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Journal articles on the topic 'Static rigidity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Hou, Ya Li, and Wei Ping Mao. "Analysis of Static and Dynamic Stiffness for Coupled Double-Rotor Spindle System of High Speed Grinder." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.278.

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This study was focused on the theoretical modeling and numerical investigation about the dynamic and static stiffness of coupled double-rotor spindle system of high speed grinder. The moment balance and the transition matrix, the state vector, field matrix of spindle system of high speed grinder were analyzed and deduced. The theoretical models about dynamic and static stiffness were established using the transfer matrix method. The numerical results showed that increased rigidity of front bearing significantly increased static and dynamic rigidity of spindle end and the rigidity of front bearing increased, dynamic rigidity increased more significantly than static rigidity. Furthermore, it can be conclued that increased overhang length reduced dynamic and static rigidity of spindle end at an increasingly slower rate and the span of bearing increased, static and dynamic rigidities of spindle end were reduced

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2

Liu, Shi Hao, Wen Hua Ye, Wei Fang Chen, and Ting Zhang. "Simulation and Experiment Study for Spindle of Numerical Control Machine Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1289.

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Processing precision of numerical control machine tool is decided by static rigidity and dynamic rigidity of spindle to a great extent. 3- D model of numerical control machine tool was established by using parametric modeling and virtual assembly function of Solidworks. Simultaneously, simulation and Experiment study of the spindle static rigidity was carried out, and practicability of the simulation analysis method was proved. The result indicates that the biggest deformation appears in the front of spindle. The static rigidity of spindle can been enhanced greatly by enhancing three carriage-feed system’s static rigidity of machine tool. The simulation for the dynamic rigidity of spindle indicates that the dynamic rigidity of spindle is uniformly distributed and resonance can be avoided effectively by the spindle when working.

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3

Dyakonov, A. A., A. Kh Nurkenov, I. V. Shmidt, A. S. Degtyareva, A. S. Ovsienko, and A. D. Kazanskii. "Static rigidity of numerically controlled lathes." Russian Engineering Research 37, no. 7 (July 2017): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x17070103.

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4

Hu, Jin, and Gen Bao Zhang. "Experiments and Study of the Static Rigidity of Workpiece Spindle of Direct-Drive Gear Hobbing Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.355.

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Static rigidity of workpeice spindle component is a very important index of the rigidity of derict-drive gear hobbing spindle unit. In this study, the static rigidity of workpiece spindle system were analyzed through a finite element method (EFM) by building geometric models and studying the deformation when radial cutting force was imposed. Experiments on workpiece were carried out with and without the assistance of tailstock center separately to measure the changes of the static rigidity of spindle. The results prove a less change of the static rigidity of spindle when with the assistance of tailstock center, which helps to ensure the accuracy and surface roughness of a workpiece.

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5

Bao, Limin, Masayuki Takatera, and Akira Shinohara. "Dynamic and Static Flexural Rigidity of Fabric." Sen'i Gakkaishi 49, no. 12 (1993): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.49.12_642.

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6

Galloway, Gregory J., and Pengzi Miao. "Variational and rigidity properties of static potentials." Communications in Analysis and Geometry 25, no. 1 (2017): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cag.2017.v25.n1.a5.

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7

Connelly, Robert, and Walter Whiteley. "The Stability of Tensegrity Frameworks." International Journal of Space Structures 7, no. 2 (June 1992): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119200700208.

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For a tensegrity framework with bars, cables (unilateral tension members) and struts (unilateral compression members), this paper presents a sequence of four mathematical concepts for detecting its rigidity. In order from the strongest to the weakest, these concepts are called infinitesimal (or static) rigidity, prestress stability, second-order rigidity and rigidity. Emphasis is placed on pre-stress stability, which lies between infinitesimal rigidity and second-order rigidity.

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8

Yun, Gabjin, and Seungsu Hwang. "Rigidity of generalized Bach-flat vacuum static spaces." Journal of Geometry and Physics 121 (November 2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2017.07.016.

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9

Qing, Jie, and Wei Yuan. "On scalar curvature rigidity of vacuum static spaces." Mathematische Annalen 365, no. 3-4 (October 6, 2015): 1257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00208-015-1302-0.

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10

Wang, Kai, Chang-guang Zhou, and Yi Ou. "Investigation of the fluctuation of the static axial rigidity for double-nut preloaded ball screws." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401882218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018822181.

