Journal articles on the topic 'Statics and dynamics (Social sciences)'
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1
Balland, Pierre-Alexandre, Ron Boschma, and Koen Frenken. "Proximity and Innovation: From Statics to Dynamics." Regional Studies 49, no. 6 (February 27, 2014): 907–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.883598.
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Lefèvre, Wolfgang. "Galileo Engineer: Art and Modern Science." Science in Context 13, no. 3-4 (2000): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700003847.
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The ArgumentIn spite of Koyré's conclusions, there are sufficient reasons to claim that Galileo, and with him the beginnings of classical mechanics in early modern times, was closely related to practical mechanics. It is, however, not completely clear how, and to what extent, practitioners and engineers could have had a part in shaping the modern sciences. By comparing the beginnings of modern dynamics with the beginnings of statics in Antiquity, and in particular with Archimedes — whose rediscovery in the sixteenth century was of great consequence — I will focus on the question of which devices played a comparable role in dynamics to that of the lever and balance in statics. I will also examine where these devices came from. In this way, I will show that the entire world of mechanics of that time — “high” and “low,” practical and theoretical — was of significance for shaping classical mechanics and that a specific relationship between art and science was and is constitutive for modern sciences.
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lefèvre, wolfgang. "galileo engineer: art and modern science." Science in Context 14, s1 (June 2001): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970100031x.
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in spite of koyré's conclusions, there are sufficient reasons to claim that galileo, and with him the beginnings of classical mechanics in early modern times, was closely related to practical mechanics. it is, however, not completely clear how, and to what extent, practitioners and engineers could have had a part in shaping the modern sciences. by comparing the beginnings of modern dynamics with the beginnings of statics in antiquity, and in particular with archimedes — whose rediscovery in the sixteenth century was of great consequence — i will focus on the question of which devices played a comparable role in dynamics to that of the lever and balance in statics. i will also examine where these devices came from. in this way, i will show that the entire world of mechanics of that time — “high” and “low,” practical and theoretical — was of significance for shaping classical mechanics and that a specific relationship between art and science was and is constitutive for modern sciences.
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Braun, Norman. "Dynamics and comparative statics of Coleman's exchange model*." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 15, no. 3-4 (January 1990): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250x.1990.9990073.
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Nagurney, Anna, Ding Zhang, and June Dong. "Spatial economic networks with multicriteria producers and consumers: Statics and dynamics." Annals of Regional Science 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680100066.
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Nativ, Assaf. "On the object of archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 25, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203818000016.
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AbstractThe paper ponders the object of archaeology, called here ‘the archaeological’. It argues that the existence of such an object is a necessary premise of the field and that ultimately it is on this object that the validity of all claims and arguments must rest. The paper suggests that the archaeological be conceived as a cultural phenomenon that consists in being disengaged from the social, an understanding that positions archaeology as a counterpart to the social sciences and the humanities, rather than a member in the same milieu. The first part of the paper focuses on the position of the archaeological with reference to the concepts of ‘Nature’ and ‘Culture’, which eventually leads us to a confrontation between archaeological statics and the dynamics of the world. Efforts to justify and understand archaeological statics consequently lead to the recognition of a constitutive distinction between buried and non-buried conditions, upon which the differentiation of the archaeological from the social is established.
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Brüderl, Josef. "Statics and dynamics of the Coleman model: Comment on Braun." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 15, no. 3-4 (January 1990): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250x.1990.9990074.
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Tslaf, Victor. "Regarding the concept of social and humanitarian cybernetics." Semiotic studies 1, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-4-6-21.
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The main attributes of natural, humanitarian, social and technical sciences are described in the article. The peculiarity of cybernetics is its duality: on the one hand, it is a natural science that studies information processes, statics and dynamics of control systems; on the other hand, it is a technical science, the task of which is to epistemically ensure the development of algorithms and technical means for analyzing, forecasting and managing processes in technical and socio-activity systems. The synthesis of cybernetics as a natural science with the humanities and social sciences is necessary in cases where it is necessary to form a mechanism for effective management of socio-activity systems based on data obtained by methods of socio-humanities, taking into account the requirements of cybernetics for management systems, to optimize management, to provide socio-activity systems with the properties of self-organization and learning. Theoretically, such a synthesis is necessary for the development of a general management theory of socio-activity systems and the theoretical management foundations of socio-cultural society modernization, which is considered to be one of the most actual tasks of our time. Socio-humanitarian cybernetics at this stage of its development is formed as a set of concrete examples of the cybernetics synthesis with the humanities and social sciences. The formation of socio-humanitarian cybernetics as a separate science with all its attributes: specific ontological and methodological base, library of developed models, archive of factual data, specific language for describing all scientific elements, unique problematic area, standard methods libraries for solving problems, logically completed theory and a set of hypotheses for the purpose of the theory further development in the future.
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Dudok, Roman. "Interlingual Processes of Interference in English Terminological System." Terminological Bulletin, no. 4 (2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-129-135.
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The article is concerned with an extensive research into the issue of structural, semantic and functional features of English social and political terminology. Social and political term is defined as a word or word combination that expresses political notion and belongs to science and political terminology as informative, meaningful and mono semantic unit. The aim of the research is to give an analysis of lexical-semantic peculiarities of the terminology researched in both statics and dynamics. We investigate different term formation means in order to reveal the most productive ones. Metaphor is the most efficient in semantic term formation, as such terms are motivated and establish relations with the other ones.
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Brinkman, Richard L. "Culture Evolution and the Process of Economic Evolution." International Journal of Social Economics 19, no. 10/11/12 (October 1, 1992): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000000516.
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Essays a conceptural clarification and theory of the process of economic evolution. Using the Veblenian matrix, conceptualizes the economic process in the framework of culture and its evolution. Economic evolution, as a gestalt, comprises the processes of both economic growth (quantitative statics) and development (qualitative dynamics). The dynamics of culture evolution is founded on the advance of technology which constitutes the “core of culture”. The essence of the process of culture evolution is contained in the dichotomy of useful knowledge. The advance of useful knowledge appears in its application as technology and in its store as culture. The process of economic evolution increases the capacity of culture and thereby enables humankind to take bigger and bigger bites of the infinity of knowledge. Culture evolution, fed by the dynamics of the economic process, offers the potential for an enhanced “consciousness of the cosmos” and as such a conception of human progress.
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Trubavina, Iryna, and Svitlana Boyko. "Socio-Pedagogical Aspects of Diagnostics of Family Problems of a Specialist in the Security and Defense Sector." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 1, no. 6 (344) (2021): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-6(344)-1-118-129.
