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Lee, Jin-Pyo, and Yang-Sook Lee. "Structural Equation Model of Elementary School Students’ Quality of Life Related to Smart Devices Usage Based on PRECEDE Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084301.
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Korean elementary school students have the lowest life satisfaction levels among OECD countries. The use of smart devices has led to smartphone addiction, which seriously affects their quality of life. This study aims to establish and test variables that affect the quality of life (QOL) of elementary school students based on the Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model, using smart device-related parental intervention, self-efficacy, social support, health promotion behaviors, family environment, smart device addiction, and QOL as measurement variables. Three elementary schools in the Republic of Korea completed self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistical analysis and hypothetical model fit and test were used for data analysis. The model was found to be valid. Smart device addiction directly affected QOL. In contrast, health promotion behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and smart device parental intervention indirectly affected QOL. Health-promoting behaviors also directly affected smart device addiction, self-efficacy, and family environment had a direct effect on health-promoting behavior. Therefore, to improve the QOL of elementary school students, the government should focus on developing programs that can help them actively perform health promotion activities and improve self-efficacy, social support, and parental intervention for smart devices that indirectly affect them.
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Zhang, Min, Jia Ying Wang, Liang Liang Liang, Bin Hu, and Wan Li Hu. "Research on Waste Tubes Recycling with Material Properties in Wuhan." Advanced Materials Research 951 (May 2014): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.951.133.
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The theoretical framework of this research is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). And from personal profile, residual effect factors and attitudes to recycling, this research investigates the factors affecting residents’ behavior of recycling waste fluorescent tubes, the characteristics of the behavior and related preference. The survey data are collected by the means of questionnaires and their exploratory analysis is conducted by SPSS and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The statistical result illustrates that the main factors affecting the behaviors are propaganda, enterprise, recycling device, stimulation and government. Based on the summary of research result, a recycling device used to recycle waste tubes in communities is designed to improve this research.
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CARUSELA, M. F., and L. ROMANELLI. "PHASE BEHAVIOR IN A RING OF STOCHASTIC OSCILLATORS." Advances in Complex Systems 11, no. 01 (February 2008): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525908001453.
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We analyze the phase response of a system shaped as a ring of overdamped bistable and noisy oscillators coupled directionally. This device, which operates in the regime of stochastic resonance, may act as a short-term memory device. In the present work we show that in this regime the system presents partial phase synchronization with an average frequency equal to the external one. For lower/greater values of noise the system becomes more/less ordered, which is characterized by a statistical measure.
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Pshehotskaya, Ekaterina, and Oleg Mikhalsky. "Theft Preventive Measures for Interconnected Personal Computer Devices as Proactive Physical Security of Data." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 9, no. 2 (July 2018): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2018070107.
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This article is concerned with the arising problems and implications of physical security and privacy of personal and control data on portable computer devices, especially smartphones. The authors consider various classifications of portable computer devices, isolate smartphones as a most common device, and study types of user behavior regarding the involved security risks of unauthorized access to the data stored both locally and remotely with accent of physical data access via device theft. Based on provided categorization the researchers discuss the factors and criteria suitable to generalize user patterns and evaluate the corresponding vulnerability level against specified statistics. The considered statistical criteria can be formulated as a mathematical model of relative risks and implemented as a service or an application to be used for improving user awareness on current threats to his personal data and respective interconnected personal portable devices.
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Silva, Gisele Rodrigues da, Natércia Rezende da Silva, Paulo Vinícius Soares, Ana Rosa Costa, Alfredo Júlio Fernandes-Neto, and Carlos José Soares. "Influence of different load application devices on fracture resistance of restored premolars." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 5 (October 2012): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000500003.
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This in vitro study analyzed the effect of different load application devices on fracture resistance and failure mode of maxillary premolars restored with composite resin. Sixty human maxillary premolars received standardized mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparations and were restored with composite resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10). Compressive loading was applied using 6 different metallic devices: S2: 2-mm sphere; S6: 6-mm sphere; C2: 2-mm cylinder; C6: 6-mm cylinder; WS: wedge shape device; and MAT: individualized metallic antagonist tooth. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The failure mode was recorded based on the 4 sequential levels. Statistical analysis revealed that WS presented significantly higher fracture resistance than S6 and C6. No significant difference was found among MAT, C2, S2 and S6. Sphere and cylinder with 6 mm were similar, with the lowest values of all groups. MAT presented the least number of catastrophic failures while C2, S2 and WS presented the highest. The type of load application device influences significantly the behavior of the teeth-restoration complex during mechanical fracture resistance test.
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Yaokumah, Winfred. "The Influence of Students' Characteristics on Mobile Device Security Measures." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2016070104.
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This study aimed at investigating the influence of students' characteristics (majors, maturity, and gender) on mobile device security practices in the context of a developing country. Focusing on graduate and undergraduate students from both public and private universities, participants' characteristics were measured against three approaches of mobile devices security practices (user-behavior and activities, device settings, and disaster recovery). The sample consisted of 375 students from two public universities and three private university colleges. The results found that Technology and Engineering students differ statistically from Business and Arts students in terms of mobile device settings and disaster recovery practices. The undergraduate students were less engaged in risky activities with their devices compared with the graduate students. Moreover, the younger students were more cautious than the older students regarding user-behavior and device settings. Finally, female students were more negligent when it comes to setting the devices to militate against security threats.
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Mohun, Arwen. "On the Frontier of The Empire of Chance: Statistics, Accidents, and Risk in Industrializing America." Science in Context 18, no. 3 (September 2005): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000578.
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In The Empire of Chance, historians of science Gigerenzer et al. argue that statistical thinking has been “second to no other area of scientific endeavor” in its influence on “modern life and thought” (Gigerenzer et al. 1989, xiv-xv). This article describes how quantitative descriptions of risk associated with industrialization and technological change became part of the mentality of ordinary Americans. It explains why Americans began counting accidents, tells what kinds of accidents they counted and how they counted them, and shows how statistical representations of risk were used to justify prescriptions for public policy and individual behavior. On this frontier of the empire of chance, safety experts and self-styled “practical statisticians” were the principal colonizers. Distant from the centers of academic statistical science, they compromised rigorous scientific standards of methodology and accurate prediction in order to make convincing arguments outside their circles of expertise. To convey their point of view to audiences who were not literate in the field of statistics, they created a public language that conveyed statistical ideas through metaphors, graphic representations, and other rhetorical devices. They also engaged non-experts in collecting and analyzing data and, by the 1920s, even used quantitative self-measurement as a device to convince members of the public to alter their own risk-taking behaviors.
