Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stato e chiesa'

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1

Vrabie, Elena Laura <1993&gt. "AIUTI DI STATO E CHIESA CATTOLICA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19142.

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Il problema che si andrà ad affrontare riguarda le caratteristiche della soggettività tributaria degli enti ecclesiastici, le agevolazioni di cui beneficiano gli enti ecclesiastici (dall'ICI all'IMU) ed il parere della Commissione Europea sull'ICI non versata dalla Chiesa. Si ripercorreranno le tappe fondamentali (in ambito tributario) che hanno portato all'introduzione dell'ICI (e poi dell'IMU), valutando se tali agevolazioni fiscali costituiscano per l'Europa dei veri e propri aiuti di Stato o meno.
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2

Viallet, Jean-Pierre. "La Chiesa valdese di fronte allo stato fascista, [1922-1945] /." Torino : Claudiana, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37644976w.

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Texte remanié de: Th. 3e cycle--Grenoble--Université. Titre de soutenance : Les vaudois d'Italie de Giolitti à Mussolini, 1911-1945.
Les dates contenues dans le titre figurent sur la couverture. Notes bibliogr. Index.
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3

Alviti, Claudio <1979&gt. "Le relazioni tra Stato e Chiesa dall'unità d'Italia ai Patti Lateranensi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9854.

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La conquista dei territori dello Stato della Chiesa da parte del governo piemontese inasprì le tensioni con la Santa Sede. Il pontefice si dimostrò irremovibile nel respingere il nuovo stato di fatto e fu altrettanto inconciliabile sull’ipotesi di consegnare Roma allo Stato italiano, rinunciando così al potere temporale. Il timore di internazionalizzare una questione che il governo piemontese desiderava risolvere senza valersi del diritto internazionale, suggerì all’Italia un atteggiamento circospetto. Tuttavia, constatata l’ostinata intransigenza di Pio IX, contrario a qualsiasi accordo che prevedesse l’implicito riconoscimento del nuovo stato delle cose, l’Italia accelerò i tempi per risolvere il problema romano. Il governo italiano, esperito un ultimo infruttuoso tentativo diplomatico, ruppe gli indugi e conquistò Roma con la forza delle armi. Pio IX rifiutò sdegnato qualsiasi compromesso respingendo anche l’apparentemente favorevole legge delle guarentigie, rinchiudendosi nei palazzi apostolici e dichiarandosi prigioniero dell’Italia. Il contrasto, ben lungi dal limitarsi ai confini nazionali, ebbe non poche conseguenze a livello internazionale. Da parte dello Stato, il periodo legislativo favorevole alla Chiesa terminò molto presto. La legislazione ecclesiastica, al contrario, ricalcò quella degli Stati italiani preunitari, in virtù di una plurisecolare tradizione giurisdizionalista. Da parte della Chiesa, la strategia vaticana fu largamente incentrata sull’astensionismo. Nata in base a valutazioni di convenienza e opportunità politica, la strategia del non expedit non fu uniforme del corso dei decenni, trasformandosi e adattandosi di volta in volta a seconda delle circostanze. Questa condotta, però, provocò confusione nel mondo cattolico. Priva di una chiara e ben delineata linea politica, la strategia vaticana si risolse in un sostanziale fallimento. Al contempo, qualsiasi tentativo di partecipare alla vita diplomatica internazionale venne puntualmente contrastato dall’Italia, timorosa che un’opportunità del genere avrebbe offerto al Vaticano la possibilità di internazionalizzare la vicenda romana. Di conseguenza, i rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa non registrano alcun reale progresso fino allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale. Nel pieno del conflitto bellico il nuovo pontefice si dimostrò propenso ad un importante cambio di strategia. Dopo aver tentato senza successo di rilanciare l’azione della Santa Sede proponendosi come mediatore tra i paesi in guerra, Benedetto XV autorizzò le gerarchie ecclesiastiche ad avviare contatti diretti con il governo italiano. Terminato il conflitto, una bozza di accordo presentata dal Vaticano e accettata dal governo italiano venne respinta dal re. Successivamente, i turbolenti anni che investirono la politica e la società italiana portarono ad uno stallo delle trattative. In ogni caso, la nuova linea tracciata dalla Santa Sede era ormai avviata. Accantonata la strategia dell’astensionismo, il nuovo corso portò alla creazione di un partito cattolico che alle tornate elettorali del 1919 raccolse un grande successo. Nel frattempo, l’ascesa del fascismo portò a profondi mutamenti nei rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa. Spinto da precisi calcoli politici, Mussolini si dimostrò disponibile ad accogliere molte delle richieste della Chiesa, se ciò avesse permesso di arrivare ad uno storico accordo che avrebbe chiuso il pluridecennale dissidio. Dopo diversi anni di negoziazioni, non prive di momenti di grande tensione, l’accordo venne raggiunto con la firma dei Patti del Laterano. Lungi dal rappresentare un definitivo punto di arrivo nel secolare rapporto tra Stato e Chiesa, gli Accordi Lateranensi ebbero l’innegabile pregio di regolarizzare la posizione della Chiesa in Italia e di portare un indubbio beneficio nella coscienza di milioni di cattolici, liberi di poter finalmente manifestare l’amor di patria senza dover rinnegare la propria fede.
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4

Carnevale, Diego. "Morte e sepolture a Napoli : tra Stato, Chiesa e mercato (XVIII-XIX secolo)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10008.

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La thèse porte sur deux objectives : 1) décrire le parcours politique et institutionnel qui a conduit dans le Royaume de Naples à la soustraction de la matière funéraire à l’exclusif contrôle ecclésiastique; 2) évaluer l’impact sociale de ce procès par l’examen des transformations dans l’organisation des services funèbres. La période sur laquelle a été conduite la recherche corresponde aux premières années de la domination autrichienne (1707) jusqu’aux années 1850, en correspondance de la consolidation de l’invention typologique du cimetière publique. Pour ce qui concerne les résultats obtenus, l’enquête montre soit la conformité du cas napolitain au modèle plus général de l’Europe continentale soit la consistance très importante du marché funéraire comme source des revenues pour les paroisses urbaines dans une mégalopole méditerranéenne d’ancien régime
The thesis aims to two objectives: 1) Illustrating the political and institutional process that leaded in the Kingdom of Naples to remove the exclusive ecclesiastical control of the funerals and burials system 2) Evaluating the social impact of this process through the analysis of transformations in the organization of funeral services. The investigated period correspond to the first years of the Austrian domination (1707) until the years 50s of 19th century, when the invention of the public cemetery typology was achieved. With regard to the results obtained, the research shows both the conformity of Neapolitan case to the European burial reform and the importance of the funeral market as source of revenues for the urban parishes in a Mediterranean megalopolis during the Ancien Régime
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5

ACQUAVIVA, ANNA. "Gli Edifici e i luoghi del culto tra Stato, Chiesa cattolica e confessioni di minoranza." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1111.

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La tesi riguarda complessivamente il trattamento giuridico degli spazi dedicati al culto delle confessioni religiose, tutti meritevoli di essere favoriti come luoghi di libertà, nonostante il diritto civile si occupi solo di "edifici destinati all’esercizio pubblico del culto cattolico", e delle relative pertinenze. La parte iniziale, oltre a citare le innumerevoli definizioni di dottrina e di giurisprudenza per l’individuazione di tali spazi, ripercorre la genesi storica e normativa dell’istituto. Se per la Chiesa cattolica vi sono da sempre "edifici" ben identificati, per altri gruppi religiosi, considerata la variegata pratica cultuale espletata, risulta più appropriato riferirsi ad onnicomprensivi “luoghi per il culto”: il loro trattamento giuridico è divenuto sempre più egalitario rispetto agli “edifici” cattolici, soprattutto grazie ai molteplici interventi della Corte costituzionale, che ha giudicato incostituzionali le leggi regionali sul finanziamento dell’edilizia di culto, richiedenti un’”intesa” (art. 8 della Cost.) alle confessioni destinatarie del contributo. Vi è inoltre uno studio dei “luoghi sacri” per il diritto canonico, e della loro destinazione al culto, menzionata dall’art. 831 cod. civ., con riferimenti alla proprietà e alla loro natura giuridica. Va poi considerato il problema della pianificazione urbanistica, in quanto gli attuali piani di organizzazione del territorio, non si adeguano totalmente alle nuove esigenze religiose. L’ultima parte è dedicata alle “pertinenze” di culto, che sono legate funzionalmente all’edificio principale e soggette al medesimo regime normativo. Nelle conclusioni si evidenzia la necessità di una “Legge generale sulla libertà religiosa”, in quanto la disponibilità di edifici di culto, come un aspetto della libertà individuale di religione, nella sua dimensione collettiva di esercizio associato del culto, va garantita non da singole e sporadiche intese, bensì da una legge applicabile a tutte le confessioni.
The argument concerns the legal treatment of the space devoted to the worship of religious denominations, all deserve to be favored as places of freedom, despite the civil law only deal with to public buildings for Catholic worship, and related appliances. The initial part, in addition to citing the many definitions of doctrine and jurisprudence for the detection of these spaces, traces the genesis and history of the legislation. If the Catholic Church there have always been "Buildings" clearly marked, for other religious groups, given the varied practice of worship performed, it is more appropriate to refer to inclusive "places for worship": their legal treatment has become more and more egalitarian than the "buildings" Catholics, largely due to multiple interventions by the Constitutional Court, which has held unconstitutional laws on the financing of regional worship, applicants' "Intese" (Article 8 of the Constitution) the confessions of the target contribution. There is also a study of "sacred places" to the canon law, and their devotion to the destination mentioned by. 831 cod. civ., with references to the property and their legal nature. It should also be considered the problem of urban planning, as the current plans of organization of territory, not completely adapt to the new demands of religion. The last part is devoted to "appliances" of worship, which are functionally linked to the main building and subject to the same regulatory regime. The findings highlighted the need for a "General Law on Religious Freedom", as the availability of places of worship, as an aspect of individual freedom of religion, in its collective pursuit of the cult involved, it should be guaranteed not by individual and sporadic “Intese”, but by a law applicable to all denominations.
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6

Zordan, Cristiana <1992&gt. "I rapporti tra Chiesa e Stato in Russia dal crollo dell'Unione Sovietica ai giorni nostri." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11481.

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Il mio lavoro tratta le relazioni tra lo Stato e la Chiesa ortodossa in Russia. Nel primo capitolo particolare attenzione è stata prestata alla situazione religiosa nel Paese in seguito all'approvazione della normativa del 1997, che ha introdotto notevoli restrizioni alla libertà di culto rispetto alla precedente legislazione del 1990. Nel secondo capitolo, invece, viene illustrato il rafforzamento dell'alleanza tra trono ed altare con l'avvento del patriarca Kirill e del presidente Putin.
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7

BURELLI, MADDALENA. "LA PRIMA DELEGAZIONE APOSTOLICA IN MESSICO. SVILUPPI E PROBLEMATICHE DEL RAPPORTO TRA STATO E CHIESA (1851-1861)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58044.