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This article aims to investigate the fluctuation of the static rigidity for preloaded ball screws. Based on the correlation between preload and friction torque, a new model to calculate the contact rigidity by friction torque is proposed. Meanwhile, a novel test bench is constructed to measure the static stiffness at different positions. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical values, which proves the validity of the model. Furthermore, it is found that the screw shaft rigidity has the greatest influence on the system stiffness fluctuation, compared to the bearing rigidity, and the torsional rigidity. For the feed system, increasing the bearing rigidity, which is the lowest stiffness of the whole system, is an effective method to increase the system stiffness. The study provides an accurate method to obtain the stiffness fluctuation in the effective travel of ball screws, which is significant for improving the positioning accuracy of ball screws and computer numerical control machine tools.

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11

Zhou, Hong Xia, and Bin Liu. "Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of Flying-Wing Vehicle Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.177.

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To study structural characteristics of flying-wing vehicle, static and dynamic model of half wing span, static and dynamic model of all wing span, optimization model were established. Based on associated static test and ground resonance test data, these models were modified to implement static, dynamic and optimization analysis. Results demonstrated that structural bending and torsional deformations are mainly at outer wing surface. Torsion at inner wing is positive, while torsion at outer wing is negative. Total spar axial force along the wing span increases gradually from inner wing to outer wing and then decreases gradually after reaching the inner-outer wing interface. After axial force is transmitted to the inner wing, it is going to concentrate at the rear spar obviously. Structural bending rigidity and torsional rigidity satisfy requirements of both static force and flutter, without flutter problem of main structural mode. Viewed from the optimization size, ±45° and 0° skin at inner-outer wing turn thickens significantly. This can increase structural bending and torsional rigidity, which is good for satisfying multiple constraints comprehensively.

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12

Ghiţescu, Marilena, Marius Ghiţescu, and Arina Modrea. "Some Aspects about Theoretical Static Rigidity and Experimental Static Rigidity of a New Elastic Coupling with Cylindical Bolts and Nonmetallic Elements." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2019-0011.

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Abstract The elastic couplings are frequently used in mechanical transmissions design, to take over the radial, axial and angular misalignments and also to take over the shocks and the overloads that could appear. In this paper is presenting some aspects about the construction of couplings with bolts using non-metallic elements, e.g. rubber, having different hardness, the elements involved in torque transmission, in this case elastic elements, having also different dimensions or forms, in the way to have a good elasticity and capacity of vibration absorbtion, determining theoretical static rigidity and experimental static rigidity of a new elastic coupling with cylindrical bolts and nonmetallic elements and compare of results for these values.

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13

Zhong, Zhen Yu. "Static Wind Load and Gravity Coupling Effect of Tall Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1556.

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The cantilever beam model of tall building structure which includes lateral wind load and vertical gravity coupling has been established in the paper. The form of finite difference has been concluded from equations of the model acted on static wind load. Amplified coefficients of bottom moment and top displacement are calculated and analyzed. The result shows that gravity second order effect of tall buildings will be enhanced when ratio of gravity rigidity or ratio of bending and shearing rigidity increase.

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14

Lin, Wei Shin, and Chiu Fan Hsieh. "The Static Rigidity Analysis of the Position Adjustable Computer Table." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.807.

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This study is pointed to a computer table with five degree of freedom. The table position could be adjusted freely. The height of the tabletop also could be moved freely. The finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to analysis the strength and rigidity of the computer table. From the analysis results, it can be found that the strength and rigidity were fit in with the specification requirement with a safety factor of 1.20. From the modal analysis results, it also found that the stability of the computer was confirmed to the users.

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15

Evans, EA, and N. Mohandas. "Membrane-associated sickle hemoglobin: a major determinant of sickle erythrocyte rigidity." Blood 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.5.1443.1443.

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Abstract Micropipette aspiration tests on single erythrocytes have previously shown that the static rigidity (membrane shear modulus) of oxygenated sickle cells increased with increasing hemoglobin concentration, whereas the rigidity of normal cells was independent of hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, it was observed that after mechanical extension, sickle cells exhibited persistent deformation more frequently and to a greater extent than normal cells. To ascertain if differences in association of normal and sickle hemoglobin with the membrane could account for these observations, we measured rheologic properties of normal membranes reconstituted with sickle hemoglobin and sickle membranes reconstituted with normal hemoglobin. The static rigidity of normal ghosts reloaded with sickle hemoglobin was higher than those of either normal ghosts reloaded with normal hemoglobin or native normal cells. On the other hand, the increased rigidity of native sickle cells decreased to near-normal values following reconstitution with normal hemoglobin. Furthermore, we observed that normal ghosts reconstituted with sickle hemoglobin exhibited persistent bumps after mechanical extension, but no bumps formed on normal ghosts reconstituted with normal hemoglobin. Moreover residual bumps were not produced on sickle cells reloaded with normal hemoglobin. Since mechanical characteristics peculiar to sickle cells could be induced in normal cells by incorporation of sickle hemoglobin, and since normal characteristics could be restored to sickle cells by incorporation of normal hemoglobin, we suggest that the interaction of sickle hemoglobin with the cell membrane is responsible for augmented static rigidity of oxygenated sickle erythrocytes.