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Carvalho, Paulo Eduardo Guedes, Valdemir Muzulon dos Santos, Hassan Isber, and Flávio Augusto Cotrim-Ferreira. "Halogen light versus LED for bracket bonding: shear bond strength." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 1 (February 2013): 31e1–31e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000100007.
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INTRODUCTION: LED light-curing devices seek to provide a cold light activator which allows protocols of material polymerization with shorter duration. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of bracket bonding using three types of light-curing devices: One with halogen light (Optilight Plus - Gnatus) and two with LEDs (Optilight CL - Gnatus and Elipar Freelight - 3M/ESPE). RESULTS: Comparing the results by analysis of variance, the Gnatus LED device showed an inferior statistical behavior in relation to other light sources, when activated by a short time. But, when it was used for 40 seconds, the polymerization results were consistent with the other evaluated sources. The device with the best average performance was the halogen light, followed by the 3M/ESPE LED. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the LEDs may be indicated in orthodontic practice, as long as a protocol is used for the application of light with the activation time of 40 seconds.
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MOLENKAMP, LAURENS W. "DEVICE CONCEPTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR SPINTRONICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046207.
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Semiconductor spintronics has now reached a stage where the basic physical mechanisms controlling spin injection and detection are understood. Moreover, some critical technological issues involved in the growth and lithography of the magnetic semiconductors have been solved. This has allowed us to explore the physics of meanwhile quite complex spintronic devices. The lectures will start with an introduction to spin transport in metals and semiconductors. Building upon this, I will discuss various simple devices that demonstrate this basic physics in action. Subsequently, more advanced devices will be covered. For example, I will discuss resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) fabricated from paramagnetic II-VI semiconductors that can be operated as a voltage controlled spin-switch. A quantum dot version of these RTDs exhibits, unexpectedly, remanent magnetism at zero external field, which we interpret as resulting from tunneling through a single magnetic polaron. In the ferromagnetic semiconductor ( Ga, Mn ) As we have observed a very large spin valve effect due to domain wall pinning at sub-10 nm sized constrictions. Furthermore, we have found a novel magnetoresistance effect in this material, dubbed tunnel anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR), which is due to the strongly (magneto-)anisotropic density of states in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The effect leads to the observation of a spin valve-like behavior in tunnel structures containg a single ferromagnetic layer and also dominates the spin-valve signal obtained from structures containing two ( Ga, Mn ) As layers, where the effect may cause resistance changes of five orders of magnitude. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.
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SHIMIZU, ICHIRO, NAOYA TADA, and KOSUKE NAKAYAMA. "THE INFLUENCE OF STRAIN PATH ON BIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 5844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051261.
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The strain path dependence of the compressive flow behavior of cast AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. Biaxial compression tests with linear strain paths were conducted using a unique biaxial compression device. It was found that the equivalent stress-strain relations varied according to the strain paths. The work contour for linear strain paths was well described by the Logan-Hosford yield criterion. Biaxial compressions with abrupt strain path change were also carried out to investigate the influences of the prestrain amplitude and angular relation of the sequential strain paths on the flow behavior. Rapid increase in the equivalent stress was observed just after the abrupt strain path change. These specific flow behaviors were discussed with regard to the plastic anisotropy, which showed rapid evolution in the early stage of the biaxial compressions.
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Götschi, Tobias, George Rosenberg, Xiang Li, Chen Zhang, Elias Bachmann, Jess G. Snedeker, and Sandro F. Fucentese. "Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Loop Retention Mechanism for Cortical Graft Fixation in ACL Reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 232596712090432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120904322.
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Background: Implant fixation by means of a cortical fixation device (CFD) has become a routine procedure in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There is no clear consensus whether adjustable-length CFDs are more susceptible to loop lengthening when compared with pretied fixed-length CFDs. Purpose: To assess biomechanical performance measures of 3 types of CFDs when subjected to various loading protocols. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Three types of CFDs underwent biomechanical testing: 1 fixed length and 2 adjustable length. One of the adjustable-length devices is based on the so-called finger trap mechanism, and the other is based on a modified sling lock mechanism. A device-only test of 5000 cycles (n = 8 per group) and a tendon-device test of 1000 cycles (n = 8 per group) with lower and upper force limits of 50 and 250 N, respectively, were applied, followed by ramp-to-failure testing. Adjustable-length devices then underwent further cyclic testing with complete loop unloading (n = 5 per group) at each cycle, as well as fatigue testing (n = 3 per group) over a total of 1 million cycles. Derived mechanical parameters were compared among the devices for statistical significance using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney U testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: All CFDs showed elongation <2 mm after 5000 cycles when tested in an isolated manner and withstood ultimate tensile forces in excess of estimated peak in vivo forces. In both device-only and tendon-device tests, differences in cyclic performance were found among the devices, favoring adjustable-length fixation devices over the fixed-length device. Completely unloading the suspension loops, however, led to excessive loop lengthening of the finger trap device, whereas the modified sling lock device remained stable throughout the test. The fixed-length device displayed superior ultimate strength over both adjustable-length devices. Both adjustable-length devices showed adequate fatigue behavior during high-cyclic testing. Conclusion: All tested devices successfully prevented critical construct elongation when tested with constant tension and withstood ultimate loads in excess of estimated in vivo forces during the rehabilitation phase. The finger trap device gradually lengthened excessively when completely unloaded during cyclic testing. Clinical Relevance: Critical loop lengthening may occur if adjustable-length devices based on the finger trap mechanism are repeatedly unloaded in situ.
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FAN, ZHI-QIANG, and KE-QIU CHEN. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF GATE VOLTAGE CONTROLLABLE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN SINGLE C60 MOLECULAR DEVICE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 29 (November 20, 2011): 3871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211102034.
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The effect of gate voltage on electronic transport properties in single C60 molecular device is investigated by a first-principles method based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. The calculated results show that the variation of the equilibrium conductance with gate voltage strongly corresponds with the variation of transmission eigenvalues and depends on the shift of molecular orbitals. The positive gate voltage can enhance the device's electronic transport, while negative gate voltage weaken it, which shows a gate-controlled molecular current switch. More importantly, the negative differential resistance behavior is observed and can be modulated by the gate potential. A detailed explanations for these phenomena are given.
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Tanaka, H., N. Ohno, Y. Tsuji, K. Okazaki, and S. Kajita. "Statistical Analysis of the Spatial Behavior of Plasma Blobs Around the Plasma Column in a Linear Plasma Device." Contributions to Plasma Physics 52, no. 5-6 (June 2012): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201210027.
