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1
Troumbley, Patrick. "Static Versus Dynamic Stretching Effect on Agility Performance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/695.
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The purpose of this study was to compare effects of static and dynamic stretching on explosive agility movements, and to examine the effect of the interaction of dynamic and static stretching prior to explosive agility movements. Fourteen men and 10 women performed the different warm-up protocols, including no warm-up (NWU), static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching (DS), and dynamic stretching with static stretching (DS+SS). The T-Drill was used to assess agility. The results indicated no difference between the NWU and SS conditions (effect size = 0.40, p = 0.06), as well as no significant difference between the NWU and DS+SS conditions (effect size = 0.01, p = 0.48), and the SS and DS+SS conditions (effect size = 0.40, p = 0.06). Statistically significant differences were found between the NWU and DS conditions (effect size = 0.45, p = 0.03), the SS and DS conditions (effect size = 0.85, p < 0.001), and the DS and DS+SS conditions (effect size = 0.40, p = 0.03). Agility test times, in order from fastest to slowest, were (a) dynamic stretching (10.87 ± 1.07 s), (b) dynamic stretching + static stretching (11.41 ± 1.26 s), (c) no warm-up (11.42 ± 1.21 s), (d) static stretching (11.90 ±1.35 s). Dynamic stretching resulted in the fastest agility test time. Static stretching resulted in the slowest agility times. The benefits of dynamic stretching may have been diluted when followed by Static Stretching, and the agility test time was the same as if no form of stretching was completed. Static stretching prior to agility is not recommended as it has a negative effect on the stretch shortening cycle, and agility. The results support the use of dynamic stretching prior to agility performance.
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Harper, Erin N. "THE EFFECTS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC STRETCHING ON COMPETITIVE GYMNASTS’ SPLIT JUMP PERFORMANCE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1312391877.
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Evans, Tom. "The effects of static stretching on vertical jump performance." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=635.
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Rebello, Gayle, and n/a. "Measuring dynamic hamstring flexibility: Dynamic versus static stretching in the warm-up." University of Canberra. School of Health Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070618.095511.
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The main purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching
in the warm-up, on hamstring flexibility using a reliable set-up for measurement.
Static and dynamic flexibility was measured using five modifications of the Straight Leg Raise
(SLR) test to measure hip flexion range of motion (ROM). In the first part of the study (n = 33)
hamstring flexibility was measured using a Static-passive, Static-active, Dynamic-supine and
Dynamic-standing tests. The results of this study were used to calculate reliability statistics and
to compare the various static and dynamic flexibility tests. There was a significant difference
between Static-passive (SPH) and the Dynamic-supine (DSUH) tests (p less than .05).
This was followed by an intervention study (n = 12) where participants were randomly assigned
to three intervention treatments of 225 seconds on separate days: No stretching (Treatment I),
Static stretching (Treatment 2) and Dynamic stretching (Treatment 3) in a cross-over study
design. Static stretching had no impact on dynamic hamstring flexibility; however, dynamic
stretching improved dynamic flexibility while simultaneously increasing static flexibility. This
has implications for the specificity of stretching in sport.
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Perrin, Joshua David. "The Influence of Static Stretching of Knee Flexors on Knee Biomechanics." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1535055379518429.
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Workman, Craig D. "Effects of Static Stretching on Foot Velocity During the Instep Soccer Kick." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/602.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of static stretching on foot velocity at impact with a soccer ball. Eighteen Division I female soccer athletes underwent two test conditions separated by 48 hr. Each condition was randomly assigned and began by placing four retro-reflective markers on bony landmarks of the ankle (total of eight markers, four on each ankle). One condition was the no-stretch condition, in which each participant performed a self-paced jog for 5 min as a warm-up, and then sat quietly for 6 min before performing three maximal instep kicks into a net. The second condition was the stretch condition, which was identical to the no-stretch condition, except the participants performed a series of six randomly ordered stretches instead of sitting quietly for 6 min. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to quantify the resultant velocity of the head of the 5th metatarsal immediately prior to foot impact with a soccer ball. The results of a dependent t test indicated that there was no significant difference between the no-stretch (18.34 ± 1.29 m/s) and stretch conditions (17.96 ± 1.55 m/s; p = .102, d = .3) Based on these findings, acute stretching performed one time for 30 s before maximal instep soccer kicking has no effect on the resultant foot velocity of Division 1A university female soccer players. Pre-event stretching performed in a like manner may best be prescribed at the discretion of the athlete.
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Sands, William A., Jeni R. McNeal, and Michael H. Stone. "Vibration, Split Stretching, and Static Vertical Jump Performance in Young Male Gymnasts." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4516.
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Kruse, Nicholas T. "The Acute Effects of Various Stretching Modalities on Performance across a Time Spectrum in NCAA Division I Volleyball Players." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1289846773.
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Rucker, Timothy A. "Dynamic Warm-Up Improves Mean Power Output Compared to a Warm-Up With Static Stretching." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1320856261.
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Narducci, Elizabeth A. "The Effects of Static Versus Dynamic Stretching on Fall Risk, Balance and Muscle Function in Older Adults: Is Stretching a Beneficial Intervention?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1508428967846228.
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Nordin, Michelle. "Does Static stretching and/or Muscle fatigue create a Cross-over effect? : An experimental study." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28375.
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Background: Extensive literature has described a decrease in force output performance in the local muscle groups after static stretching, and static stretching has therefore been recommended not to be performed during warm-ups. A recent study showed evidence of a cross-over effect in regard to static stretching, i.e. non-local muscles were also affected by static stretching. This result could however be due to fatigue in the muscle groups stretched, and a fatigued condition has previously shown cross-over effects in several studies. Aim: The aim of the study was to (1) examine if upper-limb static stretching and muscle fatigue display a cross-over effect that show changes in force output in the lower limbs, and (2) if there was a difference between the effects of the static stretch protocol and the muscle fatigue protocol for the purpose of examining if fatigue is the larger factor for cross-over. Methods: Concentric maximal jump height of 15 subjects with previous strength training experience of at least one year was measured and the subjects subsequently performed both intervention protocols in a random order. After each protocol concentric jump height was measured again. The static stretch protocol consisted of a static stretch for the shoulder at an intensity of “Very hard”, 10 repetitions of 30 second stretches with 15 seconds rest in between repetitions. The muscle fatigue protocol consisted of 10 repetitions of 30 seconds isometric muscle contraction in the same position with 15 seconds rest between repetitions at an intensity of “Very hard”. The data was collected on an infra-red contact mat and differences between the mean jump heights pre- and post each protocol and between the different protocols were analyzed with pair sample t-test. Result: Mean concentric jump height (± standard deviation, SD) was 25.31 (±9.4) cm for the baseline jumps, 23.66 (±8.89) cm post static stretch intervention jumps and 24.13 (±8.90) cm post muscle fatigue intervention jumps. This indicates a cross-over effect on force output in the legs post static stretching with a mean reduction of 1.65 cm (p=0.001). Upper-limb muscle fatigue indicated a cross-over effect on force output in the legs with a mean reduction of 1.18 cm (p=0.032). There was no statistical significance between the two protocols (p=0.146). Conclusion: The results presented a cross-over effect on both conditions. This is in line with previous research in the area. The results implicate that static stretching and muscle fatigue effects the central nervous system, which can lead to impairments in performance in non-local muscles. This can be considered in warm-up and exercise program design when force output is of great importance for performance
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Carpenter, Timothy A. "Effects of Power Output Utilizing Post-Activation Potentiation versus Static Stretching on the Vertical Jump." Thesis, The William Paterson University of New Jersey, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583025.
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The purpose of this study was to measure power output of the vertical jump after a static stretch versus post-activation potentiation without stretching. Six males (24.8 ± 4.3 years old) were tested using three different protocols; non-stretch (NS) with a 5RM back squat test, static stretch (SS), and post-activation potentiation (PAP). Mean and peak power output (W) were calculated using the Lewis, Sayers, Harman, and Johnson & Bahamonde formulas. An increase in jump height and power was observed in both the SS and PAP (1685.0 ± 260.4 W and 1713. 2 ± 257.4 W) protocols from the baseline NS (1647.2 ± 267.4 W) protocol. Stretch-induced impairments were not observed in the current study. PAP was shown to increase power output from baseline testing (p= 0.0001). It can be concluded that SS and PAP have a positive affect on athletic performance and should be studied further.
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Wärnström, Mathias. "The effects of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on bilateral forward jumping ability and flexibility of the hamstrings musculature." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32016.