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The article is focused on the problems of diagnostics of the security and defense specialists by a specialist of social and socio-pedagogical work in family problems. It is determined that the problems of families of Ukraine security and defense specialists under the hybrid war and military conflict in the East of Ukraine conditions are both general and special in the context of creating social conditions addressing issues of concern to the family. They may be subject to the work of military and social specialists in their departments and social work in the community with families, if they are in difficult life circumstances. The social diagnosis criterion is the quality of life of the family, which is an objective and subjective criterion, implemented through a system of indicators at the level of a particular family and its member and the family at the level of society. These criteria include quality of life such as physical health, emotional health (eg, satisfaction, self-esteem, happiness), material well-being, work, creativity, relationships, security, direct involvement in a particular society, which we revealed through indicators for families of security and defense specialists. Socio-pedagogical methods of determining the family life quality for making a family social diagnosis are generalized. When using them, we have to keep in mind that the family should be studied in statics and dynamics. Prospects for further research are the development of methods for studying the family in psychology, law and social sciences.
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Pescetelli, Niccolò, and Nick Yeung. "The effects of recursive communication dynamics on belief updating." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 22, 2020): 20200025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0025.
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Many social interactions are characterized by dynamic interplay, such that individuals exert reciprocal influence over each other's behaviours and beliefs. The present study investigated how the dynamics of reciprocal influence affect individual beliefs in a social context, over and above the information communicated in an interaction. To this end, we developed a simple social decision-making paradigm in which two people are asked to make perceptual judgments while receiving information about each other's decisions. In a Static condition, information about the partner only conveyed their initial, independent judgment. However, in a Dynamic condition, each individual saw the evolving belief of their partner as they learnt about and responded to the individual's own judgment. The results indicated that in both conditions, the majority of confidence adjustments were characterized by an abrupt change followed by smaller adjustments around an equilibrium, and that participants' confidence was used to arbitrate conflict (although deviating from Bayesian norm). Crucially, recursive interaction had systematic effects on belief change relative to the static baseline, magnifying confidence change when partners agreed and reducing confidence change when they disagreed. These findings indicate that during dynamic interactions—often a characteristic of real-life and online social contexts—information is collectively transformed rather than acted upon by individuals in isolation. Consequently, the output of social events is not only influenced by what the dyad knows but also by predictable recursive and self-reinforcing dynamics.
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Sosina, Victoria E., and Aliya Saperstein. "Reflecting Race and Status: The Dynamics of Material Hardship and How People Are Perceived." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312211245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221124578.
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In most stratification research, race is treated as a static and one-dimensional individual characteristic, though a growing literature indicates dynamic and multidimensional measures better represent experiences of racial categorization and inequality. The authors leverage such measures to explore the relationship between material hardship and racial reflected appraisals, or how people report being perceived by others. Results from the New York City Longitudinal Survey of Wellbeing are consistent with a bidirectional relationship: first, people who reported being seen as Black or Hispanic were significantly more likely to experience later material hardship, net of both racial self-identification and earlier hardship; second, people with hardship experience were significantly more likely to report been perceived as Hispanic and significantly less likely to report being perceived as White, no matter how they self-identified. These findings underscore the dynamics of racial categorization and highlight the utility of including reflected race measures in studies of inequality.
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Thompson, William Hedley, Per Brantefors, and Peter Fransson. "From static to temporal network theory: Applications to functional brain connectivity." Network Neuroscience 1, no. 2 (June 2017): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00011.
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Network neuroscience has become an established paradigm to tackle questions related to the functional and structural connectome of the brain. Recently, interest has been growing in examining the temporal dynamics of the brain’s network activity. Although different approaches to capturing fluctuations in brain connectivity have been proposed, there have been few attempts to quantify these fluctuations using temporal network theory. This theory is an extension of network theory that has been successfully applied to the modeling of dynamic processes in economics, social sciences, and engineering article but it has not been adopted to a great extent within network neuroscience. The objective of this article is twofold: (i) to present a detailed description of the central tenets of temporal network theory and describe its measures, and; (ii) to apply these measures to a resting-state fMRI dataset to illustrate their utility. Furthermore, we discuss the interpretation of temporal network theory in the context of the dynamic functional brain connectome. All the temporal network measures and plotting functions described in this article are freely available as the Python package Teneto.
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Kirby, Kevin, James Walden, Rudy Garns, and Maureen Doyle. "The Great Chains of Computing: Informatics at Multiple Scales." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i2.296.
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The perspective from which information processing is pervasive in the universe has proven to be an increasingly productive one. Phenomena from the quantum level to social networks have commonalities that can be usefully explicated using principles of informatics. We argue that the notion of scale is particularly salient here. An appreciation of what is invariant and what is emergent across scales, and of the variety of different types of scales, establishes a useful foundation for the transdiscipline of informatics. We survey the notion of scale and use it to explore the characteristic features of information statics (data), kinematics (communication), and dynamics (processing). We then explore the analogy to the principles of plenitude and continuity that feature in Western thought, under the name of the "great chain of being", from Plato through Leibniz and beyond, and show that the pancomputational turn is a modern counterpart of this ruling idea. We conclude by arguing that this broader perspective can enhance informatics pedagogy.
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Kirby, Kevin, James Walden, Rudy Garns, and Maureen Doyle. "The Great Chains of Computing: Informatics at Multiple Scales." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol9iss2pp434-443.
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The perspective from which information processing is pervasive in the universe has proven to be an increasingly productive one. Phenomena from the quantum level to social networks have commonalities that can be usefully explicated using principles of informatics. We argue that the notion of scale is particularly salient here. An appreciation of what is invariant and what is emergent across scales, and of the variety of different types of scales, establishes a useful foundation for the transdiscipline of informatics. We survey the notion of scale and use it to explore the characteristic features of information statics (data), kinematics (communication), and dynamics (processing). We then explore the analogy to the principles of plenitude and continuity that feature in Western thought, under the name of the "great chain of being", from Plato through Leibniz and beyond, and show that the pancomputational turn is a modern counterpart of this ruling idea. We conclude by arguing that this broader perspective can enhance informatics pedagogy.
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Labra Lillo, Romilio, and Celia Torrecillas. "Estimating dynamic Panel data. A practical approach to perform long panels." Revista Colombiana de Estadística 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rce.v41n1.61885.
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Panel data methodology is one of the most popular tools for quantitative analyses in the field of social sciences, particularly on topics related to economics and business. This technique allows us simultaneously addressing individual effects, numerous periods, and in turn, the endogeneity of the model or independent regressors. Despite these advantages, there are several methodological and practical limitations to perform estimations using this tool. Two types of models can be estimated with Panel data. While those of static nature have been the most developed, for performing dynamic models still remain some theoretical and practical constraints. This paper focus precisely on the latter, dynamics panel data, using an approach that combines theory and praxis, and paying special attention on estimations with macro database, that is to say, dataset with a long period of time and a small number of individuals, also called long panels.
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Vaslavskiy, Y. I. "Public-Private Partnership: High-Impact Alliance for Sustainability Targets." MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 5 (November 8, 2022): 27–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-5-86-27-63.