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Palacios-Luengas, Leonardo, Gonzalo Isaac Duchen-Sánchez, José Luis Aragón-Vera, and Rubén Vázquez-Medina. "Digital Noise Generator Design Using Inverted 1D Tent Chaotic Map." VLSI Design 2012 (October 4, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/849120.
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This paper shows a digital noise generator designed in FPGA, based on a variant of the one-dimensional (1D) chaotic tent map (T-1D). The T-1D map is a piecewise linear 1D chaotic map that defines the statistical behavior of the generated sequences using its control parameter. In this way, the proposed noise generator is a highly competitive alternative in cryptographic systems when the statistical behavior of the sequences is closer to the uniform statistical distribution. The proposed system uses the inverted tent chaotic map (IT-1D), which has the same statistical behavior as the T-1D map. The fundamental algorithm used in this system was developed based on a 64-bit double precision format according to the numerical representation of floating point numbers defined in the IEEE-754 standard. The proposed system is analized using mechanical statistic tools and some statistical tests defined in the NIST 800-22SP (USA) standard. The main contribution of this work is the possibility of generating binary sequence of pseudorandom appearance by a procedure implemented in an FPGA device that translates real numbers to natural numbers preserving the statistical properties of sequences of real numbers that can be generated with the tent chaotic map in its original definition domain.
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Song, Xinwei, Amy L. Throckmorton, Houston G. Wood, James F. Antaki, and Don B. Olsen. "Quantitative Evaluation of Blood Damage in a Centrifugal VAD by Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1758259.
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This study explores a quantitative evaluation of blood damage that occurs in a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) due to fluid stress. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to track the shear stress history of 388 particle streaklines. The accumulation of shear and exposure time is integrated along the streaklines to evaluate the levels of blood trauma. This analysis, which includes viscous and turbulent stresses, provides a statistical estimate of possible damage to cells flowing through the pump. Since experimental data for hemolysis levels in our LVAD are not available, in vitro normalized index of hemolysis values for clinically available ventricular assist devices were compared to our damage indices. This approach allowed for an order of magnitude comparison between our estimations and experimentally measured hemolysis levels, which resulted in a reasonable correlation. This work ultimately demonstrates that CFD is a convenient and effective approach to analyze the Lagrangian behavior of blood in a heart assist device.
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Gray, Wayne D., and Christopher W. Myers. "From Models to Methods to Models: Tools and Techniques for Using, Developing, and Analyzing Cognitive Human Performance Models." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 12 (September 2005): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901208.
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Four modelers present tools based on or for cognitive human performance modeling. Myers introduces a new statistical technique for testing the similarity of sequential behavior across conditions. This technique promises to solve what Anderson (2002) regarded as the non-determinism problem of modeling behavior at the 100–ms level of analysis. John presents a programming-by-demonstration system that creates keystroke level GOMS models in ACT-R. Her approach enables those not trained in cognitive science to build predictive models of human performance. Salvucci's work expands on John's system by applying predictive modeling techniques to in-vehicle devices. His work integrates models of device use with a rigorous model of driver behavior to predict driver distraction and performance. Finally, Gray introduces Cognitive Metrics Profiling (CMP) — a model-based approach that produces theory-based estimates of cognitive workload. CMP holds the promise of predicting transient changes in cognitive workload that occur in a dynamic task environment.
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Parmar, Onika, and Alok Naugarhiya. "High temperature analysis of strained superjunction vertical single diffused MOSFET." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 19 (July 14, 2021): 2150196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501964.
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This paper focuses on testing the reliability of a Strained Superjunction Vertical Single diffused MOS (s-SJVSDMOS) at high-temperature. It provides an in-depth study of the device behavior at high-temperatures specifically at 300, 350 and 400 K. The s-SJVSDMOS is simulated in 2D T-CAD simulator and the outcomes are extracted. The variation of the extracted parameters with temperature is explored. The electrical and channel characteristics of the device are analyzed here. From the discussion, it was deduced that at high-temperature the device exhibits analogous characteristics as at room-temperature condition.
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Alhosainy, Ammar, Kareem M. Attiah, Ramy H. Gohary, and Ioannis Lambadaris. "Statistical Evaluation of the Behavior of 5-GHz Radio LAN Devices." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, no. 4 (April 2020): 1103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2910344.
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Chakravarty, T., A. Chowdhury, A. Ghose, C. Bhaumik, and P. Balamuralidhar. "Statistical analysis of road–vehicle–driver interaction as an enabler to designing behavioral models." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 05, supp01 (October 2014): 1441006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962314410062.
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Telematics form an important technology enabler for intelligent transportation systems. One application of the same is that by deploying on-board diagnostic devices, the signatures of vehicle vibration along with its location and time are recorded. Detailed analyses of the collected signatures offer deep insights into the state of the objects under study. Towards that objective, we carried out experiments by deploying telematics device in one of the office bus that ferries employees to office and back. Data is collected from 3-axis accelerometer, GPS speed and the time for all the journeys. In this paper, we present initial results of the above exercise by applying statistical methods to derive information through systematic analysis of the data collected over four months. It is demonstrated that the higher order derivative of the measured Z-axis acceleration samples display the properties of Weibull distribution when the time axis is replaced by the amplitude of such processed acceleration data. Such an observation offers us a method to predict future behavior where deviations from prediction are classified as context-based aberrations or progressive degradation of the system. In addition, we capture the relationship between speed of the vehicle and median of the jerk energy samples using regression analysis. That analysis is further used to identify low, normal and high JE values for a velocity and classify journey at a micro-trip (small section of a trip) level. Such results offer an opportunity to develop a robust method to model road–vehicle interaction thereby enabling us to predict such like driving behavior and condition-based maintenance, etc.
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WEISS, KEITH D., and J. DAVID CARLSON. "MACROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS: TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING RESPONSE TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 15n16 (August 1992): 2609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001328.
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Two experimental methods, a dielectric spectroscopic technique and a channel flow technique, have been found to provide reasonable estimates of an ER fluid's response time. The dielectric data obtained for an ER fluid was adequately modeled using a well established Cole-Cole relationship for a symmetric distribution of relaxation times. A calculation of the particle's conductivity in the ER fluid also was found to be possible using the measured dielectric data. The response time obtained with the channel flow technique was in good agreement with the measured response time of a working ER fluid device.
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Samat, Khairul Fadzli, Sayed Kushairi Sayed Nordin, and Zulkeflee Abdullah. "Design Analysis of Motion Simulation for Development of Rehabilitation Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.3.
