To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Stations de radio publiques.
Journal articles on the topic 'Stations de radio publiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Stations de radio publiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Boivin, Jean. "Les musiques classique, moderne et contemporaine larguées par la radio publique : le cas d’Espace musique." Circuit 16, no. 3 (January 29, 2010): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/902416ar.
Full textAbstract:
À l’automne 2004, la Société Radio-Canada remplaçait la Chaîne culturelle par une nouvelle chaîne radio vouée aux émissions musicales, Espace musique, dont le ton et le contenu allégés ont suscité de vives réactions dans le milieu musical québécois. La place accordée à la musique classique, mais aussi aux commentaires avertis axés sur les oeuvres musicales et sur la vie culturelle en général s’y révèle considérablement réduite. Quant aux musiques nouvelles et contemporaines, elles se voient reléguées à la périphérie d’une programmation ouvertement populiste, éclectique et multiculturelle. Sur les ondes d’Espace musique, les véritables spécialistes de la culture sont de moins en moins appelés à commenter les réalisations artistiques marquantes ou émergentes, et à situer dans leur contexte les diverses démarches créatrices, d’ici ou d’ailleurs. Cette modification en profondeur de la radio publique canadienne de langue française, naguère de haut calibre mais jugée trop élitiste par ses dirigeants, répondrait à une volonté d’élargir la clientèle et de mieux témoigner de la diversité culturelle canadienne. Les conséquences à plus long terme paraissent toutefois inquiétantes, de nombreuses sociétés de concerts éprouvant déjà des difficultés à recruter un nouveau public. La Société Radio-Canada aurait-elle pris le mauvais virage, alors que de nouveaux moyens de diffusion de la musique se développent, y compris des stations de radio spécialisées, privées et accessibles uniquement sur la Toile? Le soutien accordé durant plusieurs décennies aux créateurs et à leurs interprètes par les radios publiques, au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde occidental, aurait-il été en partie abandonné? La musique contemporaine pourrait être l’une des principales perdantes de ce paysage radiophonique en rapide transformation. À titre d’exemple, les entrevues avec les compositeurs ont pratiquement été éliminées des ondes de la radio publique canadienne. Cotes d’écoute, commentaires d’auditeurs et citations de spécialistes de l’histoire de la radio appuient ce texte volontairement polémique en faveur d’une plus grande responsabilisation des dirigeants de la radio d’État, notamment en ce qui concerne le répertoire moderne et contemporain.
2
Panier, Wisnique. "Réception et participation des auditeurs haïtiens à l’ère du numérique." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v9.n1.2020.422.
Full textAbstract:
FR. Cette étude analyse les changements dans les relations entre les publics des radios et des journalistes haïtiens sous l’influence des technologies numériques. Ces dernières donnent-elles une plus grande place au public dans le système radiophonique ? Changent-elles certaines clauses du contrat de communication qui lie les journalistes ou les animateurs et les publics des radios haïtiennes ? Cette étude s’inscrit dans une perspective systémique et fondée sur une analyse qualitative des données d’entretien et d’observation. Les résultats de cette étude relèvent que le numérique favorise de nouvelles formes de réception des informations et de participation des membres de l’auditoire dans les émissions radiophoniques de débat. Néanmoins, les changements observés ne conduisent pas à une transformation du contrat de communication publique qui relie les différents partenaires d’échange. Les clauses fondamentales du contrat ou les paramètres fondamentaux des émissions sont inchangés. Certes, il y a un élargissement des modalités de participation aux émissions radiophoniques de débats, mais cette participation reste et demeure l’apanage des auditeurs lettrés. Donc, le numérique ne permet pas de révolutionner cet état de fait. Les nouvelles formes de participation comme les formes traditionnelles sont toujours profitables à une élite, particulièrement politique, mais qui est plus élargie. Les principaux changements se produisent en dehors des ondes, c’est-à-dire, avec les nouvelles formes de participation qui se tiennent via les réseaux sociaux. Sur le plan de la réception, le numérique permet à une grande partie du public d’écouter les émissions où il veut, quand il veut et sur le support désiré. Il n’est plus question d’attendre la reprise d’une émission ratée. Elles sont en grande partie disponibles en baladodiffusion.
***
EN. This study analyzes the changes in the relationships between radio audiences and Haitian journalists in the age of digital technology. Do these technologies offer the public a more substantial place in the radio system? Do they change clauses of the communication contract that bind journalists or broadcasters and audiences of Haitian radio stations? This study deploys a systemic perspective and is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and observation data. The results of this study demonstrate that digital technology is fostering new forms of news reception and audience participation in radio talk shows. However, the changes observed do not lead to a transformation of the public communication contract which links the different partners. The fundamental clauses of the contract and the fundamental parameters of the issues are unchanged. Admittedly, there is a widening of the methods of participation in the radio broadcasts of debates, but this participation remains the prerogative of literate listeners, so digitization does not revolutionize this state of affairs. New forms of participation, like traditional forms, are profitable for an elite, particularly political, only broader. The main changes are happening off-air, that is, with new forms of participation that take place via social media. In terms of reception, digital technology allows audiences to listen to programs where they want, when they want and on the desired medium. There is no longer a need to wait for a rerun of a show as they are largely available as podcasts.
