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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statistical hypotheses testing'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Cho, Jin Seo. "Three essays on testing hypotheses with irregular conditions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071015.

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2

Zhang, Jian. "Bayesian multiple hypotheses testing with quadratic criterion." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0016/document.

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Le problème de détection et localisation d’anomalie peut être traité comme le problème du test entre des hypothèses multiples (THM) dans le cadre bayésien. Le test bayésien avec la fonction de perte 0−1 est une solution standard pour ce problème, mais les hypothèses alternatives pourraient avoir une importance tout à fait différente en pratique. La fonction de perte 0−1 ne reflète pas cette réalité tandis que la fonction de perte quadratique est plus appropriée. L’objectif de cette thèse est la conception d’un test bayésien avec la fonction de perte quadratique ainsi que son étude asymptotique. La construction de ce test est effectuée en deux étapes. Dans la première étape, un test bayésien avec la fonction de perte quadratique pour le problème du THM sans l’hypothèse de base est conçu et les bornes inférieures et supérieures des probabilités de classification erronée sont calculées. La deuxième étape construit un test bayésien pour le problème du THM avec l’hypothèse de base. Les bornes inférieures et supérieures des probabilités de fausse alarme, des probabilités de détection manquée, et des probabilités de classification erronée sont calculées. A partir de ces bornes, l’équivalence asymptotique entre le test proposé et le test standard avec la fonction de perte 0−1 est étudiée. Beaucoup d’expériences de simulation et une expérimentation acoustique ont illustré l’efficacité du nouveau test statistique
The anomaly detection and localization problem can be treated as a multiple hypotheses testing (MHT) problem in the Bayesian framework. The Bayesian test with the 0−1 loss function is a standard solution for this problem, but the alternative hypotheses have quite different importance in practice. The 0−1 loss function does not reflect this fact while the quadratic loss function is more appropriate. The objective of the thesis is the design of a Bayesian test with the quadratic loss function and its asymptotic study. The construction of the test is made in two steps. In the first step, a Bayesian test with the quadratic loss function for the MHT problem without the null hypothesis is designed and the lower and upper bounds of the misclassification probabilities are calculated. The second step constructs a Bayesian test for the MHT problem with the null hypothesis. The lower and upper bounds of the false alarm probabilities, the missed detection probabilities as well as the misclassification probabilities are calculated. From these bounds, the asymptotic equivalence between the proposed test and the standard one with the 0-1 loss function is studied. A lot of simulation and an acoustic experiment have illustrated the effectiveness of the new statistical test

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3

Fox, Gerardus Johannes Andre. "Multilevel IRT: a Bayesian perspective on estimating parameters and testing statistical hypotheses." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2001. http://doc.utwente.nl/58675.

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4

Seid, Hamid Jemila. "New residuals in multivariate bilinear models : testing hypotheses, diagnosing models and validating model assumptions /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200583.pdf.

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5

An, Qian. "A Monte Carlo study of several alpha-adjustment procedures using a testing multiple hypotheses in factorial anova." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1269439475.

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6

Occhipinti, Rossana. "In Silico Testing of Hypotheses for Brain Energy Metabolism with New Computational Models within a Statistical Framework." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244144388.

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7

An, Qian. "A Monte Carlo Study of Several Alpha-Adjustment Procedures Used in Testing Multiple Hypotheses in Factorial Anova." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1269439475.

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8

Hardy, James C. (James Clifford). "A Monte Carlo Study of the Robustness and Power Associated with Selected Tests of Variance Equality when Distributions are Non-Normal and Dissimilar in Form." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332130/.

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When selecting a method for testing variance equality, a researcher should select a method which is robust to distribution non-normality and dissimilarity. The method should also possess sufficient power to ascertain departures from the equal variance hypothesis. This Monte Carlo study examined the robustness and power of five tests of variance equality under specific conditions. The tests examined included one procedure proposed by O'Brien (1978), two by O'Brien (1979), and two by Conover, Johnson, and Johnson (1981). Specific conditions included assorted combinations of the following factors: k=2 and k=3 groups, normal and non-normal distributional forms, similar and dissimilar distributional forms, and equal and unequal sample sizes. Under the k=2 group condition, a total of 180 combinations were examined. A total of 54 combinations were examined under the k=3 group condition. The Type I error rates and statistical power estimates were based upon 1000 replications in each combination examined. Results of this study suggest that when sample sizes are relatively large, all five procedures are robust to distribution non-normality and dissimilarity, as well as being sufficiently powerful.