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A current study regarding the development of a rehabilitation device for lower extremity is presented. The device is specifically designed for rehabilitation of post-stroke patients who encounter walking weakness. The rehabilitation device is categorized as an active device that is power-driven by a DC motor. Its design was the outcome of improvements to counter the problems existed in the a newly developed prototype. A motion simulation was used to ratify the motion capability of the proposed design in the modelling design process. Analysis of kinematic and dynamic behavior of the motion simulation has been carried out. The smoothness of the mechanical movement and the linear velocity provided by the device are acceptable as additional work of the design process. Based on a statistical analysis, the study found that there is no significant difference from the motor torque requirement even though the angular velocity of the motor was changed substantially.
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Killian, Jacquelin M., Rachel M. Radin, Cubby L. Gardner, Lalon Kasuske, Kylee Bashirelahi, Dominic Nathan, David O. Keyser, Christopher J. Cellucci, David Darmon, and Paul E. Rapp. "Alternative Devices for Heart Rate Variability Measures: A Comparative Test–Retest Reliability Study." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11050068.
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Using healthy adult participants, seven measures of heart rate variability were obtained simultaneously from four devices in five behavioral conditions. Two devices were ECG-based and two utilized photoplethysmography. The 140 numerical values (measure, condition, device) are presented. The comparative operational reliability of the four devices was assessed, and it was found that the two ECG-base devices were more reliable than the photoplethysmographic devices. The interchangeability of devices was assessed by determining the between-device Limits of Agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficients were determined and used to calculate the standard error of measurement and the Minimal Detectable Difference. The Minimal Detectable Difference, MDD, quantifies the smallest statistically significant change in a measure and is therefore critical when HRV measures are used longitudinally to assess treatment response or disease progression.
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Wang, Chao, Zhizhong Wu, Xi Li, Xuehai Zhou, Aili Wang, and Patrick C. K. Hung. "SmartMal: A Service-Oriented Behavioral Malware Detection Framework for Mobile Devices." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101986.
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This paper presents SmartMal—a novel service-oriented behavioral malware detection framework for vehicular and mobile devices. The highlight of SmartMal is to introduce service-oriented architecture (SOA) concepts and behavior analysis into the malware detection paradigms. The proposed framework relies on client-server architecture, the client continuously extracts various features and transfers them to the server, and the server’s main task is to detect anomalies using state-of-art detection algorithms. Multiple distributed servers simultaneously analyze the feature vector using various detectors and information fusion is used to concatenate the results of detectors. We also propose a cycle-based statistical approach for mobile device anomaly detection. We accomplish this by analyzing the users’ regular usage patterns. Empirical results suggest that the proposed framework and novel anomaly detection algorithm are highly effective in detecting malware on Android devices.
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Akowuah, Prince Kwaku, Augustine N. Nti, Stephen Ankamah-Lomotey, Asafo Agyei Frimpong, Jeremiah Fummey, Prince Boadi, Kofi Osei-Poku, and Joseph Adjei-Anang. "Digital Device Use, Computer Vision Syndrome, and Sleep Quality among an African Undergraduate Population." Advances in Public Health 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6611348.
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Background. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and poor sleep quality among university students and assess the relationship between digital device usage, CVS, and sleep quality. Methods. A cross-sectional study including undergraduate students was conducted in Ghana between January–March 2020. Information on digital device use and CVS symptoms was collected using a structured questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between CVS and digital device use behavior, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between sleep quality and digital device use behavior. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. Mean (SD) age of participants was 20.95 (1.68) years and most (54.97%) of them were females. The prevalence of CVS was 64.36%. Factors associated with CVS included hours of digital device use per day (OR = 4.1, p < 0.001), years of digital device use (OR = 3.0, p < 0.001), adjustment of digital device screen contrast to the surrounding brightness (OR = 1.95, p = 0.014), and presence of glare (OR = 1.79, p = 0.048). Prevalence of poor sleep quality was 62.43%. There was a significant association between poor sleep quality and number of years participants had used a digital device ( p = 0.015) and the number of hours they used a digital device per day ( p = 0.005). Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of both CVS and poor sleep quality among undergraduate students in Ghana. This represents a significant public health issue that needs attention.
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SARAJLIĆ, MILIJA, and RIFAT RAMOVIĆ. "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFECTIVE ELECTRON MOBILITY AND KINK EFFECT FOR SHORT-CHANNEL PD SOI NMOS DEVICES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 16 (June 30, 2008): 2599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039678.
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Here, a new approach for calculating the triggering drain bias at the onset of the kink effect, kink voltage, V kink , for PD SOI NMOS devices utilizing electron drift properties in the channel is given. This approach directly relates electron mobility in the channel to the kink effect and enables one to determine kink voltage knowing the device technology. It also gives the possibility for calculating mobility from the kink voltage. Theory is compared to the previously published experimental results and based on this match, the behavior of the kink voltage for PD SOI NMOS components for various technology parameters is predicted. Explanation for the appearance of the kink in the volt regime below the band gap of silicon is also given. From this consideration, design rules for PD SOI NMOS devices are derived in order to soothe the kink effect.
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Martín, Diego, Borja Bordel, and Ramón Alcarria. "Automatic Detection of Erratic Sensor Observations in Ami Platforms: A Statistical Approach †." Proceedings 31, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031055.
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This paper addresses the problem of data aggregation platforms operating in heterogeneous Ambient Intelligence Environments. In these platforms, device interoperability is a challenge and erratic sensor observations are difficult to be detected. We propose ADES (Automatic Detection of Erratic Sensors), a statistical approach to detect erratic behavior in sensors and annotate those errors in a semantic platform. To do that, we propose three binary classification systems based on statistical tests for erratic observation detection, and we validate our approach by verifying whether ADES is able to classify sensors by its observations correctly. Results show that the first two classifiers (constant and random observations) had good accuracy rates, and they were able to classify most of the samples. In addition, all of the classifiers obtained a very low false positive rate.
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Sadasivan, Chander, and David Fiorella. "Preliminary in vitro angiographic comparison of the flow diversion behavior of Evolve and Pipeline devices." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, no. 6 (November 13, 2019): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015455.