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Evans, EA, and N. Mohandas. "Membrane-associated sickle hemoglobin: a major determinant of sickle erythrocyte rigidity." Blood 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.5.1443.bloodjournal7051443.

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Micropipette aspiration tests on single erythrocytes have previously shown that the static rigidity (membrane shear modulus) of oxygenated sickle cells increased with increasing hemoglobin concentration, whereas the rigidity of normal cells was independent of hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, it was observed that after mechanical extension, sickle cells exhibited persistent deformation more frequently and to a greater extent than normal cells. To ascertain if differences in association of normal and sickle hemoglobin with the membrane could account for these observations, we measured rheologic properties of normal membranes reconstituted with sickle hemoglobin and sickle membranes reconstituted with normal hemoglobin. The static rigidity of normal ghosts reloaded with sickle hemoglobin was higher than those of either normal ghosts reloaded with normal hemoglobin or native normal cells. On the other hand, the increased rigidity of native sickle cells decreased to near-normal values following reconstitution with normal hemoglobin. Furthermore, we observed that normal ghosts reconstituted with sickle hemoglobin exhibited persistent bumps after mechanical extension, but no bumps formed on normal ghosts reconstituted with normal hemoglobin. Moreover residual bumps were not produced on sickle cells reloaded with normal hemoglobin. Since mechanical characteristics peculiar to sickle cells could be induced in normal cells by incorporation of sickle hemoglobin, and since normal characteristics could be restored to sickle cells by incorporation of normal hemoglobin, we suggest that the interaction of sickle hemoglobin with the cell membrane is responsible for augmented static rigidity of oxygenated sickle erythrocytes.

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17

Gavrilov, M. A., A. A. Martynov, and A. V. Filatov. "Strength and Rigidity of Modified Epoxy Composites Under Static Loading." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1079, no. 6 (March 1, 2021): 062016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1079/6/062016.

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18

Yang, Ying, Yu Sheng Li, and Fan Liang Meng. "Numerical Design and Analysis of a Certain White Bodywork." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.110.

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Develops a finite element model to analyze the dynamic/static sensitivities of a certain white bodywork, i.e., the sensitivities of its bodywork’s natural frequency, torsional stiffness and flexural rigidity and mass to the thickness of sheet to make the bodywork, thus finding out the main parts affecting greatly the dynamic and static characteristics of bodywork to optimize its structure design. According to the sizes of contribution the body mass will make to the natural frequency and torsional stiffness and flexural rigidity, an optimal conceptual design is given. This method provides an important reference for improving the dynamic performance of bodywork, lightening its weight and optimizing its design.

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19

Enosh, Guy, Zvi Eisikovits, and Chen Gross. "Between Rigidity and Chaos." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 5 (March 10, 2013): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988313480807.

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The goal of this article was to examine the worldviews of cohabiting or married men and women who experienced domestic violence in their relationships. The study was based on content analysis of in-depth interviews with 48 men and women (24 couples), who were living together after experiencing at least one violent event in their relationships over the previous 12 months. Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors examined the deep structure of the ways by which partners living with intimate partner violence constructed their world. The men and women under study constructed heuristic models in two major life domains—psychological processes and how the world works overall. The analysis has revealed two axes resulting in four worldviews. The two axes were the construction of the world and the construction of the mind. Constructions of the mind ranged from chaotic to deterministic. Constructions of external reality ranged from static to fluid and uncontrollable. The theoretical model developed suggested four different types of basic worldviews. The suggested typology was examined in relation to existing typologies in the field of intimate partner violence and in relation to future research and interventions.

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20

Cheng, Peng, Carla Davila, and Gene Hou. "Static, Vibration Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis of Stepped Beams Using Singularity Functions." Journal of Structures 2014 (January 20, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/234085.

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A systematic approach is presented in this paper to derive the analytical deflection function of a stepped beam using singularity functions. The discontinuities considered in this development are associated with the jumps in the flexural rigidity and the applied loads. This approach is applied to static and vibration analyses of stepped beams. The same approach is later extended to perform sensitivity analysis of stepped beams. This is done by directly differentiating the analytical deflection function with respect to any beam-related design variable. The particular design variable considered here is the location of discontinuity in flexural rigidity. Example problems are presented in this paper to demonstrate and verify the derivation process.

