Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statues – Rome – History'
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1
Koseoglu, Ayca. "Changing Context Of Olympic Victor Statues In Greece And Rome." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614820/index.pdf.
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The aim of the thesis is to investigate the standing of Olympic victor statues in Greece and Rome. The major focus is on how the meaning and the perception of the statues become transformed in different contexts. Throughout the study the reception alongside the location and meaning of athletic sculpture are primary points of concern. The standing of the patron and the viewer with respect to transformed models and their perception in relation to context constitute a significant part while formal details of artistic creativity and workmanship are dealt with only as necessary. It is known that Roman victor sculptures go back to Greek modelshowever remarkable change is revealed in the context and meaning of display &ndash
such as the emergence of statues for the decoration of private villas or public baths &ndash
rather than major stylistic changes in the statues themselves. So, the goal of the study is to understand how the Romans looked to the past and to Greeks in particular. An attempt is made to understand how Romans used their own values to appropriate and transform earlier Greek models, by focusing especially on the display and context.
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Wittekind, Paul J. "The United States, Great Britain, and the treaties of Rome, 1955 to 1957 /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940665434782.
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Wright, Emily Helen. "Married, but at Whose House?: Parson Rose and the Colonial Virginian Wedding." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626729.
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Jewett, Lorraine E. "Technological innovations and the evolving role of the television news broadcaster : towards a U.S. history." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63805.
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Servis, Joseph. ""I Rode Six Miles to Zion": The Experiences of a Circuit Rider in Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626075.
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Pitzer, Elizabeth Neal. "Sallie and Elizabeth Galt: Compliance and Resistance to the "Southern Lady" Role in Antebellum Williamsburg." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625315.
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Brenneman, Dale Susan 1956. "Ethnohistoric evidence for the economic role of cotton in the protohistoric Southwest." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/266812.
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This study examines the Spanish ethnohistoric evidence for the economic role of cotton in the Southwest at the time of contact, doing so within an integrated framework for economic behavior. Critical evaluation of the text and the organization of individual references to cotton by production, distribution, and consumption reveal the limited nature of this line of evidence; however, systematic comparison of the information it does yield shows that the Spanish documentary record does not support archaeological inferences of complex economic behavior with regard to cotton. Rather, the text suggests patterns that are more characteristic of a trading partner system. A comparison of this evidence with the archaeological record would shed additional light on this question.
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McCartney, Sarah Ellen. "A Blueprint for the Colony: The Virginia Company Charters and the Role of Religion at Jamestown." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720302.
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Lodge, Peter M. "The United States Role in the Creation and Development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LodgePM2008.pdf.
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Burke, Shari A. "The Effect of the Ideology of Motherhood on Women." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4894.
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The ideology of motherhood in the United States makes it seem as though motherhood is a natural role for women. The ideology holds mothers solely responsible for the well being of their children. Combined with the ideology of blaming the victim, the ideology of motherhood causes a great deal of guilt in women as mothers cannot possibly live up to the unrealistic expectations set up in the culture. In this study, I have used two case studies to illustrate the impact of the ideology of motherhood on the lives of these particular women. Utilizing the theories of Michel Foucault and Antonio Gramsci, I will show how the ideology is constructed, internalized, and enforced in the United States.
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Adams, Ellen E. ""of More Consequence Than the President": Frances Folsom Cleveland and the Role of First Lady in the Late Nineteenth Century." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626461.
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Haga, Kai Yin Allison. "An overlooked dimension of the Korean War: The role of Christianity and American missionaries in the rise of Korean nationalism, anti -colonialism, and eventual civil war, 1884-1953." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623326.
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This dissertation reveals how religious factors affected the development of the Korean War. Much prior research has analyzed the causes and nature of the Korean War, in part because of the war's impact upon later events, from the Cold War to the present day geopolitical standoff. Though the war has been much-studied, religious factors have rarely been included in these analyses. This de-emphasis of religion may be a justifiable simplification in general war historiographies, but not in the specific case of Korea. This current study uncovers the unique role of religion in Korean-American relations and in Korean culture and politics, prior-to-and-during the time of the Korean War.;The Korean War ushered in a time of intimate collaboration between state and non-state actors, unparalleled in American diplomatic and military history. Because American missionaries had been working among Koreans for many years, they possessed the language skills, human connections, and geographical knowledge that the US military lacked. From the early days within the Pusan Perimeter through the late period at P'anmunjo˘m, American missionaries were highly visible on the frontline, at the negotiation table, and in the POW camps. They were also important to the battle of propaganda. their letters and reports aroused sympathy in America for the Korea people.;In addition to the contributions of American Missionaries, the effect of Korean Christians was an equally important factor to the shaping of the conflict. Churches were rather influential within Korean society; clergymen were active in Korean politics; and many of the top politicians were Christians. Christianity was a major obstacle to Communist control of the North and subversive activities in the South. With the assistance of foreign funding, churches were transformed by the ravages of war into an important source of charitable assistance for millions of impoverished refugees. Although this study looks at religious factors in general, the discussion focuses primarily on Protestant churches and Protestant missionaries. These Protestant churches, of all religious institutions in Korea; exerted an influence far disproportionate to their per capita membership. Similarly, these Protestant missionaries, of all religious actors, had significant influence upon the American military and upon the American public. In particular, the majority of missionaries who stayed behind and worked effectively with the Korean government and US military were from the American Presbyterian missions. They took the initiative on relief efforts and set the standard for others to follow.;This dissertation makes an important contribution to religious history as well. In the process of assessing the impact of Christianity upon the Korean War, this dissertation begins by examining Christianity's development within Korea, primarily from the arrival of American missionaries in the late Choso˘n period. Christianity is found to have had a strong impact upon Korea's social development, internal politics, and foreign-relations. The Christian community was an important part of the independence movement against Japanese control. When one considers that South Korea has emerged today as one of the most Christianized of nations, that every elected Korean president has been a Christian, and that Korea now sends out more missionaries than any nation besides America, then the historical value of such a study of into Christianity's origins becomes clear.