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Background and purposeFlow diverters are increasingly used to treat a broad category of cerebral aneurysms. We conducted an in vitro study to angiographically compare the flow diversion effect of Surpass Evolve from Stryker Neurovascular with the Pipeline Shield Embolization Device from Medtronic Neurovascular.MethodsThree copies each of three carotid aneurysm geometries were manufactured from silicone. Evolve and Pipeline flow diverters were deployed in one copy of each geometry; the third copy was used as Control. High-speed angiography was acquired under pulsatile flow in each replica, contrast concentration-time curves within the aneurysms were recorded, and the curves were quantified with six parameters. The parameters were statistically evaluated to compare the flow diversion effect of both devices.ResultsThe Evolve showed greater flow diversion trends in almost all intra-geometry comparisons than the Pipeline. When aggregated over the three geometries, the Evolve was statistically significantly better than the Pipeline in four of the six parameters, and about the same or better (not statistically significant) than the Pipeline in the other two parameters.ConclusionsThe Evolve device demonstrated greater in vitro flow diversion effects than Pipeline. Comparative efficacy of the devices will need to be adjudicated based on clinical outcomes.
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Ghoreishi, Seyed Saleh, and Reza Yousefi. "A computational study of a novel graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 09 (April 10, 2017): 1750056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217500564.
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In this paper, using gate structure engineering and modification of channel dopant profile, we propose a new double gate graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (DG-GNRFET) mainly to suppress the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) of carriers. In the new device, the intrinsic part of the channel is replaced by an intrinsic-lightly doped-intrinsic [Formula: see text] configuration in a way that only the intrinsic parts are covered by the gate contact. Transport characteristics of the device are investigated theoretically using the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. Numerical simulations show that off-current, ambipolar behavior, on/off-current ratio and the switching characteristics such as intrinsic delay and power-delay product are improved. In addition, the new device demonstrates better sub-threshold swing and less drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL).
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ARABSHAHI, H. "MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN WURTZITE PHASE GaN MESFET INCLUDING TRAPPING EFFECT." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 13 (May 30, 2006): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906011037.
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Trapping of hot electron behavior by trap centers located in the buffer layer of a wurtzite phase GaN MESFET has been simulated using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. The simulated results show that trap centers are responsible for current collapse in GaN MESFET at low temperatures. These electrical traps degrade the performance of the device at low temperatures. On the other hand, at high temperatures, the electrical performances are improved due to electron emission from the trap centers. The simulated device geometries and doping are matched to the nominal parameters described for the experimental structures as closely as possible, and the predicted drain current and other electrical characteristics for the simulated device including the trapping center effects show much closer agreement with the available experimental data than without trap center effects.
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MANIKANDAN, J., and MICHAEL DAVID PREMKUMAR. "BUYING BEHAVIOR OF ‘GEN Y’ TOWARDS SMARTPHONE OF ANDROID." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9572.
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Every generation has its own Characteristics. They have been affected by the changes of world and vice versa they changed the world. Soon a new generation will rule the world and marketers have to prepare for it. Smartphone of Android is a mobile device which is more than merely make and receives phone calls, text messages, video calls and voice mail etc.,. The basic feature of Smartphone is able to access the internet. It can also access digital media such as picture, photos, music and videos etc. The expansion of Android mobile communication technology e.g. wireless internet, mobile phone and Global Positioning System (GPS) are constantly evolving and upgrading as a result of Gen Y changing needs and preferences. Thus the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the buying behaviour of “Gen y’ towards Android mobiles in Thiruchirappalli. The data are collected through questionnaire and the sampling technique is convenient sampling technique. For statistical analyses, SPSS used and Statistical tools like percentage analysis, ANOVA, Correlation, Chi-square and‘t’ test applied. The findings were based on the Research hypothesis, demographic profile and various dimensions of buying behaviour of ‘Gen Y’ towards Smartphone of Android. Suggestions and Conclusion are based on these findings. This paper is important for the marketers to understand the buying behaviour of ‘Gen Y’ towards Smartphone of Android and their purchase decision to more competitive.
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Ayres, Daniel L., Michael P. Cummings, Guy Baele, Aaron E. Darling, Paul O. Lewis, David L. Swofford, John P. Huelsenbeck, Philippe Lemey, Andrew Rambaut, and Marc A. Suchard. "BEAGLE 3: Improved Performance, Scaling, and Usability for a High-Performance Computing Library for Statistical Phylogenetics." Systematic Biology 68, no. 6 (April 23, 2019): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz020.
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Abstract BEAGLE is a high-performance likelihood-calculation library for phylogenetic inference. The BEAGLE library defines a simple, but flexible, application programming interface (API), and includes a collection of efficient implementations for calculation under a variety of evolutionary models on different hardware devices. The library has been integrated into recent versions of popular phylogenetics software packages including BEAST and MrBayes and has been widely used across a diverse range of evolutionary studies. Here, we present BEAGLE 3 with new parallel implementations, increased performance for challenging data sets, improved scalability, and better usability. We have added new OpenCL and central processing unit-threaded implementations to the library, allowing the effective utilization of a wider range of modern hardware. Further, we have extended the API and library to support concurrent computation of independent partial likelihood arrays, for increased performance of nucleotide-model analyses with greater flexibility of data partitioning. For better scalability and usability, we have improved how phylogenetic software packages use BEAGLE in multi-GPU (graphics processing unit) and cluster environments, and introduced an automated method to select the fastest device given the data set, evolutionary model, and hardware. For application developers who wish to integrate the library, we also have developed an online tutorial. To evaluate the effect of the improvements, we ran a variety of benchmarks on state-of-the-art hardware. For a partitioned exemplar analysis, we observe run-time performance improvements as high as 5.9-fold over our previous GPU implementation. BEAGLE 3 is free, open-source software licensed under the Lesser GPL and available at https://beagle-dev.github.io.
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Miccoli, Gabriele, Andrea Cicconetti, Gianluca Gambarini, Andrea Del Giudice, Federico Ripanti, Dario Di Nardo, Luca Testarelli, and Marco Seracchiani. "A New Device to Test the Bending Resistance of Mechanical Endodontic Instruments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207215.
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The aims of the present study were to propose a new machine for testing the bending behavior of an instrument at multiple specific points along the cutting surface and to compare the influence of proprietary heat treatment on the bending ability of EdgeTaper (ET), Protaper Universal (PTU), EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP), and Protaper Gold (PTG). A total of 320 instruments were examined in the present study: 80 ET, 80 PTU, 80 ETP, and 80 PTG. The bending ability of all instruments was tested at a 45° angle and on three different portions of the instrument at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the tip using a customized device. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among each single instrument of the series and between ET and PTU as well as ETP and PTG. The bending behavior of a nickel–titanium rotary instrument is its ability to bend without any plastic deformation. This feature, according to the results of the present study, is variable along the cutting surface; therefore, it should be evaluated. Due to the present testing device, it would be possible to obtain reliable and trustworthy information about an instrument’s bending ability.