***
PT. Este estudo analisa as mudanças na relação entre o público de rádio e os jornalistas haitianos sob a influência das tecnologias digitais. As tecnologias digitais estariam abrindo mais espaço ao público na rádio? Estariam elas alterando certas cláusulas do contrato de comunicação entre jornalistas ou apresentadores e o público das rádios haitianas? Esse estudo parte de uma perspectiva sistêmica baseada em uma análise qualitativa dos dados colhidos em entrevistas e observação. Os resultados revelam que a tecnologia digital está promovendo novas formas de recepção das informações e de participação da audiência em programas de debate radiofônicos. No entanto, as mudanças observadas não acarretam uma transformação do contrato de comunicação pública entre os diferentes parceiros da troca. As cláusulas fundamentais do contrato e os parâmetros básicos dos programas permanecem inalterados. Há certamente uma ampliação das modalidades de participação em programas de debate radiofônicos, mas essa participação continua sendo majoritariamente de ouvintes alfabetizados. Portanto, a tecnologia digital não torna possível revolucionar esse estado de coisa. As novas formas de participação, bem como as formas tradicionais, sempre beneficiam uma elite, particularmente a política, ainda que essa seja ampliada. As principais mudanças vêm ocorrendo fora das ondas, ou seja, com as novas formas de participação promovidas pelas redes sociais. Em termos de recepção, a tecnologia digital permite que grande parte do público ouça os programas onde quiser, quando quiser e na mídia que quiser. Não é mais preciso esperar a retransmissão de um programa perdido, a maioria estando disponível nos podcasts.
***
3
HORVATH, JAMES L., and STEPHEN F. KNIGHT. "Valuing Radio Stations." Business Valuation Review 10, no. 3 (September 1991): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/0882-2875-10.3.111.
Full text
4
Pfund, Richard. "EFFICIENT RADIO STATIONS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 27, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1915.tb00377.x.
Full text
5
Clark, Andrew M., and Olaf Werder. "Analyzing International Radio Stations." International Communication Gazette 69, no. 6 (December 2007): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048507082840.
Full text
6
Torres, Bruno Araújo. "Community Radio Stations in Brazil." Journal of Radio & Audio Media 18, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2011.616784.
Full text
7
Grochulski, Łukasz. "PRÓBA CHARAKTERYSTYKI ROCKOWYCH STACJI RADIOWYCH W POLSCE." Civitas et Lex 18, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2493.
Full textAbstract:
The offer of Polish radio stations is relatively extensive. Polish radio market offers many radiostations with diversified music profiles. This collection also includes rock radio stations. In thispaper, the main aim was to prove that rock radio stations in Poland have a special tastemakingand educational function, both by presenting varied subgenres of rock music and by demonstratinghistory and curosities of rock genre. In addition, they inform users about the most important,current music events. Their news shows are full of miscellaneous informations. Morning showsin those radio stations have an ‘easy-going’ form and contain many humorous elements aimed atmaking the audience laugh and feel better. The article is also dedicated to the history of rock music the etymology of word rock and the problems associated with defining this genre. Moreover, therewere demonstrated selected, historically important rock radio stations and the current structureof rock radio stations in Poland. What is more, this paper contains part about most popular rockradio stations – Antyradio and Eska Rock, which were analyzed in terms of music, programmesand other broadcasts aired on these stations.
8
Balfanz, Henry B. "Radio Daze." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 14, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v14i1.10113.
Full textAbstract:
Radio has been a part of the American advertising landscape since the 1920s. Many threats to the industry have been thwarted by the strength and effectiveness of the medium. Prior to the deregulation of the industry in the 1990s and the technological change of the 21st century, there were literally hundreds of small entrepreneurs, owning one or two stations, spread across the country. This is the mythical story of Gus Rowekamp, who owns two stations in a midsize Midwestern market. He hangs on as an owner/operator, putting most of his focus on the efforts of his advertising sales staff.
9
Perelló-Oliver, Salvador, and Clara Muela-Molina. "The Use of Radio Advertorials in Spanish Radio Stations." Palabra Clave 22, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.7.
Full textAbstract:
Radio advertorials (RA) are long advertisements broadcasted within the programming and executed by journalists to imitate editorial content. An analysis of their presence, use and characteristics confirms that journalists and radio owners are not rigorous in the application of the codes of conduct that regulate this advertising feature in Spain. This work focuses on these rules and propose a matrix of variables, such as time slot, product category, type of endorser, advertiser identification, format and copy text style, which identifies these inappropriate practices in the sample under study. The results show that RAs are more prevalent during time slots with higher audience ratings and in programmes hosted by well-known radio personalities. Also, most RAs are embedded within the editorial content of programmes and are formatted as interviews, and their copy style is informative.
10
Rennie, Ellie. "Review: Community Radio in Bolivia: The Miners' Radio Stations." Media International Australia 115, no. 1 (May 2005): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511500121.
Full text
11
Prompitak, Pongsin. "Management of Eastern Farmers Association Community Radio and Ban Huakrok Community Radio, Chon Buri Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1105.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed to study the management of Eastern Farmers Association Community Radio and Bann Huakrok Community Radio, to investigate the community’s participation in the two community radio stations, and to seek good management methods practiced by both community radio stations. The instruments used to collect data for this qualitative research included in-depth interview,document analysis, and non-participant observation.It was found that both community radio stations employed the same method in personnel management; that is, there was an appropriate proportion of the number of staff and radio programs and type of radio programs. Regarding the budget and supply management, so the management strategies had to be active all the time. Moreover, both radio stations had similar management systems in that they had careful budget plans which could be audited. Regarding audience management, both stations provided their listeners opportunities to request songs, share information, and be interviewed on air. Since both stations’ management styles were informal, the work was flexible. Regarding the community’s participation, both stations opened widely for any participation from the radio committee to the DJs. A recommended management strategy was the dynamic strategy which consisted of both proactive and reactive tactics, focusing on two-way communication.