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21

Gao, Chang Yin, and Wan Quan Li. "Design of the Novel Calibration Platform for Piezoelectric Dynamometers." Advanced Materials Research 580 (October 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.3.

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In order to accomplish the static calibration of piezoelectric dynamometer, the principle and structure of a multifunctional high-precision, high rigidity static calibration platform is manufactured in this paper. The screw loading mechanisms are used to achieve vertical force and horizontal forces, and its value can directly obtained by the standard measuring ring. The torque load adopts “force × lever arm" law, that is, the two horizontal loading mechanisms are relatively shifted to form force arm, and at the same time two parallel forces that have the same magnitude and opposite directions are generated. After accuracy and rigidity experiments, the static calibration platform has reached the calibration standard stipulated by CIRP-STCC. Undoubtedly, the calibration platform can use to calibrate unidirectional force, two component force sensor, three-component piezoelectric dynamometer and the drilling dynamometer, such as sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, hysteresis and crosstalk.

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22

Song, Xi, Yin Guang Wu, Jie Yu Li, and Rong Zhen Zhao. "Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Wind Turbine Towers under Foundation Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.721.

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Based on a kind of 1.5MW large-scale horizontal axis wind turbine tower, the mechanical modeling of a wind turbine tower-foundation is established, the static and dynamic analysis of the model is carried out by ANSYS software. The top displacement of the system is calculated by the static analysis to meet the design requirements in engineering. In dynamic analysis, each pile foundation is equivalent to a group of springs for the simulation of horizontal and vertical rigidity of the pile. The influence of top mass and foundation elasticity on wind turbine tower modes is analyzed, and calculated the natural frequency of the tower within a certain scope of rigidity in different directions about the piles foundation. The results show that the natural frequency of the wind turbine tower is influenced significantly by the mass on the tower top and foundation rigidity. The study provides a theoretical basis for optimal design of the wind turbine.

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23

Xu, Xiang, Wei Wang, and Ping Ping Fan. "Finite Element Analysis of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Powered Street Light." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.201.

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A finite elementmodel of a 9-meter-high wind-solar hybrid powered street light was established;statics analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were performedusing ANSYS. Static analysis determined the maximum deformation and stress of astreet light under complex load, and checked its intensity and rigidity. Modalanalysis and harmonic response analysis obtained a vibration mode of a streetlight and its natural frequency of every order. The results of analysesprovided references for the optimization of street light structure.

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24

Li, Da Ying, and Gui Yun Jiang. "Study on the Oil Film Static Performance of Sliding Bearings with Different Throttling Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.519.

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The restrictors of fluid lubricated sliding bearings play vital role in oil film rigidity and carrying capacity of bearings. The mathematical models for solution of the oil film static performance of the bearings with four different restrictors were presented and the numerical solution methods were analyzed. The solutions for oil film static characteristics in many aspects such as discretization of Reynolds equation, building clearance function, determinating boundary conditions, constructing continuity equation, deducing the models of oil inlet flow, solving the carrying capacity were conducted. The computational results show that the bearings with capillary or orifice restrictor have lower carrying capacity and oil film rigidity than those with sliding valve feedback or film feedback restrictors.

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25

Halim, A. O. Abd El, D. T. Lau, A. G. Razaqpur, and J. A. Winterink. "Utilization of the relative rigidity concept to predict the failure of pipe systems under explosive loads." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-011.

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The interaction between loading plates and supporting structures is very much dependent upon the relative rigidity of the system. This paper first illustrates how an indiscriminate application of the relative rigidity concept can lead to erroneous conclusions in such systems. The paper then applies the concept to explain reported observed failure modes in pipe systems under explosive loads. Numerical studies are presented which simulate the behaviour of square pipe systems under static and explosive loads using the concept of relative rigidity in conjunction with the finite element method. The results of the analysis confirm the hypothesis of the relative rigidity concept. Experimental verification of the theoretical predictions and numerical modelling results are obtained by simulating the explosive failure patterns in simple freezing experiments. The analysis presented in this paper demonstrates the importance of the concept of relative rigidity for explaining certain kinds of observed failure and fracture phenomena. Key words: cracks, explosives, geometric distortion, load transmitting plate, pipes, relative rigidity, soil – foundation interaction, stress waves.

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26

Jiang, Gui Yun, Yong Qin Wang, and Xin Chun Yan. "Study on Throttle Methods for Hydrostatic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2119.

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In hydrostatic bearing, the applied load is carried through the compensatory effect of restrictors. Different throttle methods will bring different oil film rigidity and carrying capacity. There are mainly four types restrictors such as capillary,orifice,slide valve and film feedback restrictors. The mathematical models of carrying capacity and oil film rigidity of the hydrostatic bearings throttled by the restrictors mentioned above were presented. The oil film rigidity of hydrostatic bearings throttled by different restrictors were analyzed. Reynolds equation was provided and the numerical solution model was constructed. The pressure fields show the static performances of hydrostatic bearing with different restrictors.