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Bao, Y. J., C. Y. Ji, B. Zhang, and J. L. Gu. "Representation of freshwater aquaculture fish behavior in low dissolved oxygen condition based on 3D computer vision." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 34n36 (December 30, 2018): 1840090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918400900.
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Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays an important role in industrialized freshwater aquaculture. Such deficiencies such as the high cost of water-quality monitoring system and the failure to accurately monitor or describe aquaculture water-quality existed in freshwater aquaculture water-quality monitoring system. Here, a kind of representation method applied to characterize industrialized aquaculture fish behavior in different degrees of DO deficiency is based on three-dimensional (3D) Computer Vision. 3D coordinate values of aquaculture fishes in water acquired from 3D Computer Vision Device by processing aquaculture fish image are applied to represent such parameters as the average activity and height of aquaculture fish in water. This method for representing different behaviors of industrialized freshwater aquaculture fish under the condition of anoxia is realized by using these parameters and combing with the experience of aquaculture. The results show that the representation of industrialized freshwater aquaculture fish based on 3D Computer Vision System can be applied to describe industrialized aquaculture fish behavior and effectively compensate for the shortfall spatial location of aquaculture fish unable to acquire from 2D monitoring system, which is helpful for the accurate and reasonable control of DO in aquaculture.
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BRUHNS, OTTO T. "SOME REMARKS ON RATE-SENSITIVITY OF NITI SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 5406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208050577.
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Uniaxial and bi-axial tests on tubular specimens are presented. The specimens consist of NiTi alloy exhibiting pseudoelastic behavior at room temperature. A novel device to measure and control axial and torsional strains within a well defined gage section of the specimen was developed. This device, based on inductive transducers, uses the same reference points for both twist and elongation measurements. The viscous and rate dependent behavior of binary, pseudoelastic NiTi is investigated. The main focus is on the decoupling of thermal and viscous effects on the transformation stress as the specimen material is subject to heating and cooling due to latent heat generation and absorption during phase transition. On this account, an active temperature control is proposed to account for swift temperature variations. In addition to uniaxial testing of the sample, two-dimensional tension/torsion experiments are conducted in order to generalize the uniaxial findings. It is concluded that the material under consideration is independent of the rate of deformation for the applied temperature range.
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Materia, Frank T., and Joshua M. Smyth. "Acceptability of Intervention Design Factors in mHealth Intervention Research: Experimental Factorial Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e23303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23303.
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Background With the growing interest in mobile health (mHealth), behavioral medicine researchers are increasingly conducting intervention studies that use mobile technology (eg, to support healthy behavior change). Such studies’ scientific premises are often sound, yet there is a dearth of implementational data on which to base mHealth research methodologies. Notably, mHealth approaches must be designed to be acceptable to research participants to support meaningful engagement, but little empirical data about design factors influencing acceptability in such studies exist. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of two common design factors in mHealth intervention research—requiring multiple devices (eg, a study smartphone and wrist sensor) relative to requiring a single device and providing individually tailored feedback as opposed to generic content—on reported participant acceptability. Methods A diverse US adult convenience sample (female: 104/255, 40.8%; White: 208/255, 81.6%; aged 18-74 years) was recruited to complete a web-based experiment. A 2×2 factorial design (number of devices×nature of feedback) was used. A learning module explaining the necessary concepts (eg, behavior change interventions, acceptability, and tailored content) was presented, followed by four vignettes (representing each factorial cell) that were presented to participants in a random order. The vignettes each described a hypothetical mHealth intervention study featuring different combinations of the two design factors (requiring a single device vs multiple devices and providing tailored vs generic content). Participants rated acceptability dimensions (interest, benefit, enjoyment, utility, confidence, difficulty, and overall likelihood of participating) for each study presented. Results Reported interest, benefit, enjoyment, confidence in completing study requirements, and perceived utility were each significantly higher for studies featuring tailored (vs generic) content, and the overall estimate of the likelihood of participation was significantly higher. Ratings of interest, benefit, and perceived utility were significantly higher for studies requiring multiple devices (vs a single device); however, multiple device studies also had significantly lower ratings of confidence in completing study requirements, and participation was seen as more difficult and was associated with a lower estimated likelihood of participation. The two factors did not exhibit any evidence of statistical interactions in any of the outcomes tested. Conclusions The results suggest that potential research participants are sensitive to mHealth design factors. These mHealth intervention design factors may be important for initial perceptions of acceptability (in research or clinical settings). This, in turn, may be associated with participant (eg, self) selection processes, differential compliance with study or treatment processes, or retention over time.
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PITHIOUX, M., P. CHABRAND, and F. MAZEROLLE. "STATISTICAL FAILURE MODEL OF BONES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 02, no. 01 (March 2002): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519402000125.
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In clinical research, knowledge of the mechanical behavior of bones is helpful for diagnostics and therapeutic processes and the failure of compact bones is a necessary study in clinical analysis, accidentology, and traumatology. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the failure properties of compact bones using a statistical model to interpret stress and strain measurements obtained by INSTRON and X-ray scanner devices. Samples were prepared from a lamellar structure of compact bovine bones and the density of each sample is controlled and taken to be constant (1.9 g/cm 3). The experimental results data thus depend only on defects in the samples. This model may help physicians and surgeons predict bone failure when inserting a prosthesis, for example.
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Alessio, Helaine, Kathleen Hutchinson Marron, Ian M. Cramer, Michael Hughes, Kendrah Betz, Sarah Stephenson, Sarah Wagner, Theresa Loughridge, Brittany Sproat, and Allison L. Bunger. "Effects of Cardiovascular Health Factors and Personal Listening Behaviors on Hearing Sensitivity in College-Aged students." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 8 (March 7, 2020): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489420909403.
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Objectives: This study examined the association between pure tone hearing sensitivity and music listening behaviors among traditional college-aged students and sought to determine factors that mediate hearing sensitivity, including health and fitness levels, gender, and personal listening device (PLD) use. Methods: A convenience sample of college students (N = 182; 133 females, 49 males, mean age = 19.8 ± 1.4 year, average PLD use = 1.52 ± 7.1 hours•day−1) completed hearing assessments, music listening behavior questionnaires, and health and fitness tests. Results: Most students listened to music at safe intensity levels (<80 dBA), though 18% had higher hearing levels (≥25 dB HL at one of the measured frequencies). Longer listening duration behavior approached but did not reach a statistical association with compromised hearing sensitivity. Of all variables measured, including cardiovascular health, fitness, and music listening, two variables: total cholesterol: triglycerides (TC:TG) and total cholesterol: high-density lipoproteins (TC:HDL) significantly associated with hearing sensitivity at 2 kHz. The odds hearing loss occurring at 4 kHz was 59% lower in females compared with males. Conclusion: The majority of college students had healthy music listening behavior and fitness, contributing to normal hearing sensitivity in most. In cases where greater hearing threshold levels at one or more frequencies was detected, TC:HDL and TC:TG were statistically related and at 2 kHz, males were more likely to demonstrate higher listening levels compared with females of similar health and fitness level.