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Ridner, Judith A. ""A handsomely improved place" : economic, social, and gender-role development in a backcountry town, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1750-1810." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623849.
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As a social history of the town and people of Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1750 to 1810, this dissertation traces the evolution of communal identity in the early American backcountry. By focusing on the growth and development of one urban community, this work details not only how and why one group of backcountry inhabitants took pride in their town's outward accomplishments and material prosperity, but also explains how Carlisle's evolutionary growth prompted the town's people to see themselves as key players in an economic and social universe that stretched far beyond the geographic boundaries of their localized realm.;Using state and county records, personal correspondence, business account books, and material evidence to delineate expanding networks of association on the local and regional levels, this study demonstrates that it was the combined expectations and aspirations generated by personal interactions and economic exchanges that governed how the men and women of Carlisle defined themselves and their roles within the rapidly changing worlds of colonial, revolutionary, and early national America.;In Carlisle, as in the rest of the American backcountry, communal identity was ultimately determined by the convergence of several competing, but nonetheless complementary, developmental forces. Carlisle's sense of itself was profoundly shaped by the independent and highly localized social, economic, and personal associations forged among the town's men and women in the private sphere of backcountry homes and in the public realm of frontier marketplaces. Carlisle's identity was also derived, however, from the town's gradual social, economic, and cultural integration into the metropolitan realms of the eastern port cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore.
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Grbin, Carole A. "The role of Britain in Yugoslavia and its successor states, 1991-1995." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6548/.
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This thesis comprises an empirical study of the British role in Yugoslavia and its successor states between 1991 and 1995, and demonstrates that the British government led the international 'consensus' during that time, through what may be considered a doctrine of assertive appeasement while, at the same time, misleading parliament on issues crucial to an understanding of the situation. It also demonstrates that British policy was consistent, unlike that of its western allies, in obstructing initiatives aimed at effective international military intervention, which resulted in a prolongation of the war, and advanced the agenda of the Belgrade regime. The motives which may have guided British policy in this instance are discussed briefly in the introductory chapter which offers an outline of the global framework within which British policy was formulated in the wake of the Cold War, with particular reference to Britain's place in the New European order, following the downing of the Berlin Wall, and in the lead-up to the Maastricht Treaty. A chronological approach has been adopted as the most appropriate in demonstrating some of the intricate manoeuvres which characterised British diplomacy in the region at crucial junctures of the war.
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Lee, Elsa. "The changing role and status of the drummer in Chuanju (Sichuan opera) /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4772.pdf.
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Tharp, Brent Warren. ""Preserving their form and features": The role of coffins in the American understanding of death, 1607-1870." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623890.
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This dissertation is a study of the American coffin, its origins, forms, and meanings especially with regard to its role in the integration of death in American society before 1870. Coffins have generally been ignored by material culture studies primarily because of our society's cultural uneasiness with the topic of death. Current American funeral and burial practices seem bizarre and ahistorical and have often been characterized as the result of twentieth-century commercial greed. However, coffins have a long history as important artifacts which American society has used to legitimize death in subtly different ways for generations. This study examines the first uses of coffins in seventeenth-century America and follows their development up to the consolidation of the field of funeral directing and the mass production of coffins in the years after the Civil War.;This dissertation will investigate the role of coffins as they developed through the interaction of three major cultural systems, Christianity, gentility, and modernity. Each had an influence on the form and meaning of coffins and on each other. The origins of coffins lie in the system of Christianity and its emphasis on the resurrection of the body. Although Christianity would continue to influence attitudes toward death, burial practices and coffin use underwent a process of secularization. This allowed other systems, primarily gentility, to incorporate coffins and burial.;Within the cultural system of gentility, coffins first served as an object of status for the gentry, but their role changed as the process of commercialization made decorated coffins more available to a greater number of Americans, and gentility was modified into respectability. Eventually the system of modernity incorporated coffin use, as mass marketing and production combined with technological innovations. This was exemplified by the introduction of the metallic burial case. By tracing the developments in coffins and burial and their role in cultural systems, we may better understand how American society was able to continually legitimize the institution of death and create a common understanding of experience.
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Smith, Neville Benjamin. "The history of vocational education's role in educating the disadvantaged, 1800s to 1963." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27988.
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McCool, Lauren Zawistowski. "Religion as a Role: Decoding Performances of Mormonism in the Contemporary United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343429819.
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Dolgin, Anthony Shane. "The expanding role of the United States Senate in Supreme Court confirmation proceedings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37201.pdf.
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Popovich, Sara A. "Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik: The Changing Role in United States-West German Relations, an Analysis of United States Government Internal Documents." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/80.
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This thesis analyzes a crucial period in the relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America, through the use of US government internal documents. Willy Brandt brought forth a new vision of Ostpolitik that was starkly different from policies that the US had dealt with before, subsequently leaving the Nixon Administration largely unsure of how to react. The change in FRG economic positioning vis-à-vis the United States, and catalyst political events in the 1960’s, created the impetus for Brandt’s vision of OStpolitik, which culminated in the interim West German control of the Western Alliance’s Eastern Politics.
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Abbott, Sherry L. "My Mother Could Send up the Most Powerful Prayer: The Role of African American Slave Women in Evangelical Christianity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AbbottSL2003.pdf.
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Coulter, Matthew Ware. "Beyond the Merchants of Death: the Senate Munitions Inquiry of the 1930s and its Role in Twentieth-Century American History." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279357/.