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9

Jeng, Tian-Tzer. "Some contributions to asymptotic theory on hypothesis testing when the model is misspecified /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636473942.

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10

Williams, Elliot. "Essays in multiple comparison testing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112194.

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11

Wang, Yishi. "Some new tests for normality." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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12

Bauer, Laura L. "Hypothesis testing procedures for non-nested regression models." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74755.

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Theory often indicates that a given response variable should be a function of certain explanatory variables yet fails to provide meaningful information as to the specific form of this function. To test the validity of a given functional form with sensitivity toward the feasible alternatives, a procedure is needed for comparing non-nested families of hypotheses. Two hypothesized models are said to be non-nested when one model is neither a restricted case nor a limiting approximation of the other. These non-nested hypotheses cannot be tested using conventional likelihood ratio procedures. In recent years, however, several new approaches have been developed for testing non-nested regression models. A comprehensive review of the procedures for the case of two linear regression models was presented. Comparisons between these procedures were made on the basis of asymptotic distributional properties, simulated finite sample performance and computational ease. A modification to the Fisher and McAleer JA-test was proposed and its properties investigated. As a compromise between the JA-test and the Orthodox F-test, it was shown to have an exact non-null distribution. Its properties, both analytically and empirically derived, exhibited the practical worth of such an adjustment. A Monte Carlo study of the testing procedures involving non-nested linear regression models in small sample situations (n ≤ 40) provided information necessary for the formulation of practical guidelines. It was evident that the modified Cox procedure, N̄ , was most powerful for providing correct inferences. In addition, there was strong evidence to support the use of the adjusted J-test (AJ) (Davidson and MacKinnon's test with small-sample modifications due to Godfrey and Pesaran), the modified JA-test (NJ) and the Orthodox F-test for supplemental information. Under non normal disturbances, similar results were yielded. An empirical study of spending patterns for household food consumption provided a practical application of the non-nested procedures in a large sample setting. The study provided not only an example of non-nested testing situations but also the opportunity to draw sound inferences from the test results.
Ph. D.

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13

Miyanishi, Masako. "Essays on hypothesis testing in the presence of nearly integrated variables." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3222053.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 20, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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14

Taneja, Atrayee. "New approaches to testing a composite null hypothesis for the two sample binomial problem /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583622319.

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15

Li, Longzhuang. "Statistical methods for performance evaluation and their applications /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060118.

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16

Huang, Meng. "Essays on testing conditional independence." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3365786.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 11, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-136).

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17

Liu, Yanping. "NEW APPROACHES TO MULTIPLE TESTING OF GROUPED HYPOTHESES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/376210.

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Statistics
Ph.D.
Testing multiple hypotheses appearing in non-overlapping groups is a common statistical problem in many modern scientific investigations, with this group formation occurring naturally in many of these investigations. The goal of this dissertation is to explore the current state of knowledge in the area of multiple testing of grouped hypotheses and to present newer and improved statistical methodologies. As the first part of this dissertation, we propose a new Bayesian two-stage multiple testing method controlling false discovery rate (FDR) across all hypotheses. The method decomposes a posterior measure of false discoveries across all hypotheses into within- and between-group components allowing a portion of the overall FDR level to be used to maintain control over within groupfalse discoveries. Such within-group FDR control eﬀectively captures the group structure as well as the dependence, if any, within the groups. The procedure can maintain a tight control over the overall FDR,as shown numerically under two diﬀerent model assumptions, independent and Markov dependent Bernoulli’s, for the hidden states of the within-group hypotheses. The proposed method in its oracle form is optimal at both within-and between-group levels of its application. We also present a data driven version of the proposed method whose performance in terms of FDR control and power relative to its relevant competitors is examined through simulations. We apply this Bayesian method to a real data application, which is the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) study data of California elementary schools (2013) comparing the academic performance for socioeconomically advantaged (SEA) versus socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) students, and our method has more meaningful discoveries than two other competing methods existing in the literature. The second part of the dissertation is geared towards making contribution to the outstanding problem of developing an FDR controlling frequentist method for multiple testing of grouped hypotheses, which can serve not only as an extension of the classical Benjamini -Hochberg (BH, 1995) method from single to multiple groups but also can be more powerful due to the underlying group structure. We suggest a number of such methods and examine their performances in comparison with the single-group BH method mainly based on simulations. Some possible future directions of research in the proposed area are discussed at the end of this dissertation.
Temple University--Theses

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18

Hahn, Georg. "Statistical methods for Monte-Carlo based multiple hypothesis testing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25279.