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Li, Yayun, Bo Li, and Longtu Li. "Fabrication of 3D photocatalytic α-Fe2O3 structure using direct ink writing method." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 07 (March 13, 2014): 1450051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914500511.
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Three-dimensional (3D) photocatalytic devices are economical and environmental, since they can be easily recycled and reused. In this paper, a kind of 3D photocatalytic device with a rod diameter of 250 μm was fabricated using the aqueous-based α- Fe 2 O 3 ceramic inks by direct ink writing (DIW) method. The properties of the DIW woodpile samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The result shows that the ink with solid content of 71.4 wt.% exhibits a shear thinning behavior and proper viscoelastic properties, which ensure a feasible extrusion in the whole shaping process. The sample sintered at 800°C in air causes photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under the ultraviolet (UV) light. The photocatalytic properties of the α- Fe 2 O 3 woodpile structure was characterized by the UV-visible light spectrophotometer, and it was found to be better than that of bulk sample with same weight for its higher specific surface. The DIW technique would offer a potential method for the design and fabrication of 3D photocatalytic devices.
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Liu, Hua Gang, Rong Xue Li, and Xiang Yang Liu. "Hydraulic Riveting Machine Hydraulic System Design in Automobile Beam Production Line." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.162.
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The purpose of this paper is to simulate the riveting process, test a new device by the finite element method , study the riveting process of the mechanical behavior. Through numerical simulation, the various characteristics of the selected materials, in accordance with these measured parameters, did some statistical analysis, and design the whole hydraulic riveting machine hydraulic system according to the automobile beam line, then test. Finally, the hydraulic riveting machine hydraulic system for automobile beam production line hydraulic system has great advantages.
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Wu, Shimei, Xinye Zheng, Jin Guo, Chuan-Zhong Li, and Chu Wei. "Quantifying Energy Consumption in Household Surveys: An Alternative Device-based Accounting Approach." Field Methods 32, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x20905790.
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The exercise of quantifying the energy consumption data assembled through household surveys, either by the recall-based approach or the meter-based approach, remains a challenging task, especially in rural areas of developing countries. In this article, we propose a device-based bottom-up accounting method for estimating household energy consumption. This method provides microlevel disaggregated estimates at the intensive margin and documents other difficult-to-measure energy consumption such as biomass at the extensive margin. Even though measurement errors of the household survey might still exist, the structured questionnaire of daily routine behavior questions should greatly alleviate the problem. The new method supplements the existing household energy statistical system, improves its flexibility, and is particularly applicable in developing countries and/or rural areas. We apply the method to a Chinese rural household survey and discuss its differences and similarities with the conventional methods.
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ALWAN, ALWAN M., and OMAR A. ABDULRAZAQ. "AGING EFFECT ON THE PHOTOSYNTHESIZED POROUS SILICON." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 04 (February 10, 2008): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208038594.
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The photoluminescence spectrum of the freshly photosynthesized porous silicon (PS) has been investigated. This measurement was repeated after three and six months for the same sample after storage under ambient condition (open air at room temperature). Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the stored PS show different peak positions and intensity width as compared with the results of the fresh PS. A blue shift in PL peak positions with aging time was observed. PL relative intensity is strongly diminished after 6 months of aging. Dark I-V characteristics of Al/PS/n - Si/Al structure shows a behavior of PS/n - Si isotype heterojunction for fresh device and a MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) device due to contribution of Al/PS Schottky barrier after aging, essentially after 6 months.
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CHOUDHARY, SUDHANSHU, GAURAV SAINI, and S. QURESHI. "IMPACT OF RADIAL COMPRESSION ON THE CONDUCTANCE OF CARBON NANOTUBE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 02 (January 8, 2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914500079.
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The electronic behavior of semiconducting carbon nanotubes based CNTFET under the influence of radial deformation defect present in the channel is theoretically investigated using nonequilibrium Green's function method self-consistently coupled with three-dimensional electrostatics. It was found that deformation in the CNTFET channel composed of a small diameter semiconducting carbon nanotube can increase its conductance by a factor of 4 or more depending upon the average reduction in the C – C bond length after compression. This increase in CNTFET conductance is directly related to the movement of the electronic states toward the Fermi level when the tubes are squeezed. Furthermore, the device ON–OFF current ratio also decreases with increase in applied compression which makes it hard to switch-OFF the device.
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Crocker, Kyle, Joshua Johnson, Wolfgang Pfeifer, Carlos Castro, and Ralf Bundschuh. "A quantitative model for a nanoscale switch accurately predicts thermal actuation behavior." Nanoscale 13, no. 32 (2021): 13746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02873a.
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Addo, Isaac B., Martin C. Thoms, and Melissa Parsons. "Barriers and Drivers of Household Water-Conservation Behavior: A Profiling Approach." Water 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121794.
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Factors that influence behavioral response (barriers and drivers) are important for household water-conservation practices. These factors either support or inhibit sustainable behavior. In this research, a latent profile analysis (LPA) was used within the capability-, opportunity-, and motivation-behavior (COM-B) framework to identify key barriers and drivers of household water-conservation behaviors. Participants (N = 510, mean age = 56.08 years, SD = 14.71) completed measures of psycho-social constructs related to barriers and drivers of water-conservation behavior. An LPA yielded a 3-profile statistical solution: capability (35.8%), opportunity (23.2%), and motivation (41.0%) conceptualizing levels of barriers and drivers of water-conservation behavior. Major identified barriers and drivers associated with these profile groupings were time constraints, acuity of water-efficient devices, lack of skills to adopt conservation practices, and availability of incentives/disincentives for water-saving devices. Validation analyses showed that the three COM-B groups diverged considerably based on socio-demographic status and actual water-conservation behavior. Results are pertinent to water authorities in identifying interventions to reduce barriers and promote drivers of positive household water-conservation behaviors by altering and directing appropriate COM-B dimensions to individual water consumers.
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Xu, Jianhua, Yongjiu Zhao, and Qian Xu. "Experimental Verification of the Weibull Distribution in a Reverberation Chamber." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (August 7, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8171978.