12
Kruglova, Liudmila, and Sofiya Dolganova. "Visualisation of Radio: Audiovisual Content Strategies of Moscow Radio Stations in Social Media During the Turbulence." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 436–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2023.12(3).436-451.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the results of a study of the content strategies related to visualisation of Moscow's top-rated radio stations in social media. The objectives were to determine the activity of Moscow radio stations and audience response in social media during the turbulent late 2022. First, the official accounts of forty three Moscow radio stations on the platforms VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, in the messenger Telegram* and on the video hosting YouTube, as well as Yandex Zen, Twitter*, TikTok*, Yappy, RuTube and so on were analyzed. For a more detailed analysis of content strategies, ten radio stations leading the Mediascope ranking were selected. The analysis was carried out according to the following criteria: the presence of official representation in social media, the number of subscribers, forms, formats and genres of activity of the radio station, the audience response to the content of the radio station in social networks and messengers. Particular attention in the study was paid to the ways in which the selected radio stations were visualized. The results of the analysis show that VKontakte remains the most popular platform for radio stations during the turbulence, followed by YouTube, Odnoklassniki, Telegram* and Zen. Social media pages are used by stations as a specific method of expansion or as a means of strategic interaction with the audience. The predominance of video content is observed on two platforms — Vkontakte and YouTube; music stations are the most active in posting it. Radio stations are not particularly active in publishing video content on the site, and almost all of them post videos from their YouTube channels. A number of radio stations do not publish video content at all. The most popular are short vertical videos and 'long' horizontal recordings created from both on-air and unique off-air content. There are practically no broadcasts (except for the news content of "Moscow Talks"). The channels' audience is rather passive. With regular video broadcasts and publication of content, radio stations achieve high audience engagement.
13
Saturwar, Dr Jitendra Saturwar,, Dhruv Sheth, Yash Shah, Riddhi Siddhpura, and Tanvi Dhumal. "AI Radio App." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a6894.0511122.
Full textAbstract:
We present a live streaming app for Android And iOS devices and Web using URL. The app is useful for three reasons first, all your favorite radio stations will be grouped in one place, and hence, you can easily play and switch from one station to another without any hassle. Second, it is an app that turns your device into a radio setting you listen to live streaming stations while in the office, on the road, or in any other setting. Third, it is the Voice assistant-based app that takes input from the User command and plays channel according to the command. The app is similar to Spotify but on a smaller scale. This application provides a facility to listen to your favorite music anytime, anywhere. It provides live streaming from radio stations all around the globe. It is distinct from on-demand file serving. Internet radio is also distinct from podcasting, which involves downloading rather than streaming. Many Internet radio services are associated with a corresponding traditional (terrestrial) radio station or radio network. Internet using radio stations are independent of such associations. Internet radio services are usually accessible from anywhere in the world. The app has two main contributions: 1) We describe all the steps and components needed to develop such an app. 2) We also discuss the functionality and the trade- offs using different components and approaches. Radio audiences will be formed of all segments of society even people who are handicapped.
14
Zadnikar, Gita. "Radio Libere: An Experiment with Radio Broadcasting in Italy." Monitor ISH 17, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/1580-7118.17.2.7-24(2015).
Full textAbstract:
The 1970s expansion of free radio stations throughout Europe and the experiences of that movement over the following years encouraged diverse reflections on, and experiments with, the ways of using media and new technologies. Of course the experience of Radio Alice and other free radio stations in the Italy of the late 1970s only became possible when the radio as a communication tool became affordable and technically accessible to a new social subject – the student movement and social movements predominantly consisting of young people. What left the deepest mark on the period, however, was a fundamental change in the attitude of social and political movements to the media.
15
Pilitsidou, Zacharenia, Nikolaos Tsigilis, and George Kalliris. "Radio Stations and Audience Communication: Social Media Utilization and Listeners Interaction." Issues in Social Science 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v7i1.14743.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to explore how Greek radio stations utilize social media and Facebook in particular, and to look into factors that influence interaction with their audience. Twenty radio stations broadcasting from the two largest cities in Greece were selected according to their radio profile and number of followers. The duration of the study was two weeks, weekends included, with one month time lag between them. Results showed that the type of content seems to influence audience’s participation. Listeners had higher participation when they were reading information with content of their favourite radio broadcasting. Moreover, it was noticed that a specific time of the day might facilitate communication between radio stations and their listeners. Interaction patterns differ in relation to radio profile and radio stations broadcasting location. This paper represents a first attempt to investigate the ways Greek radio stations utilize social media to accomplish higher participation levels. An interaction index was introduced and used in order to better reflect radio station audience interaction. Given the relatively short observation period present these findings should be considered preliminary and exploratory. Longer data collection period combined with alternative social media such as Twitter, can provide a deeper understanding of the topic. Radio stations can utilize the present findings to develop a more effective strategy communication through social media.
16
Wolff, A. M., D. M. Akos, and S. Lo. "Potential radio frequency interference with the GPS L5 band for radio occultation measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (November 18, 2014): 3801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3801-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Future radio occultation (RO) receivers are planned to utilize the newly implemented Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 band centered at 1176.45 MHz. Since there are currently no operational GPS L5 receivers used for space-based RO applications, the interference environment is unclear. Distance measuring equipment (DME) and tactical air navigation (TACAN) stations share the same frequency band as GPS L5. The signals from these stations have been identified as possible sources of interference for any GPS L5 receiver, including those used in RO applications. This study utilizes Systems Tools Kit (STK) simulations to gain insight into the power received by a RO satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO) from a DME–TACAN transmission as well as the amount of interfering stations. In order to confirm the validity of utilizing STK for communication purposes, a theoretical scenario was recreated as a simulation and the results were confirmed. Once the method was validated, STK was used to output a received power level aboard a RO satellite from a DME–TACAN station as well as a tool to detail the number of interfering DME–TACAN stations witnessed by a space-based RO receiver over time. The results indicated a large number of DME–TACAN stations transmitting at similar orientations as a receiving RO satellite, thereby leading to the possibility of signal degradation in an unclear interference environment.
