Relevant bibliographies by topics / Statistics and trade

Academic literature on the topic 'Statistics and trade'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Statistics and trade"

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Brodie, Neil. "Statistics, damned statistics, and the antiquities trade." Antiquity 73, no. 280 (June 1999): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088402.

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The antiquities trade is a rather shady business — and few facts are available. Here Neil Brodie of the Illicit Antiquities Research Centre at Cambridge reviews the facts and figures of the British trade in such goods.
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Eastin, Ivan, and John Perez-Garcia. "Discrepancies in forest products trade statistics." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc791084-6.

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This paper describes the factors that contribute to discrepancies in the trade statistics between partner countries and the extent to which discrepancies occur within the forest products sector. The analysis of the trade data demonstrates that the discrepancy ratio becomes smaller as the degree of processing increases. A statistical analysis found that there was a significant difference between the size of the trade statistics discrepancy ratios between developed and less-developed economies. Finally, the trade statistics were statistically analyzed to establish what might loosely be described as a "normal" range of trade statistics discrepancies. Key words: trade discrepancy, forest products, trade statistics, international trade, bi-lateral trade, trade flows, illegal smuggling
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Charles, Loïc, and Guillaume Daudin. "Eighteenth-Century International Trade Statistics." Revue de l'OFCE 140, no. 4 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.140.0007.

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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Arab trade statistics: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2015.1024488.

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Lauer, Mark J. "Tools of the trade. Statistics." Performance Improvement 44, no. 4 (April 2005): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4140440411.

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Lam, Joy T. L., Heather J. Koldewey, Maï Yasué, and Amanda C. J. Vincent. "Comparing interview and trade data in assessing changes in the seahorse Hippocampus spp. trade following CITES listing." Oryx 50, no. 1 (October 21, 2014): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000246.

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AbstractConcerns regarding the sustainability of the seahorse Hippocampus spp. trade led to their listing on CITES Appendix II in 2002, with implementation in 2004. In 2007 we interviewed wholesale traders of seahorses in Hong Kong, China, seeking indications of the effects of the CITES listing on the seahorse trade. We cross-validated traders’ perspectives with government trade statistics (1998–2007) from Hong Kong and Taiwan. We also compared these data with trade statistics for pipefish, which are related species with similar medicinal uses but are not CITES-listed. Both the interviews and government statistics indicated reduced volumes of seahorses traded through Hong Kong, changes in source countries, and price increases post-implementation. Traders suggested that these changes were largely a result of the CITES listing. However, data indicate that other factors such as shifts in domestic policies and local demand may also have affected the trade. By cross-validating the perspectives of local stakeholders with trade statistics in a wildlife trading hub we were able to explore hypotheses on the local and global impacts of CITES. Such approaches are especially important for CITES-listed species because often there is no single data source that is complete and wholly reliable.
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Mukherjee, Deeparghya. "Services traded for intermediate and final usage." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 459–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2016-0237.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and assess the trends of bilateral services trade in the world segmented by trade for final consumption and intermediate usage across several service sectors. The differential trends, if any, are studied while examining the role of free trade agreements which have a chapter on services trade as well as the role of services trade restrictions. The study unravels differences across service sectors in this respect. Design/methodology/approach The author uses an augmented gravity model to address the above using OECD- World Trade Organization (WTO) TiVA data for bilateral trade in intermediates and final products (October 2015 release) and World Bank Services Trade Restrictions Index (STRI). The poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimation technique is used in light of the structure of the data. Trade creating and diverting effects are identified controlling for time and country-time specific effects. The following sectors are specifically looked at: total business sector services, computer and related services, financial intermediation, post and telecommunication, transport and storage, R&D and other business services, hotels and restaurants, construction, and wholesale and retail trade. Findings First, services free trade agreements (FTAs) have had a trade creating impact with no trade diverting impact for services trade in aggregate with stronger effects on services traded for intermediate usage. Second, financial intermediation and post and telecommunication have been left unaffected by services FTAs. While no trade diversion is concluded for any sector, R&D and other business services, transport and storage and wholesale retail trade show maximum trade creation effects in response to FTAs. Third, trade restrictions of mainly OECD countries are responsible for lowering exports for most sectors. Finally, in terms of policy implications, at a general level, the author does not find a significant difference in the author’s results for services traded for intermediate usage or final consumption except for a stronger effect of FTAs on intermediate services trade. Hence, the policies to foster services trade on both counts are concluded to be the same and deal with behind-the-border policies of domestic industrial policy reforms like national treatment of foreign firms, licensing requirements, FDI policies, etc. Research limitations/implications Statistics for services trade are limited. The data are only available for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Additionally, the conclusions on services trade restrictions are based on statistics for 2011 alone, since this is the only year for which the statistics are available. A complete time series for the entire sample period would increase robustness of the study with a better time variant version of the trade restrictiveness variable. Finally, in the construction of the OECD-WTO-TiVA database of a world IO table, there may have been approximations in constructing statistics for services traded for intermediate usage and final consumption. The results remain sensitive to the same but this is the best possible statistics available for the purposes. Originality/value This is the first study which looks at services trade segmented by trade for final consumption and intermediate usage taking advantage of the available data for a number of service sectors. The role of restrictions is also studied for the first time segmented by trade in intermediates and final consumption. The stronger effects of FTAs on intermediate services trade as well as financial intermediation and post and telecommunication services being insulated from effects of FTAs are important findings, especially since services are mainly thought to be traded for final consumption. Similar trends of results for services traded for intermediate usage and final consumption and restrictions affecting exports from exporter countries and imports by importer countries highlight the importance of behind-the-border domestic policies in facilitating or inhibiting services trade on both counts and more importantly for intermediate usage which, in turn, would improve goods tradability.
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Ico, Ronaldo, and Aiken Tafgar. "The World Ranking of Trade Statistics Accuracy." Global Trade and Customs Journal 11, Issue 2 (February 1, 2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2016009.