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Background: Foam rolling (FR) is a promising new trend in the world of resistance training, sports and athletics. It is often used as a warm up activity as a substitute or addition to stretching modalities such as static stretching (SS). The proposed benefits behind FR is that it can lead to both acute and chronic increases in performance and flexibility. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different warmup intervention protocols of the hamstrings musculature on: 1) Performance in the bilateral standing long jump 2) Flexibility in a supine activekneeextension test. Method: The study consisted of sixteen male participants who were all healthy adult recreational athletes. The two different interventions were, a) Static Stretching protocol (SS) and b) a Foam Rolling protocol (FR). These were compared to a baseline warm up (BLWU). The SS consisted of 1 x 30 seconds of active SS using the lying supine activekneeextension position after a short warmup. The FR consisted of 1 bout of 30 seconds of FR of the hamstrings musculature of each leg after a short warmup. BLWU consisted of a short warmup (5 submaximal bilateral standing long jumps). Performance was measured using a bilateral standing long jump test. Flexibility was measured with a goniometer using a lying supine active knee extension test. The student’s ttest was used to study differences between and within groups (BLWU, SS, FR). Results: No differences between BLWU and PostSS (p=0.89) as well as BLWU compared to PostFR (p=0.86) was detected for performance. However, an increase in flexibility was shown favoring PostSS over BLWU (p=0.021) as well as PostFR over BLWU (p=0.045). No significant difference was seen between changes in the PostSS and PostFR groups in either performance or flexibility (p=0.887 and p=0.944 respectively). Conclusion: It seems that both SS and FR are similarly viable and effective methods for acute increases in flexibility in the activekneeextension test without subsequent decreases in performance of the bilateral standing long jump.
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Sobolewski, Eric J. "The Effect of Static Stretching and Order of Warm-Up on the Isokinetic Peak Torque of the Knee Extensors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/569.
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The purposes of these studies were to determine if an acute static stretch influenced isokinetic peak torque (IPT), and to examine if the order in which the warm up routine was performed affected peak knee extension torque. Twenty trained college male students performed maximal isokinetic knee extensions under four conditions: a control consisting of no stretching, a stretch only trial, jog then stretch, and stretch then jog conditions. Each stretch was held for a total volume of 360 s. Measurements were taken on a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 60º s-1 and 300º s-1. Data were analyzed using t-tests to compare the stretch condition with the control. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the stretch and the control at 300 º s-1 (p = 0.03 t = 2.42) but not at 60 º s-1 (p = 0.16). A 2 x 3 ANOVA (300 º s-1 x 60 º s-1, and control x stretch then jog x jog then stretch) yielded no significance at either speed (p > 0.05). Conclusions from this study indicate that stretching should not be the sole exercise in a warm-up routine as previous research confirms the decrease in IPT after stretching. Another finding of this study is that the negative effects of stretching can be diminished when combined with an aerobic activity such as jogging prior to performance. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors that contribute to the post stretch decrease in IPT and the factors that lead to the restoration of force after aerobic activity. Caution is advised since these were controlled tests in a laboratory and results may vary with actual performance.
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Trindade, Maria Carolina Queirós. "O efeito do alongamento estático e da técnica de suster-relaxar na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4967.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivos: Comparar qual técnica tem mais eficácia quanto à flexibilidade nos Isquiotibiais, alongamento estático ou técnica do suster-relaxar; Verificar se existe relação entre as características biológicas e o ganho de flexibilidade; Apurar se existem diferenças de flexibilidade entre sexos; Avaliar se a prática de exercício físico altera os valores de flexibilidade. Metodologia: Foram selecionados 30 indivíduos de ambos os sexos entre os 18 e os 30 anos. Os indivíduos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 3 grupos, 2 experimentais e 1 de controlo. Tanto os grupos experimentais como o de controlo ficaram com 10 indivíduos cada. Ambas as técnicas foram realizadas em três sessões com intervalos de 7 dias entre cada uma delas, nos músculos Isquiotibiais. Para avaliar os efeitos momentâneos das duas técnicas foi realizado o teste do Sit and Reach antes e depois da aplicação de cada técnica. Resultados: Surgiram melhorias significativas quanto ao ganho momentâneo nos dois grupos experimentais. Não se encontraram diferenças nos ganhos de flexibilidade entre os dois sexos, nem nos indivíduos que praticavam exercício físico face aos que não o faziam, assim como entre raparigas na fase folicular (com fluxo menstrual) relativamente as raparigas nas restantes fases. Conclusão: Tanto a técnica do suster-relaxar como a do alongamento estático conseguem obter efeitos momentâneos no ganho da flexibilidade.
Purposes: Compare which technique is most effective for flexibility in the Hamstrings, static stretching or hold-relax; Check there is a relationship between the biological characteristics and gain flexibility; Determine if there are differences in flexibility between sexes; Evaluate if the physical exercise changes the flexibility values. Methods: They were selected 30 individuals of both sexes between 18 and 30 years old. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups, two experimental and one control. Both experimental groups and control group had each one 10 individuals. Both techniques were performed in three sessions at intervals of 7 days between each of them, the Hamstring muscles. To evaluate the momentary effects of two techniques was performed Sit and Reach test before and after application of each technique. Results: Emerged significant improvements regarding to the momentary gain in the two groups. No differences were found between the sexes or in individuals who practice exercise to those who don´t practice it, as well as for girls in the follicular phase (with menstrual flow) for in the remaining phases. Conclusion: Both the technique of contracting relax as the static stretching can get momentary effects on gain flexibility.
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Napoli, Ryan David. "The Effects of Two Types of Different Dynamic Warm-Ups and Static Stretching on Total Body Power and Speed." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28039.
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Static stretching has often been found to decrease performance in power and speed activities, but dynamic warm-ups usually increase performance. We examined the effects of a mini-band warm-up, a medicine ball warm-up, and static stretching on 10m and 20m sprint times, as well as overhead medicine ball throw performance. A convenience sample of 24 Division I women?s soccer players participated, however 5 subjects dropped out due to sustaining injuries from a weekend soccer tournament. The subjects completed the three warm-ups and a control 5 minute jog condition on separate days and were tested on the 10m and 20m sprint times and overhead medicine ball throw. ANOVA?s and follow-up paired t-tests (p<0.05) were used to determine differences between the warm-ups. Significant differences were found between groups for the 10m sprint times but not for the 20m sprint times or the overhead medicine ball throw.
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Beukes, Phillo. "A comparison between the effects of hamstring static stretching and active warm-up on range of motion and performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3002.
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Snyder, Alison R. "The acute influence of static and ballistic stretching on the biomechanics and muscle activity associated with the hamstring stretch." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1102522627.
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Snyder, Alison Rose. "The acute influence of static and ballistic stretching on the biomechanics and muscle activity associated with the hamstring stretch /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1102522627.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2004.Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Exercise Science." Bibliography: leaves 72-77.
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Poulos, Nicholas. "The influence of complex training design on post-activation performance enhancement of explosive performance in team sport athletes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2531.
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Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a phenomenon characterised by the acute enhancement of muscular performance consequent to prior voluntary, dynamic contractile activity, and is the premise underpinning complex training (CT). CT involves alternating a conditioning stimulus (CS) with a lighter load biomechanically similar ballistic exercise (complex-pair), separated by a defined intra-complex recovery interval. One of the key benefits of CT is the ability to train both extremes of the forcevelocity curve within a single training session, offering a potentially efficient and effective means of augmenting both acute explosive muscular performance and chronic training adaptations in maximal strength and power. The challenge for sports practitioners is to design CT protocols that facilitate PAPE of muscular power characteristics of the individual athlete within the constraints of a team sport environment. Consideration of the factors that modulate the expression of PAPE in the design of CT protocols is essential. Specifically, consideration of the mode, volume, and intensity of the CS, the intra-complex and inter-set recovery, and the influence of athlete strength characteristics is required. More importantly, the influence of performing multiple complex-sets, the effect of sequencing lower and upper body complex-sets, and the impact of performing ancillary exercise within the intra-complex recovery on the expression of PAPE warrants attention.
Purpose: The primary purpose of this series of studies was to investigate the influence of CT protocol design and the factors that modulate the expression of PAPE of acute explosive performance in developing and trained team sport athletes. Outcomes arising from this work are aimed at providing a practical framework for sports practitioners to better inform the design and implementation of CT protocols in high-performance strength and conditioning programs.