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Statistical hypothesis testing is a key technique to perform statistical inference. The main focus of this work is to investigate multiple testing under the assumption that the analytical p-values underlying the tests for all hypotheses are unknown. Instead, we assume that they can be approximated by drawing Monte Carlo samples under the null. The first part of this thesis focuses on the computation of test results with a guarantee on their correctness, that is decisions on multiple hypotheses which are identical to the ones obtained with the unknown p-values. We present MMCTest, an algorithm to implement a multiple testing procedure which yields correct decisions on all hypotheses (up to a pre-specified error probability) based solely on Monte Carlo simulation. MMCTest offers novel ways to evaluate multiple hypotheses as it allows to obtain the (previously unknown) correct decision on hypotheses (for instance, genes) in real data studies (again up to an error probability pre-specified by the user). The ideas behind MMCTest are generalised in a framework for Monte Carlo based multiple testing, demonstrating that existing methods giving no guarantees on their test results can be modified to yield certain theoretical guarantees on the correctness of their outputs. The second part deals with multiple testing from a practical perspective. We assume that in practice, it might also be desired to sacrifice the additional computational effort needed to obtain guaranteed decisions and to invest it instead in the computation of a more accurate ad-hoc test result. This is attempted by QuickMMCTest, an algorithm which adaptively allocates more samples to hypotheses whose decisions are more prone to random fluctuations, thereby achieving an improved accuracy. This work also derives the optimal allocation of a finite number of samples to finitely many hypotheses under a normal approximation, where the optimal allocation is understood as the one minimising the expected number of erroneously classified hypotheses (with respect to the classification based on the analytical p-values). An empirical comparison of the optimal allocation of samples to the one computed by QuickMMCTest indicates that the behaviour of QuickMMCTest might not be too far away from being optimal.

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19

Smith, Toni Michelle. "An investigation into student understanding of statistical hypothesis testing." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8565.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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20

Širjovová, Zuzana. "Statistické zpracování dat o zmetkovitosti reálného procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229693.

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Quality, as well as stability of processes check is nowadays gaining on its significance. The main driving force of its increasing importance is the rapid expansion of series production. Large-scale manufacturing processes are concerned, in terms of the number of operators, direct and indirect influence on rejects, but also on process stability. There are several quality characteristics, defined by utility properties, that can be easily measurable (linear dimensions, solidity, elongation, humidity, concentration) or directly immeasurable, mostly subjective (fragrance, taste, color, comfort while using, appearance). Statistical Process Control-SPC features the preventive tool of quality control, because based on the early detection of significant divergences of the process from the predetermined level, it is possible to execute interventions in the process with the aim of maintaining the acceptable and stable level and improving the process. This manufacturing process check will be the topic of my thesis. At first, Shewhart's control charts analysis will be done to determine strong process instability. Consequently, analysis will be carried out in test chi-square, used to determine the influence of each factor on the process of stability (operators, type of shift, type of product, type of defect on the product). All the practical part will be processed in statistical software MINITAB15. The thesis will be complemented by the findings from the examination of the features of interval estimates of parameter p for binomial distribution - numeric stability in the various statistical software (specifically Minitab 15, Statistica, Matlab 7.8.0). Master's thesis was supported by project from MSMT of the Czech Republic no. 1M06047 Center for Quality and Reliability of Production.

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21

Sheng, Ru. "A Bayesian analysis of hypothesis testing problems with skewed alternatives." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/23.

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22

Kuzmak, Barbara Rose. "A comparison of the performance of several solutions to the Behrens-Fisher problem." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9924.

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23

Gabriel, Joseph R. "Invariant hypothesis testing with applications in signal processing /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3135904.