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La presente ricerca si propone di ricostruire e di spiegare le ragioni che portarono alla prima rappresentanza pontificia in Messico, le difficoltà incontrate, gli apporti della delegazione apostolica e il suo esito, ma non solo. Lo studio condotto sulla delegazione di Clementi rappresenta anche l’occasione, attraverso il caso messicano, per riflettere e contribuire a fare maggiore chiarezza sui rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa e individuare le ragioni del perché l’equilibrio tra il trono e l’altare venne meno, aprendo così la strada all'avvento delle società secolarizzate in cui oggi viviamo. La delegazione apostolica rappresenta il punto di incontro, il perno che permette di osservare e di far luce sulle dinamiche, le posizioni e i punti di vista di quelli che furono i tre principali attori: la Santa Sede, il governo e il clero messicano. Attraverso lo studio condotto sulla missione di Clementi è possibile meglio comprendere come questi tre soggetti si relazionarono tra di loro e quali furono i problemi delle loro interazioni. Seguendo lo sviluppo e soprattutto i problemi incontrati dalla delegazione apostolica, ci si soffermerà sugli obiettivi della Santa Sede, sulle esigenze e gli interessi che mossero la politica dei governi messicani e su come si collocò, rispetto alla volontà della prima e dei secondi, il clero messicano.
The present research aims to reconstruct and explain the reasons that led to the first papal representation in Mexico, the difficulties encountered, the contributions of the apostolic delegation and its outcome, but not only. The study carried out on the Clementi delegation also represents the occasion, through the Mexican case, to reflect and contribute to clearly explain the relations between State and Church and to identify the reasons why the balance between the throne and the altar lessened, thus paving the way for the advent of the secularized societies in which we live today. The apostolic delegation represents the meeting point, the pivot that allows observing and shedding light on the dynamics, positions and points of view of those who were the three main actors: the Holy See, the Mexican government and the Mexican clergy. Through the study conducted on Clementi's mission it is possible to better understand how these three subjects relate to each other and what were the problems of their interactions. Following the development and above all the problems encountered by the apostolic delegation, we will focus on the objectives of the Holy See, on the needs and interests that moved the policy of the Mexican governments and on how, with respect to the will of the first and second, the Mexican clergy.
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8

BURELLI, MADDALENA. "LA PRIMA DELEGAZIONE APOSTOLICA IN MESSICO. SVILUPPI E PROBLEMATICHE DEL RAPPORTO TRA STATO E CHIESA (1851-1861)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58044.

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La presente ricerca si propone di ricostruire e di spiegare le ragioni che portarono alla prima rappresentanza pontificia in Messico, le difficoltà incontrate, gli apporti della delegazione apostolica e il suo esito, ma non solo. Lo studio condotto sulla delegazione di Clementi rappresenta anche l’occasione, attraverso il caso messicano, per riflettere e contribuire a fare maggiore chiarezza sui rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa e individuare le ragioni del perché l’equilibrio tra il trono e l’altare venne meno, aprendo così la strada all'avvento delle società secolarizzate in cui oggi viviamo. La delegazione apostolica rappresenta il punto di incontro, il perno che permette di osservare e di far luce sulle dinamiche, le posizioni e i punti di vista di quelli che furono i tre principali attori: la Santa Sede, il governo e il clero messicano. Attraverso lo studio condotto sulla missione di Clementi è possibile meglio comprendere come questi tre soggetti si relazionarono tra di loro e quali furono i problemi delle loro interazioni. Seguendo lo sviluppo e soprattutto i problemi incontrati dalla delegazione apostolica, ci si soffermerà sugli obiettivi della Santa Sede, sulle esigenze e gli interessi che mossero la politica dei governi messicani e su come si collocò, rispetto alla volontà della prima e dei secondi, il clero messicano.
The present research aims to reconstruct and explain the reasons that led to the first papal representation in Mexico, the difficulties encountered, the contributions of the apostolic delegation and its outcome, but not only. The study carried out on the Clementi delegation also represents the occasion, through the Mexican case, to reflect and contribute to clearly explain the relations between State and Church and to identify the reasons why the balance between the throne and the altar lessened, thus paving the way for the advent of the secularized societies in which we live today. The apostolic delegation represents the meeting point, the pivot that allows observing and shedding light on the dynamics, positions and points of view of those who were the three main actors: the Holy See, the Mexican government and the Mexican clergy. Through the study conducted on Clementi's mission it is possible to better understand how these three subjects relate to each other and what were the problems of their interactions. Following the development and above all the problems encountered by the apostolic delegation, we will focus on the objectives of the Holy See, on the needs and interests that moved the policy of the Mexican governments and on how, with respect to the will of the first and second, the Mexican clergy.
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9

Biasca, Corrado. "Gli Anni del pronunciamento : situazione politica, rapporto Stato-Chiesa, vicende internazionali nel Ticino tra il 1852 e il 1855 /." Giubiasco : Studio 3 SA, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354579348.

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10

ROVATI, ALESSANDRO. "Liberalismo, Neutralità dello Stato e la Politica della Chiesa. Filosofia Morale e Teologia Politica nel lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6156.

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Questa tesi si occupa di analizzare il lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas, uno studioso di grande fama nel mondo accademico americano i cui testi sono molto letti in tutto il mondo. Tramite la lettura critica dell’intero corpus degli scritti di Hauerwas la tesi intende riflettere sul rapporto problematico tra Cristianesimo e liberalismo. A questo scopo, la tesi si concentra inizialmente sui presupposti filosofici che sono alla base delle argomentazioni di Hauerwas. In secondo luogo, riflette sulle idee ed istituzioni tipiche del liberalismo e sul loro rapporto con il Cristianesimo. Infine, descrive la proposta etica di Hauerwas e il modo con cui questa determina il tipo di politica che la chiesa e i cristiani dovrebbero avere. Seguendo l’ampiezza del lavoro di Hauerwas, la tesi si interessa di un gran numero di filosofi, teorici della politica e teologi, spaziando dagli scritti di Aristotele e Tommaso d’Aquino, alla filosofia del linguaggio di McCabe, Murdoch, e Wittgenstein, dalle riflessioni etiche di Kovesi, Anscombe, e MacIntyre, alle teorie politiche di Rawls, Stout e Coles. Grazie alla sottolineatura del ruolo delle virtù e della formazione morale, insieme all’enfasi posta sull’importanza che la tradizione della chiesa, le sue pratiche e il suo linguaggio hanno nel dare forma all’immaginazione e alle vite dei cristiani, Hauerwas descrive in maniera costruttiva e feconda una proposta politica genuinamente cristiana e ci aiuta a navigare le complessità del mondo contemporaneo.
The dissertation provides an in-depth analysis of the scholarship of Stanley Hauerwas, a very prominent figure in the American academy whose body of work is widely read in many countries. By providing a close reading of Hauerwas’ entire corpus, the dissertation aims at discussing the contested relationship between Christianity and liberalism. It does so first, by focusing on the philosophical presuppositions that shape Hauerwas’ overall argument. Second, it reflects on the main liberal commitments and institutions and their relationship with Christianity. Third, it describes Hauerwas’ ethical proposal and its bearings on the political commitments that the church and Christians ought to have. Following the breadth of Hauerwas’ work, the dissertation deals with a great number of philosophers, political theorists, and theologians, spanning from the writings of Aristotle and Aquinas, to the philosophy of language of McCabe, Murdoch, and Wittgenstein, to the ethical reflections of Kovesi, Anscombe and MacIntyre, and to the political theory of Rawls, Stout, and Coles. Through his stress on the role of virtues and moral formation, and by emphasizing the importance that the church’s tradition, language, and practices have in shaping the imagination and lives of Christians, Hauerwas gives a constructive and fruitful description of what a genuine Christian politics looks like and helps us navigate the complex world of today.
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ROVATI, ALESSANDRO. "Liberalismo, Neutralità dello Stato e la Politica della Chiesa. Filosofia Morale e Teologia Politica nel lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6156.

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Questa tesi si occupa di analizzare il lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas, uno studioso di grande fama nel mondo accademico americano i cui testi sono molto letti in tutto il mondo. Tramite la lettura critica dell’intero corpus degli scritti di Hauerwas la tesi intende riflettere sul rapporto problematico tra Cristianesimo e liberalismo. A questo scopo, la tesi si concentra inizialmente sui presupposti filosofici che sono alla base delle argomentazioni di Hauerwas. In secondo luogo, riflette sulle idee ed istituzioni tipiche del liberalismo e sul loro rapporto con il Cristianesimo. Infine, descrive la proposta etica di Hauerwas e il modo con cui questa determina il tipo di politica che la chiesa e i cristiani dovrebbero avere. Seguendo l’ampiezza del lavoro di Hauerwas, la tesi si interessa di un gran numero di filosofi, teorici della politica e teologi, spaziando dagli scritti di Aristotele e Tommaso d’Aquino, alla filosofia del linguaggio di McCabe, Murdoch, e Wittgenstein, dalle riflessioni etiche di Kovesi, Anscombe, e MacIntyre, alle teorie politiche di Rawls, Stout e Coles. Grazie alla sottolineatura del ruolo delle virtù e della formazione morale, insieme all’enfasi posta sull’importanza che la tradizione della chiesa, le sue pratiche e il suo linguaggio hanno nel dare forma all’immaginazione e alle vite dei cristiani, Hauerwas descrive in maniera costruttiva e feconda una proposta politica genuinamente cristiana e ci aiuta a navigare le complessità del mondo contemporaneo.
The dissertation provides an in-depth analysis of the scholarship of Stanley Hauerwas, a very prominent figure in the American academy whose body of work is widely read in many countries. By providing a close reading of Hauerwas’ entire corpus, the dissertation aims at discussing the contested relationship between Christianity and liberalism. It does so first, by focusing on the philosophical presuppositions that shape Hauerwas’ overall argument. Second, it reflects on the main liberal commitments and institutions and their relationship with Christianity. Third, it describes Hauerwas’ ethical proposal and its bearings on the political commitments that the church and Christians ought to have. Following the breadth of Hauerwas’ work, the dissertation deals with a great number of philosophers, political theorists, and theologians, spanning from the writings of Aristotle and Aquinas, to the philosophy of language of McCabe, Murdoch, and Wittgenstein, to the ethical reflections of Kovesi, Anscombe and MacIntyre, and to the political theory of Rawls, Stout, and Coles. Through his stress on the role of virtues and moral formation, and by emphasizing the importance that the church’s tradition, language, and practices have in shaping the imagination and lives of Christians, Hauerwas gives a constructive and fruitful description of what a genuine Christian politics looks like and helps us navigate the complex world of today.
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TOSCANO, VINCENZO. "LO STATO DELLA CHIESA TRA DIRITTO INTERNO E INTERNAZIONALE NELLA PRIMA METÀ DELL'OTTOCENTO. LA FIGURA E IL PENSIERO POLITICO DI PELLEGRINO ROSSI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/926213.