Methodology: The first study examined the effect of CS intensity on the magnitude of PAPE of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance over multiple complex-sets and further investigated if athlete relative strength level is a criterion for identifying responders to PAPE. The second experimental study addressed the parameters of CS mode and intensity in CT session design, examining the efficacy of varying load jump squats (JS) on acute drop jump (DJ) performance. Lastly, the third experimental study investigated the effect of CT session design on PAPE of loaded JS and ballistic bench throws (BBT)—more specifically, if manipulating the sequence of upper and lower body complex-sets and interspersing ancillary exercise within the intra-complex recovery period modified the expression of any PAPE.
Results: CMJ peak jump height was enhanced in response to both moderate intensity (65% 1-RM) and high intensity (87% 1-RM) conditioning stimuli. PAPE of several DJ kinetic and kinematic variables following JS performed at both 30% and 50% 1-RM back squat loads was observed, however, the frequency and magnitude of PAPE was greatest in athletes following the 30% 1-RM CS load. Small magnitudes of PAPE were observed in various JS and BBT kinetic and kinematic variables in each of the three CT protocols examined, yet no clear or consistent performance benefit was present across sets. Associations between relative strength and PAPE are dependent on CS intensity and CT protocol design.
Conclusions: The most important finding of this thesis is that the sequencing of multiple lower and upper body complex-sets and the performance of ancillary exercise within the intra-complex recovery are not detrimental to subsequent explosive performance. Furthermore, PAPE of JS and DJ performance is achievable with a range of CS intensities and appears to be dominant in variables with a prevalent eccentric component. Finally, the influence of relative strength on the expression of PAPE is dependent on CT session design. The application of CT has merit in training team sport athletes and affords practitioners the ability to provide both heavy-resistance and ballistic training stimuli in a time efficient manner.
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Lopez, Kelly Jean. "The Effects of a Mini-Band Warm-Up, a Medicine Ball Warm-Up and Static Stretching on Lower Body Power." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28643.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four different warm-up conditions on vertical jump performance. The warm-ups included a static stretching routine, dynamic medicine ball routine, mini-band routine, and a 5-minute jog, which was the control. The subjects were 23 NCAA Division 1 women?s soccer players from North Dakota State University who performed three vertical jumps on an Advanced Medical Technology Inc. (AMTI) Force Plate after each of the four warm-up routines. The subjects were randomized into four groups for the study and rotated between the four warm-up routines, completing one routine each day in a random order. The results of the one-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistical significance (F=7.87, p=.007). Follow-up pairwise comparisons were done; the only statistically significant result was between the static stretching condition and the control/jog (t=-5.15, p<0.001).
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Narveson, Samantha Jean. "Effects on Plantarflexor Strength, Calf Girth, and Dorsiflexion Range of Motion When Static Stretching is Implemented During Two Weeks of Immobilization." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27023.
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This study examined the effects of chronic static stretching on dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), calf strength, and calf girth when immobilized for two weeks. Thirty-six North Dakota State University students participated in this study and were divided into one of three groups: control group (CG), experimental group (EG), and experimental stretching group (ESG). All participants completed a pre-test of calf girth, strength, and dorsiflexion ROM. After the pretest, both experimental groups wore an immobilizer for two weeks. In addition, the ESG stretched for 10 minutes, twice daily. Data analysis indicated significant differences were found between groups for post-test measures of girth (F2,31=6.50, p=0.0048), dorsiflexion ROM (F2,31=29.06, p<0.0001), and strength (F2,31=6.74, p=0.0041). Post hoc testing indicated significant increases in dorsiflexion ROM and calf strength in the ESG and significant decreases in dorsiflexion ROM and calf strength in the EG. Also, the EG lost more girth than the ESG.NDSU Athletic Training Program, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Development and Education
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Kistler, Brandon Michael. "The Acute Effects of Static Stretching on the Sprint Performance of Collegiate Males in the 60 and the 100 Meter Dash." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1247849681.
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Ferreira, Diana Oliveira. "Efeitos do tempo de alongamento estático na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais: uma revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6748.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Verificar a eficácia de diferentes durações de tempo do alongamento estático na flexibilidade dos Isquiotibiais Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados Web of Science , Pubmed e PEDro, utilizando as palavras-chave: “Static knee stretching” AND “duration” OR “time”. Resultados: Foram incluídos 6 artigos envolvendo 394 indivíduos, com idade entre os 17 e os 40 anos. As durações de alongamento estático dos músculos Isquiotibiais encontradas, foram de 0s a 180s. Conclusão: Na maioria dos estudos, o alongamento estático dos Isquiotibiais produziu um aumento significativo da amplitude de movimento, porém, não foram encontradas diferenças na utilização das diferentes durações de alongamento.
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of different static stretching time in the flexibility of the Hamstrings. Methodology: A computerized search was performed in the Web of Science, Pubmed and PEDro databases, using the keywords: "Static knee stretching" AND "duration" OR "time" Results: Six articles involving 394 individuals, were included aged between 17 and 40 years. Static stretching durations of the Hamstring muscles were 0s to 180s. Conclusion: In most studies, static stretching of the Hamstrings produced a significant increase in range of motion, but no differences were found in the use of different stretching times.
N/A
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Graham, Daniel Joseph. "The Long Term Effects of Short-Wave Diathermy and Long-Duration Static Stretch on Hamstring Flexibility." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd624.pdf.
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Mársico, Cristine. "Efetividade de um programa de treinamento de alongamento estático passivo sobre a flexibilidade e força muscular : ensaio clínico randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129746.
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Introdução: O alongamento destaca-se como recurso empregado pelos fisioterapeutas no tratamento e prevenção de doenças musculoesqueléticas. Porém, a diversidade de técnicas, frequência, duração de sustentação do alongamento geram dúvidas do que é realmente necessário para se obter melhores resultados com o alongamento. Objetivo: Comparar dois tempos distintos de duração de alongamento em um programa de seis semanas de treinamento de alongamento estático passivo, 30s e 60s, sobre a flexibilidade e a força dos músculos isquiotibiais e força de quadríceps de mulheres jovens. Material e Métodos: Esta pesquisa se caracteriza por um estudo clínico randomizado de acompanhamento longitudinal. A amostra foi composta por 45 mulheres com idades entre 20 e 40 anos, divididas em três grupos (G30) programa de treinamento de alongamento estático passivo com 30 segundos de duração; (G60) programa de treinamento de alongamento estático passivo com 60 segundos de duração e (GC) grupo controle, sem intervenção. As coletas foram realizadas em três etapas, que consistiu em (1) pré-teste para avaliar a flexibilidade e força muscular de quadril e joelho, (2) a intervenção, onde foram executados alongamentos com diferentes tempos de execução, 30 e 60 segundos, realizados duas vezes por semana durante 6 semanas e (3) pós teste que consistiu na reavaliação da flexibilidade e força, após período de intervenção. Para obtenção dos valores de amplitude de movimento do quadril e do joelho foi utilizado um goniômetro universal e para a coleta de dados relativa à força muscular, o dinamômetro isocinético Cybex Norm. A análise estatística consistiu na aplicação do teste de Shapiro Wilk e Levene para ver a normalidade e homogeneidade dos dados, respectivamente. Para a comparação entre os grupos (G30, G60 e GC) e intragrupos em momentos distintos (pré e pós) foi utilizado uma ANOVA two way de medidas repetidas. Para avaliar as diferenças identificadas o post-hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado. A análise foi feita no software SPSS 20.0 e o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: Os resultados do presente estudo mostram um aumento significativo no pico de torque concêntrico de extensores do joelho do momento pré para o pós nos grupos de 30 segundos (G30) e 60 segundos (G60) e uma diminuição significativa para o controle (GC). O pico de torque excêntrico dos extensores do joelho também apresentou um aumento significativo do momento pré para o pós em todos os grupos. Porém não apresentou diferença significativa nos picos de torque concêntrico e excêntrico de flexores do joelho. Em relação à amplitude de movimento de quadril e joelho, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nem intragrupos nos diferentes momentos. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que um único alongamento, de 30s ou 60s, executado duas vezes por semana num período de treinamento de seis semanas é insuficiente para promover aumento na amplitude de movimento de quadril e joelho e de ganho de força do grupo muscular alongado (isquiotibiais). No entanto, parece influenciar no aumento da força do grupo muscular oposto ao alongado (quadríceps).Introduction: Stretching is a resource widely used by physiotherapists to treat and prevent musculoskeletal disorders. However, discrepancies in stretching techniques, training period, and duration of stretching make it complicated to ensure what stretching parameters lead to the most satisfactory results. Objective: to compare the effect of two distinct durations of stretching (30s and 60s) on hamstrings flexibility and strength of untrained young women during a six-weeks training program. Material e Methodos: This research is characterized as a randomized clinical longitudinal study. Forty-five women (20 to 40 years old) participated in this study, they were divided in three groups: passive static stretching held for 30 seconds (G30); passive static stretching held for 60 seconds (G60); and control group, no intervention (CG). Data collection was carried out in three phases: (1) pre-test of hamstrings’ flexibility and strength; (2) Intervention, in which either 30s or 60s of passive static stretching was performed twice a week for six weeks; (3) post-test of hamstrings’ flexibility and strength. Hip and knee range of motion was measured using a universal goniometer, whereas the information about knee force production was gathered using an Isokinetic Dynamometer. Regarding statistical analyses, Shapiro WilK and Levene tests were used to data normalization and homogenization, respectively. For inter-groups (G30, G60, and CG), and intra-groups (pre and post) comparisons a mixed ANOVA two way was performed. If significant interaction was observed, a Bonferroni post hoc test was conducted. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20, and statistical significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.Results: The results of the present study show significant increase of knee extensors Eccentric and Concentric Peak Torque in both G30 and G60 after stretching training, CG showed significant decrease on knee extensor Concentric Peak Torque, and increase on knee extensor Eccentric Peak Torque after stretching training. Nevertheless, knee flexors Concentric and Eccentric Peak Torque remained unaltered in all groups after stretching training. In relation to range of hip and knee movement, there was no significant difference between the groups or intra groups or the times. Conclusion: The findings showed that a single stretch , 30 or 60 s, of static stretching performed twice a week for six weeks are not sufficient to improve flexibility or strength of the stretched muscles. However, this parameter has an effect muscle strength of the antagonist group.