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24

Mukherjee, Rajarshi. "Statistical Inference for High Dimensional Problems." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11516.

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In this dissertation, we study minimax hypothesis testing in high-dimensional regression against sparse alternatives and minimax estimation of average treatment effect in an semiparametric regression with possibly large number of covariates.

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25

Lok, Wing-sze. "Statistical depth functions and depth-based robustness diagnosis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34838260.

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26

Lok, Wing-sze, and 駱穎思. "Statistical depth functions and depth-based robustness diagnosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34838260.

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27

Pan, Jianhong. "A unified theory of hypothesis testing based on rankings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9716.

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A unified theory of hypothesis testing based on the ranks of the data is proposed. A hypothesis testing problem often gives rise to two separate permutation sets corresponding to the data and to the alternative, respectively. By defining the distance between permutation sets as the average of all distances between pairs of permutations, one from each set, it is possible to obtain various test statistics. The limiting distributions of test statistics derived by the unified approach herein are obtained under both the null hypothesis and contiguous alternatives. The unified approach produces not only some well-known test statistics but also some new yet plausible test statistics. The corresponding results are extensions of the simple linear rank statistics defined by Hajek and Sidak (1967) to the generalized linear rank statistics and of the two-sample case to the multi-sample case. Furthermore, a combined method was developed for the case of composite alternatives.

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28

Lains, João Luís da Silva. "Testing the random walk hypothesis with variance ratio statistics." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11801.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de passeio aleatório na curva das yields relativa ás obrigações do tesouro dos Estados Unidos da América para o period entre 1980 e 2014. Para alcançar este objetivo e após revisão da literatura foram efectuados testes de variância e de raiz unitária considerados os mais indicados e poderosos. Os dados necessários para a realização deste estudo foram recolhidos tendo por base um estudo da Reserva Federal dos Estados Unidos da América, que efectua cálculo das yields desde 1961 até ao presente. O método escolhido para obter os resultados referentes à raiz unitária foi o Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test e para os testes de variância foram usados: Chow Denning (1993) multiple variance test, Joint wright multiple version of Wrights rank and sign tests e Choi (1999) Automatic Variance ratio. A amostra inclui mais de 8000 observações para cada uma das yields estudadas(1,5,10 e 20 anos Zero-Coupon e Par Yields) durante um período de 34 anos. Os resultados permitiram a detecção de diversos periodos em que o passeio aleatório nas yields das obrigações do tesouro Norte-Americano é real mas também outros em que isso não se verificou. Para isso efectuámos uma análise comparativa entre os resultados dos testes de variância e eventos marcantes na economia americana entres os quais decidimos destacar 3 períodos: a década de 80, a expansao económica dos anos 90 até inicio do século XXI e o pós-crise de 2008 onde é implementado o quantitative Easing.
The random-walk hypothesis in the U.S. treasury yield curve was not previous studied and is surprising that researchers do not filled that void by testing it. However, the U.S treasury securities market is a benchmark, as the U.S treasury is considered to be risk-free. This benchmark is used to forecast economic development, to analyse securities in other markets, to price other fixed-income securities and to hedge positions taken in other markets. This study applies Chow Denning (1993) multiple variance test, Joint wright multiple version of Wright?s rank and sign tests, Choi (1999) Automatic Variance ratio Test and we also use the well-known Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit roots test to enable us to define the methodology to be used in the study. The database used permits the estimation of relative daily variation on U.S. treasury yield curve from January 1980 to December 2014. We hope that this analysis can provide useful information to traders and investors and will make a contribution in assisting to understand the pattern and behaviour of yields movement.

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29

Gutzeit, Maurilio [Verfasser], and Alexandra [Gutachter] Carpentier. "Topics in statistical minimax hypothesis testing / Maurilio Gutzeit ; Gutachter: Alexandra Carpentier." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220036242/34.

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Chen, Andrew H. (Andrew Hwa-Fen). "Robustness of Parametric and Nonparametric Tests When Distances between Points Change on an Ordinal Measurement Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278300/.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect on parametric and nonparametric tests using ordinal data when the distances between points changed on the measurement scale. The research examined the performance of Type I and Type II error rates using selected parametric and nonparametric tests.

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31

Ragusa, Giuseppe. "Essays on moment conditions models econometrics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170252.