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La prima parte dell’Ottocento ha rappresentato un momento cruciale per il contesto europeo, costretto in un primo momento a fare i conti con le ultime conseguenze della grande ventata rivoluzionaria, e poi – direttamente – con il figlio più spregiudicato di quest’ultima; quel petit diable arrivato dalla Corsica e divenuto imperatore. Anni in cui lo Stato della Chiesa vive alcuni dei momenti più delicati della sua esistenza (basti pensare all’annessione diretta all’impero francese o alla deportazione di Pio VII), senza avere la forza materiale per opporsi a tali vicissitudini. Il lavoro compiuto dai rappresentanti europei a Vienna, durante l’omonimo Congresso, tenta di attuare un “forzato” e precario ritorno al passato, che si rivelerà incapace di resistere allo spirito dei nuovi tempi. Lo Stato pontificio – questa la nuova denominazione adottata dopo la grande adunanza del 1814-1815 (quasi a voler eliminare quell’aura di sacralità destinata a diventare sempre più scomoda nei decenni successivi) – si trova dinanzi all’impellente bisogno di riorganizzare il proprio apparato istituzionale, consapevole di non poter cancellare definitivamente la parentesi degli anni appena trascorsi. In un secolo che vedrà la definitiva scomparsa del dominio temporale dei papi, quanto appena detto è soltanto una delle sfide con cui lo Stato dell’Italia centrale è chiamato a confrontarsi. Tali eventi infatti, si susseguono in uno scenario internazionale in continua evoluzione, dove anche le grandi potenze sono spesso chiamate a confrontarsi con eventi inattesi, ma sempre attente alle dinamiche dell’equilibrio e al bilanciamento degli interessi in gioco. Per una realtà che non è semplicemente un’entità statale, ma anche centro dell’orbe cattolico e sede del successore di Pietro, accettare di stravolgere la propria “natura” non è affatto semplice. Consentire l’accesso dei laici ai vertici della burocrazia, istituire organismi “realmente” rappresentativi, o pensare di promulgare una Carta fondamentale, continua ad essere per anni un ricorrente miraggio. Anche se da più fronti riecheggia la necessità di portare un ammodernamento all’amministrazione interna dello Stato, sul versante amministrativo, economico, e soprattutto giudiziario, sembra trionfare – quasi sempre – la linea dell’intransigenza e dell’immobilità. A volte si interviene, è vero, ma più per compiacenza che per reale convinzione, dovendo tener conto di pressioni interne ed esterne. Spinte talvolta provenienti dal malcontento sempre più diffuso, talvolta dall'ingerenza dei grandi Stati europei. Il presente lavoro di ricerca, si è posto dunque l’obiettivo di analizzare le principali vicende (specialmente giuridiche) – interne ed esterne – che hanno coinvolto lo Stato della Chiesa nella prima metà dell’Ottocento. Un percorso sviluppato lungo molteplici direttrici, partito dallo sfondo dei grandi eventi storici di questi anni, e intrecciatosi con le vicende di alcuni grandi protagonisti: pontefici, segretari di Stato, capi di governo, monarchi. Uno sguardo gettato non solo sul fronte interno, ma anche su quello internazionale. Capire come Roma provi a gestire le proprie relazioni estere in un contesto sovranazionale che in questi decenni vede sorgere nuovi Stati (si prenda l’esempio rappresentato dal Belgio), assiste a mutamenti rilevanti (si pensi alla Francia del 1830, con l’inizio della monarchia orleanista, o all’indipendenza raggiunta dai Paesi del sud America), o a forti dispute dinastiche (come avviene nella Penisola iberica), è importante per capire come essa debba confrontarsi anche con governi che, a seconda dei casi, assumono caratteri marcatamente conservatori o con forti tendenze liberali. E per quanto sia naturale l’inclinazione, o se vogliamo la “vicinanza” della Curia romana verso posizioni reazionarie, ciò non significa che i rapporti con potenze come Russia o Austria, rimangono sempre idilliaci. Tuttavia, quella appena descritta, non è stata l’unica linea seguita nello sviluppo della presente ricerca. Quasi a voler procedere su due binari paralleli, ci si è soffermati anche sulla figura e sul pensiero politico di uno dei giuristi più rilevanti della prima metà del secolo: Pellegrino Rossi. Giurista certo, anche se tale espressione non basta per racchiudere la grandezza di un “figlio italiano”, nato e vissuto quando l’Italia unita ancora non esisteva. Molto è stato già detto, o meglio scritto, su questo poliedrico personaggio, e sulla sua vita spesa tra l’Italia, la Svizzera, la Francia e poi nuovamente nella Penisola, impegnato presso la corte romana come rappresentante francese, e poi come ministro di sua santità. Eppure, proprio tali aspetti sono stati utili per lo svolgimento del presente lavoro, guardando a sfumature meno indagate, ma di assoluto rilievo. Tali sono stati ad esempio i momenti più rilevanti trascorsi dal Rossi in terra elvetica (in quanto membro del Consiglio rappresentativo di Ginevra e inviato alla Dieta di Lucerna del 1832), o i maggiori interventi tenuti presso la camera dei Pari a Parigi, tra il 1840 e il 1844. Lo stesso dicasi per le delicate vicende che coinvolsero il giurista durante il suo incarico presso la corte papale, o la particolare congiuntura storica in cui assunse l’incarico di ministro dell’interno di Pio IX. Proprio qui, prima nei panni di ambasciatore, e poi come perno del nuovo governo nato nel settembre 1848, il poliedrico italiano avrebbe cercato di scuotere lo Stato romano dal suo torpore, per trainarlo verso un assetto più moderno e realmente costituzionale.
The first part of the nineteenth century was a crucial moment for the European context, which was first forced to reckon with the last consequences of the great revolutionary wave, and then - directly - with France's most unscrupulous son; that petit diable arrived from Corsica and become emperor. In these years the Papal States experienced some of the most delicate moments of their existence (suffice it to think of the direct annexation to the French Empire or the deportation of Pius VII), without having the material strength to oppose such vicissitudes. The work carried out by the European representatives in Vienna, during the famous Congress, attempts to implement a “forced” and precarious return to the past, which will prove to be incapable of withstanding the spirit of the new times. The Papal State - this was the new denomination adopted after the great meeting of 1814-1815 (as if to eliminate the aura of sacredness destined to become increasingly uncomfortable in the following decades) - was faced with the urgent need to reorganise its institutional apparatus, aware that it could not definitively cancel the parenthesis of the years that had just passed. In a century that will see the disappearance of the temporal dominion of the popes, it was only one of the challenges with which the State of central Italy was called to confront. In fact, these events took place in a constantly evolving international scenario, where even the great powers were often called upon to deal with unexpected events, but were always attentive to the dynamics of balance and the balancing of interests at stake. For a reality that is not only a state entity, but also the centre of the Catholic world and the seat of the successor of Peter, accepting to change its “nature” is not easy. Allowing lay people access to the upper echelons of the bureaucracy, setting up “truly” representative bodies, or thinking of promulgating a fundamental charter, has been a recurring mirage for years. Although the need to modernise the internal administration of the State is echoed on many fronts, on the administrative, economic and, above all, judicial fronts, the line of intransigence and immobility seems to triumph almost always. It is true that action is sometimes taken, but more out of complacency than real conviction, having to take account of internal and external pressures. Pressure that sometimes comes from increasingly widespread discontent, sometimes from the interference of the large European states. The aim of this research work was therefore to analyse the main (especially legal) events - internal and external - that involved the Church State in the first half of the nineteenth century. A path developed along multiple lines, starting from the background of the great historical events of recent years, and intertwined with the vicissitudes of some great protagonists: popes, secretaries of state, heads of government, monarchs. A look not only at the domestic front, but also at the international one. Understanding how Rome tries to manage its foreign relations in a supranational context that in recent decades has seen the emergence of new states (e.g. Belgium), significant changes (e.g. France in 1830, with the beginning of the Orleanist monarchy, or the independence achieved by the countries of South America), or strong dynastic disputes (e.g. the Iberian Peninsula), is important to understand how it must also deal with governments that, depending on the case, take on markedly conservative characteristics or with strong liberal tendencies. Despite the Roman Curia's natural inclination, “closeness” to reactionary positions, relations with powers such as Russia or Austria don’t remain idyllic. However, the line just described was not the only one followed in the development of this research. As if wishing to proceed on two parallel tracks, we have also focused on the figure and political thought of one of the most important jurists of the first half of the century: Pellegrino Rossi. A jurist of course, although this expression is not enough to encapsulate the greatness of an “Italian son”, born and raised when united Italy did not yet exist. Much has already been said, or rather written, about this multifaceted character, and about his life spent between Italy, Switzerland, France and then back on the peninsula, working at the Roman court as a French representative, and then as a minister of His Holiness. And yet these aspects have been precisely useful in this work, looking at lesser-known but absolutely important aspects. These were, for example, the most important moments Rossi spent in Switzerland (as a member of the Geneva Representative Council and as an envoy to the Diet of Lucerne in 1832), or the major speeches he made at the Chamber of Peers in Paris between 1840 and 1844. The same can be said about the delicate events that involved the jurist during his tenure at the papal court. It was here, first as ambassador, and then as the pivot of the new government formed in September 1848, that the multifaceted Italian tried to shake the Roman State out of its torpor and pull it towards a more modern and truly constitutional order.
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CICERCHIA, ANDREA. "Giustizia di antico regime: il Tribunale criminale dell'Auditor Camerae (secc. XVI-XVII)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1372.