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27

Fu, Yao, Vera Bocharova, Mengze Ma, Alexei P. Sokolov, Bobby G. Sumpter, and Rajeev Kumar. "Effects of counterion size and backbone rigidity on the dynamics of ionic polymer melts and glasses." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, no. 40 (2017): 27442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04249c.

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Backbone rigidity, counterion size and the static dielectric constant affect the glass transition temperature, segmental relaxation time and decoupling between counterion and segmental dynamics in significant manners.

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28

Chitariu, Dragoş-Florin. "Experimental research regarding static rigidity in transversal direction of “normal“ module." MATEC Web of Conferences 112 (2017): 07024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711207024.

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29

Braaten, Eric, and Cosmas K. Zachos. "Instability of the static solution to the closed string with rigidity." Physical Review D 35, no. 4 (February 15, 1987): 1512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.35.1512.

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Bolmatov, D., V. V. Brazhkin, and K. Trachenko. "Helium at elevated pressures: Quantum liquid with non-static shear rigidity." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 10 (March 14, 2013): 103514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795340.

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31

Arata, Koichi, and Michito Nakanishi. "Validity of the Cutting and Holding Tool Selection by Static Rigidity." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2004.5 (2004): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2004.5.249.

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32

Latifi, Ahmet, Arsim Abazi, and Astrit Shartari. "The amortization of vibrations on machines - case study." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, no. 3 (June 9, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i3.7657.

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When determining the static rigidity of the machine, only loads of constant forces are taken into account. However, machine details are not loaded only with static forces but also with external and internal dynamic forces. Components of static forces affect the form errors, while dynamic instability, and as a result of dynamic forces have negative impact on: the severity of processed surface, the wear of the metal cut-ting tool, wear of the machine details and productivity.

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Zhang, Xie Dong, Jin Zhi Wang, and Jun Feng Guo. "Inspection and Evaluation of Load-Bearing Capacity of Single Tower Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1785.

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In order to evaluate single tower composite girder Cable Bridge actual bearing capacity and working property on design using load, a single-tower composite girder cable-stayed bridge is taken as an example, by means of static load test, dynamic load test, reasonably measures evaluates the single tower composite girder cable-stayed bridge's bearing capacity. The static load test measure static properties of bridge structure (static strain, static deflection, etc.), dynamic load test, measure the dynamic properties of bridge structure (vibration frequency, damping, forced vibration amplitude, impact coefficient, etc.). Results show that the rigidity strength integrity and dynamic characteristics of bridge structure are favorable; the structure’s bearing capacity is favorable.

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Ganis, Giorgio, Clara Casco, and Sergio Roncato. "Perceived Rigidity and Nonrigidity in the Kinetic Depth Effect." Perception 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220023.

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Stroboscopic simulations of three-dimensional rotating rigid structures can be perceived as highly nonrigid. To investigate this nonrigidity effect a sequence of either three (experiment 2 and 3) or thirty six frames (experiment 4) was used, each consisting of a set of dots with location on the horizontal axis corresponding to the parallel projection of a nominally defined helix. Observers were asked to judge the angle of rotation of eighty helices defined by the factorial combination of eight phase (φ) values (ie difference between the sinusoidal path of one dot and its neighbours) and ten different angular displacement values (α). When in each static frame the dots can be organized into curved dotted line (small values of φ), the perceived 3-D helices are highly nonrigid. But when shape information is not available in each static frame (high values of φ), the helices are perceived as rigid and rotation judgement is possible providing that α < 15°. It appears that at small values of φ observers fail to recover the rigid structure of the helices since the input to the structure from the motion process may be distorted.

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Wei, Guangtao, Lijia Feng, and Linzhi Wu. "Static mechanical response of sandwich panels with bilinear core." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 7 (September 19, 2018): 2421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218800360.

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A new theoretical model based on the extended high order sandwich panel theory is established to predict the mechanical response of sandwich panels under static loads with the bilinear constitutive stress–strain relation in the core. The constitutive relations of normal stresses related to the longitudinal and vertical normal strains in the bilinear isotropic hardening core are first formulated. The influence of the in-plane rigidity on the elastoplastic response of sandwich structures is analyzed. An in-plane loaded sandwich structure with the bilinear core is first studied based on extended high order sandwich panel theory, and the effect of the bilinear ratio on the mechanical response is evaluated. The governing equations are derived from the principle of minimum potential energy, and a Ritz-based half-analytical method is applied to get the solutions. The plastic response is acquired by an iterative procedure along with the convergence criteria. The results reveal that the local effect can be captured when the axial rigidity of the core is considered. The bilinear characteristic of the core decreases the maximum normal stress with an increase of the average value. The equivalent plastic region extends with the increase of the bilinear ratio when the sandwich structure is loaded in plane. By comparison with open literatures and finite element results, the present theoretical model is proved to be effective and efficient.