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Kay, Anthony D. "Impact of static stretch and muscular contractions on force production within the human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/123.
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Pre-performance routines commonly include stretching and intense muscular contractions in an attempt to optimise muscular performance and reduce injury risk. However, the isolated and combined effects of stretching and muscle contractions on neuromuscular performance are not well described. The aims of this research were to examine the effects of acute static stretch and intense muscular contractions on force production of the human plantarflexors and to examine possible mechanical and neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning any changes. Techniques including isokinetic dynamometry, electromyography (EMG), sonography and motion analysis were used in three studies on recreationally active human volunteers (n=20). In the first study, three 60-s passive stretches was found to significantly reduce concentric plantarflexor joint moment (5.0%; P<0.05), which was correlated (r = 0.81; P<0.01) with a reduction in EMG amplitude (9.2%; P<0.05). No reduction in Achilles tendon stiffness or gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle operating length was found, and all measures recovered by 30 min. This indicates that post-stretch force losses are transient and are largely associated with reduced neuromuscular activity (EMG amplitude) rather than changes in the muscles’ operating lengths. Nonetheless, strong muscular contractions, commonly performed during preperformance routines and incorporated into research designs, may influence the effects of stretch. In the second study it was found that six 8-s maximal isometric contractions reduced Achilles tendon stiffness (10.9%; P<0.01) and passive joint moment (4.9%; P<0.01) and also significantly reduced concentric moment (11.5%; P<0.01), which was again correlated (r = 0.90; P<0.01) with a reduction in EMG amplitude (21.0%; P<0.01). Importantly, a subsequent bout of static stretch, which was identical to that used in study 1, did not result in a further change in any measure (P > 0.05). Whilst concentric moment and EMG recovered 30 min later, the decreases in Achilles tendon stiffness and passive moment remained. Thus, the normal stretch-induced reductions in force production were removed when isometric contractions were performed prior to stretch, but this was because concentric strength and neuromuscular activity were already affected; the reduction in concentric moment without a decrease in isometric moment indicates a contraction mode-specific response. The final study revealed that the use of concentric contractions (6×8-s) also resulted in similar reductions in Achilles tendon stiffness (11.7%; P<0.01) and concentric joint moment (6.6%; P<0.01) as the isometric contractions, and these were correlated (r = 0.94; P<0.01) with a reduction in EMG amplitude (10.2%; P<0.01). However, a further reduction in concentric moment was detected following an identical bout of static stretch (5.8%; P<0.01) with no further change in EMG. Importantly, EMG recovered 30 min later while concentric moment remained depressed (9.2%; P<0.01), indicating a musclebased mechanism for these force losses. No reduction in GM muscle operating length was found, removing this as a mechanism underpinning the losses in force. The findings from the present series of studies have important implications for research study design as the warm-up imposed on subjects prior to stretch seems to strongly influence the impact of stretch. Furthermore, the results also have important practical implications in the formulation of preperformance routines where maximal force production in the plantarflexors is an important goal.
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Rebelo, Vera Sofia Félix. "Efeito imediato do alongamento estático vs alongamento dinâmico na flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais no sexo feminino." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7661.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: A flexibilidade de um músculo consiste na capacidade que este tem de se alongar, permitindo que uma ou mais articulações se movimentem na sua amplitude de movimento. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de duas técnicas de alongamento distintas (alongamento estático e alongamento dinâmico) na flexibilidade imediata dos isquiotibiais no sexo feminino. Metodologia: Participaram no estudo 63 alunas de Fisioterapia da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, distribuídas de forma aleatória por três grupos: controlo, alongamento estático e alongamento dinâmico. A amplitude de movimento foi avaliada antes e depois da aplicação da técnica através de um goniómetro e do banco de Wells. Foi apenas realizada uma única sessão, sendo o alongamento estático realizado passivamente apenas durante 30 segundos em cada perna e o alongamento dinâmico, 1 série de 3 repetições. Resultados: Verificou-se que apenas houve diferenças significativas entre os momentos iniciais e finais nos dois grupos de alongamento e no momento final entre o grupo de controlo e os dois grupos de alongamento. No entanto, em nenhum momento se verificou diferença significativa entre o alongamento estático e o dinâmico. Conclusão: Concluímos que apesar de não haver diferenças significativas entre os dois tipos de alongamento, ambos foram eficazes no alongamento imediato dos isquiotibiais, no sexo feminino.
Introduction: The flexibility of a muscle consists of its ability to stretch, allowing one or more joints to move in their range of motion. Objective: To analyze the effect of two distinct stretching techniques (static stretching and dynamic stretching) on the immediate flexibility of the hamstrings in women. Methodology: Sixty-three students from Physiotherapy of Fernando Pessoa University, were randomly assigned into three groups: control, static stretching and dynamic stretching. They were evaluated before and after the application of the technique through a goniometer and the Wells bank. Only one session was held, where the static stretching was passively held through 30s in each leg and the dynamic, 1 serie of 3 repetitions. Results: It was found that there were only significant differences between the initial and final moments in both stretching groups and in the final moment, between the control group and both stretching groups. However, there was no significant difference between static and dynamic stretching in any moment. Conclusion: We conclude that although there were no significant differences between the two types of stretching, both were effective in the immediate stretching of the hamstrings in women.
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Faria, Artur Alfredo Jorge de. "Efeitos agudos do alongamento estático na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4784.
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Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, ramo de Fisioterapia DesportivaO sistema nervoso autónomo é importante para o controlo de funções vitais do organismo, sendo facilmente influenciado por estímulos externos. Um desses estímulos é o alongamento. O alongamento é amplamente usado em actividades desportivas ou recreativas, pelo que é pertinente avaliar a sua influência no sistema nervoso autónomo. O presente estudo procurou verificar se o alongamento estático na forma do teste de sit-and-reach modificado, promove alterações agudas na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, a qual é um indicador da actividade do sistema nervoso autónomo. Foram seleccionados 47 indivíduos e aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos experimentais (Grupo 1 – n= 24; Grupo 2 – n= 23). O grupo 1 executou um alongamento de 1,5m e o grupo dois de 0,5m. Cada individuo foi analisado quanto a vários índices da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, o momento anterior durante e posterior ao alongamento. O índice pNN50 obteve uma média total significativamente superior no grupo 2 (p< 0,05). Todos os índices obtiveram diferenças significativas entre o momento durante o alongamento e o momento anterior e posterior intra-grupo e intergrupal. O índice pNN50 obteve também diferenças inter-grupo no momento durante o alongamento. Não foi encontrada interacção protocolo/momento. The autonomic nervous system is important for the control of vital body functions, being easily altered by external stimuli. One of those stimuli is stretching. Stretching is broadly used in sport or recreational activities and therefore it is important to address its influence on the autonomic nervous system. The present study tried to verify if static stretching in the form of a modified sit-and-reach test, promotes acute changes on the heart rate variability, which is an indicator of the autonomic nervous system activity. Forty-seven (47) subjects were selected and randomly allocated in two experimental groups (Group 1 –n= 24; Group 2 – n= 23). Group 1 stretched for 1.5m and group 2 for 0.5m. Each subject was analyzed for several heart rate variability indexes, before, during and after the stretching period. The pNN50 index obtained a significantly superior total average on group 2 (p< 0.05). All other indexes had the moment during the stretching significantly different from the moment before and after the stretch, intragroups, and between-groups. The pNN50 index also obtained between-group differences on the moment during the stretching. No protocol/moment interaction was found.