17
الشميري, مجيب. "Attitudes of Yemeni Audience towards Local Private Radio stations: A Field Study on FM Stations." Journal of Social Studies 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v24i1.1311.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Yemeni audience towards the local FM radio stations. It investigated the attitudes of the audience towards the performance of the new radio stations in the country. A field study was carried out on a sample of the public audience in the vicinity of the capital Sana'a by conducting a survey on a random stratified sample of 300 respondents. The study revealed that Yemeni audience had positive and negative attitudes towards the performance of the modern radio stations. The findings showed that there was a positive correlation between the level, motivations and gratifications of exposure and the attitudes towards the local private radio stations. The results also revealed differences among the Yemeni audience in the level of their attitudes towards the radio stations based on the variations in variables of gender and level of education.
18
Manns, Howard. "Scripting radio language amidst language shift in Indonesia." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 24, no. 1 (April 18, 2014): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.24.1.02man.
Full textAbstract:
There is a shift underway in many areas of Indonesia from local, ethnic languages like Javanese, to the national language, Indonesian. Few studies have explored the complexities faced by radio stations targeting the audiences undergoing this shift. This article explores the attitudes influencing the design of radio language at three local radio stations in East Java. Semi-structured interviews, based on extracts of radio language, are conducted with program directors and announcers at these stations. These data are used to outline how radio stations approach the design of radio talk amidst language shift. This paper explains this shift using two overlapping frames of media and language: audience design and mental scripts. Analysis shows both frames to be useful for understanding the design of radio language in East Java. A concluding discussion shows how a multi-dimensional understanding of radio language can provide important information on speech communities in-flux.
19
Al-Mahadin, Salam. "Gendered soundscapes on Jordanian radio stations." Feminist Media Studies 17, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1261461.
Full text
20
Rickard, Laura N., and Richard C. Stedman. "From Ranger Talks to Radio Stations." Journal of Leisure Research 47, no. 1 (March 2015): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950349.
Full text
21
Haberland, Bernd, Fariborz Derakhshan, Heidrun Grob-Lipski, Ralf Klotsche, Werner Rehm, Peter Schefczik, and Michael Soellner. "Radio base stations in the cloud." Bell Labs Technical Journal 18, no. 1 (June 2013): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21596.
Full text
22
Yan, Yihua, Qijun Fu, Yuying Liu, and Zhijun Chen. "Measurements of Radio Interference at Solar Radio Stations in Beijing." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 196 (2001): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164289.
Full textAbstract:
Shahe Station of our Solar Radio Group has suffered from radio interference in recent years, so we decided to move our solar radio telescopes to Huairou Station of BAO. We measured radio interference at both sites recently and found that the radio interference is more serious in Shahe than in Huairou. Although the interference is low at the single working frequency, we do find some radio interference within the working band at Shahe. It is comparatively radio quiet at Huairou and suitable for placement of the solar radio instruments there.
23
Muela-Molina, Clara, Josefa D. Martín-Santana, and Eva Reinares-Lara. "Journalists as radio advertising endorsers in news or talk radio stations." Journalism 21, no. 12 (January 22, 2018): 1913–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917753785.
Full textAbstract:
This exploratory investigation studies the presence of journalists as advertising endorsers in news or talk radio stations when a mention or testimonial is embedded within programme, the characteristics of these advertisements, and the degree of their involvement with the message and the product and brand. The research analysed all programming contents from a sample of national stations, focusing on type, subject and length of endorsement, role of endorser, and frequency of brand mention and call to action. The results show that many cases do not respect the codes of conduct of the sector and bypass the distinction between editorial and commercial contents.
24
Havryliuk, Inna, and Tetiana Aleksakhina. "Videostream in the system of visual communication of radio stations." Obraz 35, no. 1 (2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2021.1(35)-76-83.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the video stream as a component of the visual content of Ukrainian radio stations. It is determined the specifics of the used video streams and development tendencies. It was studied out that in general, Ukrainian radio stations are focused on the global trend, which is to strengthen the visual component, so they try to use a new form of communication. Although this process is not very active. Realtime video broadcasts have heterogeneous forms; they are represented by different typological groups. It depends largely on the size, financial capacity and the needs of radio stations. The most complex technological process is observed on non-commercial radio stations.
25
Meng, Qingli. "Research on News Editing Skills of Radio Stations Based on New Media Era." Insight - News Media 2, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/inm.v2i1.315.
Full textAbstract:
<p>With the continuous development of Internet technology, the development of radio stations has encountered great challenges. Facing the current situation, how to effectively deal with the news gathering and editing work plays a vital role in the further development of radio stations. For this reason, this paper briefly analyzes the news editing skills of radio stations under the new media environment, with a view to providing some references for the radio and television industry.</p>
26
Goian, Oles, and Vita Goian. "First Commercial Private Radio Stations in Ukraine: From Experiments to Business." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 25 (2019): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2019.25.33-50.