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Questa ricerca si propone di ripercorrere le linee applicative del governo della giustizia all’interno della macchina statale pontificia nei secoli di antico regime. In particolare è stata presa in analisi la lunga parabola evolutiva della giurisdizione criminale di una magistratura ordinaria per la città di Roma e centrale (in grado di appello) per l’intero territorio statale: il Tribunale criminale dell’Auditor Camerae, autonomo dal 1485 dalla Camera apostolica, dotato di ampia autorità, civile e criminale, nei confronti di ecclesiastici e laici di curia. Le sue vaste competenze in materia camerale lo connotarono, sin dagli inizi del XVI secolo, come organo principale nell’erogazione della giustizia civile nella città tiberina; la caratteristica “bifronte” (spirituale e temporale) tipica del potere pontificio condusse inoltre il Tribunale ad estendere – in materia camerale e di inadempienza alle bolle pontificie – la propria giurisdizione “sin dove era accesso alla croce”, con la facoltà di comminare scomuniche e interdetti. L’inestricabilità di tali competenze e la complessità delle procedure in materia criminale hanno così inclinato la storiografia a lasciarne in ombra le dinamiche a favore di una più ampia considerazione dell’aspetto civile (corroborato d’altronde da una più vasta conservazione del fondo civile rispetto a quello criminale). L’indagine presente si è posta quindi l’obiettivo di portare in primo piano la procedura in criminalibus della giustizia esercitata dall’ Auditor Camerae. Nello specifico si è realizzato uno studio incrociato di due piani cronologici relativi all’evoluzione del Tribunale: da un lato si è fatto ordine nella normativa ufficiale, prendendo a riferimento un percorso plurisecolare che dal 1485 potesse abbracciarne l’intera evoluzione giuridico-istituzionale fino alla prima metà del Settecento. Le fonti utilizzate in questo contesto sono state reperite, oltre che attraverso i bullarum ufficiali, anche in diversi fondi conservati presso l’Archivio Segreto Vaticano e nelle raccolte di bandi ed editti emanati dal Tribunale; dall’altro lato, invece, ci si è voluti approcciare ad un’indagine in grado d’intrecciare tali fonti normative con quelle conservate presso il fondo del Tribunale criminale (conservato all’Archivio di Stato di Roma), allo scopo di approfondire l’analisi della struttura istituzionale - in particolare quella dei giudici della luogotenenza criminale e dei notai – e di registrarne l’inevitabile scarto rispetto a quello che fu l’effettivo esercizio della giustizia; cercando, in quest’ultimo caso, di focalizzare l’indagine in quel periodo, tra Cinque e Seicento, definibile come il vero e proprio apogeo del Tribunale. Quello che emerge, in definitiva, da questa ricerca è l’immagine di un complesso organismo giudiziario che soprattutto tra la fine del Cinquecento e gli inizi del secolo successivo – in particolare attorno agli anni della riforma paolina (1612) – si trovò a ricoprire un ruolo non secondario anche dal punto di vista della giustizia criminale e non solo nella giurisdizione romana ma nell’intero contesto territoriale dello Stato della Chiesa. Vengono così a definirsi alcuni aspetti istituzionali di un Tribunale (per il quale manca uno sguardo specifico nelle più recenti analisi storiografiche), che permettono di tracciare considerazioni più vaste sull’intero governo della giustizia nei territori della Chiesa tra XVI e XVII secolo.
This research aims to review the implementing guidelines of the government of justice within the papal state machinery during the centuries of old regime. In particular it was taken into analysis the long evolutionary parable of the criminal jurisdiction of an ordinary bench for the city of Rome and of a central one for the whole territory of the State: the Criminal Court of Auditor Camerae, autonomous from 1485 from the Apostolic Camera, endowed with large civil and criminal competences on clergy and laity of the Curia. Its vast competences on Chambers connoted it, since the beginning of the 16th century, as the main organ in the provision of civil justice in Rome; both the characteristics of papal power (spiritual and temporal) led the Court to extend – in the field of Commerce and of non-compliance to the papal bulls – its jurisdiction, with the power to impose excommunications and interdicts. The impossibility to divide these skills and the complexity of the procedures in criminal matter have so inclined historiography to overshadow the dynamics in favor of a broader consideration of the civil aspect (indeed corroborated by a wider conservation of the civil fund, compared to the criminal one). Therefore the present research’s purpose is to highlight the procedure in criminalibus of Justice exerted by Auditor Camerae. Specifically, it was developed a cross-study of two chronological plans concerning the development of the Court: on the one hand, it has been made some order in the official law, with reference to a centuries-old route that from 1485 could embrace the entire legal and institutional development until the first half of the eighteenth century. The sources used in this context were found, as well as through the official bullarum, also in various funds kept in the Vatican Secret Archives and in the collections of announcements and edicts issued by the Court; on the other hand, the present research aims to approach an investigation able to weave these normative sources with those ones preserved in the fund of the criminal court (preserved in the State Archives of Rome) in order to deepen the analysis of the institutional structure - in particular that of the judges of officer of the police and notaries - and record the inevitable deviation from what was the effective exercise of justice; in the latter case, the attempt was to focus the investigation on that period, between the sixteenth and seventeenth century, defined as the real apogee of the Court. What emerges, ultimately, from this research is the image of a complex judicial organism that especially in the late sixteenth and early next century - particularly around the years of the reform of Paul V (1612) - was found to play an important role even from the criminal justice’s point of view and not just in roman jurisdiction but in the whole Papal State’s territorial context. Are so defined some institutional aspects of a Court (which has not been specifically examined by the most recent historiographical analysis), which make it possible to trace broader considerations about the entire government of justice in the territories of the Church between the sixteenth and seventeenth century.
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Tamburri, Simone. "Chiesa di San Paolo in Monte a Bologna: un criterio di classificazione BIM come ausilio alla progettazione della messa in sicurezza." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13381/.

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L’utilizzo di processi legati al Building Information Modeling (BIM) è di grande attualità. La sua applicazione a realtà come quella italiana, caratterizzata principalmente da edifici storici e monumentali, è ancora tutta da esplorare. Si vuole quindi proporre un metodo per la realizzazione di modelli BIM del patrimonio storico, ai quali introdurre le informazioni relative allo stato di danno rilevato per la valutazione del rischio sismico. Il processo comincia dallo studio di un rilievo tradizionale, composto da rappresentazioni bidimensionali, nonché dallo studio dell’edificio da documentare, tramite sopralluoghi e ricerca d’archivio. Prosegue con un’analisi di tipo semantico della costruzione, utile a comprendere le componenti da modellare. A questa segue la realizzazione del modello tridimensionale dell’edificio. Parallelamente alla modellazione del fabbricato, si inseriscono all’interno del modello tutte le informazioni rilevate, o già disponibili presso gli archivi delle pubbliche amministrazioni. È in questo modo possibile raccogliere tutte le conoscenze, di qualunque ambito, all’interno del modello. Infine si costruiscono le famiglie necessarie all’inserimento delle lesioni rilevate, rendendo possibile un’analisi più accurata, ed il calcolo dell’indice di vulnerabilità definito dalle linee guida del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti. Il risultato del processo è quindi un modello tridimensionale che raccoglie al suo interno, oltre alle informazioni riguarda la geometria dell’edificio, dettagli riguardo i materiali, i metodi di costruzione, informazioni storiche e riguardo lo stato di danno. Sarà quindi possibile utilizzarlo come “indice” di accesso a tali informazioni; sarà possibile generare la documentazione necessaria (disegni ortografici, assonometrici, tabelle, ecc.) all’analisi e conservazione dell’edificio. Il modello risultante è stato confrontato con la nuvola di punti ottenuta dal rilievo per verificarne la precisione geometrica.
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PALUMBO, ENRICO. "Ebraismo e Stato di Israele nelle riviste cattoliche italiane (1963-1978)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/725.

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I percorsi che hanno portato i cattolici a ripensare il proprio rapporto con gli ebrei sono molti e investono aspetti molteplici del problema. A questo tema, approdato infine al Concilio Vaticano II con la dichiarazione Nostra Aetate (1965), si è aggiunta la questione della posizione dei cristiani di fronte alla nascita dello Stato di Israele. Le riviste cattoliche italiane (di cui si sono qui prese in esame quelle d’opinione di diverso orientamento), luogo di discussione e di formazione di un’opinione pubblica consapevole, rispettarono tale pluralismo e, grazie all’impulso conciliare, affrontarono con crescente competenza la questione dei rapporti ebraico-cristiani, diventando fucina di un confronto fecondo con l’ebraismo. La vicenda dello Stato di Israele si è certamente intrecciata con il dialogo ebraico-cristiano, ma la maggior parte delle riviste cattoliche riuscì a non confondere i due piani e a compiere valutazioni distinte. La solida difesa del dialogo ebraico-cristiano si accompagnò nelle riviste della sinistra cattolica, soprattutto dopo il 1967, a una visione sempre più critica del ruolo che Israele stava svolgendo in Medio Oriente e a un avvicinamento alle posizioni palestinesi. Nella destra cattolica, in alcuni casi lontana dallo spirito conciliare sul tema dei rapporti tra le due fedi abramitiche, furono maggiori le voci in favore dello Stato di Israele, il cui ruolo era inserito nel quadro della guerra fredda.
Paths bringing Catholics to reconsider their relationship with the Jewish are various and touch manyfold aspects of the issue, which finally was brought up during the Second Vatican Council in the declaration Nostra Aetate (1965). Meanwhile Christians were further confronted by the foundation of Israel. Italian Catholic reviews, in the pluralism of the Council, faced with increased competence the issue of Christian-Jewish relationship and became the place for internal debates, opinion making, but also fruitful confrontation with Hebraism; those holding different views are specifically taken into account in this work. The course of Israel as state is certainly interwoven with the Christian-Jewish dialogue, but most Catholic reviews managed to keep the discussion and their evaluations on two different levels. The support of Christian-Jewish dialogue did not prevent left-wing Catholics from a critical vision of the role played by Israel in the Middle East, particularly in 1967, when positions came close to Palestinians. On the other hand within the Catholic right-wing, sometimes far from the spirit of the Council about the two religions with same roots, voices rose in favour of Israel and its role in the frame of the cold war.
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PALUMBO, ENRICO. "Ebraismo e Stato di Israele nelle riviste cattoliche italiane (1963-1978)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/725.

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I percorsi che hanno portato i cattolici a ripensare il proprio rapporto con gli ebrei sono molti e investono aspetti molteplici del problema. A questo tema, approdato infine al Concilio Vaticano II con la dichiarazione Nostra Aetate (1965), si è aggiunta la questione della posizione dei cristiani di fronte alla nascita dello Stato di Israele. Le riviste cattoliche italiane (di cui si sono qui prese in esame quelle d’opinione di diverso orientamento), luogo di discussione e di formazione di un’opinione pubblica consapevole, rispettarono tale pluralismo e, grazie all’impulso conciliare, affrontarono con crescente competenza la questione dei rapporti ebraico-cristiani, diventando fucina di un confronto fecondo con l’ebraismo. La vicenda dello Stato di Israele si è certamente intrecciata con il dialogo ebraico-cristiano, ma la maggior parte delle riviste cattoliche riuscì a non confondere i due piani e a compiere valutazioni distinte. La solida difesa del dialogo ebraico-cristiano si accompagnò nelle riviste della sinistra cattolica, soprattutto dopo il 1967, a una visione sempre più critica del ruolo che Israele stava svolgendo in Medio Oriente e a un avvicinamento alle posizioni palestinesi. Nella destra cattolica, in alcuni casi lontana dallo spirito conciliare sul tema dei rapporti tra le due fedi abramitiche, furono maggiori le voci in favore dello Stato di Israele, il cui ruolo era inserito nel quadro della guerra fredda.
Paths bringing Catholics to reconsider their relationship with the Jewish are various and touch manyfold aspects of the issue, which finally was brought up during the Second Vatican Council in the declaration Nostra Aetate (1965). Meanwhile Christians were further confronted by the foundation of Israel. Italian Catholic reviews, in the pluralism of the Council, faced with increased competence the issue of Christian-Jewish relationship and became the place for internal debates, opinion making, but also fruitful confrontation with Hebraism; those holding different views are specifically taken into account in this work. The course of Israel as state is certainly interwoven with the Christian-Jewish dialogue, but most Catholic reviews managed to keep the discussion and their evaluations on two different levels. The support of Christian-Jewish dialogue did not prevent left-wing Catholics from a critical vision of the role played by Israel in the Middle East, particularly in 1967, when positions came close to Palestinians. On the other hand within the Catholic right-wing, sometimes far from the spirit of the Council about the two religions with same roots, voices rose in favour of Israel and its role in the frame of the cold war.
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Jeleč, Petar. "La Chiesa cattolica in Bosnia ed Erzegovina e lo Stato indipendente croato : 1941-1945 : lo studio secondo la storiografia e le fonti ecclesiastiche e civili, principalmente di matrice bosniaco-erzegovese, croata e serba /." Roma : Pontificia università gregoriana, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41169726t.

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Extr. de: Dissertazione per il dottorato--Facoltà della Storia e dei Beni Culturali della Chiesa, Dipartimento Storia della Chiesa--Roma--Pontificia università gregoriana, 2006.
Bibliogr. p. 245-263.
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Sayira, Tazayian. "Tourism development and women in under crises destinations : a case study of Chilas, Pakistan." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4515/.