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32

Begum, Nelufa 1967. "A new class of hypothesis tests which maximize average power." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5506.

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33

Datar, Satyajit V. "Hypothesis Testing for the Process Capability Ratio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1040054409.

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34

Glore, Mary Lee. "The Threshold Prior in Bayesian Hypothesis Testing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416570546.

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Swanson, David Michael. "Hypothesis Testing in GWAS and Statistical Issues with Compensation in Clinical Trials." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10909.

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We first show theoretically and in simulation how power varies as a function of SNP correlation structure with currently-implemented gene-based testing methods. We propose alternative testing methods whose power does not vary with the correlation structure. We then propose hypothesis tests for detecting prevalence-incidence bias in case-control studies, a bias perhaps overrepresented in GWAS due to currently used study designs. Lastly, we hypothesize how different incentive structures used to keep clinical trial participants in studies may interact with a background of dependent censoring and result in variation in the bias of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve estimator.

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36

Martinez, Silas G. "Aggression and boxing performance: Testing the channeling hypothesis with multiple statistical methodologies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1491929510847969.

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37

Williams, Anne M. "Students' understanding of hypothesis testing in introductory tertiary-level statistics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36611/1/36611_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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The research study investigates students' understanding of hypothesis testing by exploring their conceptual and procedural knowledge of the topic. Eighteen volunteer students from a large introductory service subject in statistics were interviewed three times during their semester of study - at the beginning of the semester, several weeks after their introduction to the topic of hypothesis testing, and after the final exam in the subject. This thesis reports mainly on the results from the third interview, in which students were required to complete a Concept Mapping task and two Hypothesis Testing tasks while talking aloud. On completion of each task, students were interviewed about their responses on these tasks. The focus is on four main concepts (hypothesis, significance level, p-value, significance) and the process of hypothesis testing. Students' protocols were analysed, and three case studies provided a deeper analysis of overall responses. Qualitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The study revealed that while some students had a good understanding of the hypothesis testing concepts and procedures, there were many deficiencies. In particular, students were often unable to define or explain a concept, give an example, or describe its relationships with other concepts. Less than half of the students could complete an Hypothesis Testing task by an approved method, and several solutions were incorrect at the decision step. There was evidence of some problems with statistical notation, and it was found that each procedural step in the hypothesis testing process had the potential to present difficulties. An overriding problem was associated with expressing ideas with statistical accuracy. The case studies showed that the relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge was an interactive one. The relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge was found to be so close that one type of knowledge depended on the other. Metacognition was needed to access the conceptual knowledge, which in turn improved the procedures. This study provides empirical support for the move away from hand-worked hypothesis tests to an emphasis on the development of concepts. From the research, suggestions are offered for teaching with the latter emphasis, and improving students' overall understanding.

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Ramdas, Aaditya Kumar. "Computational and Statistical Advances in Testing and Learning." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/790.

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This thesis makes fundamental computational and statistical advances in testing and estimation, making critical progress in theory and application of classical statistical methods like classification, regression and hypothesis testing, and understanding the relationships between them. Our work connects multiple fields in often counter-intuitive and surprising ways, leading to new theory, new algorithms, and new insights, and ultimately to a cross-fertilization of varied fields like optimization, statistics and machine learning. The first of three thrusts has to do with active learning, a form of sequential learning from feedback-driven queries that often has a provable statistical advantage over passive learning. We unify concepts from two seemingly different areas—active learning and stochastic firstorder optimization. We use this unified view to develop new lower bounds for stochastic optimization using tools from active learning and new algorithms for active learning using ideas from optimization. We also study the effect of feature noise, or errors-in-variables, on the ability to actively learn. The second thrust deals with the development and analysis of new convex optimization algorithms for classification and regression problems. We provide geometrical and convex analytical insights into the role of the margin in margin-based classification, and develop new greedy primal-dual algorithms for non-linear classification. We also develop a unified proof for convergence rates of randomized algorithms for the ordinary least squares and ridge regression problems in a variety of settings, with the purpose of investigating which algorithm should be utilized in different settings. Lastly, we develop fast state-of-the-art numerically stable algorithms for an important univariate regression problem called trend filtering with a wide variety of practical extensions. The last thrust involves a series of practical and theoretical advances in nonparametric hypothesis testing. We show that a smoothedWasserstein distance allows us to connect many vast families of univariate and multivariate two sample tests. We clearly demonstrate the decreasing power of the families of kernel-based and distance-based two-sample tests and independence tests with increasing dimensionality, challenging existing folklore that they work well in high dimensions. Surprisingly, we show that these tests are automatically adaptive to simple alternatives and achieve the same power as other direct tests for detecting mean differences. We discover a computation-statistics tradeoff, where computationally more expensive two-sample tests have a provable statistical advantage over cheaper tests. We also demonstrate the practical advantage of using Stein shrinkage for kernel independence testing at small sample sizes. Lastly, we develop a novel algorithmic scheme for performing sequential multivariate nonparametric hypothesis testing using the martingale law of the iterated logarithm to near-optimally control both type-1 and type-2 errors. One perspective connecting everything in this thesis involves the closely related and fundamental problems of linear regression and classification. Every contribution in this thesis, from active learning to optimization algorithms, to the role of the margin, to nonparametric testing fits in this picture. An underlying theme that repeats itself in this thesis, is the computational and/or statistical advantages of sequential schemes with feedback. This arises in our work through comparing active with passive learning, through iterative algorithms for solving linear systems instead of direct matrix inversions, and through comparing the power of sequential and batch hypothesis tests.

