukhamedov, who was one of its leaders, and his hard work on the way to realizing all these goals.
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Marciak, Michał. "The Upper Tigris Region between Rome, Iran, and Armenia." Electrum 28 (2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.011.13369.
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The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the geopolitical status of the Upper Tigris area in antiquity, with a special focus on the period between ca. 401 BCE and the 6th century CE. Despite the popular impression that this area had a distinctly Armenian character, a closer look at its history shows that it was rather a territory with many local geopolitical entities that many neighboring countries periodically fought to possess. This area was strategically significant as a transit region located on the crossroads of important long-distance communication lines. Likewise, its natural resources were undoubtedly crucial to the neighboring countries. Indeed, powerful neighbors around the Upper Tigris area, including Armenia, the Iranian kingdoms of the Parthians and Sasanians, and Rome, sought to control this area, which was often located on the fringes of their states and as such was inevitably doomed to be contested by these empires onmany occasions. This situation can be acutely seen in the conflict between Rome and the Iranian kingdoms of the Parthians and Sasanians, when northern Mesopotamia became a real battleground between the competing empires. In particular, the paper will sketch the development of the geopolitical status of several small geopolitical entities in this region—Sophene, Osrhoene, Gordyene, and Adiabene.
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Олександр Вікторович Мосієнко. "PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN AT THE SOUTH-WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ANALYSIS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11184.
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Modernity alongside with new technologies development, fundamental changes in the printing industry and informatization of society presented the mankind with such an invention as propaganda. It became an integral part of authoritarian and totalitarian political regimes of the XXth century. However, as a tool of consciousness manipulation, it was actively used by the empires during the "long" XIXth century. In the conditions of the First World War propaganda played a significant role in the mobilization processes and in the formation of the enemy's image. The article attempts to assess the effectiveness of the propaganda during the First World War. The article examines the researches that analyze the events of the war from the point of view of Soviet, modern Ukrainian and foreign historiography and contain descriptions of the propaganda campaign on the front line and in the rear. The state of modern historical research is highlighted and the prospects of further research are indicated. The study of the experience of the First World War and the information component of the fighting can be useful, given the fact that the Russian Federation today uses ideological stamps of that period.The analysis of existing studies on the issues of the First World War in general and its propaganda component in particular proves an increasing interest in the investigation of information warfare topic. Since 2014, the number of studies devoted to the First World War has increased in domestic and foreign research. The Ukrainian regions were a part of Austria-Hungary and Russia, so the usage of the Ukrainian national question in the propaganda of those states was significant. However, the issue of the propaganda war between the two empires is not covered comprehensively.The first study on this subject was of general practical character. The first foreign scholars who examined propaganda were mass communication specialists. For Soviet historical science, the priority task was to study the revolutionary events of 1917 and the period of the civil war. The events of 1914-1918 were interpreted only as an imperialist war, their study was conducted tendentiously. Modern historiography on the First World War reflects the main directions of the European historical school at the beginning of the XXIst century with a focus on social and socio-cultural history. Foreign historiography is represented by Russian, European and American authors. In their research considerable attention is paid to the topic of military psychology and cultural-anthropological aspects of war. The analysis of the extent of the given problem research in the studies of foreign historians suggests a sufficient level of its investigation. Modern historians pay much attention to the ideological aspect, the analysis of visual propaganda. The interest in considering the mechanisms for the formation of images of the enemy, its state and allies increased. A promising object of historical research is the study of the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the propaganda production of both empires.
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Aleprete Jr., Michael. "Competing Visions of the International System: Role-identity Incommensurability and U.S.-Russian Relations." Russian History 38, no. 1 (2011): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633111x549632.
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AbstractU.S. and Russian foreign policy elites view the international system in fundamentally different ways. The predominant view held by American elites is that the United States is a unipolar power with unique leadership responsibilities. Russian elites view the international system to be a multipolar arrangement, one in which a group of great powers, including the Russian Federation, possess roughly equal international responsibilities and prerogatives. This essay reviews the key doctrinal statements produced by the Russian and U.S. governments since 1991 that outline the assumptions underlying each state's foreign policy, and discusses how these doctrines developed from each sides' experiences in the post-Cold War era. Particular attention is given to the United States' National Security Strategy, which is published every four years, and to the Russian Foreign Policy Concept, which has been published at the beginning of each Russian presidency. The essay also addresses the consequences this role-identity incommensurability will likely have on the prospects for future cooperation between the two states.