Full textAbstract:
The article concerns the first two years (1992-1993) of the formation of commercial broadcasting in Ukraine. It studies the factors that influenced the creation of the first commercial radio stations, which gradually attempted to switch from a “game mode” to the broadcasting business and business entrepreneurship. The activity of the first ten commercial radio companies is studied by means of systematization, content analysis, generalization and other methods. The authors of the article offer the documented time of the first airwaves of each company mentioned (from the authors‟ personal archives). The role that these stations played in the formation of commercial private broadcasting in Ukraine is analyzed. Additional information is given about the creation of the Association of Private Radio Stations in Ukraine which was intended to unite commercial radio stations. The minute of the seminar “Local Radio” is published for the first time. The meeting with the head officers of the radio stations present was organized by the public organization International Media Center – Internews (Ukraine) and by the training center British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, England) from May 20 to June 3, 1994 in Pushcha-Vodytsia near Kyiv. It was there where they decided to create the association. One of the radio projects of MMC-Internews “Interview from Internews” is examined. It may be considered as the first radio project unifying commercial radio stations, and also the first student radio project at the private radio station in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study facts and documents (from the authors‟ personal archive) certifying the dialectic progress of Ukrainian commercial broadcasting from the so-called “musical patchwork” to the transformation into a profitable means of mass communication.
27
Kovtun, Natalia, and Svitlana Koval. "Typological Features of Polish Academic Radio Websites." Obraz 44, no. 1 (2024): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2023.3(43)-110-122.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Considering the rapid processes of convergence and digitalization, student radio stations have also begun operating online. Particularly illustrative in this regard are the websites of Polish radio stations, which position themselves as "Polish academic radio broadcasters." In the context of the theme of our research, the concepts of Polish student radio, university radio, and academic radio are synonymous. Relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to explore typological characteristics, content, and design of websites of Polish academic radio stations. For the first time, a generalized definition of the concept of «radio station website» and the classification of websites of student radio stations are proposed, typological features of Polish academic radio station websites are analyzed according to the identified criteria. Methodology. The work employs a number of interdisciplinary methods: analysis, synthesis, observation, monitoring, description, generalization, and systematization. Content analysis method is also applied to analyze the content of the websites. Results. It is established that all analyzed websites belong to informational-entertainment category by functional purpose; their content and categorization fully correspond to the orientation and information presentation style of the radio station; they conduct round-the-clock online broadcasting on their websites, utilizing various streaming capabilities. The design of the websites predominantly exhibits restrained aesthetics, catering to the preferences of the youth audience. Conclusions. The conducted analysis does not claim to be exhaustive but represents the first attempt to systematize existing types of websites of student radio stations. In the future, we plan to further study online student radio in detail.
28
Negus, Keith. "Plugging and programming: pop radio and record promotion in Britain and the United States." Popular Music 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000005353.
Full textAbstract:
The radio networks of North America and Britain provide one of the most important promotional outlets for recorded music, setting programming agendas at radio stations and influencing the talent acquisition policies of record labels throughout the world. For many years there have been sharp contrasts in the way in which music radio has operated and been organised in these two countries. The promotion of records in Britain has mainly been directed towards one national non-commercial station, Radio 1, which plays an eclectic mixture of musical styles. In the United States radio promotion has been aimed across a complex of commercial stations which broadcast ‘narrowcast’ music very clearly defined according to various ‘formats’. However, the recent re-regulation of the broadcasting system in Britain has resulted in a proliferation of regional commercial stations that are responding to increasing competition by introducing narrowcasting policies similar to those of North America. With Radio 1's share of listeners declining and the prospect of national commercial stations being granted licences and further challenging Radio 1's dominance of pop broadcasting, it seems particularly pertinent to contrast the practices of record companies and radio stations in Britain and North America and highlight how they directly effect the production and consumption of pop music.
29
Mayowa, Gbalaja. "Assessment of Radio Waves Propagation Pattern from Radio Stations in Lokoja and Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria." Advanced Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajste-au9cs6sp.
Full textAbstract:
Okene, Lokoja and their environs have been experiencing radio signal distortions and have been of great concern to the citizens due to bad quality signals and signal attenuation increase. This study assesses the patterns of radio wave propagation from five radio stations in Lokoja and Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria. Equipment, a field strength metre was used to measure signal strengths and quality of radio signals. Six locations in both Lokoja, Okene and the environs were selected for each radio station. The approximate distances between the transmitting and receiving antennas were determined. Thirty-five locations were measured inclusive of the five radio stations and the six selected positions. Three locations in Okene and another three locations in Lokoja were used. Thereafter, calculations of the signal wavelengths of each radio station and the free space path-loss of signals were calculated at the positions. Factors such as reflections by buildings, mountains and vegetation cover, refractions by the rivers, streams, rainfall and absorption of the human abdomen were looked into at such areas as likely causes of signal attenuation. Good locations to site FM radio stations were determined from the results. The approximate distances from the stations to establish booster stations in order to receive news adequately were also determined.
30
Mąka, Marcin, and Piotr Majzner. "Analytical - diffraction model of V-band propagation for the Radiocommunication Events Management System (REMS)." Annual of Navigation 26, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2019-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents an analytical-diffraction propagation model for the needs of the Radiocommunication Events Management System, for coast and ship radio stations in sea area A1. The V-wave propagation in sea area 1 has been analyzed as part of an analysis of ranges of particular radio stations and their ability to establish radio contact. The theoretical basis and assumptions on which the model structure design process is based have been presented. Methods of modelling and presentation of dislocation of particular radio stations and their ranges have been discussed.
31
Davis, Glyn. "The Irish Media." Media Information Australia 42, no. 1 (November 1986): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604200111.