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Efficient organization of public-private partnership (PPP) has become especially urgent amid the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and numerous sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation. The importance of this issue stems from the fact that the Russian economy has found itself at a crossing of at least two fundamental systemic transformations.On the one hand, all economic systems of the world, to a greater or lesser degree, have experienced limits to the development of a static economy. On the other hand, companies that have suffered the most from sanctions against Russia have leading-edge practices in organizing and participating in technological platforms and corporate ecosystems using B2C and B2B strategies. Therefore, a qualitative change in the economy to resolve the societal crisis is a universal challenge, and Russia is not the only country facing it.In this light, the transformation of the static economic system into a dynamic one moves up the agenda. Such change usually starts with building new structural ties by sustainable big companies that must conform to the dynamic reality. Dynamics for an economy mean new development perspectives and enormous expansion potential. This new status bases on the principles of human-centrism and an important new role for talented, intellectually autonomous individuals in corporate and other structures. This article outlines the author's interdisciplinary perspective on innovative and emerging evaluation knowledge and practice related to the environment, natural resources management, climate change, and development. In recent years, evaluation has emerged as an increasingly important function in determining the worth and value of development interventions in terms of their relevance, impact, performance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability.We aspire to prove that PPP for Russia, following the pandemic-caused economic crisis and under Western sanctions, may perform a fundamental mission far more important than participation in producing public goods for budget funds. It could help the country to ensure a leap in its economy from statics to dynamics.This leap and respective transformations in corporate and social structures based on the human-centric principles could bring a multiplicative effect to the economy, quality of life, public policy, governance, and other spheres.
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Chen, Tongxin, Kate Bowers, and Tao Cheng. "Applying Dynamic Human Activity to Disentangle Property Crime Patterns in London during the Pandemic: An Empirical Analysis Using Geo-Tagged Big Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12120488.
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This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between different groups of explanatory variables (i.e., dynamic human activity variables, static variables of social disorganisation and crime generators, and combinations of both sets of variables) and property crime patterns across neighbourhood areas of London during the pandemic (from 2020 to 2021). Using the dynamic human activity variables sensed from mobile phone GPS big data sets, three types of ‘Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator’ (LASSO) regression models (i.e., static, dynamic, and static and dynamic) differentiated into explanatory variable groups were developed for seven types of property crime. Then, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was used to reveal the spatial associations between distinct explanatory variables and the specific type of crime. The findings demonstrated that human activity dynamics impose a substantially stronger influence on specific types of property crimes than other static variables. In terms of crime type, theft obtained particularly high relationships with dynamic human activity compared to other property crimes. Further analysis revealed important nuances in the spatial associations between property crimes and human activity across different contexts during the pandemic. The result provides support for crime risk prediction that considers the impact of dynamic human activity variables and their varying influences in distinct situations.
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Suslova, Irina P., Irina I. Korostyleva, and Stanislav V. Spektor. "Dominance of National Systems of Higher Education." Economic Strategies 168, no. 3 (183) (April 20, 2022): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-3.183.2022.148-163.
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The theory of economic dominance in a multilevel economy, developed by Blokhin A.A. and Lomakin-Rumyantsev I.V., has been actively tested by researches on different markets since 2019 — the distribution of players in the markets allows to formulate different strategies for their development. This article is a development of studies devoted to the study of competition in the education market and presents the result of economic dominance of national higher education systems in the international market. This research aims to analyze the subject areas of social sciences and management, for further identifying dominance in the QS ranking. The sample consists of 58 QS subject rankings for 2018–2021. The main instrument is the SV-matrix (strength/variety). The analysis outlines areas of subject ratings where there is dominance of national educational systems and characterizes its level. In addition, an interpretation of the situation when constructing the SV matrix, where Lind index shows boundary values when determining dominant group size. The SV matrix gives valid results and allows both qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the positions of countries in educational rankings. Analysis using SV-matrix made it possible to identify 8 out of 15 subject areas, in which there is clear dominance and determined positions of Russian universities relative to the dominant group. The hypothesis of United States presence in the dominant group in most areas of social sciences and management was confirmed, however, several subjects were defined, where the higher education system of anther countries were in the lead. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the proposal and testing of a method for assessing the level of dominance of national educational systems in the international education market. The SV matrix allows to analyze the positions of different countries in the international educational space, both in dynamics and in statics (to assess the level of competitiveness of national educational systems); to understand theoretically the level of differentiation of national educational systems in certain subject ratings; to assess the concentration (barriers to enter the rating) and the strength of competition (how strongly the players differ) of subject areas.
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Ashwin, Peter, Christian Bick, and Camille Poignard. "State-dependent effective interactions in oscillator networks through coupling functions with dead zones." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2160 (October 28, 2019): 20190042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0042.
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The dynamics of networks of interacting dynamical systems depend on the nature of the coupling between individual units. We explore networks of oscillatory units with coupling functions that have ‘dead zones’, that is the coupling functions are zero on sets with interior. For such networks, it is convenient to look at the effective interactions between units rather than the (fixed) structural connectivity to understand the network dynamics. For example, oscillators may effectively decouple in particular phase configurations. Along trajectories, the effective interactions are not necessarily static, but the effective coupling may evolve in time. Here, we formalize the concepts of dead zones and effective interactions. We elucidate how the coupling function shapes the possible effective interaction schemes and how they evolve in time. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences’.
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Go, Julian. "Capital, Containment, and Competition: The Dynamics of British Imperialism, 1730–1939." Social Science History 38, no. 1-2 (2014): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.5.
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What causes imperialism? Classic explanations of imperialism theorized causes within the imperial metropole, such as nationalist culture or the imperatives of capital accumulation. More recent theories emphasize global pressures. To assess these longstanding but rarely adjudicated theories, this paper employs original time-series data and qualitative evidence on British imperialism from the eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The analysis shows that British imperialism was not only a domestically produced process but also a global one. British imperialism was a strategy for meeting the state's imperatives of geopolitical security (containment) and economic growth (capital) in the face of external threats. Those threats were most likely to be perceived when the global system was at its most economically competitive. These findings affirm a “structural competition” approach that builds upon existing global-oriented theories but specifies the structural conditions and causal processes driving imperialism.
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Rebihić, Nehrudin, and Mirza Mahmutović. "Interdisciplinarity as a Rhetorical and Epistemological Practice: Erasing Boundaries Between Humanities and Social Sciences or the Need for Unity of Knowledge?" Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 8, no. 2(23) (December 30, 2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2023.8.2.13.