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Arthurs, Joshua. "The anatomy of controversy, from Charlottesville to Rome." Modern Italy 24, no. 02 (March 25, 2019): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.9.
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This article compares two recent memory controversies in the United States and Italy – the removal of the Robert E. Lee statue in Charlottesville, Virginia and theLegge Fiano,the abortive ban on Fascist propaganda proposed by Emanuele Fiano and the Partito Democratico – in order to identify a common set of challenges now confronting liberal democracies on both sides of the Atlantic. While acknowledging thelongue duréeof memory politics surrounding the Confederacy and Fascism respectively, the article argues that disputes over their monuments and symbols must also be situated in terms of contemporary debates over national identity, race, populism, citizenship and speech.
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McDowell, Stacey. "Shiftiness in Keats's ‘Ode on Indolence’." Romanticism 23, no. 1 (April 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2017.0304.
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This essay identifies a kind of shiftiness at work in Keats's ‘Ode on Indolence’. Apparent both in the poem's depiction of indolence as a wavering between mind states, and in its wordplay, ambiguity and structural instability, this shifty quality presents an unsettling, more mischievous side of Negative Capability. This quality may account, too, for the peculiar textual instability of the ode, which has seen the order of its stanzas variously rearranged by critics and editors over the course of its bibliographical history. The essay concludes by considering the indolence of the poem's title in relation to a pun contained in its epigraph, which raises questions about what drives poetic creativity and considers the distinction between the labour of professional authorship versus ideas about inspiration and organic composition.
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Kadurina, A. O. "SYMBOLISM OF ROSES IN LANDSCAPE ART OF DIFFERENT HISTORICAL ERAS." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-148-157.
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Background.Rosa, as the "Queen of Flowers" has always occupied a special place in the garden. The emergence of rose gardens is rooted in antiquity. Rose is a kind of “tuning fork” of eras. We can see how the symbolism of the flower was transformed, depending on the philosophy and cultural values of society. And this contributed to the various functions and aesthetic delivery of roses in gardens and parks of different eras. Despite the large number of works on roses, today there are no studies that can combine philosophy, cultural aspects of the era, the history of gardens and parks with symbols of the plant world (in particular roses) with the identification of a number of features and patterns.Objectives.The purpose of the article is to study the symbolism of rosesin landscape gardening art of different eras.Methods.The historical method helps to trace the stages of the transformation of the symbolism of roses in different historical periods. The inductive method allows you to move from the analysis of the symbolism of roses in each era to generalization, the identification of patterns, the connection of the cultural life of society with the participation of roses in it. Graph-analytical method reveals the features of creating various types of gardens with roses, taking into account trends in styles and time.Results.In the gardens of Ancient Greece, the theme of refined aesthetics, reflections on life and death dominated. It is no accident that in ancient times it was an attribute of the goddesses of love. In antiquity, she was a favorite flower of the goddess of beauty and love of Aphrodite (Venus). In connection with the legend of the goddess, there was a custom to draw or hang a white rose in the meeting rooms, as a reminder of the non-disclosure of the said information. It was also believed that roses weaken the effect of wine and therefore garlands of roses decorated feasts, festivities in honor of the god of winemaking Dionysus (Bacchus). The rose was called the gift of the gods. Wreaths of roses were decorated: statues of the gods during religious ceremonies, the bride during weddings. The custom of decorating the floor with rose petals, twisting columns of curly roses in the halls came to the ancient palace life from Ancient Egypt, from Queen Cleopatra, highlighted this flower more than others. In ancient Rome, rose gardens turned into huge plantations. Flowers from them were intended to decorate palace halls during feasts. In Rome, a religious theme was overshadowed by luxurious imperial greatness. It is interesting that in Rome, which constantly spreads its borders, a rose from a "female" flower turned into a "male" one. The soldiers, setting out on a campaign, put on pink wreaths instead of helmets, symbolizing morality and courage, and returning with victory, knocked out the image of a rose on shields. From roses weaved wreaths and garlands, received rose oil, incense and medicine. The banquet emperors needed so many roses, which were also delivered by ships from Egypt. Ironically, it is generally accepted that Nero's passion for roses contributed to the decline of Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, rose plantations were abandoned because Christianity