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The Senate Munitions Committee of 1934-1936, chaired by Gerald Nye of North Dakota, provided the first critical examination of America's modern military establishment. The committee approached its task guided by the optimism of the progressive Social Gospel and the idealism of earlier times, but in the middle of the munitions inquiry the nation turned to new values represented in Reinhold Niebuhr's realism and Franklin D. Roosevelt's Second New Deal. By 1936, the committee found its views out of place in a nation pursuing a new course and in a world threatening to break out in war. Realist historians writing in the cold war period (1945-1990) closely linked the munitions inquiry to isolationism and created a one-dimensional history in which the committee chased evil "merchants of death." The only book-length study of the munitions investigation, John Wiltz's In Search of Peace, published in 1963, provided a realist interpretation. The munitions inquiry went beyond the merchants of death in its analysis of the post-World War I American military establishment. A better understanding emerges when the investigation is considered not only within an isolationist framework, but also as part of the intellectual, cultural, and political history of the interwar years. In particular, Franklin Roosevelt's political use of the investigation becomes apparent. Sources used include the committee's hearings, exhibits, and reports, the Gerald Nye Papers, the Franklin Roosevelt Papers, the Cordell Hull Papers, the R. Walton Moore Papers, the Henry Stimson Papers, the Homer Cummings Diaries, and the State Department's decimal files.
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Molin, Bengt Kristian. "The role of castles in the political and military history of the Crusader States and the Levant 1187 to 1380." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/565/.
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This thesis deals with the various functions of Latin and Armenian fortifications in Cilician Armenia, Greece, Cyprus, Syria and Palestine between 1187 and c.1380. Offensively, such structures were needed as starting points for both land based and naval campaigns into enemy territory, and could thereafter be used to colonize and suppress newly acquired land. Defensively, individual strongpoints could also prevent Greek, Bulgar or Muslim attackers from making any permanent conquests, whilst at the same time protecting local farmers and traders against the ravages of war. In addition, they were frequently relied on to maintain internal security and to deter hostile locals from rebelling against their overlords. The security provided by fortifications meant that they also fulfilled a wide variety of non-military functions as prisons, residences, courthouses and administrative centres. Most importantly, however, they enabled heavily outnumbered Latin newcomers to conquer large parts of the eastern Mediterranean without having to match their opponents man for man, or risking a direct confrontation with numerically superior invasion forces. These factors made castles and urban fortifications vital to the entire crusading movement, and they will therefore be discussed in great detail, with reference to a variety of contemporary chronicles and documents. In addition, extensive use will be made of archaeological and architectural evidence, for the design of an individual fortress was clearly determined by the numerous military, economic and political functions which it was expected to fulfil.
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Walker, Jessica Lorraine. "Our Anglo-Saxon ancestors : Thomas Jefferson and the role of English history in the building of the American nation." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0209.
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This thesis contends that Anglo-Saxon studies made a powerful contribution to Thomas Jefferson's development of public concepts of American identity and nationalism in ways that have been elided by scholars preoccupied with Jefferson's classicism. Jefferson's comprehensive survey of Anglo-Saxon grammar, language, law and emigration provided him with a precedent for revolution and helped him develop a model of American nationhood. Jefferson's detailed study of the Anglo-Saxon era set him apart from writers on both sides of the Atlantic in the period 1750-1860, and this thesis will argue that to generalize his interest as 'whig history' or a subscription to a theory of Teutonic superiority is unjustified. Chapter One considers Jefferson's educational background, his exposure to Anglo-Saxon history and the degree to which he might have been encouraged to pursue it. Previous studies of Jefferson's Anglo-Saxonism have presumed that there was a 'Gothic font' from which American Founding Fathers could drink; the detailed study of Anglo-Saxon historiography in this chapter will show otherwise. Chapter Two is concerned with a detailed examination of the collections of books relating to Anglo-Saxon history and language that Jefferson collected throughout his lifetime. If Jefferson was concerned with whig dialogues, or interested in the Saxons as a product of a passion for Tacitus we should find evidence of it here. In fact, the study of Jefferson's library in Chapter Two demonstrates that Jefferson was genuinely an expert Anglo-Saxon scholar and regarded that knowledge base as a political tool. Chapters Three and Four constitute detailed examinations of the nationalist use to which Jefferson put his understanding of early English history. Chapter Three considers the problem of shared heritage with Britain confronting the American statesman in the 1760s and 1770s and his employment of pre-Norman history in resolving this conflict. Chapter Four enlarges upon the study of American national identity, with specific reference to the linguistic debates following on the Revolution. This chapter revolves around a reconsideration of Jefferson's Anglo-Saxon Essay and his attempts to introduce this language into the education of future American statesmen. Jefferson's examination of Anglo-Saxon history, when considered in this light, seems oddly discordant with the simplistic notion of Jefferson as a founder of Teutonic superiority. Chapter Five is interested in Jefferson's impact on historical rhetoric in the nineteenth century. Thomas Jefferson used English history as an aid to separating an American nation from the British Empire and he believed that Americans could look to their Anglo-Saxon ancestors for a precedent that would justify their independence from Britain. He saw in Anglo-Saxon studies a means for appropriating those parts of English history that could underpin a national identity defined by freedom, initiative, and perhaps a racial predilection for democracy, while simultaneously rejecting Britain's authority in his present.
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Kirsch, Scott Lawrence 1967. "The California rebound effect: An analysis of California's redistributive role in interstate migration." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291427.
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California has historically been the primary geographic focus of westward migration in the United States. Trends of the 1960 and 1970s indicate that California's role in interstate migration is changing to that of a redistributor of population. In net terms, California is attracting in-migrants from the traditional core region of the Northeast and Midwest, and distributing population throughout the peripheral West. The emergence and development of these trends from 1935 to 1980 are analyzed through the demographic effectiveness of migration, a singly-constrained gravity model, and reverse gravity model mapping of relative interstate distances from California. International and historical interstate migration to California are also reviewed, as well as recent data on interstate migration during the 1980s. The phenomenon of California's redistributive role in interstate migration is discussed in relation to spatial shifts in economic and social functions, the role of search space, and a changing geographic ideal.