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The paper discusses the concept of interdisciplinarity from the perspective of humanities and social sciences. As both an idea and practice, interdisciplinarity is understood within the context of the complex dynamics of creating and reshaping institutional arrangements that regulate the processes of knowledge production, distribution, and instrumentalization in Western society, with universities, research centers, and departments at its core, organized according to separate academic disciplines. The paper questions the understanding of disciplines as closed, homogeneous, and static structures of knowledge organization. Instead, it reflects on the complex, multiple, and topological relationships of mutual interpenetration and constitution of disciplines, emphasizing their inherent hybridity, especially within the context of the synoptic identity of humanities disciplines. Furthermore, the paper highlights the moral assumptions underlying interdisciplinary research initiatives. The productivity of the conceptual framework concerning the centralistic, pluralistic, and integralistic models of interdisciplinarity is highlighted in analyzing the possibilities and outcomes of interdisciplinary approaches in social and humanities studies.
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Bednarik, Peter, Katrin Fehl, and Dirk Semmann. "Costs for switching partners reduce network dynamics but not cooperative behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1792 (October 7, 2014): 20141661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1661.
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Social networks represent the structuring of interactions between group members. Above all, many interactions are profoundly cooperative in humans and other animals. In accordance with this natural observation, theoretical work demonstrates that certain network structures favour the evolution of cooperation. Yet, recent experimental evidence suggests that static networks do not enhance cooperative behaviour in humans. By contrast, dynamic networks do foster cooperation. However, costs associated with dynamism such as time or resource investments in finding and establishing new partnerships have been neglected so far. Here, we show that human participants are much less likely to break links when costs arise for building new links. Especially, when costs were high, the network was nearly static. Surprisingly, cooperation levels in Prisoner's Dilemma games were not affected by reduced dynamism in social networks. We conclude that the mere potential to quit collaborations is sufficient in humans to reach high levels of cooperative behaviour. Effects of self-structuring processes or assortment on the network played a minor role: participants simply adjusted their cooperative behaviour in response to the threats of losing a partner or of being expelled.
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Gouveia, Luís, and Catarina Delaunay. "‘Focusing and Unfocusing’—Cognitive, Evaluative, and Emotional Dynamics in the Relationship with Human Embryos among ART Beneficiaries." Societies 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12010007.
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This article uses data gathered from a study conducted in Portugal to examine the (plural and composite) conceptions that doctors, embryologists, and beneficiaries of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) have of the in vitro human embryo. Taking the sociology of engagements, developed by Thévenot, as its theoretical lens, the article draws on a total of 69 interviews with ART patients to analyse the plurality of fluid meanings produced about this biological entity, whose status is neither static nor universal. ART beneficiaries are likely to produce plural conceptions of the lab-generated embryo within the framework of different regimes of engagement, understood as cognitive and evaluative formats. These various pragmatic regimes, in turn, entail distinct emotional investments. When speaking about their relationship with embryos, beneficiaries therefore express plural emotional experiences, which are articulated using terms such as affection, love, detachment, loss, frustration, hope, mourning, and anguish. Using the theoretical framework of the sociology of engagements, we propose an approach that enables us to produce a detailed record of the connections between the cognitive, evaluative, and emotional dimensions in beneficiaries’ relationship with—and decision-making processes about—the embryos, accounting for the plasticity of emotional states linked to the (re)configuration of attributed meanings.
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Zhao, Yuheng, Xinyu Wang, Chen Guo, Min Lu, and Siming Chen. "ContextWing: Pair-wise Visual Comparison for Evolving Sequential Patterns of Contexts in Social Media Data Streams." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (April 14, 2023): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579473.
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Understanding and comparing the evolution of public opinions on a social media event is important. However, such a task requires summarizing rich semantic information and an in-depth comparison of semantics and dynamics at the same time, which is difficult for the analysis. To tackle these challenges, we propose ContextWing, an interactive visual analytics system to support pair-wise comparison for evolving sequential patterns of contexts between two data streams. The computational model of ContextWing generates dynamic topics and sequential patterns, and characterizes public attention and pair-wise correlations. A novel multi-layer bilateral wing metaphor is designed to intuitively visualizes sequential patterns merged by different contexts to reveal the similarities and differences in both temporal and semantic aspects between two streams. Interactive tools support the selection of a central keyword and its contexts to iteratively generate patterns for a focused exploration. The system supports analysis on both static and streaming settings that enables a wider range of application scenarios. We verify the effectiveness and usability of ContextWing from multiple facets, including three case studies, two expert interviews, and a user study.
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Lee, Barrett A., Marybeth Shinn, and Dennis P. Culhane. "Homelessness as a Moving Target." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 693, no. 1 (January 2021): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716221997038.
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Contrary to popular perceptions of homelessness as a static, enduring condition, we emphasize its dynamic nature. The updated macro-micro framework that we develop capitalizes on the increasing availability of over-time data, which makes it easier to examine changes in homelessness and the factors responsible for them. Our framework integrates structural forces—such as income inequality, an affordable housing shortage, social exclusion, and inadequate safety net programs—with the personal circumstances and challenges that shape individuals’ homeless trajectories. The macro-micro perspective also helps us to evaluate the effectiveness of policies, and it highlights variation across contexts in how the dynamics of homelessness operate. In a separate section, we introduce the sixteen core articles of this volume against the macro-micro backdrop. Finally, we discuss two emergent macro “shocks” (the COVID-19 pandemic and climate-related hazards) that are largely absent from the volume but carry important implications for understanding and addressing homelessness in the future.
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Kamenou, Nayia. "Queer in Cyprus? The LGBTIQ Movement, Normativity, and Resistance in a Changing (Trans)national Landscape." Social Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070419.
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The literature on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) politics has established the interplay between domestic and transnational norms and political tactics. However, knowledge about how local LGBTIQ activists understand, negotiate, and employ transnational LGBTIQ campaigns and tactics over time remains limited. This article builds on literature on the dynamics between national and transnational LGBTIQ politics. Based on interviews with Cypriot LGBTIQ activists, it examines how they adapt their perceptions and employments of LGBTIQ activism and politics when the transnational LGBTIQ movement interacts with local norms around gender and sexuality, and what the impact of this interaction is on the boundaries of LGBTIQ in-group exclusion and inclusion. The analysis of the interview material identifies three approaches toward transnational LGBTIQ politics that participants express over time: Ambivalence toward, acclamation of, and resistance toward transnational LGBTIQ politics. I argue that these different approaches show that the dynamics between national and transnational LGBTIQ activism and politics are not static and that the relationship between “norm” and “queer” is both messy and productive. I further argue that activists’ understandings, negotiations, and employments of transnational LGBTIQ campaigns and tactics in contentious contexts may reinforce and/or challenge national LGBTIQ politics’ normativization and queer emancipatory politics. Therefore, beyond contributing to discussions about the national–transnational relationship in LGBTIQ politics, the article demonstrates the importance of studying LGBTIQ activists’ views for gaining a well-rounded understanding of this issue.
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Mochamad Su’eb. "Epistimology of Urf in the Usulul Fiqh." EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/edu.v2i1.20.