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In this paper, we construct an accuracy index of trade statistics compiled by customs offices worldwide, based on established methodology from studies. The score or ranking of trade statistics accuracy is interesting for trade and customs officials. In addition, the accuracy of trade statistics can be viewed as a proxy to the quality of trade or customs governance. Therefore, we believe our indicators hold the potential to improve both policy and research on trade and customs. First, the trade statistics accuracy score can be a useful tool in assessing the progress of trade and customs reform because it reflects the ‘real’ status of trade and customs governance – unlike some surveys which tend to suffer perception problems. Second, with our new indicators, we are able to assess the true impact of trade and customs governance on economic and trade performance.
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Fertő, Imre, and Attila Károly Soós. "Treating trade statistics inaccuracies: the case of intra-industry trade." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 18 (December 17, 2009): 1861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701719512.

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Yasui, Tadashi. "The Unreliability of Merchandise Trade Statistics." Global Trade and Customs Journal 13, Issue 6 (June 1, 2018): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2018027.

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This article contends that merchandise trade statistics are insufficiently reliable for accurate economic analysis and informed trade policy decisions. The official trade figures analysed for this article appear to be significantly overvalued. Re-exports combined with re-imports caused both world import and export data to be exaggerated by as much as 20%. Import data was further inflated, and bilateral export data was unreliable even between developed countries. Compared with official figures, the article’s case study estimates that the US merchandise trade deficit is nearly 20% less with China, nearly double with Mexico, and over triple with Canada.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statistics and trade"

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Shiptsova, Rimma O. "Linkages among agricultural trade, development, and the demographic transition /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487953567771918.

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Smit, Steven. "The Impact of the Carry Trade on Global Currency Markets." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30991.