first associated this flower with the licentiousness of Roman customs. In the Early Middle Ages, the main theme is the Christian religion and roses are located mainly in the monastery gardens, symbolizing divine love and mercy. Despite the huge number of civil wars, when the crops and gardens of neighbors were violently destroyed, the only place of peace and harmony remained the monastery gardens. They grew medicinal plants and flowers for religious ceremonies. During this period, the rose becomes an attribute of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ and various saints, symbolizing the church as a whole. More deeply, the symbolism of the rose was revealed in Catholic life, when the rosary and a special prayer behind them were called the "rose garden". Now the rose has become the personification of mercy, forgiveness, martyrdom and divine love. In the late Middle Ages, in the era of chivalry, roses became part of the "cult of the beautiful lady." Rose becomes a symbol of love of a nobleman to the wife of his heart. Courtesy was of a socially symbolic nature, described in the novel of the Rose. The lady, like a rose, symbolized mystery, magnificent beauty and temptation. Thus, in the Late Middle Ages, the secular principle manifests itself on a par with the religious vision of the world. And in the Renaissance, the religious and secular component are in balance. The theme of secular pleasures and entertainments was transferred further to the Renaissance gardens. In secular gardens at palaces, villas and castles, it symbolized love, beauty, grace and perfection. In this case, various secret societies appear that choose a rose as an emblem, as a symbol of eternity and mystery. And if the cross in the emblem of the Rosicrucians symbolized Christianity, then the rose symbolized a mystical secret hidden from prying eyes. In modern times, secular life comes to the fore, and with it new ways of communication, for example, in the language of flowers, in particular roses. In the XVII–XVIII centuries. gardening art is becoming secular; sesame, the language of flowers, comes from Europe to the East. White rose symbolized a sigh, pink –an oath of love, tea –a courtship, and bright red –admiration for beauty and passionate love [2]. In aristocratic circles, the creation of lush rose gardens is in fashion. Roses are actively planted in urban and suburban gardens. In modern times, rose gardens carry the idea of aesthetic relaxation and enjoyment. Many new varieties were obtained in the 19th century, during the period of numerous botanical breeding experiments. At this time, gardening ceased to be the property of the elite of society and became publicly available. In the XX–XXI centuries. rosaries, as before, are popular. Many of them are located on the territory of ancient villas, palaces and other structures, continuing the tradition.
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Khomkin, A. L., and A. S. Shumikhin. "Plasma phase transition: the role of bound states and somewhat history." Vestnik Ob"edinennogo instituta vysokikh temperatur 4, no. 1 (2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33849/2020101.
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Kim, Doo-Chul. "The status and role of the Bokcheondong Tombs in Gaya History." HANGDO BUSAN 37 (February 28, 2019): 249–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19169/hd.2019.2.37.249.
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Garfunkel, Ianiv. "The Referral of the Situation in Venezuela to the International Criminal Court: The Office of the Prosecutor Should Not Step In… Yet." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10028.
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Abstract On 26 September 2018, six American States Parties to the Rome Statute referred the Situation in Venezuela to the Office of the Prosecutor (‘OTP’) of the International Criminal Court, regarding crimes against humanity. Those States rested on Article 14 of the Rome Statute to proceed. That referral – namely, crimes committed outside the territory of the referring State(s) – was the second of its kind received by the icc in its more than 15-year working history. The otp is currently considering the referral under the so-called ‘Preliminary Examination’ stage, wherein the admissibility test is likely to be addressed within the complementarity principle, according to Article 17 of the Rome Statute. Despite the duty to exercise their criminal jurisdiction, as the Preamble to the Rome Statue stipulates, and the fact that those six American States recognize some sort of extraterritorial jurisdiction, those States remained inactive. What should the otp do when six democracies, who are able to act, do not even try to launch an investigation for crimes they have expressed concerns about, without providing an explanation for their inactivity? This article will analyse how the otp should deal with this referral in terms of the complementarity principle, having regard to the positive approach to complementarity. Accordingly, it will be argued that the Prosecutor should refrain from intervening until those States attempt to act and/or, in case of legal or factual inability, justify the referral.
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Bisson, L. S. "European Social Dialogue: History, Characteristics, and Perspectives." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S7 (December 2022): S660—S666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622130147.