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Science Fiqh is one of the sciences that need to be known by all Muslims because it involves Islamic laws. Overall, this knowledge is not easy to understand. Therefore, they need an introduction to this knowledge that is very important because it can direct understanding towards Fiqh true. In addition, as a scientific discipline, Fiqh will continue and must develop. Even so, the changes in history show dynamics. Sometimes it changes very rapidly. Sometimes it also looks slow. In fact, it is not uncommon to seem static. In fact, the demand for its development is a logical consequence of the burden and demands of changing society and Muslims themselves. In this paper, we will discuss something related to the social life of society, that is habit or in the language of Fiqh "Urf".
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Christmann, Jan, Max Akamphuber, Anna Lena Müllenbach, and Arne Güllich. "Crunch time in the NBA – The effectiveness of different play types in the endgame of close matches in professional basketball." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (April 22, 2018): 1090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118772485.
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In professional basketball, the final few possessions often determine the result of a game. The coach’s decision on tactics may be critical to a team’s win or loss. This study investigated offense play types in the endgame (final 120 s) of 115 close basketball matches (≤5 points score differential) in the National Basketball Association. We video-analysed 996 plays and assessed the frequencies and outcomes of six defined play types: 1 × 1 without isolation; 1 × 1 with isolation; pick-and-roll; complex team play; inbound play; and transition play. Analyses revealed that pick-and-roll was employed the most and inbound play the least frequently. The 1 × 1 with or without isolation were the least effective play types, averaging 0.9–1.0 pts/possession. They were rather ‘static’ and exhibited relatively long duration, low action frequency (passes, screens, handoffs, cuts, drives) and high defence pressure on the shooter. In contrast, transition, inbound and complex team plays were the most effective (means 1.3–1.5 pts/possession). They displayed greater spatial dynamics either through motion speed (transition) or high action frequency (complex and inbound plays), and either led to over-represented uncontested shots or over-represented offensive rebounds and their effective utilisation. Pick-and-roll play was intermediate in these regards. Overall, plays led to 0.8 pts/possession when being in the lead vs. 1.4 pts/possession when being down. Increased spatial dynamics through high motion speed and/or high frequency of concatenated cooperative manoeuvres enhance the success probability of endgame play types in professional basketball.
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Gray, Jennie, Lisa Buckner, and Alexis Comber. "Extending Geodemographics Using Data Primitives: A Review and a Methodological Proposal." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060386.
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This paper reviews geodemographic classifications and developments in contemporary classifications. It develops a critique of current approaches and identifiea a number of key limitations. These include the problems associated with the geodemographic cluster label (few cluster members are typical or have the same properties as the cluster centre) and the failure of the static label to describe anything about the underlying neighbourhood processes and dynamics. To address these limitations, this paper proposed a data primitives approach. Data primitives are the fundamental dimensions or measurements that capture the processes of interest. They can be used to describe the current state of an area in a multivariate feature space, and states can be compared over multiple time periods for which data are available, through for example a change vector approach. In this way, emergent social processes, which may be too weak to result in a change in a cluster label, but are nonetheless important signals, can be captured. As states are updated (for example, as new data become available), inferences about different social processes can be made, as well as classification updates if required. State changes can also be used to determine neighbourhood trajectories and to predict or infer future states. A list of data primitives was suggested from a review of the mechanisms driving a number of neighbourhood-level social processes, with the aim of improving the wider understanding of the interaction of complex neighbourhood processes and their effects. A small case study was provided to illustrate the approach. In this way, the methods outlined in this paper suggest a more nuanced approach to geodemographic research, away from a focus on classifications and static data, towards approaches that capture the social dynamics experienced by neighbourhoods.
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Loughran, Thomas, Edward Fieldhouse, Laurence Lessard-Phillips, and Lee Bentley. "Disruptive Norms: Assessing the Impact of Ethnic Minority Immigration on Nonimmigrant Voter Turnout Using a Complex Model." Social Science Computer Review 38, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 422–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439318824264.
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This article explores whether introducing an external group into a population with different characteristics to the existing population may lead to behavioral change. Specifically, we test whether introducing ethnic minority immigrants with varying levels of civic duty (commitment to voting) norms into a previously homogenous nonimmigrant ethnic majority population influences voter turnout among the nonimmigrant majority group. The findings have been produced using a complex agent-based model (“the voter model”) where the parameters and characteristics have been developed through the extensive synthesis of existing findings from real-world social science research on voter turnout. The model adopts the KIDS (“Keep It Descriptive Stupid”) approach to this form of modeling complex systems. The model puts a particular emphasis on exploring the dynamic social aspects that influence turnout by focusing on the role of networks and spatial composition factors such as ethnic diversity and levels of internal and external immigration. It uses an approach based on aggregative neighborhood dynamics to go beyond existing static models of the influence of social norms on voting similar to the classic approach of Schelling. The main findings from this article suggest that, other factors being equal, increased levels of immigration lead to a small but significant increase in turnout among the nonimmigrant population and show that higher levels of civic duty among immigrants lead to higher levels of turnout among nonimmigrants over time. This challenges the popular belief that increased immigration and diversity in a specific community will always lead to lower turnout levels.
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Magushov, Sergei Vladislavovich. "Individual Сontract as a Form of Law and its Normativity." Юридические исследования, no. 9 (September 2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.9.38750.
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Modern society cannot be imagined without the institution of individual contractual regulation – our daily life is surrounded by a large number of contractual legal relations. In this regard, it is relevant to consider such a controversial topic as the recognition of the status of a form of law for an individual contract. The object of the study is social relations related to the conclusion, modification and termination of an individual contract. The empirical base consists of labor and civil law contracts. Based on this, the article has an interdisciplinary character – therefore, the subject is in the field of development of three legal sciences at once – the theory of state and law, civil and labor law. The science of the theory of state and law acts as a methodological basis necessary for evaluating the obtained industry data. General scientific methods are used – structural and functional method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy. Both private scientific methods are used – a formal dogmatic method necessary for the study of law, and a retrospective (historical) method for looking at the problem not in statics, but in dynamics. The novelty is expressed in the substantiation of the normativity of an individual contract and the recognition of its status as a form of law not only within the existing paradigm, but also by offering a different view of the very concept of normativity. The analysis of contracts is proposed to be carried out with the hypothesis of the presence of regulatory regulation in them as well. This approach allows us to talk about contracts that were previously recognized as containing only individual regulation, at least partially normative and, as a result, to see them as a right. As the main conclusion, it should be noted that a significant number of individual contracts contain not only individual, but also regulatory regulation. It also seems reasonable to talk about the existence of individual contracts consisting entirely of regulatory regulation.
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Maratea, R. J. "Online Claims-Making: The NRA and Gun Advocacy in Cyberspace." Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.10.