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This work analyses the effect of the carry trade factor, statistically derived from a comprehensive basket of currencies, on currencies in various heuristically defined global risk appetite regimes. Findings of a heightened (lessened) impact of this factor for Emerging/Commodity (Developed/European) currencies in the presence of high risk are presented. The risk appetite process is additionally analysed by modelling it as a Markov-switching model, providing evidence of three inherent regimes, with properties roughly consistent with findings in the literature.
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Jägerstedt, Hannes. "Seasonal Adjustment of Weekly Trade Data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445075.

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The main objective of this paper is to equip the trade policy analyst with an appropriate method of seasonally adjusting trade data with weekly observations. To that end, a structural time series model containing a trend, seasonal and irregular component is specified. The seasonal component is represented by a time-varying periodic spline. Casting the model in state-space form enables time-varying parameters as well as use of the powerful Kalman filter for trend estimation. The resulting trend can then be interpreted as a seasonally adjusted series. A simulation exercise shows that the correct trend is identified with an average absolute error of 0.4 percent. An application to Swedish imports during 2017-2021 shows that the model produces a reasonable trend estimate when applied in 'real-time' and that its application is preferred to smoothing the series using a simple moving average.
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Foley, Michael. "An Exploratory Statistical Analysis of NASDAQ Provided Trade Data." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/295.

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Since Benoit Mandelbrot's discovery of the fractal nature of financial price series, the quantitative analysis of financial markets has been an area of increasing interest for scientists, traders, and regulators. Further, major technological advances over this time have facilitated not only financial innovations, but also the computational ability to analyze and model markets. The stylized facts are qualitative statistical signatures of financial market data that hold true across different stocks and over many different timescales. In pursuit of a mechanistic understanding of markets, we look to accurately quantify such statistics. With this quantification, we can test computational market models against the stylized facts and run controlled experiments. This requires both discovery of new stylized facts, and a persistent testing of old stylized facts on new data. Using NASDAQ provided data covering the years 2008-2009, we analyze the trades of 120 stocks. An analysis of the stylized facts guides our exploration of the data, where our results corroborate other findings in the existing body of literature. In addition, we search for statistical indicators of market instability in our data sets. We find promising areas for further study, and obtain three key results. Throughout our sample data, high frequency trading plays a larger role in rapid price changes of all sizes than would be randomly expected, but plays a smaller role than usual during rapid price changes of large magnitude. Our analysis also yields further evidence of the long term persistence in the autocorrelations of signed order flow, as well as evidence of long range dependence in price returns.
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Li, Yating. "Currency crash risk in the carry trade." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8393/.

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This thesis provides a systematic study of currency crash risk and funding liquidity risk in carry trade strategy in the foreign exchange (FX) market. Carry trade, which involves longing currencies with high interest rate and shorting currencies with low interest rate, is a popular currency trading strategy in the FX market for obtaining annualized excess return as high as 12%. This thesis studies exchange rates of 9 currencies over 13 years from a microstructure perspective. We identify a global skewness factor and use it to measure the currency crash risk. Applying a portfolio approach in cross-sectional asset pricing, we find that global skewness factor explains more than 80% of carry trade excess returns. On the other hand, funding liquidity is effective in predicting the future currency crash risk. Funding liquidity explains more than 70% of carry trade excess returns. We also use the coefficient of price impact from customer order flows to measure the liquidity, which reveals heterogeneous information content possessed by different types of customers. We find that the order flow implied liquidity risk factor can explain a fraction of carry trade excess returns but with small risk premium on quarterly basis. We provide empirical evidence to show that the excess return and crash risk in carry trade is endogenous; i.e., the crash risk premium is inherent in carry trade process. As the natural condition widely affects all investors, we argue that funding constraints are effective in explaining the excess returns of carry trade. When capital moves smoothly in a liquid condition and investor have sufficient funding supply, carry trade is prosperous in the FX market. When investors hit their funding constraints, market-wide liquidity drop, which force the carry trade positions diminishing. The exchange rates respond as that the low interest rate currencies appreciate and high interest rate currencies depreciate, which exacerbates currency crash risk and induces large loss to carry traders. Our cross-sectional analysis provides empirical evidence to show that funding constraints helps to explain the forward premium puzzle and push the exchange rate shift back to the direction the UIP expects.
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Kazungu, Khatibu. "Trade liberalization and the structure of production in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/625/.