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Abstract The author examines the role of the European Social Dialogue (ESD) in decision-making on social policy and labor relations at supranational level in the EU. The author looks into the history and distinctive features of the ESD, its formats, procedures, and legal framework. Based on a review of the institutionalization of social dialogue at the national level in the EU-27, the author draws two conclusions. The first is that the development of social dialogue is uneven across the Union because of the particularities of the social models of the member states and their political and socioeconomic development. The second is that, despite national differences, the coverage of workers by collective agreements in the EU as a whole and the entrenchment of social dialogue at the supranational level make it an integral and distinctive feature of the European social model. An analysis of the evolution of the ESD suggests that there has been a continual move towards a more autonomous status for the social partners. However, because of the 2008–2010 crisis, the ESD’s role has significantly weakened. “A New Start for Social Dialogue” announced by the Juncker’s Commission and several further initiatives are largely declarative. The Court of Justice’s 2021 decision limiting the scope for implementing autonomous agreements at the communitarian level could have a negative impact on the further development of the ESD. Finally, the author positively assesses the possible role of the ESD in overcoming the social consequences of internal and external challenges and the negative effects of transformation of the labor markets.
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Votta, Mariano. "Isolated but not alone: the response to the pandemic in the story of pags: from the italian case history to the global health summit “rome declaration”." Clinical Research Notes 3, no. 3 (April 30, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8816/057.
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Struggling with practical problems such as the sudden cancellation of scheduled visits and exams and a sense of abandonment and uncertainty. This is how the “ordinary” patients lived the period of the health emergency in Italy. At the same time, civic and rights protection associations, since the beginning, have been active with a sense of responsibility, creativity, and energy, often revealing themselves to be the only point of reference and the only service available to citizens. This is the double side of the coin, in the implications of the pandemic on chronic and rare patients, which emerged from the XVIII National Report on Chronic Policies of Cittadinanzattiva, presented on October 13th, 2020, and entitled: “Isolated but not alone: the response to the pandemic in the story of Patients Advocacy Groups (PAGs)” [1]. The Report arised from the story of 34 Italian associations of patients with chronic and rare diseases who adhered to the National Coalition of Associations for Patients suffering Chronic Diseases (CnAMC) [2] of Cittadinanzattiva [3]. This experience - thanks to Active Citizenship Network [4] - was first socialized on the occasion of the 15th European Patients' Rights Day held on May 5th & 6th, 2021 [5], and then brought to the attention of the leaders of the G20 and other states, gathered together with the heads of international and regional organizations on the occasion of the Global Health Summit held in Rome on May 21, 2021 [6].
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García, Juan Carlos Moreno. "Ancient States and Pharaonic Egypt: An Agenda for Future Research." Journal of Egyptian History 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 203–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340018.
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Comparative history on ancient empires has seen a flourishing renewal in recent years. Many studies are devoted either to the study of a particular aspect (or aspects) in many societies of the past, or to the analysis of selected characteristics present in two ancient states, usually China and Rome. However, pre-Ptolemaic Egypt is conspicuously absent in such discussions despite the considerable wealth of Pharaonic sources and archaeological evidence. Therefore, several paths for prospective comparative research are proposed, from the organization of agriculture and productive activities in general to the ways in which ancient states promoted and “captured” flows of wealth through trade, imperialism, and taxation; from the reproduction of power and authority in the long run to the integration of different actors with their own (and often diverging) interests into a single political entity. The final aim is to contribute to a theory of ancient states where long-lived monarchies like ancient China and Pharaonic Egypt could play a leading role.
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Pronin, Konstantin V. "The role of consciousness in evolutionary history: An epiphenomenon or a decisive adaptive factor in natural selection." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 22, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-1-45-49.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the opinion widespread in the scientific community about the decisive adaptive role of consciousness in the process of natural selection. Hypotheses about the functions of consciousness as a central element of the information processing mechanism and the development of a control effect on the behavior of the organism are considered. The conclusion is formulated according to which such functions traditionally ascribed to consciousness, such as coordinating the work of highly specialized “intellectual” subsystems of the brain and providing them with quick access to informational resources of memory, providing second-order intentions and regulating complex behavior, can be successfully implemented by “automatic brains” carrying out processing information coming from outside and forming the most adequate model of behavior exclusively at the “hardware” level. All this may testify in favor of the hypothesis of the epiphenomenal nature of consciousness and the absence of the influence of consciousness on the processes of biological evolution. Certain aspects of this problem are considered from the position of the hypothesis about the possibility of endowing subjective states in general and consciousness, as the most complex form of realizing subjective states, in particular, with the status of a fundamental property of matter, irreducible to any of the already known properties.
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Hunter, Robert E. "The United States Role in the Middle East." Current History 89, no. 544 (February 1, 1990): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1990.89.544.49.
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