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This article examines the Internet’s emergent role in the claims-making process. My central premise is while Internet technology provides lay citizens with a mass mediated platform to distribute claims publically, power dynamics in the public sphere have remained relatively stable: Insiders and lobbyists continue to be powerful cultural voices; the press still functions as a cultural gatekeeper of newsworthiness; most people continue to have relatively little social authority; and the least powerful risk being completely left out of a digital society. Using the National Rifle Association (NRA) web presence as a case study, I describe the Internet as a vast collection of interconnected public cyber-arenas where problem claims are continuously disseminated, global communication is facilitated via online advocacy networks, and claimants utilize novel cyber-strategies to mobilize supporters. In doing so, I examine how cyber-arenas fundamentally differ from more static traditional claims-making arenas like television, radio, and print publication. I conclude by considering the extent to which historically powerful insider claims-making groups like the NRA are actually best positioned to succeed in a supposedly democratized new media world.
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AGON, SIVAN SHLOMO. "Is Compliance the Name of the Effectiveness Game? Goal-Shifting and the Dynamics of Judicial Effectiveness at the WTO." World Trade Review 15, no. 4 (March 11, 2016): 671–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474561600001x.
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AbstractIn line with current research on the effectiveness of international law and institutions, much of the literature on the effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement system (DSS) has settled on compliance as its primary effectiveness benchmark. This article challenges this trend. It argues that common models gauging the DSS effectiveness through the narrow lens of compliance disregard many other institutional goals pursued by the system, and the conflicts latent among them. Furthermore, existing models are also static in nature—predicated on problematic assumptions regarding the constant supremacy of the DSS compliance objective—what leads them to overlook important shifts amidst the multiple and conflicting goals of the DSS that take place over time and across disputes. Building on the goal-based approach developed in the social sciences, the article introduces a multidimensional framework for analyzing the DSS effectiveness, using the multiple, conflicting and shifting goals set for the system by WTO Members as key effectiveness benchmarks. The article then turns to closely examine the novel concept of ‘goal-shifting’ – essential for effectiveness assessment – and through interview-based analysis of different categories of WTO disputes shows how the DSS goals change with time and context, as a consequence of the changing modalities in which the system operates.
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Bernardini, Marco, Selien De Schryder, and Gert Peersman. "Heterogeneous Government Spending Multipliers in the Era Surrounding the Great Recession." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 2 (May 2020): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00830.
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We use novel quarterly data of U.S. states to examine the dynamics of relative spending multipliers in the decade surrounding the Great Recession. While multipliers were around 1 in expansions, they reached values above 4 when a state was in a recession. Also a high (low) degree of household indebtedness augmented (lowered) a state's multiplier by 0.5 in expansions and 2 in recessions. We further document modest positive spillover effects across states and show that a mere redistribution of spending across states also had a significant influence on the aggregate U.S. economy due to cross-state heterogeneity of the effects.
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Duhaney, Patrina, and Yahya El-Lahib. "The Politics of Resistance From Within." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 2/3 (September 23, 2021): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24471.
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Everyday racism embedded in all facets of society, coupled with ongoing injustices against racialized people globally, have reignited an urgent action to turn the gaze within social work education. There is a need to challenge and resist white supremacy that continues to institutionalize systemic racism and justify state control of social and political processes. These current realities are in direct contradiction to the neoliberal push for state withdrawal from social programming and essential services. Yet the interconnectedness between neoliberalism, white supremacy and fascist ideologies has gone undetected in social work circles resulting in a political and ideological vacuum in the profession. Within the social work curricula, there is a lack of attention and involvement to effectively dismantle white supremacy and racism that are perpetuated within and through the profession. The social work classroom has been a natural place to incubate a new wave of resistance that has the potential of changing the face of the profession. Considering the deleterious effects white supremacy has for racialized bodies within academic spaces, we assert the embodiments of resistance with a call to action for social work scholars, students, administrators and practitioners. These key actors must reject the legacy of white supremacy in our profession that acts as social control agents serving the state's interests and perpetuating its hegemony. We explore some of the ways in which we confront and disrupt white supremacy, which includes interrogating and dismantling dominant discourses, systemic and institutional academic racism (teaching, research and service), social work curriculum and priorities, and racist classroom dynamics that have been shaped by whiteness that continues to impact the interactions between racialized and white students and professors. We conclude with a call to infuse social work with practices and approaches that equip students with knowledge and tangible tools to enact change beyond academic spaces.
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Pedersen, Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum, Linne Marie Lauesen, and Arno Kourula. "Back to basics: exploring perceptions of stakeholders within the Swedish fashion industry." Social Responsibility Journal 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2016-0148.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the conventional stakeholder model mirrors managerial perceptions of the stakeholder environment in the Swedish fashion industry. The authors aim to adopt a novel approach to stakeholder measurement, as the traditional stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which captures neither the nuances of the stakeholder literature nor the dynamics of the firm’s stakeholder universe. Design/methodology/approach Empirically, the paper is based on findings from a survey among 492 Swedish fashion manufacturers and retailers. Findings The paper reports significant discrepancy between the conventional stakeholder model and the perceptions of real-life managers of the stakeholder environment. On the surface, their understanding is more in line with the managerial model of the firm from which the stakeholder literature originally departs. It is argued, however, that the discrepancy may be rooted in technology rather than theory as the stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which captures neither the nuances of the stakeholder literature nor the dynamics of the firm’s stakeholder universe. The paper, therefore, introduces an animated alternative to the conventional stakeholder model that provides a richer graphical representation of a firm’s stakeholder universe. Research limitations/implications The paper refers to the open-ended questions in the survey in terms of descriptive statistics, and not the entire quantitative measures in the survey. This is because these questions are crucial to the authors’ approach to the suggested new stakeholder model, which is not tested quantitatively, but should be perceived as explorative – as a qualitative outcome of the survey. The survey is conducted through the web in the Swedish fashion industry only; thus; the authors’ suggested model needs further quantitative qualification, which the authors plead for in future research. Originality/value The originality of the paper is its novel approach to stakeholder measurement based on the perceptions of real-life managers of the stakeholder environment of the Swedish fashion industry. The traditional stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which the paper’s animated three-dimensional alternative provides a richer graphical representation of a firm’s stakeholder universe.
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Sun, Ruiqi, Wenjiang Huang, Yingying Dong, Longlong Zhao, Biyao Zhang, Huiqin Ma, Yun Geng, et al. "Dynamic Forecast of Desert Locust Presence Using Machine Learning with a Multivariate Time Lag Sliding Window Technique." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030747.