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This thesis explores the role of trade and trade liberalization policies on Tanzanian economy with special focus on the performance of agricultural sector. In terms of methodology, we first use parametric and non-parametric tests to evaluate the impact of liberalization policies on the growth rate of exports. Secondly, we use ordinary least square and instrumental variable to test the “inverse relationship hypothesis” and then we estimate the effect of liberalization on land productivity. We also extend this analysis to Uganda in order to ascertain whether similar findings could be replicated in other developing countries. Thirdly, we employ the co-integration technique to evaluate the effects of openness on economic growth. The parametric and non-parametric tests shows that: despite the marked variation in the composition of traditional exports especially during the late 1990s; largely from coffee and cotton to cashewnuts and tobacco, the contribution of trade liberalization in fostering export growth is rather weak. Second, although the volume of food crops during the post reform period is much higher than before the reforms, there are no symptoms of increased growth overtime. The empirical evidence from econometric analysis shows the existence of diminishing returns to land in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, the impact of trade liberalization on land productivity is mixed; while in some traditional exports its impact is negative and significant, in others the impact is positive but not significant. Contrary to the conventional wisdom as documented in the traditional theories of comparative advantage, the problem with Tanzanian agriculture is not related to the land size but low productivity. Interestingly, these results are also replicated in the Ugandan case. The cointegration analysis shows that the share of trade to GDP is negatively correlated with economic growth. In general, the contribution of this thesis has wider implications in the development policy, at least for the case of Tanzania and other developing countries. First, trade liberalization policies are counterproductive unless diminishing returns to land is squarely addressed. Secondly, the existence of diminishing returns to land is incompatible with the simple prediction of the theory of comparative advantage. The presumption behind trade liberalization is that specialization according to the “comparative advantage” doctrine would inevitably enhance increased productivity (i.e., efficiency). Our results do not conform to this presumption. Third, diminishing returns means that as production increases with international specialization, every additional unit of commodity produced would be more expensive to produce. Fourth, the persistence of diminishing returns to land is incompatible with poverty reduction.
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Mysyk, Jessica Marie. "Supply Chain Operations Planning in a Carbon Cap and Trade Market." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1587675401823912.

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Bjarnason, Halldor. "The foreign trade of Iceland, 1870-1914 : an analysis of trade statistics and a survey of its implications for the Icelandic economy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390736.

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Dufour, Alfonso. "Essays on the econometrics of inter-trade durations and market liquidity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9944222.

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Wang, Tengyao. "Spectral methods and computational trade-offs in high-dimensional statistical inference." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/260825.

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Spectral methods have become increasingly popular in designing fast algorithms for modern highdimensional datasets. This thesis looks at several problems in which spectral methods play a central role. In some cases, we also show that such procedures have essentially the best performance among all randomised polynomial time algorithms by exhibiting statistical and computational trade-offs in those problems. In the first chapter, we prove a useful variant of the well-known Davis{Kahan theorem, which is a spectral perturbation result that allows us to bound of the distance between population eigenspaces and their sample versions. We then propose a semi-definite programming algorithm for the sparse principal component analysis (PCA) problem, and analyse its theoretical performance using the perturbation bounds we derived earlier. It turns out that the parameter regime in which our estimator is consistent is strictly smaller than the consistency regime of a minimax optimal (yet computationally intractable) estimator. We show through reduction from a well-known hard problem in computational complexity theory that the difference in consistency regimes is unavoidable for any randomised polynomial time estimator, hence revealing subtle statistical and computational trade-offs in this problem. Such computational trade-offs also exist in the problem of restricted isometry certification. Certifiers for restricted isometry properties can be used to construct design matrices for sparse linear regression problems. Similar to the sparse PCA problem, we show that there is also an intrinsic gap between the class of matrices certifiable using unrestricted algorithms and using polynomial time algorithms. Finally, we consider the problem of high-dimensional changepoint estimation, where we estimate the time of change in the mean of a high-dimensional time series with piecewise constant mean structure. Motivated by real world applications, we assume that changes only occur in a sparse subset of all coordinates. We apply a variant of the semi-definite programming algorithm in sparse PCA to aggregate the signals across different coordinates in a near optimal way so as to estimate the changepoint location as accurately as possible. Our statistical procedure shows superior performance compared to existing methods in this problem.
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Books on the topic "Statistics and trade"