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Chan, Hok-Hin Vincent. "Study on the cooperative phenomena of the hypothesis testing Minority Game." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40040343.

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Chan, Hok-Hin Vincent, and 陳學謙. "Study on the cooperative phenomena of the hypothesis testing Minority Game." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40040343.

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Sriananthakumar, Sivagowry 1968. "Contributions to the theory and practice of hypothesis testing." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8836.

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Tao, Hui. "An Investigation of False Discovery Rates in Multiple Testing under Dependence." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TaoH2005.pdf.

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Eriksson, Tilda. "Change Detection in Telecommunication Data using Time Series Analysis and Statistical Hypothesis Testing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94530.

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In the base station system of the GSM mobile network there are a large number of counters tracking the behaviour of the system. When the software of the system is updated, we wish to find out which of the counters that have changed their behaviour. This thesis work has shown that the counter data can be modelled as a stochastic time series with a daily profile and a noise term. The change detection can be done by estimating the daily profile and the variance of the noise term and perform statistical hypothesis tests of whether the mean value and/or the daily profile of the counter data before and after the software update can be considered equal. When the chosen counter data has been analysed, it seems to be reasonable in most cases to assume that the noise terms are approximately independent and normally distributed, which justies the hypothesis tests. When the change detection is tested on data where the software is unchanged and on data with known software updates, the results are as expected in most cases. Thus the method seems to be applicable under the conditions studied.

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Xu, Xiaojin. "Methods in Hypothesis Testing, Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Neuroimaging Data Analysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10927.

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This thesis presents three distinct topics: a modified K-S test for autocorrelated data, improving MCMC convergence rate with residual augmentations, and resting state fMRI data analysis. In Chapter 1, we present a modified K-S test to adjust for sample autocorrelation. We first demonstrate that the original K-S test does not have the nominal type one error rate when applied to autocorrelated samples. Then the notion of mixing conditions and Billingsley's theorem are reviewed. Based on these results, we suggest an effective sample size formula to adjust sample autocorrelation. Extensive simulation studies are presented to demonstrate that this modified K-S test has the nominal type one error as well as reasonable power for various autocorrelated samples. An application to an fMRI data set is presented in the end. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, we present the work on MCMC sampling. Inspired by a toy example of random effect model, we find there are two ways to boost the efficiency of MCMC algorithms: direct and indirect residual augmentations. We first report theoretical investigations under a class of normal/independece models, where we find an intriguing phase transition type of phenomenon. Then we present an application of the direct residual augmentations to the probit regression, where we also include a numerical comparison with other existing algorithms.
Statistics

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Giacomini, Raffaella. "Essays in forecast evaluation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3089479.

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Oyeniran, Oluyemi. "Estimating the Proportion of True Null Hypotheses in Multiple Testing Problems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1466358483.

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47

Wang, Yan. "Asymptotic theory for decentralized sequential hypothesis testing problems and sequential minimum energy design algorithm." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41082.