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Desert locust plagues can easily cause a regional food crisis and thus affect social stability. Preventive control of the disaster highlights the early detection of hopper gregarization before they form devastating swarms. However, the response of hopper band emergence to environmental fluctuation exhibits a time lag. To realize the dynamic forecast of band occurrence with optimal temporal predictors, we proposed an SVM-based model with a temporal sliding window technique by coupling multisource time-series imagery with historical locust ground survey observations from between 2000–2020. The sliding window method was based on a lagging variable importance ranking used to analyze the temporal organization of environmental indicators in band-forming sequences and eventually facilitate the early prediction of band emergence. Statistical results show that hopper bands are more likely to occur within 41–64 days after increased rainfall; soil moisture dynamics increasing by approximately 0.05 m³/m³ then decreasing may enhance the chance of observing bands after 73–80 days. While sparse vegetation areas with NDVI increasing from 0.18 to 0.25 tend to witness bands after 17–40 days. The forecast model combining the optimal time lags of these dynamic indicators with other static indicators allows for a 16-day extended outlook of band presence in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya. Monthly predictions from February to December 2020 display an overall accuracy of 77.46%, with an average ROC-AUC of 0.767 and a mean F-score close to 0.772. The multivariate forecast framework based on the lagging effect can realize the early warning of band presence in different spatiotemporal scenarios, supporting early decisions and response strategies for desert locust preventive management.
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Siscoe, G. L., J. A. Slavin, E. J. Smith, B. T. Tsurutani, D. E. Jones, and D. A. Mendis. "Statics and dynamics of Giacobini-Zinner magnetic tail." Geophysical Research Letters 13, no. 3 (March 1986): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl013i003p00287.
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C. Ofori-Dankwa, Joseph, and Scott Julian. "A heuristic model for explaining diversity's paradox." Journal of Organizational Change Management 27, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-03-2012-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a heuristic model to better understand the inherently paradoxical and concomitant positive and negative organizational outcomes associated with demographic diversity and value congruence in organizations. It further illustrates the resultant organizational dynamics that result from shifting levels of diversity and value congruence. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts the supply and demand heuristic from the economics discipline and further develops the diversity and similarity curves (DSC) model proposed by Ofori-Dankwa and Julian. Further, this analysis is carried out from both short-run (static) and long-run (dynamic) perspectives. Findings – This study illustrates how different levels of organizational diversity and value congruence (reflected by diversity and similarity curves respectively) could concurrently result in both positive and negative levels of organizational creativity and competitiveness. Research limitations/implications – As a heuristic, this study's model is a simplistic representation of the inherently complex set of relationships and outcomes that are associated with paradox in a social setting. Practical implications – This model has managerial utility for explaining how different levels of diversity in an organizational setting could potentially have different positive and negative outcomes. Originality/value – This study unpacks the implications of different levels of diversity in an organizational setting and sheds original light on the dynamic nature of virtuous and vicious organizational cycles associated with diversity.
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Zhang, Jingyi, and Jinan Zhang. "Analyzing the Connotation of Science from the View of Criticizing the Omnipotence of Science." SHS Web of Conferences 174 (2023): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317403009.
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This paper argues that before critiquing the theory, the first task is to thoroughly understand the connotation of science, and proposes the theory of science in a dynamic and static way, which examines the development of science as a system of knowledge and its delimitation in two aspects, while the static level focuses on the scientific spirit and scientific attitude to The static level focuses on understanding science in terms of scientific spirit and attitude. This is followed by a deeper understanding of science in terms of its role in society as a ‘ transforming agent’ for social development and disagreement, thus providing a different perspective on scientific omnipotence and, by extension, on current social disagreements, from the perspective of science as a ‘ transforming agent’ . ‘ transforming agent’ perspective to provide new ways out of the current social disagreements, and in this way to play the benign social role of science.
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Goidel, Spencer, Paul M. Kellstedt, and Matthew J. Lebo. "Macropartisanship with Independents." Public Opinion Quarterly 86, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfab073.
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Abstract MacKuen, Erikson, and Stimson’s classic article “Macropartisanship” extended the study of political behavior from static analyses of American elections to the dynamics of partisanship between elections. This launched new frontiers of research, such as studying the effects of presidential approval and economic indices on aggregate party identification. However, the Macropartisanship literature made an important oversight: changes in partisanship between elections are usually from one partisan group to identification as an independent, or vice versa. A single measure of aggregate partisanship, like the original Macropartisanship measure, leaves out independents altogether. This has important theoretical and empirical consequences that are evident in an era of increasingly strong partisanship. We conceive of Macropartisanship as a compositional variable and study how its components are affected by changes in economic sentiment and presidential approval.
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Balbus, Lukasz, Pawel Dziewulski, Kevin Reffett, and Lukasz Wozny. "Markov distributional equilibrium dynamics in games with complementarities and no aggregate risk." Theoretical Economics 17, no. 2 (2022): 725–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te4624.
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We present a new approach to studying equilibrium dynamics in a class of stochastic games with a continuum of players with private types and strategic complementarities. We introduce a suitable equilibrium concept, called Markov Stationary Nash Distributional Equilibrium (MSNDE), prove its existence, and determine comparative statics of equilibrium paths and the steady‐state invariant distributions to which they converge. Finally, we provide numerous applications of our results including: dynamic models of growth with status concerns, social distance, and paternalistic bequests with endogenous preferences for consumption.
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Koch, Caleb M. "Index-wise comparative statics." Mathematical Social Sciences 102 (November 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2019.09.004.
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Solis, Lorena, Theresa Aristomene, Jennifer Feitosa, and Ebony Smith. "Taking Qualitative Methods a Step Further to Team Science." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9, no. 4 (December 2016): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.83.
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Pratt and Bonaccio's (2016) focal article properly reviews and identifies the need for qualitative research methods in our field. However, they overlooked one important benefit—team science—that is crucial to current organizations. Despite the fact that qualitative research in team science is lacking, we suggest that with qualitative research we can gain more insight into what teams need in order to be effective. According to Kozlowski and Bell (2003), team dynamics are historically looked at in a static way in teams research, solely focusing on individuals’ perceptions of the team at a given time as opposed to multilevels over time. In an attempt to further expand on how qualitative research can examine constructs that purely quantitative methods may not, the purpose of this commentary is to highlight importance of qualitative research regarding its ability to capture team dynamics as they occur in the real world. The need for qualitative methods exists across various components (i.e., inputs, team emergent states, processes, outputs) when it comes to teams. We argue that how these components appear, happen, and, more importantly, evolve over time should be taken into consideration. The current commentary highlights how qualitative research can start to fill the gap of understanding team dynamics and how to improve team practices by taking time into consideration.
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Huang, Ping, Xiao-Long Chen, Ming Tang, and Shi-Min Cai. "Coupled Dynamic Model of Resource Diffusion and Epidemic Spreading in Time-Varying Multiplex Networks." Complexity 2021 (March 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629105.