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Horni, Hanna í. "British and U.S. post-neutrality policy in the North Atlantic area 09.04.1940-1945 : the role of Danish representatives." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42732.
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Following the German occupation of Denmark on April 9th 1940 Danish representatives were left to their own devices and their positions in their respective host-countries became very much dependent upon the goodwill shown to them by their host-governments and, in the case of the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland, the governments and officials of the occupying forces. With their connections with the Government in Copenhagen severed the main task of the Danish representatives was to secure Danish interests in the North Atlantic Territories as well as elsewhere. The fact that Denmark had not put up a fight to defend her neutrality and the subsequent collaboration of the Danish Government with the German occupiers counted against the Danish representatives abroad. However, the Danes were able to exercise a remarkable level of influence on the British and Americans with regard to their policies towards the North Atlantic Area. The extent of influence was mainly due to the entrepreneurship of each individual, the constitutional status of the territory as part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and also due to strategic importance attached by the occupying forces' governments to the occupied territories in question. This latter point became especially apparent in the power struggle amongst the Danish representatives that emerged from the lack of a Danish Government in exile. It became important to the British and the Americans that it was the Danish representative in their country, who emerged as the victor of this power struggle, because that would help to secure their future interests in the North Atlantic territories. The Danish representatives were thus in some cases shown more goodwill and attention than their Norwegian colleagues, although the Norwegians had put up a brave fight against the Germans and had joined the allied side. The North Atlantic area proved very important to the general war policy of the British and Americans during Second World War. British policies were much dependent upon the Americans and Greenland and Iceland became instrumental in the increased involvement of the Americans in the war.
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Geldreich, Adam Arnold 1954. "The role of congressional control in the adjudication of Indian claims in the United States Court of Claims." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278190.
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Indian Claims in the United States Court of Claims possess the unique quality of close congressional scrutiny. Because of the long-standing legislative relationship existing between the legislative branch and Indian tribal groups, the experiences of tribes in the Court of Claims held particular dynamics which were exclusively distinctive in many ways. It is my hypothesis that congressional plenary power over Indian tribes and the influential legislative control which Congress exercised over the Court of Claims combined to put Indians in a litigatory environment which doomed the possibility for the majority of tribes to achieve successful redress of grievances.
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Haupt, Tanya M. "History and status of oyster exploitation and culture in South Africa, and the role of oysters as vectors for marine alien species." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8934.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-86).In South Africa, both wild and cultivated oysters are consumed. Edible wild oysters include Striostrea margaritacea, Saccostrea cucullata, Ostrea atherstonei and 0. algoensis and all occur along the South and East coasts. These oysters were, or are, exploited commercially, recreationally and via subsistence fishers with S. margaritacea being the most targeted species. The commercial harvesting areas are along the Southern Cape coast and in KwaZulu-Natal. The Southern Cape coast is the largest harvesting area with 102 of the 145 pickers employed in the region. Commercial and recreational harvesting is managed by the Marine and Coastal Management Branch of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. Data on the total annual catch of oysters in these provinces are minimum estimates, as collectors do not always comply with the harvesting regulations. Subsistence harvesting is largely unmanaged, except in KZN, and is particularly rife in the Eastern Cape Province. The culture of oysters is dependent on importing Crassostrea gigas spat mostly from Chile. Oyster production statistics are only available since 1985, but approximately two million Crassostrea gigas oysters were produced annually throughout the seventies and early eighties. Since then, production has fluctuated over the years with an approximate increase of six million between 1985 and 1991, a decrease of five million between 1991 and 1998, and is presently stable. The establishment and closure of a highly productive farm in the late eighties and early nineties respectively, as well as improved production in recent years, has resulted in these trends. Although the market for oysters has grown, production has not kept up with demand, due to a lack of suitable locations for mariculture purposes. Finding suitable sites for oyster cultivation along the Northern Cape coast and establishing local oyster hatcheries for C. gigas oysters is suggested as the way forward. The latter would also prevent associated marine alien species from being imported with spat. Globally, oysters are well known vectors of marine alien species and despite oyster imports as early as 1894 into South Africa, this topic has been afforded little or no local attention. A visit to various oyster farms in South Africa resulted in the discovery of four newly-recorded alien species: the black sea urchin Tetrapygus niger, from Chile, the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, thought to be locally extinct following its intentional introduction into South Africa in 1946, Montagu's crab Xantho incisus, from Europe, and the brachiopod Discinisca tenuis, from neighbouring Namibia. Oyster imports are suggested as their most likely vector into South Africa and the biological attributes of some emphasizes the possible threat and the need to limit or prevent their spread. Local or intraregional translocation of C. gigas and associated species, including aliens colonizing the area, may aid in this spread. Oysters host a diverse community of epi-and infaunal fouling taxa, which can be accidentally translocated along with their hosts in the course of commercial oyster trade. Thus, the types and quantities of fouling taxa occurring on farmed Crassostrea gigas were examined. How effectively these taxa are removed by standard cleansing techniques and whether those that persist after washing, survived intraregional translocation, were also examined. Cleaning and translocating oysters significantly reduced both the quantity (by more than 30 and 40 times respectively) and variety of fouling taxa. Although the mean abundance (A) or biomass (B) of taxa in uncleansed oysters (A: 79.48±233.10 (SD), B: 0.034±0.314 (SD)) were greatly reduced in cleansed oysters (A: 2.30±7.65 (SD), B: 0.0003±0.002 (SD)), small quantities still managed to survive translocation (A: 1.87± 7.43 (SD), B: 0.006±0.020 (SD)). Thus, the effectiveness of exposing oysters to freshwater or heated seawater as a more thorough cleansing regimen, to prevent the translocation of such taxa, were examined. Results indicated that oysters were able to survive for a longer time in freshwater (0% mortalities after 18 h) than in heated seawater (26.7% mortalities after 40 sec), but most taxa were eliminated more effectively by the latter treatment (e.g. 88.5% of the mudworm Polydora hoplura died after 20 sec compared to 97.5% after 18 h in freshwater). However, only a single reproductive individual of an alien species may be required for a successful introduction, and soaking for 20 sec in heated seawater would still be ineffective. An alternative treatment of 18 h in freshwater and 20 sec in heated seawater or freshwater, is suggested as a more effective treatment.