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Canada. Dept. of External Affairs., ed. Canada's trade statistics. Ottawa, Ontario: External Affairs Canada, 1987.

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United States. International Trade Administration., ed. Country trade statistics. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce. International Trade Administration, 1985.

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Canada. Department of External Affairs. Canada's trade statistics. Ottawa: Department of External Affairs, 1988.

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West, Loraine A. Reconciling China's trade statistics. Washington, D.C: International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995.

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Office, United Nations Statistical. International trade statistics yearbook. New York: United Nations, 1992.

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Consultants, Drewry Shipping, ed. Shipping trade: Trends & statistics. London: Drewry Shipping Consultants, 1992.

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Institute, Maniben Kara, ed. Statistics for trade unions. Bombay: Maniben Kara Institute, 1989.

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Office, United Nations Statistical, ed. International trade statistics yearbook. New York: United Nations., 1985.

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). International trade statistics, 1993. Belgium: GATT, 1993.

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Unknown. International Trade Statistics 2008. S.I: World trade organization, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Statistics and trade"

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Dijkstra, Jan B. "TRADE Regression." In Computational Statistics, 453–58. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26811-7_62.

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Kpedekpo, G. M. K., and P. L. Arya. "External Trade Statistics." In Social and Economic Statistics for Africa, 195–206. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003470533-11.

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Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics, 499–653. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24069-2_5.

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Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics, 418–525. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13071-9_5.

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Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics, 569–670. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14735-9_5.

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Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics, 515–669. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14738-0_5.

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Nelson, Christopher. "Mirror Statistics." In Methods of Strategic Trade Analysis, 75–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20036-6_7.

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Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics Europe 1750–1988, 551–652. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12791-7_5.

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"Global Trade Statistics." In Trading Economics, 195–225. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118766293.ch7.

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Touwen, Jeroen. "Computerizing Trade Statistics." In Extremes in the Archipelago, 341–44. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004490680_015.

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Conference papers on the topic "Statistics and trade"

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Huaiqin Jia and Zhenqian Wu. "The interdiscipline of electronic commerce statistics and international trade statistics." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010933.

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Zarrouk, Tayeb, Romain Couillet, Florent Chatelain, and Nicolas Le Bihan. "Performance-Complexity Trade-Off in Large Dimensional Statistics." In 2020 IEEE 30th International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp49062.2020.9231568.

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Bobowski, Sebastian. "An insight into trade patterns in HDD industry between CPTPP countries." In International Days of Statistics and Economics 2019. Libuše Macáková, MELANDRIUM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2019.los.186.17.

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Jiang, Suping, Biqing Li, and Zhao Li. "Analysis on Key Points of Foreign Trade English Correspondence Translation." In 2017 International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics (ICEFS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefs-17.2017.61.

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WU, Zhengcheng. "Trade credit in the Chinese Economy: An analysis of Listed Companies." In 2017 International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics (ICEFS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefs-17.2017.31.

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Wang, Pengliang. "Time series analysis of China's service trade based on ARIMA model." In 2017 International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics (ICEFS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefs-17.2017.47.