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This thesis discusses tourism development for the purpose of improvement in the current environment, including financial and socio-cultural conditions of an under crises destination and community. The emphasis of this thesis is to explore factors which have significant impact on a place and local community that is under natural and anthropogenic crises. For this research Chilas- a valley situated on the Silk Road under the control of the Gilgit-Baltistan territory of Pakistan is being used as a case study. The main purpose of this research is to explore the problems relating to tourism and development since the destination and community is facing the situation of crises which have worsened since the September 2011 terrorist attacks and the following involvement of Pakistan in the “war against terrorism”. Chilas- being a remote destination and present in North of Pakistan was known to be a hiding place of terrorists who were assumed to cross the Pak-Afghan border. Due to Chilas’s location access by communication media and law enforcement agencies is not an easy task, However since the opening of the Babusar pass- that connects Islamabad the capital city of Pakistan to Chilas the valley has become less isolated. With the opening of the Babusar pass and efforts by the local authorities in terms of promoting tourism for example opening tourist resorts named Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation there has been a slight increase in tourist arrivals. Though Chilas was always a centre of attention for Archaeologists and Botanists, the destination however at all times lacked basic tourism infrastructure. There have been several internal and external causes for instance: attitudes of local community towards visitors especially women tourists and place image propagated by com-media, which hinder tourism development in the region. Using ethnographic methods to collect data this thesis discusses how tourism development accompanied with NAC and com-media can change the situation of a destination and a community specifically women members of a community in an under crises destination. The last chapter of this thesis makes recommendations for the tourism development in Chilas and for Chilassi community by concluding the findings from the fieldwork.
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Júnior, Walter Barbieri. "Uma análise do processo de constituição do Estado nacional como eixo da ascensão chinesa no capitalismo internacional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2574.

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The Chinese expansion in world capitalism has provoked a great interest in China s role in the 21st century, especially in relation to the State role in the face of the so-called market forces. Within a millenary civilization, the Chinese nation State, formally created in 1912, has been built along a process that had two milestones: the revolution triumph in 1949, whose stated goal by the main leaders was the socialist transformation, first step for the construction of a classless society; and the Four Modernization Programs, implemented by the forces led by Deng Xiaoping from 1978 on. This thesis examines more specifically the role of the Chinese nation-State building as a foundation for the expansion in world capitalism in the last thirty-five years, following the post-World War II Maoist period. In this work the author searches for the understanding of how the national ideology pervades the process of contemporary Chinese State Constitution. In addition, this study examines this State intervention in economic development of that social formation and more particularly the possibility of hegemonic rise of China in world capitalism in the 21st century
A expansão chinesa no capitalismo mundial tem provocado um grande interesse pelo papel da China no século XXI, principalmente em relação ao protagonismo do Estado frente às chamadas forças do mercado. No interior de uma civilização milenar, o Estado-nação chinês, criado formalmente em 1912, constituiu-se ao longo de um processo que teve dois marcos principais: o triunfo da revolução, em 1949, cujo objetivo declarado pelas principais forças dirigentes era a transformação socialista, primeiro passo para a construção de uma sociedade sem classes; e o Programa das Quatro Modernizações, implementado pelas forças lideradas por Deng Xiaoping a partir de 1978. Esta tese analisa, mais especificamente, o papel da construção do Estado-nação chinês como alicerce para a expansão no capitalismo mundial nos últimos trinta e cinco anos, período superior temporal, ao do período maoísta do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aqui se procura compreender de que forma a ideologia nacional perpassa o processo de constituição do Estado chinês contemporâneo. Além disso, o estudo analisa a forma de intervenção deste Estado no desenvolvimento econômico daquela formação social e, mais especialmente, a possibilidade de ascensão hegemônica da China no capitalismo mundial no século XXI
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Barbieri, Junior Walter. "Uma análise do processo de constituição do Estado nacional como eixo da ascensão chinesa no capitalismo internacional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3681.

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The Chinese expansion in world capitalism has provoked a great interest in China s role in the 21st century, especially in relation to the State role in the face of the so-called market forces. Within a millenary civilization, the Chinese nation State, formally created in 1912, has been built along a process that had two milestones: the revolution triumph in 1949, whose stated goal by the main leaders was the socialist transformation, first step for the construction of a classless society; and the Four Modernization Programs, implemented by the forces led by Deng Xiaoping from 1978 on. This thesis examines more specifically the role of the Chinese nation-State building as a foundation for the expansion in world capitalism in the last thirty-five years, following the post-World War II Maoist period. In this work the author searches for the understanding of how the national ideology pervades the process of contemporary Chinese State Constitution. In addition, this study examines this State intervention in economic development of that social formation and more particularly the possibility of hegemonic rise of China in world capitalism in the 21st century
A expansão chinesa no capitalismo mundial tem provocado um grande interesse pelo papel da China no século XXI, principalmente em relação ao protagonismo do Estado frente às chamadas forças do mercado. No interior de uma civilização milenar, o Estado-nação chinês, criado formalmente em 1912, constituiu-se ao longo de um processo que teve dois marcos principais: o triunfo da revolução, em 1949, cujo objetivo declarado pelas principais forças dirigentes era a transformação socialista, primeiro passo para a construção de uma sociedade sem classes; e o Programa das Quatro Modernizações, implementado pelas forças lideradas por Deng Xiaoping a partir de 1978. Esta tese analisa, mais especificamente, o papel da construção do Estado-nação chinês como alicerce para a expansão no capitalismo mundial nos últimos trinta e cinco anos, período superior temporal, ao do período maoísta do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aqui se procura compreender de que forma a ideologia nacional perpassa o processo de constituição do Estado chinês contemporâneo. Além disso, o estudo analisa a forma de intervenção deste Estado no desenvolvimento econômico daquela formação social e, mais especialmente, a possibilidade de ascensão hegemônica da China no capitalismo mundial no século XXI
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Walsh, Julianne Marie. "Imagining the Marshalls: Chiefs, tradition, and the state on the fringes of United States empire." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1247.

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Understandings of the Marshall Islands require attention to the interplay of multiple discourses of tradition, modernity, chiefs, development, and democracy from multiple sources that critically interact and mutually construct the Marshall Islands. This multi-sited, multi-vocal ethnography explores the reproduction and transformation of historic power relationships between Marshallese chiefs and commoners who incorporate and "indigenize" foreign discourses and resources into culturally informed models and practices of authority. In relationships of unequal power, such as that defined by the Compact of Free Association between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, dominant global discourses about culture and progress enable both local and transnational hegemonies. These discourses are contextually analyzed as they are invoked and challenged in Nitijela [parliament] debates, in evaluations of the Compact of Free Association, in elites' autobiographical reflections on Marshallese-American relationships, and in foreign media representations. Historical shifts in the political and economic powers of Marshallese chiefs through three colonial administrations, and the growth of a commoner elite class since World War II further highlight the ways foreign resources are appropriated for specific local purposes that transform understandings of power and authority. With discourse as both object and method of analysis, the agency of local actors is both foregrounded and contextualized. Simplistic characterizations of chiefs, elites, commoners, and foreigners' are complicated through close attention to the ways local loyalties, colonial histories, political rivalries, and global discourses inform and frame expressions of Marshallese identities.
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22

Curti, Matteo. "Le capriate lignee della chiesa di San Salvatore a Bologna. Applicazione della modellazione parametrica per la valutazione e l’interpretazione dei movimenti e degli stati di deformazione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Il presente lavoro si colloca in un ampio protocollo di ricerca già avviato riguardante lo studio delle capriate lignee di grandi luci, site in alcune delle più importanti chiese bolognesi. Il metodo è stato messo a punto per successive approssimazioni e correzioni in seguito alla sua applicazione a diversi casi di studio ed è in continuo aggiornamento. Tale progetto punta ad approfondire la conoscenza di questi complessi sistemi e della loro evoluzione nel tempo, attraverso l’uso del rilievo con laser scanner e della rielaborazione e interpretazione dei dati ottenuti da esso. Dalla nuvola di punti dell’intero sottotetto, acquisita dal laser scanner, si estrapolano le singole capriate, da queste si ottengono le sezioni delle aste afferenti a ogni nodo, si vettorializzano le sezioni ottenute e, attraverso un programma di modellazione parametrica, si costruiscono algoritmi che generano in modo automatizzato tre modelli per ogni capriata utilizzando come parametri di input le suddette sezioni. Il primo modello che si costruisce è il “modello di rilievo”, creato dalle sezioni di estremità dei nodi, che è il modello dello stato di fatto; il secondo è il “modello proiettato” in cui gli elementi del primo modello vengono proiettati sul piano verticale passante per l’asse della catena; il terzo è il “modello rettificato” che parte dal secondo modello e recupera le deformazioni flessionali degli elementi, e l’abbassamento del colmo. Quest’ultimo rappresenta il modello “ideale o teorico” ovvero la configurazione indeformata al momento della messa in opera. Il confronto tra i modelli generati e la nuvola di punti iniziale consente di leggere le capriate in modo dettagliato, analizzarne spostamenti e deformazioni, derivare informazioni puntuali e comparate sul loro comportamento, trarre considerazioni globali sullo stato di salute dell’intero sottotetto e, se necessario, prevedere e progettare eventuali interventi di recupero o rinforzo strutturale.
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Silveira, Janaína Camara da. "Estado como agente ativo da economia chinesa: interpretações sobre os 40 anos da política de reforma e abertura." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7614.

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A China percorreu em quatro décadas a transição de uma economia agrária para industrial e de serviços em um processo liderado pelo Estado mesmo com a política de reforma e abertura iniciada em 1978. O país optou pelo experimentalismo e o gradualismo como guias para as reformas estruturais que significaram também a criação e a adaptação de suas instituições, muitas adotadas em caráter transitório. Em quatro décadas, cresceu a importância da China no cenário global, seja por meio de suas exportações, dos investimentos estrangeiros que recebe e provê a outros países, dos organismos multilaterais de financiamento que criou ou pelo crescente mercado interno, cada vez mais urbano. Tal processo é objeto de amplo debate. O presente trabalho contribui para esta discussão ao resgatar a historiografia econômica da China a partir da chegada do Partido Comunista ao poder e ao expor os instrumentos utilizados pelo Estado na condução do crescimento e do desenvolvimento econômico e culmina com a apresentação das principais interpretações, além de a da própria autora, sobre este fenômeno sob a ótica do papel do Estado e da inserção na economia global.
China has gone through four decades of transition from an agrarian to an industrial and service economy based on a state-led process ignited with the reform and opening up policy in 1978. China has chosen experimentalism and gradualism as guides for structural reforms, which also meant the creation and adaptation of its institutions, many of them adopted as a transitional solution. In four decades, China became increasingly important in the global scenario, whether through its exports, the foreign investment it receives and provides to other countries, the multilateral financing mechanisms it has launched or its growing urban consumer market. This process is subject of much debate. The present work contributes to this discussion by displaying China's economic historiography since the arrival of the Communist Party to power and by exposing the instruments used by the state on conducting growth and economic development. It also shows the main interpretations and the author’s as well of this phenomenon in terms of role of the State and insertion in the global economy.
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TIRABASSI, MARIAGRAZIA. "MACELLAZIONE RITUALE E CERTIFICAZIONE DELLE CARNI KASHER E HALAL: I MODELLI FRANCESE E STATUNITENSE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/7812.