Full textAbstract:
Three companies and one trustee own all the major Irish daily newspapers, though there are a number of independent weekly and regional publications. The state, through the Radio Telefis Eireann (the RTE, a public service broadcasting organisation modelled on the BBC but largely funded through advertising), runs all radio and television stations. At least, the state runs all official radio, for since the late 1970s several pirate radio stations have operated from Dublin. The government of Garret FitzGerald has promised to legitimise these stations through new broadcasting legislation.
32
Doliwa, Urszula, and Gabriella Velics. "Community Radio in Hungary and Its Place in the Society, Politics, and Education." Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202392.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the community radio scene in Hungary, focusing on two stations in Budapest: Tilos Radio and EPER Radio. The authors explore the unique characteristics and principles of community radio in Hungary through desk research and interviews with key players in the community radio movement conducted in October 2022. They highlight how these two stations, while differing in their specific forms of community broadcasting, share a commonality of being independent and offering an alternative to mainstream and public radio programming. Sustainability was identified as a significant challenge facing community radio stations in Hungary, primarily because of unfriendly media policy promoting voices supporting the government. The article also provides characteristics of the community radio concept and the historical context of community radio in Hungary, noting that this country was the first in Central and Eastern Europe to incorporate the third broadcasting sector into media law.
33
McEwan, Rufus. "Iwi radio in the era of media convergence: The opportunities and challenges of becoming ‘more than radio.’." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (July 31, 2019): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1.469.
Full textAbstract:
Operating for the past 30 years, New Zealand’s 'iwi radio' stations broadcast a mixture of te reo Māori and English language programming throughout the country. The 21 stations that presently operate were established as a strategy to improve upon the severe decline in the indigenous language. As radio stations, each initiative also affords individual Māori groups some autonomy in the mediated protection and promotion of indigenous identity. Collectively represented by Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori, the iwi stations stand apart from the highly-consolidated mainstream commercial and public service sectors, but are now similarly confronted with the challenge of a rapidly changing media landscape. Utilising convergence as a prominent, albeit contentious, descriptor of media transformation, this article analyses the response of the iwi radio sector to convergence processes. Initiatives that include the integration of web and social media and the establishment of a networked switching platform to share iwi content highlight parallel opportunities and challenges for the iwi radio stations as they strive to become ‘more than radio’ on limited resourcing. This discussion highlights the experiences of radio practitioners tasked with the preservation and progress of indigenous voices in an era of convergence, providing further contextual insight into contemporary accounts of media transformation, radio and Māori media.
34
Fahmy, Ziad. "Early Egyptian Radio." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 15, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2022): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article historically traces some of Egypt’s early private radio stations which operated from the late-1920s until May 1934 when they were all forcefully shut down by the Egyptian government. It sheds light on this important early period in Egyptian media history and highlights the role of many unacknowledged early radio pioneers. More importantly, the article analyzes the early forced transition to government-controlled radio and the impact this sudden shift must have had on the owners, producers and listeners of these stations as well as its broader implications on Egypt’s media landscape. This top-down transition from media-capitalism to what I call media-etatism started with radio in the 1930s and, later on under Gamal Abdel Nasser, expanded to print and other media, exemplifying state control of media in Egypt for at least an entire generation.
35
STRELKOVSKAYA, Irina, Roman ZOLOTUKHIN, and Viktoria PASCALENKO. "RESEARCH OF AUDIO AND VIDEO TRAFFIC THE CHARACTERISTICS IN LOW-BANDWIDTH RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORKS." MEASURING AND COMPUTING DEVICES IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2219-9365-2023-76-26.
Full textAbstract:
The construction of mass service systems, namely automated control systems, requires preliminary analysis and modeling of traffic in their communication networks. Mathematical models of various types of traffic have been developed for public networks, which allows to estimate the necessary functional characteristics of equipment for building a communication network, depending on the number of users. Low-bandwidth communication networks, which are built on the basis of ultra high frequency and very high frequency (UHF/VHF) radio stations, are distinguished by low speed, high delay and jitter of data transmission. To work in such communication networks, special data transmission protocols are adapted and developed. In this paper, a study of the characteristics of audio and video traffic in low-bandwidth communication networks is carried out, which are built on the basis of UHF/VHF radio stations, which will allow creating a software implementation of simulated traffic modeling for the further determination of the services availability at the stage of planning and designing the communication system. Two personal computers and two modern RF‑7850M-HH UHF/VHF radio stations were used to study the characteristics of audio traffic. The radio stations worked in three operating modes: narrowband mode with a fixed carrier frequency FF, narrowband mode with pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency QL1A, and wideband mode ANW2C. The voice was transmitted in digital mode using the built-in MELP 2400 codec, and the "iperf-v2.0.5" software was used to determine the characteristics of the audio traffic on personal computers connected to these radio stations. Two personal computers, two modern RF‑7850M‑HH UHF/VHF radio stations, a video encoder and a video camera were used to study video traffic characteristics. The radio stations operated in ANW2C broadband mode. To evaluate the characteristics of the video traffic, the Wireshark software was used on a personal computer, with the help of which the video broadcast from the video encoder was presented. It was found that voice transmission in low-speed communication networks based on UHF/VHF radio stations occupies a bandwidth of 2 Kbit/s - 2.5 Kbit/s, and when voice and data are simultaneously transmitted in radio stations, data buffering and jitter increase. The resolution, bitrate, FPS, and necessary bandwidth of video traffic that can be transmitted via UHF/VHF radio communication channels are determined. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are provided for the transmission of video traffic through low-bandwidth communication channels.
36
Fisher, Pablo. "By any means: Paths to sustainability for Argentinas community radio stations." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00068_1.