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Mills, Pamela J. "Double vision : the dual roles of women on the homefront during World War II through the lens of government documentary films." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834129.
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World War II was a time of great changes. Many aspects of American society underwent profound shifts but one predominant part of American culture did not change -- theaccepted roles of women. The government documentary films of World War II reveal attitudes, ideas, and assumptions which not only reinforced traditional roles but also reflected theresistance to gender-role alterations. Women during the war were not only shaped by such cultural messages but many subscribed to them wholeheartedly. The films emphasize twospecific images of women -- Susie Homemaker and Rosie the Riveter -- and also reflect society's image of women as homemakers first and war workers second. This double vision,reflected throughout the documentary films became the catalyst which maintained women in traditional roles and, in turn, rejected attempts to alter those roles in any significant way.This study uses the vehicle of World War II documentaryfilms, utilizing the World War II Historical Film Collection, Bracken Library, Ball State University (the largest collection outside the National Archives), the Office of War Information papers, and extensive secondary research, to investigate the images of women during the war years.Department of History
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Garrison, Gary Lee. "FEDERALISM, ANTI-FEDERALISM AND THE ROLE OF THE NINTH AMENDMENT IN CONSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1115304485.
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Wunderlich, Jo (Jo Parks). "Echoes of Eugenics : Roe v Wade." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279248/.
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Traces the inter-related histories of the eugenics movement and birth control, with an emphasis on abortion. Discusses Sarah Weddington's arguments and the Supreme Court's ruling in Roe v Wade. Straws the eugenic influences in the case and asserts that these influences caused the decision to be less than decisive.
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Mocnik, Josip. "United States-Yugoslav Relations, 1961-80: The Twilight of Tito's Era and the Role of Ambassadorial Diplomacy in the Making of America's Yugoslav Policy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206322169.
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Kinuhata, Hitomi. "Hugh Borton : his role in American-Japanese relations /." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0629104-174631/unrestricted/KinuhataH072004f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0629104-174631. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Barrett, Autumn Rain Duke. "Childhood, Colonialism and Nation-Building: The Role of Childhood in the Construction of Race, Class and Gender in Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624386.
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Leib, Joelle. "How to be a Good Neighbor: Christianity's Role in Enacting Non-interventionist Policies in Latin America During the 1930s and 1940s." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1069.
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This thesis attempts to demonstrate how Reverend and Professor Hubert Herring’s dedication to Congregationalism motivated him to advocate for the autonomy of Latin American nations through the pursuit of non-interventionist policies, an approach the U.S. government ultimately adopted when it best suited its interests during World War II.
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Humphreys, Brooks. "The missing founding fathers: the need to teach the role of the antifederalists in the adoption of the bill of rights." Click here for online access in Bluebrary, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10504/5198.
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Legnér, Mattias. "Redevelopment through rehabilitation : The role of historic preservation in revitalizing deindustrialized cities: Lessons from the United States and Sweden." Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-831.
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The rehabilitation of urban environments by giving old buildings new functions is an old practice, but policies meant for encouraging rehabilitation trace their American origins back to the 1960s with the growing criticism of urban renewal plans and the rise of historic preservation values. In the U.S., historic rehabilitation has proven to be a way of revitalizing cities which have faced deindustrialization, disinvestment and shrinking tax revenues. Built heritage is especially vulnerable in these places because of the willingness of city governors to attract investment and development at any costs. This willingness of local authorities to let developers run amock in their cities might prove to be a bad strategy in the long run, even though it can bring capital back into the city fairly quick. In a climate of toughening regional and global competition over tourism and the location of business headquarters, the images and cultures of cities have gained an increasing importance. Careful and well planned redevelopment of the built environment has an crucial role to play in the re-imaging of industrial cities. Not including the new jobs and other direct economic benefits of rehabilitation, historic structures carry a large part of a city’s character and identity, ingredients desperately sought after when cities need to get an edge and show why they are worth visiting or relocating to. This paper has argued that successful rehabilitation not only makes use of the historic built environment, but also that it has the potential of renegotiating and redefining the history of a city (or at least parts of it). In this way rehabilitation can prove to have great public benefits in making new spaces available for public access and civic intercourse. City governors should not just look at quick economic benefits. A city where the urban fabric has been destroyed through profit-oriented and shortsighted development runs the risk of having gone into a dead end. A more prosperous future for the population, not just the developers, might instead be found in democratically planned and financially scaled down solutions in which the built environment is systematically reused. American developers and cities have proven to be successful in making rehabilitation financially successful for the property owner. Considerably less interest have been shown for the public benefits of these projects, often making them into isolated enclaves lacking legitimacy among the public and causing conflicts within the neighborhood. Developers are repeatedly accused of gentrification, displacement and for ignoring the public need for affordable housing. Despite the unclear public benefits these projects are often heavily subsidized on federal, state as well as city level. After having dealt with the growing