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La produzione di carne è disciplinata dai diritti ebraico ed islamico attraverso normative che, a prescindere dalle loro rispettive specificità, sono accomunate dallo scopo fondamentale di rammentare ai fedeli la gravità dell’atto di privare un animale della vita. La produzione di carni kashèr (idonee ad essere consumate, in base al diritto ebraico) e halal (lecite, ai sensi di quello islamico) trova generalmente spazio nelle democrazie pluraliste in virtù del diritto alla libertà religiosa. Questo, ad ogni modo, non esime lo Stato dalla responsabilità di disciplinare la macellazione e l’uso commerciale delle indicazioni di qualità kashèr e halal, in ragione ed entro i limiti dei propri compiti di tutela della salute umana ed animale, della concorrenza e dei consumatori. Assolvere questa responsabilità nel rispetto della reciproca autonomia tra Stato e confessioni religiose implica la ricerca di un equilibrio complesso, soprattutto quando si tratta di individuare e delimitare le competenze dei poteri pubblici, degli enti confessionali e del settore privato in materia di macellazione rituale e di certificazione religiosa delle carni. La tesi analizza e mette a confronto le soluzioni normative adottate in due ordinamenti (quello francese e quello statunitense) ispirati al principio di separazione dello Stato dalle religioni, seppur con declinazioni molto differenti.
Meat production is regulated by both Jewish and Islamic Laws through sets of rules that, aside from their respective specificities, share the aim of teaching reverence for life to the believers. Generally speaking, in pluralist democracies the production of kosher (“fit/proper”, according to Jewish Law) and halal (“permissible”, under Islamic Law) meat is protected under the right to freedom of religion. However, the State retains the authority to regulate the use of religious slaughter and that of kosher and halal claims in the meat market, on the basis and within the limits of its mandate to protect and promote public health, humane treatment of animals, fair market competition and consumer rights. Fulfilling such responsibility without overstepping the bounds of State-religion mutual autonomy is a complex task, especially when it comes to determining the roles of public authorities, religious bodies and the private sector in the fields of ritual slaughter and religious certification; it requires, indeed, to strike a fair balance between several - sometimes competing - rights and interests. The dissertation analyses and compares the legal approaches through which these matters are addressed in France and in the US, where the general principle of separation between Church and State is construed and implemented in profoundly different ways.
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TIRABASSI, MARIAGRAZIA. "MACELLAZIONE RITUALE E CERTIFICAZIONE DELLE CARNI KASHER E HALAL: I MODELLI FRANCESE E STATUNITENSE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/7812.

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La produzione di carne è disciplinata dai diritti ebraico ed islamico attraverso normative che, a prescindere dalle loro rispettive specificità, sono accomunate dallo scopo fondamentale di rammentare ai fedeli la gravità dell’atto di privare un animale della vita. La produzione di carni kashèr (idonee ad essere consumate, in base al diritto ebraico) e halal (lecite, ai sensi di quello islamico) trova generalmente spazio nelle democrazie pluraliste in virtù del diritto alla libertà religiosa. Questo, ad ogni modo, non esime lo Stato dalla responsabilità di disciplinare la macellazione e l’uso commerciale delle indicazioni di qualità kashèr e halal, in ragione ed entro i limiti dei propri compiti di tutela della salute umana ed animale, della concorrenza e dei consumatori. Assolvere questa responsabilità nel rispetto della reciproca autonomia tra Stato e confessioni religiose implica la ricerca di un equilibrio complesso, soprattutto quando si tratta di individuare e delimitare le competenze dei poteri pubblici, degli enti confessionali e del settore privato in materia di macellazione rituale e di certificazione religiosa delle carni. La tesi analizza e mette a confronto le soluzioni normative adottate in due ordinamenti (quello francese e quello statunitense) ispirati al principio di separazione dello Stato dalle religioni, seppur con declinazioni molto differenti.
Meat production is regulated by both Jewish and Islamic Laws through sets of rules that, aside from their respective specificities, share the aim of teaching reverence for life to the believers. Generally speaking, in pluralist democracies the production of kosher (“fit/proper”, according to Jewish Law) and halal (“permissible”, under Islamic Law) meat is protected under the right to freedom of religion. However, the State retains the authority to regulate the use of religious slaughter and that of kosher and halal claims in the meat market, on the basis and within the limits of its mandate to protect and promote public health, humane treatment of animals, fair market competition and consumer rights. Fulfilling such responsibility without overstepping the bounds of State-religion mutual autonomy is a complex task, especially when it comes to determining the roles of public authorities, religious bodies and the private sector in the fields of ritual slaughter and religious certification; it requires, indeed, to strike a fair balance between several - sometimes competing - rights and interests. The dissertation analyses and compares the legal approaches through which these matters are addressed in France and in the US, where the general principle of separation between Church and State is construed and implemented in profoundly different ways.
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26

Malejacq, Romain. "Neo-chiefs in the international State system : power strategies and authority in Afghanistan (1992 to the present)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0012.

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Ce travail de thèse constitue une étude des sources de pouvoir et d'influence des neo-chefs afghans, ou de ceux que qu'on appelle communément des seigneurs de guerre. Leaders dont la légitimité repose sur le pouvoir de faire la guerre efficacement, les seigneurs de guerre sont des acteurs ayant mis en place une organisation politique autonome à l’intérieur d’un Etat et qui ne reconnaissent aucune autorité supérieure à eux-mêmes. Il s’agit d’entrepreneurs politiques jouant un rôle crucial dans l'accès des populations à l'arène politique et aux opportunités économiques et qui sont parfois les principaux pourvoyeurs de gouvernance dans les zones où ils exercent leur influence. Leurs stratégies politiques s’étendent au-delà de ces sphères territoriales et communautaires pour inclure des interactions avec leur Etat central et d’autres acteurs étatiques. Nous montrons tout au long de ce travail que les neo-chefs ont la faculté de convertir leur sources de pouvoir afin d’assurer leur survie politique. Ce sont des acteurs rationnels qui développent des stratégies de survie complexes. Ils constituent par ailleurs des seigneurs de guerre dormants susceptibles de se transformer en seigneurs de guerre actifs si l’occasion se présente, c'est-à-dire dans un environnement international plus flexible. En d’autres termes, les neo-chefs montrent de forts signes de résiliences : ils ont la capacité de s’ajuster au changement et de retrouver leur forme initiale
This is a study of the bases of power and influence of what are commonly known in Afghanistan as warlords—leaders whose legitimacy is based on the power to make war effectively, who have established a political organization within the confines of a state’s recognized boundaries, and obey no higher authority than themselves. They are neo-chiefs, astute political entrepreneurs who play critical roles in people’s access to the political arena and economic opportunities. They act at various times as the principal suppliers of governance to people in areas where they wield influence. Their political strategies extend beyond these territorial and community realms to include interactions with the state and international actors. In this work, I identify the limits of the existing literature in fully acknowledging the international dimension of state-building, the role of sub-state actors in state formation processes, and the possibility that these actors operate in the international system. I show throughout this work that neo-chiefs have the ability to conduct international relations and can either benefit from or manipulate these relationships, which gives them the ability to reinvent themselves through crafting new bases for their authority once they lose control over their territories. When a stronger state asserts authority, warlords have to learn how to live with(in) that state and change the nature of their authority. They thus become dormant warlords
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27

Chen, Han-shin. "The making of Taiwan's mainland policy milieu, state, and decision-making /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33051230.html.

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28

Su, Yang. "Tumult from within state bureaucrats and Chinese mass movement, 1966-1971 /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3111803.

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29

Langslow, A. K. "Between rivers : the postmodern condition in a totalitarian state." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310332.

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30

Lok, Pui-kit Pokit. "The economic performance of Chinese state-owned enterprises after denationalization." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19740608.

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Jin, Ying. "Locational propensities under state provision and market conditions : retailing in Beijing 1978-1988." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385420.

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32

Ruiying, Wu. "Do chinese SOEs operate on a level playing field in the global market?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19041.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Hoje em dia, as empresas estatais, têm um importante papel no desenvolvimento da economia global. O crescimento exponencial das empresas estatais chinesas nos últimos anos surpreendeu o mundo. No entanto, existem algumas preocupações com estas empresas chinesas, nomeadamente na sua falta de transparência, devido sobretudo ao seu contexto obscuro. As suspeitas de que estas não operam justamente no mercado global são recorrentes, pois podem receber algum tipo de tratamento preferencial concedido pelo governo. Esta tese, tem como objetivo, tentar compreender melhor se as empresas estatais chinesas estão a operar em condições justas no mercado global. Com base em estudos anteriores, e a compreensão de disputas ocorridas desde 2002, na Organização Mundial do Comércio, concluímos que as mesmas não operaram justamente a tempo inteiro, mesmo sabendo que muitas investigações sobre estes casos não são conclusivas. Apenas quando houver mais clareza sobre a vida das empresas estatais chinesas, poderemos concluir verdadeiramente se existe alguma ameaça real ao equilíbrio neste setor comparativamente à concorrência justa do mercado global.
Nowadays, state-owned enterprises are playing a considerable role in the global economic development. The spectacular growth of Chinese SOEs in the last two decades has specially shocked the whole world. However, there are also concerns for the global market due to their murky background. It is always suspected that they are not operating on a level playing field because they might receive some preferential treatment from the government. The purpose of this paper is to study whether Chinese SOEs are operating on a level playing field in the global market. Based on previous studies about Chinese SOEs and the case study about dispute cases involving Chinese SOE at the World Trade Organization since 2002 until now, we conclude that Chinese SOEs may not be operating on a level playing field all the time, even if the dispute cases analyzed are not always conclusive. Only when there is more sunshine over Chinese SOEs could we see better if there is any real threats from Chinese SOE sector to the fair competition in the global market.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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33

DeBevoise, Jane. "Seismic states the changing system of support for contemporary art in China, 1978-1993 /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633726.

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34

Matsumoto, Go. "Ancestor Worship in the Middle Sicán Theocratic State." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/960.