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Apak, Sudi, and Selin Kozan. "The Impact of Ukraine Crisis's on Turkey and Ukraine’s Economic Relationship." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01262.

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After the breakup of the Soviet Union and independence declaration of Ukraine in 1991, as in the other Soviet countries, Ukraine has left a heavy industrial based economy with an insufficient technology. Trade relations with Turkey gained momentum in 2004 and has continued its growing until today. This trade relationship has a complementary role and mostly based on intermediate good export. Turkey is the second largest export volume partner of Ukraine and providing the largest trade surplus for Ukraine. Ukraine economy is very sensitive to foreign trade fluctuations, therefore in the 2009 global crisis, Turkey’s trade volume with Ukraine declined more than two times. In 2014, military conflict in the East, Russian trade restrictions, the Hryvnia depreciation and tight fiscal austerity measures have exacerbated the existing macroeconomic challenges of Ukraine and pushed the country into its deepest recession since 2009. This study analyses the Ukraine crisis effects on its economic situation and effects on the Turkey and Ukraine’s economic relationship by using statistical methods. Data sources are: National Bank of Ukraine, State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Trade Statistics for International Business Development, National Bank of Turkey, Turkish Exporters Assembly, Turkish Statistical Institute. Turkey, as a country has earned trusts of both Ukraine and Russia, is able to lead a peacekeeping force in Ukraine. Furthermore, Turkey should evaluate the possibilities to provide a credit line to Ukraine and it would be useful for Turkey to search the other markets and trade conditions as well.
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Fynchina, Khicheza. "Development of Trade Relations of the Kyrgyz Republic with Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02454.

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The progressive development of the economy of each country in the context of globalization is to a large extent determined by its foreign trade activities. Individual entrepreneurship of the Kyrgyz Republic was the locomotive for the development of trade cooperation with many countries of the far abroad, among which Turkey is one of the leaders. Sources of research: statistical data. The main methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, logical sequence. Key findings: The participation of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) contributed to the revival of trade relations of the Kyrgyzstan with the EAEU members and other countries. The structure of foreign trade has improved: leading export growth compared to import growth. The pace of development of foreign trade relations shows that the participation of Kyrgyzstan in the EAEU is not a deterrent to its integration into the world trade community. The production orientation of imports from Turkey and China showed the basis for restoring the production potential of the light industry of Kyrgyzstan. An analysis of official data on foreign trade of Kyrgyzstan and mirror statistics of key partner countries revealed the problem of the presence of inaccuracy in the statistics of foreign trade of Kyrgyzstan and possible budget losses. The principles of building a new relationship between a man and society under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic will be based on the rationalization of consumption and production. This will be the basis for the restoration and development of foreign trade of the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Pebay, Philippe, David Thompson, and Janine Bennett. "Computing Contingency Statistics in Parallel: Design Trade-Offs and Limiting Cases." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cluster.2010.43.

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Pişkin, Erhan. "The Matter of Trade Survival." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01879.

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Besedes and Prusa (2006a-b) reveal that international trade relationships are often very short-lived contrary to previously thoughts. In line with this unexpected result, this study provides a statistical description and empirical analysis of the duration of Turkish exports. Specifically, Kaplan-Meier survival function is used to estimate the survival of trade flows over time and also a regression analysis using discrete-time duration models which allow us to properly control for unobserved heterogeneity and the presence of many tied duration times is used to explore the impact of key variables on hazard rates of export flows. The detailed trade data reported by BACI-CEPII are employed to analyze Turkey's export to European Union countries from 1998 to 2013 according to the 6-digit Harmonized system. Results obtained from the analysis of descriptive statistics suggest that the duration of Turkey’s export to European Union countries is short-lived. The median and mean duration of Turkey's exports are merely two years and 4.26, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival functions show that all survival curves are downward sloping with decreasing rate and about 40% of export relationships fails in the first year. The results of the discrete-time duration models indicate that product-market diversification, common language, total exports, initial value, importer GDP and lagged duration have a strong negative impact on the hazard rates of export flows. Whereas distance, common border and difference in GDP per capita have a positive effect on the hazard rates of export flows.
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Reports on the topic "Statistics and trade"

1

Howard, James L. U.S. Timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics 1965-1997. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-116.