Full textAbstract:
During 2016 and 2017 the Centro de Producciones Radiofnicas (CPR-CEPPAS) conducted a research project on the ways 11 community radio stations in Argentina generate and manage financial resources. We selected a comprehensive sample with different types of community radio stations and used UNESCO's Media Development Indicators as a starting point. The main goal of the investigation was to deepen our knowledge about the relationship between community radio stations and the market, taking into account work, financial planning and management. We approached the radio stations with the understanding that their sustainability could be measured on multiple levels, not only financially, but also by putting special attention to the economic aspect of sustainability. We draw regularities, identified strengths and weaknesses, and pointed out creative fundraising methods. Our main conclusion is that the multiplicity and diversity of funding sources is a distinctive element of the definition of community radio.
37
Oyarce-Cruz, Jacqueline, Melissa Medina Paredes, and Markus Maier. "Indigenous Amazonians on air: Shipibo–Konibo radio broadcasters and their social influence in Peru." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180118823561.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes how Peruvian Shipibo–Konibo people instrumentalize local radio stations to participate in civil society and to become social leaders supported by their communities. The investigational group consisted of Shipibo–Konibo communicators, all of them are men, who work at local radio stations located in the region Ucayali, Amazonas, Peru. The indigenous radio broadcasters interviewed were chosen from the most popular radio stations of Ucayali. Topics in radio programs are politics, corruption, abuse, mishandling, as well as celebrations, traditional holidays, communities’ anniversaries, and other cultural activities. Promoting social demands of their localities has given rise to new generations who now attend university and conduct radio programs in Shipibo–Konibo and Spanish, to communicate their concerns. It is an exploratory type research with a qualitative approach, focused on radio programs that got more local audience in the Peruvian Amazonia.
38
Nasonova, Yuliya V. "Information Agenda at Entertaining Radio Stations on the Example of “Radio Dacha”." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 19, no. 6 (2020): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-6-171-179.
Full textAbstract:
Radio content is central to the formation of the broadcast programming grid. News releases, depending on the format of the radio station, are broadcast regularly: every 15 minutes, every half hour, every hour. And also the format of the media affects the specifics of the compilation and layout of the news block. The functional features of news broadcasting of information radio stations are, first of all, the “depth” of news feed with the possibility of a detailed description of current events, inclusion of expert comments and ratings in the issue. In turn, for entertainment radio stations, a certain “narrowness” of information broadcasting is inherent, which should correlate with the format of the media and the age of its target audience. In order to indicate the information agenda on entertainment radio stations, the author analyzes it using the popular “Radio Dacha” as an example. The purpose of this study is to identify the functional features and characteristics of the news releases broadcast on “Radio Dacha”. To conduct the study, the method of included observation and content analysis of news releases on radio stations from April 2011 to December 2019 were used. The study showed that it is the format of the radio station that plays a key role in the formation of news releases. The layout is also affected by the target audience and program policy of the radio station. Listeners are told about the pragmatic but exciting side of life. The news is broadcast on the main agenda in Russia and the world in a short but capacious format that echoes the rhetoric of the ruling political party. Based on what, we can draw the following conclusion: there is informational content on “Radio Dacha”, but news release is rather an actual infotainment program without a “depth” of information material.
39
Padfield, Jerry. "Community radio in the United Kingdom: Lessons from a demographic survey in Cornwall." Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/iscc_00041_1.
Full textAbstract:
Since the establishment of community radio in the United Kingdom in 2004, it has become an integral part of the mediascape, founded on the basis of providing ‘social gain’ to the communities it serves. Little research has been done, however, into the number of people listening to the almost 300 stations now active in the United Kingdom. This article presents the data from three demographic surveys carried out in March 2020 and reports the radio listening habits of three towns served by community radio stations. A quantitative survey of radio listening habits was undertaken in the broadcast area of three community radio stations in Cornwall, United Kingdom: Source FM in Falmouth, RSAB in Saint Austell and CHBN in Truro. Data were gathered using a mixture of street interviews and online surveys. These data are presented, highlighting listening numbers and audience demographics in the three stations surveyed. It presents an analysis of potential lessons for the community radio sector in small rural towns such as those in the survey and for the rest of the United Kingdom. It advocates for the adoption of a rhizomatic, ‘agonistic’ approach to community radio to increase listenership and civil interaction and thereby social gain.
40
Gadzekpo, Audrey, Abena Animwaa Yeboah-Banin, and Sarah Akrofi-Quarcoo. "A case of double standards? Audience attitudes to professional norms on local and English language radio news programmes in Ghana." Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00008_1.
Full textAbstract:
The proliferation of radio stations across Africa has engendered an increase in local language radio stations and fuelled culturally-rooted practices of news delivery considered by many media professionals as sub-standard. This article explores the reception practices of multi-lingual audiences in Ghana, focusing on their views on the different norms and approaches of local language and English language radio newscasts. Using data from a convenience sample of 1000 radio listeners in five Ghanaian cosmopolitan cities the study finds that audiences prefer more performative modes of news delivery on their local language stations. It was also evident that radio audiences are discerning and make distinctions between what is acceptable on local language versus English language radio. These results call for a reconsideration of western-influenced standards of news delivery and the development of professional standards more accommodating of the inflections of culture.