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The major focus of this dissertation is the ancestor worship that is inferred to have been practiced in the multiethnic Middle Sicán theocratic state (AD 950-1100) that prospered on the northern North Coast of Peru. The major objective is twofold: (1) demonstrating by archaeological means that ancestors were indeed worshipped in the Middle Sicán society and (2) elucidating the nature and role of the inferred ancestor cult and associated rituals and ceremonies. Ancestor (and the veneration of it) is one of the themes that have the deepest roots in the anthropological thoughts; nevertheless, many archaeologists have uncritically invoked ancestor veneration without sufficient theoretical underpinning and empirical support, to the point that James Whitley (2002) decried "too many ancestors." This dissertation thus begins with a review of the earlier anthropological discoveries and theoretical debates on what ancestor is and who becomes an ancestor, including the cases in the Andes. Based on this review of previous studies, it is hypothesized that the select members of deceased Middle Sicán elites were transformed into an ancestor through a series of prescribed processes. This hypothesis is examined in terms of the five possible material correlates of the inferred Sicán ancestors extracted from the regional archaeological database of the study area accumulated by the Sicán Archaeological Project (SAP) for the last three decades. The role of the inferred Middle Sicán ancestor cult is approached from the ideological perspective. It is inferred that the ancestor cult was employed by the ruling group as an ideological and political means to justify the existence and extension of social hierarchies and inequalities and thus targeted at wider populations different in genealogical origins as opposed to family or lineage members. This study focuses attention on the food preparations and consumptions documented by a test excavation at the principle plaza of the Sicán capital, "Great Plaza," adjacent to the inferred ancestral tombs and hypothesizes that the commensality among the living and the dead during feasts there served not only to commemorate the inferred ancestors, but also to bring together people in different social tiers and to consolidate the highly stratified, multiethnic Middle Sicán society. Two excavations at the ceremonial core of the Middle Sicán state capital, one at the Huaca Loro West Cemetery in 2006 and the other at the Great Plaza in 2008, provide varied lines of evidence that support the above two hypotheses. The results suggest that ancestor worship was indeed practiced during the Middle Sicán Period. By maintaining and monopolizing the ritual access to the Sicán Deity through their ancestors, the Sicán elites reproduced their religious and political power and retained the legitimacy of their social status. Concurrently, the Sicán elites consciously employed their ancestor cult for social integration. After the Middle Sicán Period, these ancestors seem to have retained their spiritual viability even after the later Chimú Empire took the control of this region. If not recognized as the Sicán anymore, they were remembered and honored by the living for over four centuries. On the basis of the merits of traditional approach (e.g., the study of architecture, iconography, bioarchaeology, and ethnohistory and ethnography in the Andes), this study gives primacy to the direct focus on the material residues and relational contexts and patterns of ritual activities and studies their change and stability through time in relation to other historical contingencies. The merit of focusing on the trajectories of ritual activities themselves in a long and wide perspective is that it sheds light on the regional peculiarities and contingent nature of the inferred ancestor veneration, which may be overlooked in cross-cultural, ethnological arguments about the nature, role, and capacity of ancestors. It also provides a wealth of information not only to determine what types of activities took place, but also to explore the intangible symbolic significance behind those activities. As a result, this approach provides a practical solution to the justified criticism by Whitley (2002) and demonstrates how we should approach ancestor veneration and what evidence we would need in order to appropriately define it in archaeological record.
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Lok, Pui-kit Pokit, and 駱佩傑. "The economic performance of Chinese state-owned enterprises after denationalization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954844.

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Fugulin, Paulo Jose Ache. "Intervenção estatal na resolução da crise bancária chilena nos anos 1980." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9271.

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The strong growth of the Chilean economy in last the twenty years is related to the way the problems generated from the serious currency and financial crisis of 1981-84 were handled. The economic debate emphasized the responsible factors for the catastrophe, in special the unfortunate combination of the opening of the capital account, regulatory and institutional policies mistakes and deficiencies. Less attention was given to the management process and the overcoming of the crisis, based on the ample intervention of the public sector. The essay concentrates in the analysis of the state intervention towards the Chilean crisis, emphasizing its causes and discussing the instruments used and the incurred costs. It also sheds light on the conditions that had allowed the State s agility and the autonomy to distribute costs and concentrate losses, a process that differed from the stereotyped image of Chile as an omen of the Minimum State in Latin America
O vigoroso crescimento da economia chilena nos últimos vinte anos está ligado à forma como foram equacionados os problemas gerados pela grave crise cambial e financeira de 1981-84. O debate econômico enfatizou os fatores responsáveis pela catástrofe, em especial a combinação nefasta entre ampla abertura da conta de capitais, equívocos de política econômica e deficiências regulatórias e institucionais. Menos atenção foi dada ao processo de gerenciamento e superação da crise, baseado na ampla intervenção do setor público. O trabalho se concentra na análise da intervenção estatal na crise chilena, destacando suas causas e discutindo os instrumentos utilizados e os custos incorridos. Também se preocupa em apontar as condições que permitiram a agilidade e a autonomia do Estado para distribuir custos e concentrar perdas e favorecimentos, processo que diverge da imagem estereotipada do Chile como arauto do Estado-Mínimo na América Latina
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37

Wang, Meiquin. "Confrontation and complicity rethinking official art in contemporary China /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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38

Ubink, Janine M. "In the land of the chiefs customary law, land conflicts, and the role of the state in peri-urban Ghana /." [Leiden] : Leiden University Press, 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/librarytitles/Doc?id=10302637.

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LIAO, Yi. "Relationship conflict in Chinese state-owned enterprises : the role of goal interdependence." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2009. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/2.

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This study empirically examines the dynamics and conditions of relationship conflict between supervisors and employees in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises. It proposes that relationship conflict has significant effects on leadership in Chinese SOEs, specifically, it threatens leader-member relationships, lowers the possibility of open-minded discussion, influences leadership effectiveness and prevents future collaboration. This study uses Deutsch’s (1973) theory of goal interdependence to understand relationship conflict between supervisors and employees. Specifically, it proposes that three types of goal interdependence affect the experience of relationship conflict and its outcomes. Cooperative goals compare to competitive and independent goals can help reduce relationship conflict between supervisors and employees and in turn lead to quality relationships, open-minded discussions, leader effectiveness, and confidence in future collaboration. A total of 103 face-to-face interviews were conducted in Nanjing and Guangzhou in mainland China, with all the participants from Chinese State-Owned Enterprises. Participants were asked to describe a specific incident in which they engaged in relationship conflict with their supervisors. Details of the incidents including the setting, what occurred, the reasons, and the consequences were also recorded during the interview. Participants also rated specific questions on 7-point Likert-type scale based on the recalled incidents. Results of structural equation modeling and other analyses support the hypotheses and provide statistical evidence to the proposed theoretical model that goal interdependence affects relationship conflict that influence several leadership constructs, named leader-member relationship, open-minded discussion, leadership effectiveness, and future collaboration. The model and the findings also help to broaden understanding of dynamics of relationship conflict and suggest ways it can be alleviated in order to strengthen organizational leadership.
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40

Widihandojo, David Sulistijo. "The making of a precarious bourgeoisie: State and the transformation of domestic bourgeoisie in Indonesia." Thesis, Widihandojo, David Sulistijo (1997) The making of a precarious bourgeoisie: State and the transformation of domestic bourgeoisie in Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/404/.

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This study focusses on the dynamics which underlie the changing relationships between Chinese and pribumi business interests and the state. Under the Colonial state, the indigenous bourgeoisie had been practically eliminated, not only by the Dutch but also by priyayi bureaucrats. Consequently, Indonesia inherited a socially and politically weak bourgeoisie dominated by the Chinese who controlled substantial commercial networks, but had limited potential for political organisation. In the post-colonial era, attempts to build an indigenous bourgeoisie failed and it was the state that assumed the leading role in the economy. Under the New Order Government, the Chinese were to play a central role in promoting rapid economic growth and industrialisation. While this intensified resentment in some areas, new relationships between Chinese and pribumi capital and the state emerged. The intensifying relationship with the Chinese and pribumi had been built primarily around business alliances between large Chinese companies and companies owned by powerful political families. As such, cooperation remain highly dependent upon protective policies and access to monopolies. The unleashing of economic liberalisation resulted in the maturation of the bourgeoisie, characterised by their increasing entry into the international market. Conflict within business continued to evolve around the issues of conglomerates and was largely racially based. However, other factions were to emerge between upstream and downstream producers, between trading monopolists and producers. The case studies in this thesis draw out the increasing complexity of pribumi-Chinese relations. In the case of cloves we find that conflict between a Chinese cigarette manufacturing conglomerate and apribumi trading monopolist had few racial aspects. Rather, it was a conflict between rent-seekers and producers that was reflected in other parts of the economy and included both pribumi and Chinese on either side. As the economy grew and capitalism matured, issues other than race became important. These included deregulation of trade and investment, regulation and macro policy, with Pribumi and Chinese becoming absorbed and integrated on either side of the various conflicts.
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41

Widihandojo, David Sulistijo. "The making of a precarious bourgeoisie : state and the transformation of domestic bourgeoisie in Indonesia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1997. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060410.124416.

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42

Shang, J. "The competitiveness of state-owned commercial banks in China." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4005.

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China has undertaken a series of comprehensive economic and banking reform programs over the past three decades. As part of the WTO agreement, the domestic financial sector is fully open to foreign investors from WTO member countries in 2006. To answer the challenges, the policy makers and management of SOCB have been introducing two major steps to improve the Competitiveness of the commercial banks: transfer the bad debts to asset management companies and inject foreign exchange reserves to capital. However, the qualitative study shows that the general performance of the state-owned commercial banks is unstable during this period. It is high time that the consequences and efficiency of the reform were examined on an objective basis. This research offers a careful and rigorous examination of the condition and determinants of banking efficiency and competitiveness in China, with the focus on the state-owned commercial banks. The key contribution of this study is to develop a comprehensive empirical framework to measure and explain the performance of the state-owned commercial banks during the crucial transitional period from 1998 to 2003. This research examines the banking market conditions on the basis of a synthesis of the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and other alternative hypotheses. The thesis reveals that the state-owned commercial banks still dominate in both retail and business banking markets. The interest earnings remain the dominant source of commercial revenues. Due to the special relationship with government and their operational characters in the financial market, the state-owned commercial banks are not sensitive to monetary policy adjustments. The competition from other type of commercial banks has been strengthening, but the impact is rather limited. The main contribution of this study to the empirical literature on the Chinese banking market is the employment of the Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks at provincial level, followed by a panel econometric investigation into the differences in banking efficiency across the stat-owned commercial banking groups as well as individual provinces. The results show that the level of banking efficiency was generally very low and there was a significant extent of input surplus among the provincial branches. The source of inefficiency is different among individual banking groups. The econometric study reveals that the SOCBs benefit from the concentrated market structure and strong complementary relationship with their traditional business areas. The empirical results have also shed light on further policy measures to enhance banking competition and performance in China.
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43

Loveday, Helen. "A study of regional styles present in the material culture of the State of Chu in the Warring States period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305211.

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44

Mingming, Wang. "Flowers of the state, grasses of the people : yearly rites and aesthetics of power in Quanzhou southeast China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245475.

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45

Cai, Junyi. "Conceptualising State Feminism in China: Possibilities and Challenges." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29658.

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As state feminism is always discussed with reference to institutionalised politics, an important criterion for recognising state feminism is the capacity to initiate feminist goals and achieve them through engaging the process of policymaking. While discursive institutionalism tends to examine the relationship among actors in institutional structures from a communicative power perspective, this has not been widely applied to understand how state feminism is constructed through discursive power. There is very little such work considering these questions with reference to China. This thesis takes a first attempt at combining frameworks that analyse discursive power and state feminism in the Chinese context. This perspective tackles a larger question of whether a reciprocity between the state’s interests and feminist interests is possible. Beyond evaluating the effectiveness of women’s institutions, it is also important to look at the wider social-cultural environment and the political factors affecting how the state feminism framework has been shaped within particular historical conjunctures. Attending to the workings of feminism within the state, this thesis particularly considers the All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF), a Chinese Communist Party-led monopoly women’s organisation. Based on material and historical analysis of selected campaigns, this thesis suggests that the ACWF has been a contradictory agent which attempts to carry out feminist practise within the state by constantly seeking spaces for women’s representation, but also simultaneously represents the party-state’s discursive closure in defining what matters for women. In addition to these discursive and historical inquiries, this thesis employs Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s post-structuralist political theory to argue that state feminism in China should not be understood simply as a substantial institutional operation, but rather as the product of a discursive field in which its meaning is continually signified by changing hegemonic discourses across periods of cultural and political change. State feminism itself, I argue, is constituted at a symbolic level as a practice of articulations.
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46

Claassen, Carike. "The state of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Africa / Carike Claassen." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6281.