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Zheng, Jian Xin. "Research on Mechanism of Ultrasonic Assisted Creep Feed Grinding Ceramic Blade Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.166.

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Technology of NC-contour evolution ultrasonic assisted creep feed grinding (NC-CEUACFG) blade surface was put forward to solve the difficult problem of machining ceramic blade surface. The static load on the grinding wheel and the influence of the rigidity of the grinding wheel on the surface precision were studied combined with the movement analysis between the blade and grinding wheel in the process of NC-CEUACFG ceramic blade surface, and the physical model of static load may explain the decrease of grinding force and increase of the relative rigidity of the grinding wheel in NC-CEUACFG in theory. The primary experiment of NC-CEUACFG blade surface was carried out according to the experimental results of previous optimized process parameters, and the integral impeller was machined directly in the blank material of Al2O3 ceramic, which indicated the application prospect of such technology.

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LIMA, Eudes L. de, Henrique F. de LIMA, Eraldo A. LIMA Jr., and Adriano A. MEDEIROS. "Constant mean curvature spacelike hypersurfaces in standard static spaces: rigidity and parabolicity." Hokkaido Mathematical Journal 49, no. 2 (June 2020): 297–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.14492/hokmj/1602036027.

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Grigorjeva, Tatjana, and Ainars Paeglitis. "THE APPLICATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR STATIC BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRICAL ONE-PYLON SUSPENSION BRIDGE BUILT-IN BENDING CABLES OF DIFFERENT RIGIDITY." Engineering Structures and Technologies 10, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2018.6481.

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The article presents the results of the numerical analysis of the asymmetrical one-pylon suspension bridge built-in rigid cables. The models for the suspension bridge with the cables of different rigidity are analyzed by comparing vertical displacements, bending moments and strains in the structural members of the bridge. The numerical analysis was performed by examining the bridge under symmetrical and asymmetrical loading and different erection methods. The stress-strain state of a single asymmetrical pylon with the cables of different rigidity and the rational relationship between cable rigidity and girder stiffness has been established.

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Медведев, Дмитрий, Dmitriy Medvedev, Виктор Хандожко, and Viktor Khandozhko. "Automated technological providing of contact rigidity of polished surfaces of machine parts and their joints." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22867.

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Development and experimental check of the algorithm and the program for automated technological providing of normal static contact rigidity of polished surfaces of machine parts and their joints at a stage of design-technology preparation of manufacture was considered.

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40

Yang, Yong, Kang An, Su Sheng Zeng, and Jian Yang Xue. "Study on Static Design Methods of Plain Steel Plate-Light Weight Concrete Hollow Composite Decks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.610.

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Based on the experiment results of five plain steel plate-light weight concrete hollow deck specimens, the design methods of the composite decks which mainly including the calculation method of the bearing capacity and calculation method of the flexural rigidity were introduced. In the paper, the bearing capacity and flexural rigidity of the composite at two orthogonal directions, which including the direction parallel to the pipes and the direction perpendicular to the pipes, were both introduced. The calculation results of the bearing capacity and middle-span deflection were in good agreement with those of the experimental results, and in the return calculation methods were verified. Therefore, the design methods and calculation methods were useful to the design of this new type composite deck.

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41

Zhou, Yongjun, Yu Zhao, Hengying Yao, and Yuan Jing. "Full-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Static and Dynamic Stiffness of Prestressed Concrete Girders." Shock and Vibration 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7646094.

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Cracking damage influences the stiffness of the girders. Many articles in the literatures have studied the development of stiffness of the scale-down model; however, full-scale model testing cannot be completely replaced by scale-down testing because of material component characteristics and boundary effects. This paper deals with the effects of cracking damage on the structural static and dynamic stiffness based on three prestressed concrete (PC) girders which were removed from an old bridge. First, the equivalent flexural rigidity of cracked prestressed concrete girder was assessed using the measured load-deflection response under cycles of loading and unloading. Then, after unloading, the frequencies were measured on the PC girders supported by the elastomeric bearings. Next, the development of frequency under different damage was studied, and finally, the dynamic stiffness of PC girders with cracks was assessed. The results indicate that the first frequency is more sensitive to the cracking of concrete compared with the second frequency and that the mode shapes are not sensitive to girder damage. The test girders cannot be simplified as an ideal simply supported beam for the purpose of identifying frequencies. In addition, the “final” (the end of the ultimate load case) equivalent flexural rigidity of the girders is 30% of the “initial” (the beginning of the first load case) equivalent flexural rigidity, compared with 50% in the scale-down test; and the final dynamic stiffness is approximately 84% of the initial dynamic stiffness, whereas the scale-down test is 72%.