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The dissertation investigates asymptotic theory of decentralized sequential hypothesis testing problems as well as asymptotic behaviors of the Sequential Minimum Energy Design (SMED). The main results are summarized as follows. 1.We develop the first-order asymptotic optimality theory for decentralized sequential multi-hypothesis testing under a Bayes framework. Asymptotically optimal tests are obtained from the class of "two-stage" procedures and the optimal local quantizers are shown to be the "maximin" quantizers that are characterized as a randomization of at most M-1 Unambiguous Likelihood Quantizers (ULQ) when testing M >= 2 hypotheses. 2. We generalize the classical Kullback-Leibler inequality to investigate the quantization effects on the second-order and other general-order moments of log-likelihood ratios. It is shown that a quantization may increase these quantities, but such an increase is bounded by a universal constant that depends on the order of the moment. This result provides a simpler sufficient condition for asymptotic theory of decentralized sequential detection. 3. We propose a class of multi-stage tests for decentralized sequential multi-hypothesis testing problems, and show that with suitably chosen thresholds at different stages, it can hold the second-order asymptotic optimality properties when the hypotheses testing problem is "asymmetric." 4. We characterize the asymptotic behaviors of SMED algorithm, particularly the denseness and distributions of the design points. In addition, we propose a simplified version of SMED that is computationally more efficient.

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Ulgen, Burcin Emre. "Robust Estimation And Hypothesis Testing In Microarray Analysis." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612352/index.pdf.

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Microarray technology allows the simultaneous measurement of thousands of gene expressions simultaneously. As a result of this, many statistical methods emerged for identifying differentially expressed genes. Kerr et al. (2001) proposed analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure for the analysis of gene expression data. Their estimators are based on the assumption of normality, however the parameter estimates and residuals from this analysis are notably heavier-tailed than normal as they commented. Since non-normality complicates the data analysis and results in inefficient estimators, it is very important to develop statistical procedures which are efficient and robust. For this reason, in this work, we use Modified Maximum Likelihood (MML) and Adaptive Maximum Likelihood estimation method (Tiku and Suresh, 1992) and show that MML and AMML estimators are more efficient and robust. In our study we compared MML and AMML method with widely used statistical analysis methods via simulations and real microarray data sets.

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Holtgraves, Marnell M. "Diagnosis and schemata : counselors' perceptions and hypothesis-testing strategies." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/832991.

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1987 is currently the primary tool used by counselors in clinical settings for diagnosing clients' psychological and behavioral problems. Beginning with the third edition of the manual (DSM-III; APA, 1968) a multiaxial process for diagnosis was introduced to encourage a biopsychosocial perspective of client's problems.This study was designed to investigate if alterations in diagnosis on Axis IV and V could further encourage a biopsychosocial perspective. It was designed to imitate the rapid diagnostic process that takes place in many clinical settings. In the present study, the criterion for a biopsychosocial perspective was the maintenance of neutral perceptions and unbiased hypothesis-testing strategies following diagnosis of a client.Twenty-four counseling psychology trainees participated in the study. The counselor trainees diagnosed a client after listening to approximately 20 minutes of an audio-tape of an initial assessment interview. The 12 counselor trainees in the control group diagnosed the client using the standard multiaxial format for diagnosis. The 12 counselor trainees in the experimental group diagnosed the client using an alternative format which encouraged a focus on positive aspects of the client and the client's environment.The counselor trainees completed the Impression Formation Questionnaire to assess their perceptions of the client. They then wrote 12 questions they would ask the client in the next counseling session. These questions constituted their hypothesis-testing strategies for their diagnoses on Axis I and Axis II.The counselor trainees in both groups maintained primarily neutral perceptions of the client as measured by the IFQ. The counselor trainees in both groups favored confirmatory hypothesis-testing strategies when assigned to groups based on their hypothesis-testing strategy score (p < .05).The results of this study indicated that the standard and alternative multiaxial formats for diagnosis may encourage neutral perceptions of a client when counselors must diagnose the client based on very little information. Neither format for diagnosis was successful, however, in discouraging a biased, confirmatory search for information.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Gao, Hongjiang. "Hypothesis testing based on pool screening with unequal pool sizes." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/gao.pdf.

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