41
Kruglova, Liudmila, and Yulia Dunze. "Genres, Themes and Expressive Means of Moscow FM Information Radio Stations." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2021.10(1).51-62.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of an intermediate stage of a comprehensive study of information radio broadcasting. Using a content analysis, the authors study the morning broadcast of all-news radio stations Business FM, Vesti FM and Kommersant FM in the period of May 14–20, 2018. The criteria for the analysis include genre and theme preferences, time-line, expressive means, the structure of information sessions, formats and forms of the news programs, the work of radio hosts and reporters, and others. According to the results of the research, Business FM and Kommersant FM broadcast informational programs rather than analytical ones, while Vesti FM includes long live analytical talk-programs in its running order, which dilutes the informational format of the radio station. The programs of the informational genre are mainly informational message, press review, and mail review. The state radio station Vesti FM still broadcasts radio reports, while the two independent radio stations have stopped using them in favor of the so-called «package». Vesti FM focuses mostly on issues of international politics and social problems, whereas the commercial stations Business FM and Kommersant FM prefer mainly internal and international politics and economic problems. All the three-radio stations do not fully use the expressive means of radio; the key ones are the voice and underscoring.
42
Bakanov, Roman P., and Kamilla A. Nurutdinova. "Methods of manipulating public opinion when covering political events by Russian and German’s radio stations." Neophilology, no. 4 (2023): 914–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2023-9-4-914-930.
Full textAbstract:
The research is devoted to the identification and study of methods of manipulating public opinion when covering political events by radio stations in Russia and Germany. Obtaining accurate and verified information about the events of reality is the constitutional right of every person, and the formation of an objective picture of the world and the explanation of the phenomena occurring is the most important function of the editorial office of each media. However, at present, the priority of the media is the formation (often imposition) of a certain public opinion that can distort the real situation both in the local and international context. 842 broadcasts of radio stations of different forms of ownership of Russia and Germany (three from each country) for the period from 17.01.2021 to 01.11.2022 were studied. On the example of four widely publicized Russian media events of a political nature, using the methods of content, plot-composition, lexico-stylistic and comparative analysis of radio broadcasts revealed the use of certain (even identical) manipulative techniques on both Russian and German radio stations. The leader in the regularity of the use of manipulative techniques was the state radio station “Vesti FM” (Russia) and “Deutschlandradio” (Germany), while correspondents of other radio stations studied by us presented information about events of interest to us on the air, as a rule, briefly, discreetly and only in a news format. The practice of regular use of manipulative techniques does not allow us to speak about the objective presentation of selected political media events by correspondents of some Russian and German radio stations. It seems that the current situation could contribute to the creation of an incomplete picture of the world among the audience of these radio stations. A conclusion has been reached that it is possible to minimize such cases only by continuing the activity of forming and developing a person’s critical thinking.
43
Waal, Albert. "COEXISTENCE OF TELEVISION BROADCASTING, FM BROADCASTING, DIGITAL BROADCASTING IN DAB AND DRM+ STANDARDS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 10, no. 1 (2024): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2024-10-1-18-23.
Full textAbstract:
The model parameters of analogue and digital radio and TV broadcasting networks are determined on the basis of data on frequency assignments to radio broadcasting stations using information on issued permits for the use of radio frequency channels of existing and planned radio broadcasting stations. The parameters of the network model are also determined on the basis of data contained in the database on frequency assignments of a radio frequency service organization or radio frequency application materials for obtaining an EMC examination conclusion submitted to a radio frequency service organization to obtain permission to use frequency blocks / radio frequency channels for the declared radio broadcasting stations. The problem of sharing the spectrum in the VHF band by terrestrial digital television broadcasting services (DVB-T standard, etc.), analogue television broadcasting, analogue FM audio broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting DAB/DAB+, DRM+ and RAVIS and the conditions for them coexistence are considered. Compatibility criteria and calculation algorithm are considered. Compatibility criteria and calculation algorithm are considered. Directions for further research are presented.
44
Savostyanov, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "Prime-time on TV and radio stations." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2104-05.
Full textAbstract:
At present, technology is developing at an incredible speed, and this has affected television and radio stations. The number of channels for getting information has increased with the arrival of such platforms as Instagram, TikTok, and Telegram. In fact, these social networks have taken most of the audience of young people and quickly gained momentum in different age categories. The advertisers must let people know about their products. One can spend millions of dollars on advertising, but miss a great flow of customers and consider it an unforgivable mistake to launch ads not in primetime, which is called "the best time" for this reason. In the article, the author examines what prime-time is, the characteristics of television prime-time, the characteristics of prime-time of radio stations, identifies the functions of prime-time, the cost of advertising on TV channels, the evolution of prime-time with time and the arrival of new technologies. The author of the article, a well-known practical scientist, director, and theorist of the art of directing, analyzes the problem of prime-time (the best time) on Russian television and radio stations in the framework of a scientific approach. The material of the article, which contains a significant share of novelty, can be used in the educational process in the fields of "TV Journalism" and "Public Relations".
45
Greer, Clark, and Tim Phipps. "Noncommercial Religious Radio Stations and the Web." Journal of Radio Studies 10, no. 1 (May 2003): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1001_4.
Full text
46
Poindexter, Mark. "Radio in Paris: Can community stations survive?" Journal of Radio Studies 4, no. 1 (January 1997): 258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376529709391696.
Full text
47
Lind, Rebecca Ann, and Norman J. Medoff. "Radio stations and the world wide Web." Journal of Radio Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1999): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376529909391723.
Full text
48
Perez-Neira, A., X. Mestre, and J. R. Fonollosa. "Smart antennas in software radio base stations." IEEE Communications Magazine 39, no. 2 (2001): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.900648.
Full text
49
Chen, Hongcai, Yaping Du, and Mingli Chen. "Lightning Transient Analysis of Radio Base Stations." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 33, no. 5 (October 2018): 2187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2017.2788039.
Full text
50
Zangi, K. C., and R. D. Koilpillai. "Software radio issues in cellular base stations." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17, no. 4 (April 1999): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.761036.
Full text