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Abdul Wahab, Nur Suhaili, Mohd Firdaus Omar, Hazizan Md Akil, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, and N. Z. Noimam. "Effect of Surface Modification on Rice Husk (RH)/Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Composites under Various Loading Rates." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.3.

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The surface modification of RH filler was carried out using silane coupling agents in order to improve the adhesion between LLDPE and RH. RH was treated using silane coupling agent at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7 %) at room temperature. In this study, both untreated and treated RH/LLDPE composites were tested under static (0.001 s-1, 0.01 s-1 and 0.1 s-1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s-1, 900 s-1 and 1100 s-1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus, respectively. Results show that the 5% treated LLDPE/RH composite shows the higher ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and rigidity as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites under various loading rates. Overall, it is proved that the surface treatment of RH gives significant contribution towards the UCS and rigidity of LLDPE/RH composites under both static and dynamic loading rates.

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Bhattacharya, Soumya, H. Hatwal, and A. Ghosh. "On the optimum design of Stewart platform type parallel manipulators." Robotica 13, no. 2 (March 1995): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470001763x.

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SummaryThis paper studies the static rigidity behaviour of a parallel manipulator with legs modelled as elastic members under axial loading. Structurally, a parallel module is more rigid compared to a serial module and is expected to take heavier payloads. Therefore, a guidance for design of such parallel manipulators is needed which leads to maximum rigidity over the workspace. In the present work, the authors propose the concept of the flexibility ellipsoid for a parallel system. Various scalar measures of rigidity are formulated on the basis of the proposed ellipsoid. An algorithm, involving multiple objective nonlinear programming technique, is implemented to decide upon some important design parameters of a generalised six degrees of freedom Stewart platform type parallel manipulator. It is observed that irrespective of the other parameters, parallel manipulators with the legs pairwise joined at the top platform possess the highest rigidity. Moreover, there exists certain kinematic dimensions for which the designed parallel system is completely free from all sorts of singularity.

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Wang, Kun-Chieh. "Optimal high-rigidity structure design for CNC machine tools using CAE technique." Engineering Computations 31, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2012-0296.

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Purpose – For machine tools, the machining performance is mainly determined by the rigidity of the machine structure. How to design a machine tool with high rigidity is always a challenge issue. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) technique is used to analyze the structure rigidity of a Computer-Numerical Control (CNC) turn-mill machining center. The considered structure parameters include static rigidity and vibration mode. Through the integral analyses of these two structure parameters in conjunction with the practical design experiences, an optimal structure is obtained. Findings – Comparisons between the original prototype and the suggested new design structure via CAE technique under the guide of these two stiffness parameters show a great improvement on the maximal deformation of the machine structure under the action of cutting forces. Originality/value – Through the proposed integrative examination of two structural parameters and the CAE technique, together with design experiences, an optimal CNC machine structure can be obtained.

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Wang, Yan Qing, Gao Yan Zhong, Yong Biao Chang, and Guo Xin Liu. "Statics Analysis on Beam Structures of Large Five-Axis Machining Center Based on ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.927.

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The stroke and the material characteristics of the large five-axis machining center were expounded; a structure similar to the truss of the reinforced beam plates was designed according to the design requirements of the beam structure, this structure could make the frame gain high rigidity in small size, the frame made by the rods could be constituted with high rigidity, the overall rigidity of the machining center could be improved 23% - 25%; three different beam structures were designed, and the finite element analysis software ANSYS was carried out to analyze their static characteristics, the maximum deformations in three directions X, Y, Z were obtained; compared with other structures through the comparisons on mass, stiffness and performance, the optimal structure was obtained, its mass was 1818Kg, and its maximum deformations in X, Y, Z directions were 0.45mm, 0.07mm and 0.13mm, respectively.

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Lei, Guang Yu, Chang Hong Wu, and Shi Ming Li. "Testing Research for Deformation and Rigidity of Lightweight Aggregate Reinforced Concrete Beams under Fatigue Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3123.

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Through the experiment of eight lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete beams under static loading and fatigue loading with constant amplitudes, the deformation rule under fatigue loading was analysed, the rigidity calculation means and formulations of lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete beam under fatigue loading were also discussed.