general importance of cultural policies for cities, U.S. policies on historic rehabilitation are discussed and two large redevelopment projects in Baltimore and Durham presented. After that a Swedish case of inner city redevelopment through rehabilitation is presented, showing a contrast in both national policy and local practice. Swedish redevelopment has not been subsidized in the same generous manner as in many states of the U.S., and it has been more integrated into urban planning. In the Swedish case the city governors were not interested in preserving the built environment, but due to disinvestment new construction did not occur. In the 1970s, there was a consensus between leading politicians and local developers that preservation values would not be allowed to stand in the way of development. Until the early 1980s there was also a lack of local public support for preserving industrial buildings, as in many deindustrialized cities where industry has come to symbolize unemployment and stigmatization. The unique environment of the Industrial Landscape was finally preserved not through the actions of local government, but of architectural historians and curators representing government authority. Development of the historic district needed close monitoring at a national level since the developer had a very strong influence on local politics. In Swedish preservation policies local authorities have the possibility to landmark and protect environments much in the same way as in many U.S. cities with preservation commissions. If an urban plan seems to interfer with preservation goals, however, national authorities have the possibility of intervening in a similar way to that of state preservation offices in the U.S. In the 1990s development within the Industrial Landscape went into a more mature and democratically influenced phase in which goals of public access and attractiveness became increasingly important. The lesson from Sweden shows that redevelopment through rehabilitation can be affordable and that it does not need a whole lot of public subsidy. It also shows that the historical and aesthetic values need to be stressed in order for the development project to win the public support that is needed in a democratically lead community. The political leadership in this city, paralyzed by economic crisis, was heavily influnced by the developer, who was a large property owner in the city. But through monitoring, academic research and participation in public debate by preservation professionals, the table was turned and the preservation of the Industrial Landscape gained more and more support from the city in the 1980s. Instead of giving subsidies to the developer, the government located a national museum of labor to the district at a time in which economic support was badly needed. This showed that successful rehabilitation was possible here and that it would have considerable public benefits. Finally, it is also argued that the historical experiences of the national preservation movements have influenced the way rehabilitation is carried out. In Sweden, historic preservation has largely been a task for national government, whereas in the U.S. it has to a large extent been organized through national and local non-profit organizations buying up properties and lobbying for preservation causes. In this way historic preservation has been more integrated in Swedish urban politics, whereas in the U.S. preservationists have been identified as just one interest among others.
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Blonski, Michel. "Se nettoyer à Rome (IIème s. av. J.-C. – IIème s. apr. J.-C.) : pratiques et enjeux." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040008.
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On étudie ici comment les Romains de la fin de la République et du début de l’Empire envisagent les opérations de nettoyage corporel. En suivant plusieurs questions pratiques (de quoi se nettoie-t-on ? dans quel but ? où le fait-on, avec quels moyens et comment ?) et en se fondant sur des analyses anthropologiques, archéologiques et lexicologiques, on délimite les domaines dans lesquels les Romains rangent les catégories du sale, du soin corporel et de la juste présentation de soi. Le vocabulaire de la saleté, en particulier, permet de circonscrire un ensemble varié de réalités indésirables : il n’y a pas « une » mais « des » saletés – tout est fonction de contextes – et le lexique reflète cette diversité.La justification de la propreté, au contraire, se fonde sur des prescriptions morales remarquables par leur permanence et leur cohérence tout au long de la période. La propreté doit être entendue comme la traduction concrète de la notion plus large de soin ; et réciproquement, la saleté traduit celle de négligence. Par conséquent, être un bon citoyen, et au-delà, un être humain véritable, cela passe par la propreté – avec une insistance telle qu’elle fait de cet état un marqueur de reconnaissance sociale. Plus on est propre et « brillant », plus on se situe en haut des hiérarchies civiques. Ces prescriptions morales aboutissent à l’émergence de cette réalité bien romaine qu’est le balneum : le lieu privilégié de l’entretien de ce modèle civique, au croisement entre univers moraux, cosmétiques et médicaux. Elles sont appuyées par un ensemble de techniques spécifiques accordant une place privilégiée au frottement du corps, à l’aide d’huile ou de détergentsThis thesis investigates how the Romans envision the operations related to body cleansing at the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire. Starting from practical questions – What has to be cleaned? For which purpose? Where does this operation take place? How is it completed? – and leveraging on approaches stemmed from anthropology, archeology and lexicology, we delimitate categories that the Romans link to concepts such as dirtiness, body care or appropriate self-presentation. The terminology of dirtiness, in particular, reveals a manifold set of undesired realities, which nonetheless never appears totally consistent; Depending on the context, there is not one, but several types of dirtiness. On the contrary, the justification of cleanliness is based on a whole range of moral prescriptions which are remarkable by their continuity and their consistency throughout the whole period. It appears that the concept of cleanliness should be understood within the frame of the broader notion of self care. Conversely, dirtiness more generally relates to self negligence. Consequently, being a good citizen, or even living as a genuine human being requires to be clean, to a point where cleanliness becomes a social marker: A clean and “shiny” appearance indicates a higher social status. Hence the growing importance of the balneum as a Roman institution – the place where this model is maintained, across civic, medical and cosmetic representations, through the development of techniques primarily based on body rubbing using oil and detergents
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Stevens, Robert Allen. "Demise of an Antebellum College: A History of Illinois State University." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/33.