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Howard, James L. U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics, 1963-1994. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-98.

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3

Howard, James L., and Rebecca M. Westby. U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965-2011. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-676.

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4

Howard, James L., and Kwameka C. Jones. U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Price Statistics, 1965-2013. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-679.

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Howard, James L., and Shaobo Liang. U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics, 1965-2017. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-701.

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Wang, Zhi, Mark Gehlhar, and Shunli Yao. Reconciling Trade Statistics from China, Hong Kong and Their Major Trading Partners--A Mathematical Programming Approach. GTAP Technical Paper, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp27.

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This paper develops a mathematical programming model to simultaneously estimate re-export markups and reconcile bilateral trade statistics between China, Hong Kong, and their trading partners. The model is applied to sector level trade flows to resolve discrepant reporting in an efficient manner. Adjustments in trade flows are based upon statistical reporters’ reliability information. The program is implemented in GAMS and retains many desirable theoretical and empirical properties. Estimates are used for generating trade flows and markups for Hong Kong’s re-exports used in the forthcoming version 7 GTAP database. The model’s flexibility has potential for expanded use in other regions where re-exports and associated markup cause discrepant trade flows.
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7

Howard, James L. U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics 1965 to 2005. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-637.

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8

Shearer, Matthew, Christopher Vignoles, and Anneke Jessen. Suriname: Trade Sector Policy Note. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008399.

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This paper provides an overview of Suriname's trade sector and, based on an assessment of the sector's performance, presents policy recommendations, so that becomes a useful tool for improving the country's economic growth and development prospects. The paper suggests that Suriname's primary objective in this area should be to maximize the benefits and mitigate the costs of trade liberalization. To achieve this, the country should focus on eight strategic areas related to trade: defining and adopting a trade strategy, strengthening trade-related institutions, improving public-private sector coordination, enhancing the regulatory framework, improving the quality and coverage of statistics, expanding access for Surinamese products in international markets, boosting domestic supply conditions, and supporting export diversification.
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Bouillon, César P. Inequality and Mexico's Labor Market after Trade Reform. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011338.

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The main purpose of this paper is to measure the contributions of the changes in the labor market to the increase in inequality experienced by Mexico after the 1985 trade and financial liberalization. To do so, the paper uses data from Mexican household surveys (Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares de México) produced by the Mexican Institute for Statistics, Geography and Informatics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática) for 1984 and 1994. The paper applies a counterfactual methodology to measure the effects on inequality of changes in labor force participation, unemployment, structure of employment, and mean labor income by economic sector and education level.
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10

Villoria, Nelson B. Estimation of Missing Intra-African Trade. GTAP Research Memoranda, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm12.

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Missing trade is defined as the exports and imports that may have taken place between two potential trading partners, but which are unknown to the researcher because neither partner reported them to the United Nation’s COMTRADE, the official global repository of trade statistics. In a comprehensive sample of African countries, over 40% of the potential trade flows fit this definition. For a continent whose trade integration remains an important avenue for development, this lack of information hinders the analysis of policy mechanisms -- such as the Economic Partnership Agreements with the EU -- that influence intra-regional trade patterns. This paper estimates the likely magnitude of the missing trade by modeling the manufacturing trade data in the GTAP Data Base using a gravity approach. The gravity approach employed here relates bilateral trade to country size, distance, and other trade costs while explicitly considering that high fixed costs can totally inhibit trade. This last feature provides an adequate framework to explain the numerous zero-valued flows that characterize intra-African trade. The predicted missing exports are valued at approximately 300 million USD. The incidence of missing trade is highest in the lowest income countries of Central and West Africa.
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