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A Weibull distribution has been proposed for the probability density function (PDF) of the magnitude of the E-field in a reverberation chamber (RC). However, the Weibull distribution has two parameters, and if the parameters are position sensitive, the use of the Weibull distribution could be very limited. We investigate the sensitivity of the estimated parameters of the Weibull distribution in this study; the measurement results show that the parameters of the Weibull distribution depend on the positions of the antenna (or device under test), but not sensitive, and the statistical behavior of the parameters can be quantified. This means that the model of the Weibull distribution has a wider usable frequency range than that of the Rayleigh distribution and the statistical variation of the parameters needs to be considered.
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Kirk, Megan A., Mohammad Amiri, Meysam Pirbaglou, and Paul Ritvo. "Wearable Technology and Physical Activity Behavior Change in Adults With Chronic Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 5 (December 26, 2018): 778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118816278.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of wearable device interventions (eg, Fitbit) to improve physical activity (PA) outcomes (eg, steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) in populations diagnosed with cardiometabolic chronic disease. Data Source: Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, an electronic search of 5 databases (Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) was conducted. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and May 2018 that used a wearable device for the full intervention in adults (18+) diagnosed with a cardiometabolic chronic disease were included. Excluded trials included studies that used devices at pre–post only, devices that administered medication, and interventions with no prospective control group comparison. Data Extraction: Thirty-five studies examining 4528 participants met the inclusion criteria. Study quality and RCT risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Data Synthesis: Meta-analyses to compute PA (eg, steps/day) and selected physical dispersion and summary effects were conducted using the raw unstandardized pooled mean difference (MD). Sensitivity analyses were examined. Results: Statistically significant increases in PA steps/day (MD = 2592 steps/day; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1689-3496) and MVPA min/wk (MD = 36.31 min/wk; 95% CI: 18.33-54.29) were found for the intervention condition. Conclusion: Wearable devices positively impact physical health in clinical populations with cardiometabolic diseases. Future research using the most current technologies (eg, Fitbit) will serve to amplify these findings.
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LAEUGER, JOERG, KLAUS WOLLNY, HEIKO STETTIN, and SIEGFRIED HUCK. "A NEW DEVICE FOR THE FULL RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 07n09 (April 10, 2005): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205030293.
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A new magneto-rheology device (MRD) was constructed, which can be used in combination with a Physica MCR roational rheometer form Anton Paar. The MRD is build around a parallel-plate measuring geometry. Maximum magnetic flux densities of up to 1 Tesla in the air gap between the two plates are possible. The distribution of the magnetic flux density in the measuring gap has been evaluated with the help of a three-dimensional Hall sensor. The MRD system allows simultaneous software controlled setting of the magnetic field strength and the use of all possible rheological test modes of the rheometer. In the past mostly flow curves based on purely rotational measurements have been used to investigate the rheological behavior of MRFs giving only limited information. A measuring method is introduced, which is based on oscillatory measurements and thus allowing an exact determination of a substance's visco-elastic properties as a function of the magnetic field strength. In addition to structure investigations at various magnetic field strength with standard oscillatory strains sweeps an oscillation measurement with constant amplitude and constant frequency was performed while changing the magnetic field strength in a logarithmic ramp (magneto-sweep). On a typical MRF significant transition points are observed which distinguish different regions. These transitions can directly be correlated to corresponding changes in the material's structure resulting from the increase in the magnetic flux density.
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Xiao, Tan, Yu Ren, Ping Wu, and Liao Kin. "A Nonlinear Mechanical Model for Tension of Bundles of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.793.
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Tensile strength distributions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) ropes and sub-bundles are studied by statistical approach based on the experimental data sets. It shows that the distributions can be adequately described by a two-parameter Weibull model. Considering further their nonlinear stress-strain behavior, the force-strain relation and tensile strength of SWNT bundles are studied. The Weibull modulus of the sub-bundles in a SWNT bundle can be estimated in terms of the maximum sustained force and the failure strain of the bundle. A SWNT bundle was subjected to tensile testing using a nano-mechanical testing device. The result suggests that the nonlinear behavior of SWNTs does affect the force-strain relation of SWNT bundles, mainly at large strain.
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Gorzelitz, Jessica, Chloe Farber, Ronald Gangnon, and Lisa Cadmus-Bertram. "Accuracy of Wearable Trackers for Measuring Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0072.
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Background: The evidence base regarding validity of wearable fitness trackers for assessment and/or modification of physical activity behavior is evolving. Accurate assessment of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is important for measuring adherence to physical activity guidelines in the United States and abroad. Therefore, this systematic review synthesizes the state of the validation literature regarding wearable trackers and MVPA. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted through October 2019 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018103808). Studies were eligible if they reported on the validity of MVPA and used devices from Fitbit, Apple, or Garmin released in 2012 or later or available on the market at the time of review. A meta-analysis was conducted on the correlation measures comparing wearables with the ActiGraph. Results: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria; all used a Fitbit device; one included a Garmin model and no Apple-device studies were found. Moderate to high correlations (.7–.9) were found between MVPA from the wearable tracker versus criterion measure (ActiGraph n = 14). Considerable heterogeneity was seen with respect to the specific definition of MVPA for the criterion device, the statistical techniques used to assess validity, and the correlations between wearable trackers and ActiGraph across studies. Conclusions: There is a need for standardization of validation methods and reporting outcomes in individual studies to allow for comparability across the evidence base. Despite the different methods utilized within studies, nearly all concluded that wearable trackers are valid for measuring MVPA.
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Bian, Baoan, Jingjuan Yang, Xiaoxiao Han, Peipei Yuan, and Yuqiang Ding. "Rectification in zigzag graphene/BN nanoribbon heterojunction." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 32 (November 20, 2018): 1850395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503955.
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We investigate the effect of changed BN nanoribbon on the rectifying behavior in zigzag graphene/BN nanoribbon heterojunction using first principles based on non-equilibrium Green’s function and density functional theory. The increased BN length in the scattering region reduces the rectifying performance of the device, and the maximum rectifying ratio is [Formula: see text] in the heterojunction. We discuss the different rectifying characteristics for the designed models by calculating the transmission spectra at different biases. The rectifying phenomenon is further investigated by the projected density of state of device. Furthermore, we explain the observed negative differential resistance effect by the transmission spectra and transmission eigenstates. The results suggest that the zigzag graphene/BN nanoribbon heterojunction leads to the asymmetric current, causing the rectifying phenomenon, and the BN length in the scattering region can modulate the rectifying performance of zigzag graphene/BN nanoribbon heterojunction.