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This dissertation investigated the demise of Illinois State University (ISU), a small antebellum Lutheran denominational college that existed from 1852 to 1867 in Springfield, Illinois. The professional higher education historiography has described the phenomenon of antebellum college demise, but a traditionalist theory of causality by unrestrained competition among religious denominations to found colleges, proposed in the early 20th century, was by the end of the century largely debunked by revisionist higher education historians as based on ahistorical concepts and inaccurate data. The study utilized the historical narrative method consisting of document review and content analysis. Using Clark’s (1972) concept of “organizational saga,” the study found that while ISU was in many ways indistinguishable from other denominational colleges in the United States of the era, ISU accumulated unsustainable debt on its edifice and failed despite determined founders. Durnford’s (2002) model of institutional sponsorship revealed that despite growth during the antebellum era, the Lutheran Church was riven by doctrinal, linguistic, national and personal rivalries that undermined its ability to sustain ISU. Five of the seven factors in Latta’s (2008) unique model of antebellum denominational college survival helped identify ISU’s strengths and weaknesses, and revealed that an unresolved crisis in leadership contributed to the school’s demise. This study provided data useful in furthering the development of a comprehensive revisionist narrative to explain antebellum college founding, demise and survival.
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Moens, A. Alexander. "The multiple advocacy strategy and the role of the custodian : the Carter years." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29025.
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The increasing complexity and high stakes of foreign policy decisions, especially of major powers such as the United States, have generated specialized studies of decision making.
One approach, called "multiple advocacy," maps a strategy of role tasks and process norms to guide the decision-makers towards an optimal decision-making process. This process allows the President to make an informed policy choice as a result of having heard a variety of options debated freely and openly among his advisors in his presence. A crucial actor in this process is the National Security Advisor. As process manager or "custodian," he must ensure that the key provisions of the strategy are met while abstaining from personal involvement in the substance of policy advice and execution.
This thesis examines the internal coherence and usefulness of the strategy. The first two years of the Carter administration provide a close approximation of the strategy. Four important policy issues during this period form the empirical basis of this test: the "Deep Cuts" proposals in SALT II, the war in the Horn of Africa, Sino-American Normalization, and the fall of the Shah of Iran. While the basic principles of the strategy are found useful and sound, several of its provisions are challenged. First, in spite of its claim, the strategy does not produce multiple options when the advisors have no wide divergence of opinion. Second, contrary to the strategy's prescriptions, the custodian can improve the process in such situations by joining the policy debate. Third, custodial engagement in activities such as diplomacy and public speaking need not be prohibited too strictly. Last, the demise of the strategy can be more narrowly defined as the result of custodial disregard for a free flow of information and open participation among the advisors.
Though further studies are needed to widen the empirical base, several tentative suggestions are offered to improve the strategy. The president must insist on a reasonable range of opinions when appointing advisors. While the National Security Advisor may join the policy debate to widen the range of options, his policy advice should not become the rule. At all times the President must insist that all policy debates among his advisors be brought to his attention, and that all policy options receive a fair hearing.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Volz, Muriel Brenna. "A cunhagem de uma moeda inédita e singular : o processo de criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional /." Franca : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93193.
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Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa reside na análise dos motivos que explicam a criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional ter ocorrido apenas na década de 1990, precisamente em 1998, sendo que desde o início do século XX já existiam propostas para instauração de uma organização internacional semelhante a essa. Para tanto, são analisados, inicialmente, as origens do processo de internacionalização dos direitos humanos e os antecedentes, tanto institucionais quanto sob a perspectiva dos princípios jurídicos, do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Considerando que as Nações Unidas só voltaram a deliberar sobre este projeto após o término da Guerra Fria, são investigados, também, de que maneira o encerramento desse peculiar conflito, bem como as suas repercussões no âmbito das relações internacionais, influenciaram na retomada e no desenvolvimento das negociações sobre a proposta do Tribunal. Esclarecidos esses motivos, procede-se a uma análise sobre as três fases que compuseram o processo político para a elaboração do Estatuto do Tribunal e culminaram na instauração dessa corte internacional: a inicial, no âmbito da Comissão de Direito Internacional; a intermediária, coordenada pelo Comitê Preparatório, e a final, ocorrida na Conferência de Roma. Encerra-se esta pesquisa discutindo-se os aspectos mais atuais acerca do Tribunal Penal Internacional e os limites da sua criaçãoAbstract: This research intends to explain the reasons why the International Criminal Court establishment took place just in the nineties, precisely in 1998, but since the begin of the twentieth century there were already proposals for the creation of a international organization like this. In order to accomplish this objective, are analyzed, initially, the origins of the human rights internalization process, and the background, both institutional and from the perspective of legal principals, to the International Criminal Court. Considering that the United Nations just come back to deliberate about this project after the end of the Cold War, are investigated, furthermore, how the end of this particular conflict, including its consequences in the international relations, influenced the resume and the development of the negotiations about the Court proposal. Clarified these reasons, the research is developed with the analysis of the three phases that made up the political process for the elaboration of the Court Statute, and that culminated in the establishment of the International Criminal Court: the first within the International Law Commission, the intermediate, coordinated by the Preparatory Committee, and the final, held at the Rome Conference. This research is concluded by discussing the most current aspects regarding the International Criminal Court and the limits of its creation
Orientador: Samuel Alves Soares
Coorientador: Héctor Luis Saint-Pierre
Banca: Paulo César de Sousa Manduca
Banca: Suzeley Kalil Mathias
Mestre
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Snead, David L. "United States national security policy under presidents Truman and Eisenhower : the evolving role of the National Security Council /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020152/.
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Huetter, Robert A. "A History of Fort Duchesne, Utah, and the Role of its First Commanding Officer, Frederick W. Benteen." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1990. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,14001.
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Haag, Christian. "Gnistan i Dabiq : - En studie om Islamiska Statens användning av islams religiösa traditioner för att legitimera, rättfärdiga och etablera Kalifatet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36278.
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This study is about the so called Islamic States’ use of Islamic religious traditions in their propaganda magazine Dabiq. The purpose of the study is to find out how ISIS use history as a blueprint to perceive and interpret current events and occurrences. The theories of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, Capital, and sociopsychologist Hjalmar Sundén’s Role theory is used to analyze how the different religious traditions and stories are used by ISIS and what these represent in the Muslim’s religious frame of perception. The results of this study show that the religious traditions are being used in order to legitimize, justify and establish their so-called Caliphate according to the stories of old. The results also show that not only religious matters are used to emphasize their claim in the Middle East but profane examples as well.