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Opplert, Jules-Antoine. "Effets aigus des étirements statiques et dynamiques sur le système neuromusculaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK036/document.
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Dans un contexte de performance sportive, de réhabilitation ou de santé, les étirements sont couramment utilisés dans le but de préparer le système neuromusculaire à l’exercice subséquent. Si la littérature montre majoritairement que les étirements altèrent de façon aigue la performance musculaire et/ou fonctionnelle, il existe toutefois des études dont les résultats diffèrent, suggérant l’influence d’un certain nombre de facteurs sur la variabilité des réponses du système neuromusculaire. Pour une meilleure compréhension de cette variabilité et des mécanismes impliqués, cette thèse avait pour objectif d’examiner l’influence de différents paramètres sur le système neuromusculaire : la durée d’étirement, le groupe musculaire et la modalité d’étirement. Au travers de quatre études, il a été montré que les étirements statiques pouvaient altérer la production de force maximale et les propriétés neuromusculaires indépendamment de la durée d’étirement. Cependant, il est apparu que ces modulations étaient spécifiques au muscle, et plus précisément à la raideur relative du système musculo-tendineux. Indépendamment de la durée d’étirement, les étirements statiques ne seraient pas efficaces pour préparer le système neuromusculaire à une activité musculaire subséquente, et notamment pour des muscles raides. Plus particulièrement, les étirements dynamiques ne paraissent pas plus efficaces. Même si les effets néfastes ont été diminués comparativement aux étirements statiques, ils ne favoriseraient pas davantage la production de force ni la commande nerveuse. Toutefois, il est intéressant de noter qu’une durée courte d’étirements dynamiques peut réduire la résistance passive à l’étirement, et donc augmenter potentiellement l’amplitude articulaire maximale, sans affecter les capacités de production de force. Finalement, les étirements dynamiques pourraient être envisagés comme une activité musculaire dynamique, qui compense partiellement les effets néfastes de l’étirement sur la performance musculaire. D’un point de vue pratique, ceci suggère que ce type d’étirements peut être réalisé avant une performance, mais néanmoins accompagnés d’une activité musculaire de plus haute intensité, afin d’optimiser les effets de l’échauffement musculaire sur le système neuromusculaire. En définitive, la variabilité des réponses du système neuromusculaire serait dépendante de facteurs spécifiques, tels que la modalité d’étirement et la raideur relative du système musculo-tendineux, soulignant l’importance de les prendre en considération dans la pratiqueStretching is traditionally incorporated into pre-exercise routines in health, rehabilitation and sporting environments to condition the neuromuscular system for exercise. While a large body of evidence reported that stretching may acutely impair the subsequent muscular performance, some conflicting results highlight possible mitigating factors of neuromuscular responses variability. Because the limited data available do not present a clear consensus, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of different factors on neuromuscular responses to stretch: the muscle group, the stretch duration and modality. By means of four studies, it has been shown that static stretching may alter maximal voluntary torque and neuromuscular properties, irrespective of the stretch duration. However, these modulations were dependent on the muscle group, and more specifically on the intrinsic stiffness of the muscle-tendon system. Regardless of the stretch duration, static stretching appears to be not effective, or even detrimental, to prepare the musculotendinous system for subsequent exercises, and especially for stiff muscles. It is also relevant that dynamic stretching was not better than static stretching. Even if stretch-induced impairments were mitigated compared to static stretching, dynamic stretching would not optimize muscle strength capacities and central nervous system. However, a short duration of dynamic stretching may be sufficient to reduce passive resistive torque, and therefore potentially increase maximal range of motion, without affecting muscle strength capacities. Finally, dynamic stretching could be considered as dynamic muscle activity, which would partly counteract deleterious muscle-tendon stretching effects. From a practical point of view, dynamic stretching could be a part of warm-up procedure, but should be associated to stronger contractions to optimize the improvement in muscle strength capacities. In summary, the variability of neuromuscular responses to stretch would be dependent on specific factors, such as stretching modality and relative stiffness of the musculotendinous system, emphasizing the importance of taking it into consideration in practice
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Beyris, Jean-Charles. "Efeito do “foam roller” vs o alongamento estático na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais em jovens adultos." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8791.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Foi o de comparar os efeitos da utilização do Foam Roller e do alongamento estático ao nível dos isquiotibiais em jovens adultos. Métodos: Uma amostra composta por 28 sujeitos foi avaliada em dois momentos diferentes: antes da aplicação dos protocolos de alongamento, tendo sido medido o comprimento dos isquiotibiais recurso à caixa de Wells e depois do protocolo com Foam Roller (3 x 1 minutos ), assim como depois do protocolo de alongamento estático (2 x 30 segundos). Resultados: O foam roller e o alongamento estático produziram efeitos significativos na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, no entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as duas técnicas em estudo. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o foam roller e o alongamento estático, parecem induzir um aumento significativo da flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, de maneira similar.
Summary : Compare the effect of foam-roller and the static stretching on the hamstring muscles flexibility of young adults. Methods : A population of 28 persons was evaluated into two different moments : before the application of the stretching protocols, was measured the stretch level of the hamstring muscular group, thanks to the Wells box and after the Foam Roller protocol (3 x 1 minute), as well as after the static stretching protocol (2 x 30 seconds). Results : the foam roller and the static stretching where able to produces significant positive effect on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles, however, statically, there is not one technique who has produces a better result. Conclusion : The results of this study, suggest that the foam roller and the static stretch present the same way of significal increase on the hamstring flexibility.
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Alitta, Robin. "Efeitos imediatos da vacuoterapia dinâmica na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6743.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: verificar os efeitos imediatos da vacuoterapia dinamica na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais em indivíduos saudáveis, associados a um protocolo de alongamento. Métodos: a investigação começou com a avaliação inicial (A0), onde foi aplicado o teste Senta e Alcança aos dois grupos: grupo com vacuoterapia (GCV) (n=27) e grupo sem vacuoterapia (GSV) (n=25). De seguida, ambos os grupos receberam o mesmo protocolo de alongamento dos isquiotibiais, sendo que, posteriormente, no GCV foi aplicada a vacuoterapia dinâmica e no GSV os participantes descansaram durante 6 minutos. Os dois grupos realizaram de novo a mesma avaliação 5 minutos depois (A1). A análise estatística foi realizada recorrendo ao software SPSS v.24 para efetuar os testes Shapiro-Wilk, χ2 (Quiquadrado) e teste t Student emparelhado ou independente. Resultados: o alongamento estático Strait Leg Raise (SLR) produziu aumento significativo e imediato na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, que é potenciado e significativamente superior (p<0,0001), após a aplicação de vacuoterapia dinâmica, como se verificou na diferença entre grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a vacuoterapia dinâmica, juntamente com alongamento estático SLR, apresenta um aumento significativo da flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais comparando com o alongamento estático SLR.
Objective: to verify the immediate effects of dynamic cupping therapy on hamstring flexibility in healthy individuals, associated to a stretching protocol. Methods: The investigation started with the initial evaluation (A0), where the Sit and Reach test was applied to the two groups: group with cupping therapy (GCV) (n = 27) and group without cupping therapy (GSV) (n = 25). Then, both groups received the same hamstring stretching protocol, after which in the GCV the dynamic cupping therapy was applied and in the GSV the participants rested for 6 minutes. The two groups again performed the same evaluation 5 minutes later (A1). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v.24 software to perform the Shapiro-Wilk test, χ2 (Chi-square) test and paired or independent Student t tests. Results: Static Strait Leg Raise (SLR) stretching produced a significant and immediate increase in the flexibility of the hamstrings, which is boosted and significantly higher (p<0,0001) after the application of dynamic vacuotherapy, as verified in the difference between groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that dynamic vacuotherapy, coupled with static stretching SLR, presents a significant increase in hamstring flexibility compared to static SLR stretching.