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Chinese economic growth has astounded the world of late, with China officially becoming the world’s second largest economy in August 2010. China has also been following a more outward-orientated economic stance over the past two decades and has actively been engaged in trade, aid and investment in the world economy. As China emerges as a new global economic powerhouse, analysts strive to understand the impact that the rise of China will have on the rest of the world. The possible economic impact of China on Africa is one of the most debated and often contentious aspects of studies regarding China. Sino-African relations, though certainly not a new phenomenon, have seen a significant impetus since 2000. A popular explanation for China’s recent engagement of Africa seems to be that China is hungry for resources needed to fuel its economic growth. This conception has led to much criticism of China’s increasing involvement in Africa, causing concern that China’s interest in Africa will entrench corruption and deepen the so-called resource curse experienced in many resource abundant African countries. China’s official policy on Africa, as embodied in its White Paper on Africa, which was released in 2006, and also in FOCAC (Forum on China-Africa Cooperation) refutes the notion of a neo-colonialist relationship with Africa. China’s official stance on Sino-African relations, as based on these documents, declares the need for a relationship based on mutual benefit and respect for sovereignty. Sino-African relations encompass many modes of economic interaction, including investment, trade and aid. This study focuses on Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to Africa, and the possible impact thereof on Africa. It is an important issue since Africa is still the poorest continent in the world and needs to manage its resources carefully in order to enhance growth on the continent. FDI has also frequently been identified as a possible catalyst for growth in Africa. This study investigates the potential impact of Chinese FDI in Africa by means of a literature study which focuses on the theoretical relationship between FDI and economic growth in developing countries, and in Africa specifically. A survey of the literature on the relationship between FDI and economic growth published between 1998 and early 2010 shows that studies on this topic are varied and inconclusive. Though there is no proof of a positive, uni-directional relationship between FDI and economic growth, it is generally accepted that FDI can enhance economic growth in a host economy, given certain basic levels of educational attainment and institutional quality. Following the literature study, the state of global FDI is investigated, focusing on the volumes of nominal FDI flows that have been received by developed and developing countries between 1990 and 2008. As expected, developed countries dominated FDI inflows during this period. Africa, as a developing region, lagged behind most other developing regions in terms of FDI inflows during this period, though the continent has seen an exponential increase in nominal FDI receipts since 2000. Looking at developing regions, developing Asia received the largest volume of FDI inflows during the period 1990 to 2008, while Developing Oceania received the smallest inflows. A basic profile of Chinese investment in Africa is also provided, illustrating clearly that Chinese investment in Africa has been rising steadily since 2000 and 2006 in particular. The profile provides background information on the specific African countries, sub regions and economic growth performers that have received Chinese FDI during the period covered. Chinese investment in Africa is widespread, with 45 of the 53 African nations receiving FDI from China between 2003 and 2008. In contrast with more traditional investors, who focus mostly on North Africa, Chinese FDI to Africa during the period under revision was concentrated mostly in Southern Africa. Surprisingly, Chinese FDI was also aimed at the more diversified countries that had achieved sustainable economic growth rates in the preceding decade. The analysis of Chinese FDI also shows that Chinese firms follow an unconventional way of doing business, often undertaking the building of infrastructure in return for access to various natural resources, such as oil and other minerals. Using data obtained from the 2008 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment, issued by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, a basic cross-section panel model is estimated. The model investigates the determinants of Chinese FDI to Africa and finds that China’s motivations for investing in Africa are more diverse than initially suspected. Though oil is an important factor in attracting Chinese FDI, agricultural land and market size are also found to be significant factors which determine Chinese FDI flows to Africa. This study concludes that Chinese FDI in Africa between 2003 and 2008 does not follow the conventional, preconceived notion of Sino-African relations. Though resources are important considerations for Chinese investors in Africa, resource security is not the only motive for Chinese FDI in Africa. Africa could potentially benefit from increased Chinese FDI, though the challenge lies in strategically managing these investments in order to ensure that Africa reaps the highest possible growth and development spillover benefits.
Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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47

Livacic, Gastón Ernesto Passi. "UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA SOBRE O ESTADO BUROCRÁTICO-AUTORITÁRIO: COMPARANDO A EXPERIÊNCIA BRASILEIRA E CHILENA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6269.

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This paper aims to propose a discussion about the core elements of bureaucratic- authoritarian state theory of the argentine political scientist Guillermo O'Donnell. Analyzing the economic and political interpretations that permeate their way of thinking and the resulting implications in power relations caused by the economic structuring approach. The historical cases traversed by this kind of rule will be examined, overall, through the concepts and correlations, which allow the direction for the bureaucratic - authoritative forms, likewise the post- strokes standards to allow consideration the dynamic power compared to such types. In particular, comparing disaggregated the standards set in the experiences Brazil and Chile. The nodal axis of this research seeks to reframe the political, economic and institutional trajectory explained the theory of bureaucratic- authoritarian state reflecting on the types of conflicts arising in this type of domination as well as discussing fundamentally the place of common development derived from the economic structure accumulative proposed by the author .
O presente trabalho procura propor uma discussão acerca dos elementos centrais da teoria de Estado burocrático-autoritário do cientista político argentino Guillermo O´Donnell. Analisando as interpretações econômicas e políticas que permeiam sua linha de pensamento e as decorrentes implicâncias nas relações de poder causadas pelo enfoque de estruturação econômica. Os casos históricos atravessados por esta espécie de dominação serão examinados, no global, através dos conceitos e correlações que permitem a direção para as formas burocrático-autoritárias, do mesmo modo, os padrões pós-golpes, que permitem ponderar a dinâmica de poder comparada de tais tipos. Em particular, comparando de forma desagregada os padrões estabelecidos nas experiências de Chile e do Brasil. O eixo nodal da presente pesquisa procura re-significar a trajetória política, econômica e institucional explicitada na teoria do Estado burocrático-autoritário refletindo sobre os tipos de conflitos suscitados neste tipo de dominação assim como discutir, fundamentalmente, o lugar de desenvolvimento comum derivado da estruturação econômica acumulativa proposta pelo autor.
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48

CAPISANI, LORENZO MARCO. "La Cina da impero a Stato nazionale: la definizione di uno spazio politico negli anni Venti." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/20588.

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La tesi si concentra sul Partito Nazionalista Cinese negli anni Venti come punto privilegiato di osservazione del cambiamento politico della Cina dopo la Prima guerra mondiale. Questo decennio rappresentò un momento di definizione identitaria sia per i comunisti sia per i nazionalisti. La storiografia ne ha sottolineato numerosi aspetti, ma si è finora occupata del periodo 1919-1928 come una preistoria degli anni Trenta piuttosto che come un autonomo segmento di storia cinese. Studi recenti hanno superato implicitamente questo approccio criticando due date periodizzanti fondamentali per il Novecento cinese: la nascita della Repubblica nazionalista (1911) e la nascita della Repubblica Popolare (1949). A metà tra queste due date, gli anni Venti sono emersi come snodo decisivo nel passaggio da impero a Stato nazionale, durante cui si definì un nuovo spazio di discussione politica. Questo processo, pur interno, subì l’influsso delle strategie internazionali di sovietici e statunitensi dando vita a una nuova visione non soltanto della rivoluzione ma anche dello Stato post-rivoluzionario. Le classi dirigenti nazionalista e comunista, durante la collaborazione, si rivelarono dinamiche e tale “competizione” si trasferì anche all’interno di ciascun movimento diventando un fattore determinante per il successo o il fallimento del partito inteso come moderna formazione politica.
The thesis focuses on the Chinese Nationalist Party in the 1920s as a special standpoint to analyze the political changes in China after the World War I. That decade was crucial for shaping the identity of nationalists and communists. Many works have already examined some aspects, but they mostly considered the years 1919-1928 as a pre-history of the Thirties rather than an autonomous part of Chinese history. Recent studies have overcome this approach by criticizing two of the main periodization in the Chinese twentieth century: the birth of the nationalist Republic (1911) and the birth of the People’s Republic (1949). Halfway, the 1920s stood out as a critical juncture in the transition from empire to nation-state. A new space of political discussion was defined. The process, albeit internal, was under the influence of the USSR and US international strategies and gave birth not only to a new vision of the revolution, but also to a vision of the post-revolutionary state. Also, the nationalist and communist leaderships turned out to be dynamic. That "competition" may be seen also within the two political movements and became a shaping factor for the success or failure of the party as a modern political formation.
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49

CAPISANI, LORENZO MARCO. "La Cina da impero a Stato nazionale: la definizione di uno spazio politico negli anni Venti." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/20588.

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La tesi si concentra sul Partito Nazionalista Cinese negli anni Venti come punto privilegiato di osservazione del cambiamento politico della Cina dopo la Prima guerra mondiale. Questo decennio rappresentò un momento di definizione identitaria sia per i comunisti sia per i nazionalisti. La storiografia ne ha sottolineato numerosi aspetti, ma si è finora occupata del periodo 1919-1928 come una preistoria degli anni Trenta piuttosto che come un autonomo segmento di storia cinese. Studi recenti hanno superato implicitamente questo approccio criticando due date periodizzanti fondamentali per il Novecento cinese: la nascita della Repubblica nazionalista (1911) e la nascita della Repubblica Popolare (1949). A metà tra queste due date, gli anni Venti sono emersi come snodo decisivo nel passaggio da impero a Stato nazionale, durante cui si definì un nuovo spazio di discussione politica. Questo processo, pur interno, subì l’influsso delle strategie internazionali di sovietici e statunitensi dando vita a una nuova visione non soltanto della rivoluzione ma anche dello Stato post-rivoluzionario. Le classi dirigenti nazionalista e comunista, durante la collaborazione, si rivelarono dinamiche e tale “competizione” si trasferì anche all’interno di ciascun movimento diventando un fattore determinante per il successo o il fallimento del partito inteso come moderna formazione politica.
The thesis focuses on the Chinese Nationalist Party in the 1920s as a special standpoint to analyze the political changes in China after the World War I. That decade was crucial for shaping the identity of nationalists and communists. Many works have already examined some aspects, but they mostly considered the years 1919-1928 as a pre-history of the Thirties rather than an autonomous part of Chinese history. Recent studies have overcome this approach by criticizing two of the main periodization in the Chinese twentieth century: the birth of the nationalist Republic (1911) and the birth of the People’s Republic (1949). Halfway, the 1920s stood out as a critical juncture in the transition from empire to nation-state. A new space of political discussion was defined. The process, albeit internal, was under the influence of the USSR and US international strategies and gave birth not only to a new vision of the revolution, but also to a vision of the post-revolutionary state. Also, the nationalist and communist leaderships turned out to be dynamic. That "competition" may be seen also within the two political movements and became a shaping factor for the success or failure of the party as a modern political formation.
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50

Xi, Jia. "Modulation of oleanolic acid dissolution profile via solid state manipulation and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2158690.

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