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In the real world, individual resources are crucial for patients when epidemics outbreak. Thus, the coupled dynamics of resource diffusion and epidemic spreading have been widely investigated when the recovery of diseases significantly depends on the resources from neighbors in static social networks. However, the social relationships of individuals are time-varying, which affects such coupled dynamics. For that, we propose a coupled resource-epidemic (RNR-SIS) dynamic model (coupled model for short) on a time-varying multiplex network to synchronously simulate the resource diffusion and epidemic spreading in dynamic social networks. The equilibrium analysis of the coupled model is conducted in a general scenario where the resource generation varies between susceptible and infected states and the recovery rate changes between resourceful and noresource states. By using the microscopic Markov chain approach and Monte Carlo simulations, we determine a probabilistic framework of the intralayer and interlayer dynamic processes of the coupled model and obtain the outbreak threshold of epidemic spreading. Meanwhile, the experimental results show the trivially asymmetric interactions between resource diffusion and epidemic spreading. They also indicate that the stronger activity heterogeneity and the larger contact capacity of individuals in the resource layer can more greatly promote resource diffusion, effectively suppressing epidemic spreading. However, these two individual characters in the epidemic layer can cause more resource depletion, which greatly promotes epidemic spreading. Furthermore, we also find that the contact capacity finitely impacts the coupled dynamics of resource diffusion and epidemic spreading.
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Gritsenko, Svitlana. "Statics and Dynamics of the Language: the Issue of Balance." Studia Linguistica, no. 13 (2018): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2018.13.47-70.
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The vocabulary of the Ukrainian language of the XVIth–XVIIth centurу as a systemic dynamic phenomenon was studied in the thesis basing on Ukrainian-language written sources of various styles and genres, a set of techniques was selected and applied, a number of new approaches to the analysis of the time dynamics of vocabulary was proposed. It is stressed that the most noticeable are changes of vocabulary and semantics due to the verbalization of the dynamics of the culture of society – the transformations in the material-subject and production spheres, intercessions of some social and cultural dominants. It is accentuated that an important factor in the dynamics of the Ukrainian language is its interaction with the other languages, that leads to the changes in the structure of language elements, their interconnections and their functions. The correlation between dynamics and statics in the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language of the XIth–XVth century and XVIth–XVIIth century is determined, combinations of various changes of the lexical system of the Ukrainian language are characterised. Changes appear in the formation of new values of specific or borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, semantic attraction, entering into constant phrases or cliché expressions, generalization or specialization of meanings, emergence of connotative, estimative elements of semantics. Functional reduction of the word, its absence in the written sources of the next period in comparison with the previous stage of the existence in language testifies deactualization of the notion in the language model of the world, as well as intercession of an older lexeme by a new nomination – specific or borrowed. The regularities of the expansion of the Ukrainian vocabulary due to foreign-language influences are discovered, the factors that influenced the degree of saturation of thematic and lexical-semantic groups are outlined. The architectonics of the lexical system and its conceptual organization as a reproduction of the contemporary language model of the world of Ukrainian people are revealed. The formal and semantic derivation of nominative units, adaptation of borrowings to the structure of the recipient language are analized. Dynamics of the formal structure of the vocabulary is connected with a change in the meaning of the primary lexeme. Formal derivation establishes motivational and word-formation models, outlines productive ones for the appropriate period of language development. According to the sources of the XVIth–XVIIth century both non-hybrid (monolingual) and hybrid derivatives are present there. Analysis of derivatives of foreign genesis, the history of their appearance in the Ukrainian language of the XVIth–XVIIth century, as well as the study of the functioning of borrowings in the language allowed to estimate hypothetically the place of derivation (in the source language, intermediate language, recipient language); complexity of genesis estimation of derivatives associated with the presence of common affixes and word-formation models for interacting languages. For many lexemes the time of their appearance in the Ukrainian language is specified, assumptions about time and conditions of borrowings are verified. For the study of the history of borrowings it is important to find out the history of functioning of the corresponding lexemes in the source language and intermediate languages, and their timing appearance (moment of entry), distribution and adaptation in the recipient language. Determination of the moment, the time of „birth” – appearance and rooting – of the borrowings foresees the proof of the absence of written fixation of an appropriate lexeme in older written sources. The conditional identification of the time of the first fixation and the time of borrowing allowed to find out lexemes for which the time of borrowing can be set: for such date a year / relative chronological sign, which is indicated in the written source, or exactly the year of writing a memorial are accepted. For a series of lexemes relative chronological characteristics (indication of time period from the interval of one year to another or the corresponding century) are proposed. Application of methods of determining the time of the appearance of lexeme based on the history of the designated reality contributed to the definition of borrowings that nominate the notion of material culture, the history of which is clearly established, or the time before which these borrowings could not appear in the recipient language. It was clarified that the chronology of foreign language nominatives contributes to clarification of the sources of borrowing, in particular, for alternative explanations available in science. An important role in determining the chronological characteristics of the lexemes has the information about the peculiarities of the analyzed lexemes’ functionning in the potential intermediary languages.
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Arentze, Theo, and Harry Timmermans. "Social Networks, Social Interactions, and Activity-Travel Behavior: A Framework for Microsimulation." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 35, no. 6 (January 1, 2008): 1012–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b3319t.
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We argue that the social networks and activity-travel patterns of people interact and coevolve over time. Through social interaction, people exchange information about activity-travel choice alternatives and adapt their latent and overt preferences for alternatives to each other. At the same time, social networks are not static: new social links emerge and existing social links may dissolve in time, depending on activity-travel schedules and the attributes of persons. In this paper we propose a theoretical framework to incorporate these dynamics in microsimulations of activity-travel patterns. A core assumption of the proposed theory is that the utility that a person derives from social interaction is a function of dynamic social and information needs, on the one hand, and of similarity between the relevant characteristics of the persons involved, on the other. Furthermore, persons tend to adapt their preferences so as to increase the utility they derive from their social networks. We derive the theory and models from basic principles and discuss results of a first round of simulations conducted to examine the behavior of the model. We argue that the model is consistent with existing theories and findings in social network analysis.
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Habibi, Sarah A., and Lidya Salim. "Static vs. dynamic methods of delivery for science communication: A critical analysis of user engagement with science on social media." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): e0248507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248507.
Full textAbstract:
Science communication has been increasingly viewed as a necessity and obligation of scientists in recent years. The rise of Web 2.0 technologies, such as social media, has made communication of science to the public more accessible as a whole. While one of the primary goals of science communication is to increase public engagement, there is very little research to show the type of communication that fosters the highest levels of engagement. Here we evaluate two social medial platforms, Instagram and TikTok, and assess the type of educational science content (ESC) that promotes user awareness and overall engagement. Specifically, we measured the level of engagement between static and dynamic posts on Instagram, and lecture-style and experimental videos on TikTok. User engagement is measured through the analysis of relative number of likes, comments, shares, saves, and views of each post in the various categories. We found that users interact with ESC significantly more (p<0.05) when the content is presented in dynamic ways with a component of experimentation. Together, we took the findings of this study and provided a series of suggestions for conducting science communication on social media, and the type of ESC that should be used to promote better user outcomes.