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Neves, Guilherme João Albernaz. "Efeitos agudos do alongamento no músculo e na performance muscular: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3477.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjectivo: O objectivo deste projecto foi o de reunir artigos que estudassem os efeitos agudos do alongamento na performance e força máxima, permitindo assim, uma revisão bibliográfica. Metodologia: Foi feita uma pesquisa em bases de dados com a MEDLINE/Pubmed research, b-on, e PEDro, para artigos do ano de 2000 até à actualidade, na língua inglesa. Os artigos tinham que ser todos experimentais, e tinham que respeitar os termos usados na pesquisa. Foram excluídos os artigos que fugissem minimamente ao tema. Também o uso dos nomes de autores foi usado, como forma de pesquisa, para poder ter mais estudos sobre este tema. Resultados: Todos os artigos selecionados tiveram resultados idênticos, com provas de que um alongamento estático e por técnica de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (PNF) diminuíam a performance muscular e também a força máxima. Já um alongamento dinâmico tinha como efeito um aumento da força e da performance muscular. Conclusões: Idealmente, deverão ser usados como forma de aquecimento para actividade fisica, os alongamentos dinâmicos, e evitar usar alongamentos estáticos(protocolos prolongados) ou por PNF. Objective: The objective of this study was to gather articles that would study the effects of stretching in muscle performance and in maximal voluntary force. Methods: A search in databases like MEDLINE/Pubmed research, b-on, and PEDro were made, for articles from the year 2000 to the present day, in the English language. The articles had to be experimental and all had to respect the terms used in the research. All who did not respect the study’s topic were excluded. Further on the research, names of authers were used, in order to bet access to more articles of the same subject. Results: All articles had identical results, proving that static ou PNF stretching could diminish performance and maximal voluntary force. As for dynamic stretch, improvements in performance and force are achieved. Conclution: Idealy, dynamic stretchs should be used as a warm up for physical activities, avoiding the use of static or PNF stretching.
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Vuk, Stevanović. "Акутни ефекти различитих садржаја уводно-припремног дела тренинга на моторичке способности и неуромишићну адаптацију кошаркаша." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101038&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Циљ рада: Циљ истраживања је да се утврди разлика у акутним ефектима статичког (СИ) и динамичког истезања (ДИ), у комбинацији са специфичним кошаркашким загревањем (СКЗ), на флексибилност, експлозивну снагу ногу, брзину, агилност и неуромишићну адаптацију кошаркаша јуниорског узраста.Методе: Истраживање у оквиру ове докторске тезе су чинила два одвојена експеримента, један спроведен у теренским условима, и други спроведен у лабораторијским. Оба су била „cross-over“ дизајна. У теренском експерименту је учествовало 46 кошаркаша (узраста 17±0,83 година), док је у лабораторијском учествовало 12 (узраста 17,7±0,49 година). У теренском експерименту су тестиране четири моторичке способности. За процену флексибилности коришћен је тест досезања у седећем претклону, експлозивна снага ногу је процењивана уз помоћ вертикалног скока са контактне плоче, брзина трчањем на 20 метара, док је Т тест коришћен за процену агилности. У лабораторијском експерименту је као мера неурофизиолошке адаптације коришћена промена ексцитабилности α-мотонеурона, која је представљена као однос Хофмановог (Х) рефлекса и М таласа (Х/М). За њихово одређивање се користио Medelec ST-10 стимулатор (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Површинске електромиографске електроде су биле постављене на унутрашњој глави m.gastrocnemius-a одскочне ноге, применом тзв. „belly-tendon“ монтаже. Као третмани, у оба експеримента су коришћени протокол статичког и протокол динамичког истезања, уз комбинацију са специфичним кошаркашким загревањем. Мерења су се у оба експеримента изводила у 3 временске тачке и то пре протокола истезања, одмах након протокола истезања (а пре специфичног кошаркашког загревања) и одмах након специфичног кошаркашког загревања.Резултати: Резултати истраживања показују да постоје одређене разлике акутних ефеката комбинација протокола СИ+СКЗ и ДИ+СКЗ. Комбинација протокола СИ+СКЗ је повољније утицала на експлозивну снагу ногу и на агилност кошаркаша јуниорског узраста. Ефекти обе комбинације протокола су били готово идентични на флексибилност, а разлика је изостала и у ефектима на брзину, иако је пре СКЗ био уочљив негативан ефекат СИ. Однос Х/М се значајно разликовао одмах након истезања, када је СИ значајно оборило однос, али су се те разлике изгубиле након примене СКЗ.Закључак: Посматрајући ефекте комбинације протокола СИ+СКЗ и ДИ+СКЗ на моторичке способности и неуромишићну адаптацију кошаркаша јуниорског узраста, може се закључити да је примена СИ+СКЗ препоручљивија у свакодневном тренингу и такмичењу.Cilj rada: Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi razlika u akutnim efektima statičkog (SI) i dinamičkog istezanja (DI), u kombinaciji sa specifičnim košarkaškim zagrevanjem (SKZ), na fleksibilnost, eksplozivnu snagu nogu, brzinu, agilnost i neuromišićnu adaptaciju košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta.Metode: Istraživanje u okviru ove doktorske teze su činila dva odvojena eksperimenta, jedan sproveden u terenskim uslovima, i drugi sproveden u laboratorijskim. Oba su bila „cross-over“ dizajna. U terenskom eksperimentu je učestvovalo 46 košarkaša (uzrasta 17±0,83 godina), dok je u laboratorijskom učestvovalo 12 (uzrasta 17,7±0,49 godina). U terenskom eksperimentu su testirane četiri motoričke sposobnosti. Za procenu fleksibilnosti korišćen je test dosezanja u sedećem pretklonu, eksplozivna snaga nogu je procenjivana uz pomoć vertikalnog skoka sa kontaktne ploče, brzina trčanjem na 20 metara, dok je T test korišćen za procenu agilnosti. U laboratorijskom eksperimentu je kao mera neurofiziološke adaptacije korišćena promena ekscitabilnosti α-motoneurona, koja je predstavljena kao odnos Hofmanovog (H) refleksa i M talasa (H/M). Za njihovo određivanje se koristio Medelec ST-10 stimulator (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Površinske elektromiografske elektrode su bile postavljene na unutrašnjoj glavi m.gastrocnemius-a odskočne noge, primenom tzv. „belly-tendon“ montaže. Kao tretmani, u oba eksperimenta su korišćeni protokol statičkog i protokol dinamičkog istezanja, uz kombinaciju sa specifičnim košarkaškim zagrevanjem. Merenja su se u oba eksperimenta izvodila u 3 vremenske tačke i to pre protokola istezanja, odmah nakon protokola istezanja (a pre specifičnog košarkaškog zagrevanja) i odmah nakon specifičnog košarkaškog zagrevanja.Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoje određene razlike akutnih efekata kombinacija protokola SI+SKZ i DI+SKZ. Kombinacija protokola SI+SKZ je povoljnije uticala na eksplozivnu snagu nogu i na agilnost košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta. Efekti obe kombinacije protokola su bili gotovo identični na fleksibilnost, a razlika je izostala i u efektima na brzinu, iako je pre SKZ bio uočljiv negativan efekat SI. Odnos H/M se značajno razlikovao odmah nakon istezanja, kada je SI značajno oborilo odnos, ali su se te razlike izgubile nakon primene SKZ.Zaključak: Posmatrajući efekte kombinacije protokola SI+SKZ i DI+SKZ na motoričke sposobnosti i neuromišićnu adaptaciju košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta, može se zaključiti da je primena SI+SKZ preporučljivija u svakodnevnom treningu i takmičenju.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference of acute effects of static stretching (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS), in combination with specific basketball warm-up (SBWU), on flexibility, explosive leg strength, speed, agility and neuromuscular adaptation of basketball players U18.Methods: This study consisted of two separated experiments, first in field conditions, and second conducted in laboratory. Both had „cross-over“ design. Forty-six basketball players (age: 17±0,83 years) participated in field experiment, while twelve participated in laboratory experiment (age 17,7±0,49 years). In field experiment, four motor abilities were tested. Seat and rech test was used for the evaluation of flexibility, explosive leg strength was evaluated by vertical jump from contact plate, speed by 20m run, and T test was used for agility testing. In laboratory experiment, the excitability of α-motoneuron was taken for the evaluation of neuromuscular adaptation. It is presented as a ratio of the maximal amplitudes of Hoffman (H) reflex and M wave (H/M). For their determining we used Medelec ST-10 stimulator (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Surface electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were placed over the m.gastrocnemius medialis, and Achilles tendon, in a „belly-tendon“ montage. In both experiments, SS protocol and DS protocol, in the combination with SBWU, were used as a treatment. Measures were taken in 3 time points: before the stretching, immediately after stretching (and before SBWU) and immediately after the SBWU.Results: Results of this study showed that there are certain differences in acute effects of combination of protocols SS+SBWU and DS+SBWU. Combination of protocols SS+SBWU had more positive influence on explosive leg strength and agility of U18 basketball players. The effects of both protocols were almost the same on flexibility, and there was no noticeable difference in effects on speed, although before SBWU there was significant negative of SS. Immediately after the stretching there was significant difference in H/M ratio, it was significantly lower after the SS, but after the application of SBWU, differences disappeared. Conlcusion: Regarding the effects of SS+SBWU and DS+SBWU protocols on motor abilities and neuromuscular adaptation of U18 basketball players, it could be concluded that the use of SS+SBWU is more preferrable in everyday practice and competition.