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Scratcherd, George. "Ecclesiastical politics and the role of women in African-American Christianity, 1860-1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:120f3d76-27e5-4adf-ba8b-6feaaff1e5a7.
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This thesis seeks to offer new perspectives on the role of women in African-American Christian denominations in the United States in the period between the Civil War and the turn of the twentieth century. It situates the changes in the roles available to black women in their churches in the context of ecclesiastical politics. By offering explanations of the growth of black denominations in the South after the Civil War and the political alignments in the leadership of the churches, it seeks to offer more powerful explanations of differences in the treatment of women in distict denominations. It explores the distinct worship practices of African-American Christianity and reflects on their relationship to denominational structure and character, and gender issues. Education was central to the participation of women in African-American Christianity in the late nineteenth century, so the thesis discusses the growth of black colleges under the auspices of the black churches. Finally it also explores the complex relationship between domestic ideology, the politics of respectability, and female participation in the black churches.
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Volz, Muriel Brenna [UNESP]. "A cunhagem de uma moeda inédita e singular: o processo de criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93193.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa reside na análise dos motivos que explicam a criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional ter ocorrido apenas na década de 1990, precisamente em 1998, sendo que desde o início do século XX já existiam propostas para instauração de uma organização internacional semelhante a essa. Para tanto, são analisados, inicialmente, as origens do processo de internacionalização dos direitos humanos e os antecedentes, tanto institucionais quanto sob a perspectiva dos princípios jurídicos, do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Considerando que as Nações Unidas só voltaram a deliberar sobre este projeto após o término da Guerra Fria, são investigados, também, de que maneira o encerramento desse peculiar conflito, bem como as suas repercussões no âmbito das relações internacionais, influenciaram na retomada e no desenvolvimento das negociações sobre a proposta do Tribunal. Esclarecidos esses motivos, procede-se a uma análise sobre as três fases que compuseram o processo político para a elaboração do Estatuto do Tribunal e culminaram na instauração dessa corte internacional: a inicial, no âmbito da Comissão de Direito Internacional; a intermediária, coordenada pelo Comitê Preparatório, e a final, ocorrida na Conferência de Roma. Encerra-se esta pesquisa discutindo-se os aspectos mais atuais acerca do Tribunal Penal Internacional e os limites da sua criação
This research intends to explain the reasons why the International Criminal Court establishment took place just in the nineties, precisely in 1998, but since the begin of the twentieth century there were already proposals for the creation of a international organization like this. In order to accomplish this objective, are analyzed, initially, the origins of the human rights internalization process, and the background, both institutional and from the perspective of legal principals, to the International Criminal Court. Considering that the United Nations just come back to deliberate about this project after the end of the Cold War, are investigated, furthermore, how the end of this particular conflict, including its consequences in the international relations, influenced the resume and the development of the negotiations about the Court proposal. Clarified these reasons, the research is developed with the analysis of the three phases that made up the political process for the elaboration of the Court Statute, and that culminated in the establishment of the International Criminal Court: the first within the International Law Commission, the intermediate, coordinated by the Preparatory Committee, and the final, held at the Rome Conference. This research is concluded by discussing the most current aspects regarding the International Criminal Court and the limits of its creation
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Schnoor, Andrea. "Redefining masculinity : the image of civilian men in American home front documentaries, 1942-1945." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1133730.
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Redefining Masculinity presents an analysis of the American government's portrayal of civilian men in World War II documentary films. The majority of the films, which serve as a primary source for this study, were created by the Office of War Information (OWI) as a means of stimulating home front support for the war. The government's portrayal of civilian men advocated a significant modification of gender roles. According to the OWI, men understood the politics of war, were aware of the national context of sacrifices, and were able to carry the government's message into American households and defense plants. As a result of their war consciousness, civilian men in government documentary films partially claimed the traditional domestic realm of women and redefined American gender roles as interactive and overlapping. The intersecting gender spheres in OWI films exemplify that men experienced manhood not in isolation from women. This propagandized image of civilian men during the Second World War supports the claims of scholars who criticize the ideology of "separate spheres" to describe socially constructed domains of the male and female gender. In contrast, the thesis findings show that the social, political, and economic definitions of male and female roles can be altered, extended, or adjusted when economically, politically, and culturally expedient.Department of History
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Brannan, David. "Violence, terrorism and the role of theology : repentant and rebellious Christian identity." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/342.
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Free, Jennifer Lynelle. "Inherently Undesirable: American Identity and the Role of Negative Eugenics in the Education of Visually Impaired and Blind Students in Ohio, 1870-1930." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353009941.
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Brooks, Cassandra M. "Cultural Exchange: the Role of Stanislavsky and the Moscow Art Theatre’s 1923 and 1924 American Tours." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699929/.
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The following is a historical analysis on the Moscow Art Theatre’s (MAT) tours to the United States in 1923 and 1924, and the developments and changes that occurred in Russian and American theatre cultures as a result of those visits. Konstantin Stanislavsky, the MAT’s co-founder and director, developed the System as a new tool used to help train actors—it provided techniques employed to develop their craft and get into character. This would drastically change modern acting in Russia, the United States and throughout the world. The MAT’s first (January 2, 1923 – June 7, 1923) and second (November 23, 1923 – May 24, 1924) tours provided a vehicle for the transmission of the System. In addition, the tour itself impacted the culture of the countries involved. Thus far, the implications of the 1923 and 1924 tours have been ignored by the historians, and have mostly been briefly discussed by the theatre professionals. This thesis fills the gap in historical knowledge.