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Kumpyak, Oleg, and Nikita Mescheulov. "Computer simulation of yielding supports under static and short-term dynamic load." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814301014.

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Dynamic impacts that became frequent lately cause large human and economic losses, and their prevention methods are not always effective and reasonable. The given research aims at studying the way of enhancing explosion safety of building structures by means of yielding supports. The paper presents results of numerical studies of strength and deformation property of yielding supports in the shape of annular tubes under static and short-term dynamic loading. The degree of influence of yielding supports was assessed taking into account three peculiar stages of deformation: elastic; elasto-plastic; and elasto-plastic with hardening. The methodology for numerical studies performance was described using finite element analysis with program software Ansys Mechanical v17.2. It was established that rigidity of yielding supports influences significantly their stress-strain state. The research determined that with the increase in deformable elements rigidity dependence between load and deformation of the support in elastic and plastic stages have linear character. Significant reduction of the dynamic response and increase in deformation time of yielding supports were observed due to increasing the plastic component. Therefore, it allows assuming on possibility of their application as supporting units in RC beams.

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48

Derbaba, V., V. Nosachov, and Z. Rizo. "Research and improvement of methods of testing machines for geometric and kinematic accuracy." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 64 (2021): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/64.198.

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Purpose. To analyze and check for adequacy the known calculation formulas in determining the geometric and kinematic accuracy, statistical and dynamic rigidity and testing the machine for technological reliability. To carry out comparative calculations to simplify the methodology of complex tests of metal-cutting machines of the universal group. To select and improve the measuring equipment during the complex tests of the milling machine. Methodology. The research is based on the use of analytical methods for calculating the static rigidity coefficient, additional calculation of the measuring instrument design due to the gear ratio, the angle of rotation of the lever and the theoretical error of the displacement mechanism based on the known probability distribution theorem. Findings. The formulas of researches of the coefficient of static rigidity, the mechanism of the measuring device, the angle of rotation of the lever, the theoretical error of the mechanism of movement and the density of probability of distribution of the angle of the lever mechanism of the indicator of tangent type has been obtained. Originality. The research has been carried out and the parametric relationship between the static rigidity coefficient in the design of the spindle assembly of the vertical milling machine with the error of the calculations of the design, the departure of the spindle cone and the location between the supports has been established. The values and functional dependences of the amplitude of oscillations on the maximum allowable spindle speeds and feed rates at which the surface roughness of the workpiece reaches the specified geometric limits has been obtained. It is experimentally confirmed that the parameters of the system of pre-planned repairs are directly related to the reliability of the machine. The resource on the accuracy of the machine determines the need for overhaul, and the repair period depends on the service life of parts and elements of the machine. The actual service life should be a multiple of the repair period, as the restoration of the part is planned during the current repair. Practical value. The practical achievement of the obtained results is to confirm the adequacy of the known calculation formulas in determining the geometric and kinematic accuracy, statistical and dynamic rigidity and testing the machine for technological reliability. On the basis of the received analytical and settlement data was made the simplified complex technique of test of the metal-cutting machine during the: testing the machine at idle; testing of the machine when working under load; testing of the machine for geometric and kinematic accuracy; determination of statistical and dynamic rigidity; research of vibration-resistant vertical milling machine; testing of the machine for technological reliability.

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Liu, Wen Yang, and Wen Fu Zhang. "Split Rigidity Method for Analysis of Double-Layer Space Grids Structure with Rectangular Shape." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.480.

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In this paper double-layer space grids structure with rectangular shape is assumed as equivalent sandwich plate, and has been analyzed by the non-traditional theory of plate with three generalized displacements, in which shearing deformation is considered. Based upon the split rigidity method, static analysis and natural vibration analysis of double-layer space grids structure has been studied. The formulas for calculating internal forces, displacement as well as fundamental frequency are given out. The comparison with finite element method and equivalent sandwich plate method shows that split rigidity method is not only simpler than other simplified methods but also of high accuracy.

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Liu, Wen Yang, and Wen Fu Zhang. "Split Rigidity Method for Analysis of Two-Way Orthogonal-Diagonal Double-Layer Space Grids Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.306.

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In this paper two-way orthogonal-diagonal double-layer space grids structure is assumed as equivalent sandwich plate, and has been analyzed by the non-traditional theory of plate with three generalized displacements, in which shearing deformation is considered. Based upon the split rigidity method, static analysis and natural vibration analysis of two-way orthogonal-diagonal double-layer space grids structure has been studied and the simplified formulas are given out. The comparison with the results of equivalent sandwich plate method shows that as a more simplified method, split rigidity method is as accurate as equivalent sandwich plate method.

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