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Flick, Lisa Ann. "Stretching the Bounds: Lady Jean Skipwith, Mistress of Prestwould, 1748-1826." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625422.
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Williams, Jan Mark. "Stretching the Chains: Runaway Slaves in South Carolina and Jamaica." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625689.
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Chang, Ting-Chia, and 張庭嘉. "The effects of static stretching on proprioception after shoulder fatigue." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41745953949960397306.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育大學
運動保健科學研究所
97
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static stretching and rest on proprioception after shoulder fatigue. Methods: Fifteen health males were involved in this research. The subjects were randomly assigned to attend two treatment sessions each. Wherein they would receive either a static stretching on internal rotators or rest. Before each treatment section, investigators would obtain the subjects’ proprioception data on flexion-extension, valgus-varus and rotatorion of shoulder at abduction 90° external rotation 75° (ABD90-ER75) and abduction 90° internal rotation 30° (ABD90-IR30). Followed the measurement, subjects execute maximum isokinetic work of internal rotator at 180°/s on BIODEX dynamometer to induce fatigue. The difinition of fatigue was when joint torque reduced to 50% MVC. After fatigue potocol and each treatment, investigators would obtain subjects’ proprioception data immediately and thereafter each 5 minutes for three more measurements. The data were collected by ultrasound 3D-motion analysis system(ZEBRIS). For each proprioception measurement, the absolute error degree (AED) of joint rotation on two planes comprised arm and trunk were obtained. The differences between two groups and fine times were analyzed by two way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Static stretching was significant difference between pre and fatigue 0 min on position of ABD90-IR30 except flexion-extension (p<0.05). Static stretching was significant difference between fatigue 0 min and fatigue 15 min on position of ABD90-ER75 except rotator (p<0.05). Static stretching was no significant difference between fatigue 0 min and fatigue 10 min on position of ABD90-IR30 at flexion-extension (p>0.05). There were no significant difference between static stretching and rest (p>0.05). Conclusion: The proprioception would get worse after muscle fatigue. Static stretching treatment after muscle fatigue had positive effects on proprioception recovery. The ultrasound 3D-motion analysis system(ZEBRIS) can provide additional angle of motion for the measurements of joint postioning.
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Sundquist, Robert D. "The comparative effectiveness of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques in increasing hip flexion range of motion." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15265.
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Power, Kevin Edward. "An acute bout of static stretching : effects on force and jumping performance /." 2003.
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MacDougall, Tarryn Clair. "The relative effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitative stretching as compared to static stretching in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2167.
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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999.The purpose of this study is to determine the relative effectiveness of (Contract-Relax- Agonist-Contract) CRAC stretching, a component of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitated (PNF) stretching, as opposed to static stretching in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points of the shoulder girdle and neck muscles. This was a randomised clinical trial consisting of two groups. Group A received static stretching as their treatment protocol and Group B received PNF (CRAC) as their treatment protocol. Each group consisted of fifteen people between the ages of 18 and 55 who were randomly allocated to their respective groups. It is hypothesised that PNF (CRAC) stretching would be relatively more effective than Static stretching in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points of the shoulder girdle and neck muscles. Subjects diagnosed with active myofascial trigger points in the Trapezius, Infraspinatus and Rhomboid muscles were included in the study. The treatment regime consisted of a course of five treatments spread over a period of two weeks and then a one - month follow up consultation. Subjective and objective measurements were taken at the first, fifth and follow up consultations. Subjective data consisted of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the CMCC Neck Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale -101. The objective data was collected by means of algometer and goniometer measurements. This data was used to perform statistical analysis using the non-parametric Wilcoxin signed-rank test and the Mann Whitney unpaired test to compare intra-group and intergroup data respectively, at a 95% confidence level. This study suggests that both static and PNF (CRAC) stretching are effective in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. However there is no clinical statistical difference between these two treatments. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to clearly evaluate the use of stretching in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points.
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Discaya, Erwin Josh Lim, and 施宗佑. "Enhancing Ankle Range of Motion through Foam Rolling in Combination with Static Stretching." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/373dwc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
103
Enhancing Ankle Range of Motion through Foam Rolling in Combination with Static Stretching January, 2015 Student: Erwin Josh Discaya Adviser: Professor Ken Huang Abstract A new technique of myofascial release (MFR) therapy that uses a foam roller termed self-myofascial release (SMR) has become of increasingly common practice for treating softtissue restrictions. SMR works under the same principles as myofascial release which is to help reduce restrictive barriers or fibrous adhesions seen between layers of fascial tissue. This research aims to determine the effect of foam rolling on ankle range of motion (ROM). The participants were 15 students with ankle injury from Chinese Culture University. A two-way repeated measure ANOVA with the alpha level set at p < .05 was used to determine if there is any significant difference in the ankle range of motion. The result showed that foam rolling has no significant effect on enhancing ankle ROM. It is concluded in this study that foam rolling has little to no significant effect on the ankle range of motion of individuals who have injured ankles with some factors that should be taken into consideration and be noted for future study. Keywords: foam roller, myofascial release, self-myofascial release, range of motion (ROM)
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Wang, Hsiu-Yin, and 王秀銀. "The Effect on Power Between Static Stretching Duration and Pre-test Resting Duration." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m82he2.
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碩士國立體育學院
教練研究所
90
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between flexibility and power of the male students from the Ming-Chuan University. A total of 30 male students (age 21.73 ± 1.60 years, height 173.33 ± 5.07 cm.; weight 65.43 ± 7.84 kg.) participated in this study. The participants were tested through the flexibility of sit-reach test as well as the power of vertical jump test. After the measurement, the researcher explored the effect on participants’ power between different static stretching duration and pre-test resting duration. The results confirmed as follows by using the Depend Two-Way ANOVA statistical technique. (1) A significant correlation was found between participants’ flexibility and power (r=.43, p<.05). In other words, the better the flexibility, the better the power was discovered. (2) No significant correlation was found in participants’ power between static stretching duration (one minute, two minutes, and three minutes) and pre-test resting duration (ten seconds jump immediately, five minutes, ten minutes, and fifteen minutes). (3) No significant difference appeared among different static stretching duration (one minute, two minutes, and three minutes). (4) Among different pre-test resting duration (ten seconds jump immediately, five minutes, ten minutes, and fifteen minutes), the best effect on participants’ power was found in the ten-second resting duration.
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Liu, Shao-Yi, and 劉韶怡. "The effect of vibration and static stretching on sport performance of volleyball athletes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59888831856355708062.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
99
Purpose：The aim of this study was to compare the effect of vibration and static stretching on rate of tension development and flexibility of volleyball athletes. Methods：Fifteen female volleyball athletes randomly divided into vibration group (eight athletes with vibration training) and static group (seven athletes without vibration training). After six weeks training, pre and post-test were conducted with Biodex、High-speed video camera and motion analysis system to evaluate the rate of tension development and flexibility. Result：After six weeks training, the rate of tension development were significantly increased with vibration. After four weeks training, the rate of tension development were evident significantly increased. The effect of the flexibility performance were significantly increased with vibration at immediately. After four weeks training, the flexibility were significantly increased with vibration and without vibration. After four weeks training, the flexibility were evident significantly increased with vibration and without vibration. Conclusions： Vibration stretch training could increase rate of tension development and flexibility simultaneously. The static stretch training could increase flexibility performance only.
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Hayes, Bradley T. "The neuromuscular effects of a long-term static stretching program on the human soleus." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28867.
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a long-term
static stretching program on flexibility and spinal reflexes in the
human soleus muscle. Day-to-day reliability over two days of H-reflex gain
(Hslp/Mslp) and pre-synaptic inhibition of spinal reflexes in the human
soleus was measured in an initial study. Thirty subjects (age=23.4 ± 3.9
yr, height=175.64 ± 10.87 cm, weight=84.5 ± 24.18 kg) with no history of
lower leg pathology and/or injury within the previous 12 months
volunteered. The slopes of the ascending portions of the H-reflex and M-wave
recruitment curves were used to evaluate H-reflex gain (Hslp/Mslp).
The mean soleus H-reflex from 10 conditioning stimulations and 10
unconditioned stimulations was used to calculate the amount of pre-synaptic
inhibition. Measurements of H-reflex gain and pre-synaptic
inhibition yielded test-retest reliability of R=.95 and R=.91, respectively.
The contribution of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic reciprocal
mechanisms in flexibility adaptations has not been measured during the
same study. A long-term static stretching program (5 times per week for 6
weeks) of the soleus implemented within an experimental group of 20
subjects was used as an intervention to measure both spinal control
flexibility changes. Additionally, 20 control subjects were measured that
did not participate in the stretching program. Passive ankle dorsiflexion,
Hmax/Mmax, H-reflex gain (Hslp/Mslp), pre-synaptic and post-synaptic
reciprocal mechanisms were measured at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks
for all 40 subjects. A 2 (Group) X 2 (Sex) X 3 (Time) mixed MANOVA with
Tukey HSD with (a<0.05) was used. Only ROM had a significant
interaction between Group and Time, whereas, a significant difference was
not detected in the other dependent variables. The experimental group
demonstrated significantly improved dorsiflexion ROM from baseline to 3
weeks (mean=6.2 ± .88, P<0.001), 3 weeks to 6 weeks (mean=4.9 ±
.84, P<0.001), and baseline to 6 weeks (mean=11.2 ± .91, P<0.001).
Consequently, the increase in flexibility by 42% after 30 stretching
sessions was not the result of spinal reflex changes.Graduation date: 2006
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Hayes, Bradley T. "The neuromuscular effects of a long-term static stretching program on the human soleus." 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2006.Blank pages 143 and 159 not microfilmed. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Chung, Chieh-Jui, and 鍾誱金芮. "Effects of Static Stretching on the Bench Press and Squat Performance in Female Weightlifters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96800410818153979287.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
101
Purpose: To examine the effect of static stretching on the subsequent 1 repetition maximum (1RM) performance of the bench press and squat, and flexibility in female weightlifters. Methods: Twelve female weightlifters were recruited as participants in this randomized crossover designed study. All participants performed either static stretching (SS) to the upper and lower body or control (CON) treatments prior to the 1RM test. Each stretching exercise was maintained for 30-s with 30-s rest interval, and repeated 3 times. The CON treatment did not perform any stretching activity. The 1RM tests were conducted immediately after experimental treatments, which were separated by at least 48 hours. The flexibility tests included the sit-and-reach test, and shoulder reach flexibility test. Flexibility test was performed before and after treatments. Results: For the effects of static stretching on the bench press 1RM performance, there was no significant difference between the two treatments (SS vs. CON, 57.7 ± 10.9 vs. 58.4 ± 11.0 kg, p > .05). However, the 1RM performance for squat was significantly lower in SS than that in CON (SS vs. CON, 122.9 ± 27.4 vs. 126.7 ± 27.8 kg, p < .05). No significant difference was found on the 1RM percentage changes ([SS－CON/CON] ×100%) between bench press and squat exercises (p > .05). No significant differences in the flexibility of right shoulder (SS vs. CON, 1.58 ± 10.52 cm vs. 2.08 ± 11.55 cm, p < .05), left shoulder (SS vs. CON, 6.17 ± 11.05 cm vs. 6.75 ± 11.75 cm, p < .05), and the sit-and-reach after warm up activities (SS vs. CON, 42.3 ± 6.0 cm vs. 41.8 ± 5.9 cm, p < .05). Conclusion: Static stretching (3 × 30 s) might neither improve the flexibilities, nor change the bench press 1RM in female weightlifters. However, such stretching exercises might significantly decrease the 1RM performance in squat exercise.
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Garin, Theresa May, and 泰瑞莎‧葛琳. "Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on the Subsequent Pitching Performance in Collegiate Baseball Players." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92y9x2.
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碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
102
Stretching is an important component of all athletic warm-up routines. These activities are done before exercises as they are believed to prepare the body for vigorous physical activities and athletic events. The study poses that there is no significant difference between the effects of dynamic and static stretching to the pitching velocity of the players. This research aims to determine the effect of dynamic versus static stretching of throwing shoulder on throwing velocity of baseball players. The subjects of the study were 15 collegiate baseball players of Chinese Culture University. A repeated measure One-Way ANOVA was used to determine if there is any significant differences in velocity performance existed in baseball players. The statistic significance was set at p < .05. The result showed that stretching protocols has no significant effect on the pitching performance of the baseball players. It is concluded that no matter what type of stretching was performed there is no significant effect, either negative or positive, on the performance of throwing velocity among baseball players
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Bourne, Anastasia Elizabeth. "Stretching with whole body vibration versus traditional static stretches to increase acute hamstring range of motion." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/950.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if performing static active knee extension hamstring stretching using the Pneumex Pro-Vibe vibrating platform increased acute hamstring range of motion (ROM) greater than traditional static active knee extension hamstring stretching. METHODS: A within subject design was utilized with subjects undergoing static stretching with vibration and without vibration (conditions counterbalanced). Pre- and post-test active and passive ROM was measured for the right leg, with subjects first undergoing a 5-minute warm-up on a stationary bicycle. Supine active knee extension was performed on the Pro-Vibe platform with and without vibration. The stretch was held 3 times each for 30 seconds, with a 20-second rest period between each stretch. Vibration was set at 30 Hz at the “high” amplitude setting. Active hamstring ROM was measured via active knee extension using a goniometer with the leg in 90° of hip flexion. Passive ROM was measured via clinician-assisted knee extension with the leg in 90° of hip flexion. RESULTS: A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed for passive ROM, and revealed a significant main effect for condition, F (1, 23) = 0.5875, p < 0.05, and time, F (1, 23) = 5.029, p < 0.05. Another repeated measures ANOVA was performed for active ROM with the same factors, and revealed a significant time by condition interaction, F (1, 23) = 4.730, p < 0.05, and a significant main effect for time, F (1, 23) = 18.612, p < 0.001.
Post-hoc paired samples t-tests determined the difference between the pre-test and post-test measurements for each condition. Active ROM showed a significant difference pre-test to post-test for the vibration condition, t (23) = -5.41, p < 0.001. The vibration condition also resulted in significantly different pre-test vs. post-test measurements on passive ROM, t (23) = -2.55, p < 0.05. In both cases the average ROM was higher for the post-test. DISCUSSION: Three 30-second active knee extension hamstring stretches using a vibrating platform are sufficient to cause significant acute increases in hamstring ROM. These findings suggest this device may be useful when desiring increased hamstring ROM.
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McClellan, Emily C. "A comparison of myofascial release and static stretching on active range of motion and muscle activity." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Packett, Brent N. "Static stretching versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation post cervical spine adjustment for chronic posterior mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8318.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech. (Chiropractic)Purpose: The aim of this comparative study was to compare the effects of spinal adjustment with static passive stretch to the cervical spine, and spinal adjustment with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to the cervical spine in the treatment of chronic posterior neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. These effects were based on a questionnaire consisting of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire, and on cervical spine ROM readings taken using an analogous cervical spine ROM inclinometer. The questionnaire was completed and the ROM readings taken prior to treatment at the first, fourth and seventh consultation. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly diversified in number and gender between two groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group one received spinal adjustment/s to restricted cervical spine joints followed by static passive stretching. The second group received spinal adjustment/s to restricted cervical spine joints followed by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum three week period. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth consultations, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth session, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a cervical spine range of motion inclinometer in order to assess cervical spine range of motion. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Clinically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain, disability, and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes were noted in group 1 and group 2 with reference to pain, disability, and cervical spine range of motion over time except for cervical spine extension range of motion.