Academic literature on the topic 'Static connectivity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Static connectivity"
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de Lacy, Nina, and Vince D. Calhoun. "Dynamic connectivity and the effects of maturation in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Network Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (January 2019): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00063.
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The analysis of time-varying connectivity by using functional MRI has gained momentum given its ability to complement traditional static methods by capturing additional patterns of variation in human brain function. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex, common developmental neuropsychiatric disorder associated with heterogeneous connectivity differences that are challenging to disambiguate. However, dynamic connectivity has not been examined in ADHD, and surprisingly few whole-brain analyses of static functional network connectivity (FNC) using independent component analysis (ICA) exist. We present the first analyses of time-varying connectivity and whole-brain FNC using ICA in ADHD, introducing a novel framework for comparing local and global dynamic connectivity in a 44-network model. We demonstrate that dynamic connectivity analysis captures robust motifs associated with group effects consequent on the diagnosis of ADHD, implicating increased global dynamic range, but reduced fluidity and range localized to the default mode network system. These differentiate ADHD from other major neuropsychiatric disorders of development. In contrast, static FNC based on a whole-brain ICA decomposition revealed solely age effects, without evidence of group differences. Our analysis advances current methods in time-varying connectivity analysis, providing a structured example of integrating static and dynamic connectivity analysis to further investigation into functional brain differences during development.
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Dumkrieger, Gina, Catherine D. Chong, Katherine Ross, Visar Berisha, and Todd J. Schwedt. "Static and dynamic functional connectivity differences between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache: A resting-state magnetic resonance imaging study." Cephalalgia 39, no. 11 (May 1, 2019): 1366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419847728.
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Introduction Although migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache often share phenotypic characteristics, few studies have interrogated the pathophysiological differences underlying these headache types. While there is now some indication of differences in brain structure between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache, differences in brain function have not been adequately investigated. The objective of this study was to compare static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns in migraine versus persistent post-traumatic headache using resting-state magnetic resonance imaging. Methods This case-control study interrogated the static functional connectivity and dynamic functional connectivity patterns of 59 a priori selected regions of interest involved in pain processing. Pairwise connectivity (region of interest to region of interest) differences between migraine (n = 33) and persistent post-traumatic headache (n = 44) were determined and compared to healthy controls (n = 36) with ANOVA and subsequent t-tests. Pearson partial correlations were used to explore the relationship between headache burden (headache frequency; years lived with headache) and functional connectivity and between pain intensity at the time of imaging and functional connectivity for migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache groups, separately. Results Significant differences in static functional connectivity between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache were found for 17 region pairs that included the following regions of interest: Primary somatosensory, secondary somatosensory, posterior insula, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate, middle cingulate, temporal pole, supramarginal gyrus, superior parietal, middle occipital, lingual gyrus, pulvinar, precuneus, cuneus, somatomotor, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Significant differences in dynamic functional connectivity between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache were found for 10 region pairs that included the following regions of interest: Secondary somatosensory, hypothalamus, middle cingulate, temporal pole, supramarginal gyrus, superior parietal, lingual gyrus, somatomotor, precentral, posterior cingulate, middle frontal, fusiform gyrus, parieto-occiptal, and amygdala. Although there was overlap among the regions demonstrating static functional connectivity differences and those showing dynamic functional connectivity differences between persistent post-traumatic headache and migraine, there was no overlap in the region pair functional connections. After controlling for sex and age, there were significant correlations between years lived with headache with static functional connectivity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the migraine group and with static functional connectivity of right primary somatosensory with left supramarginal gyrus in the persistent post-traumatic headache group. There were significant correlations between headache frequency with static functional connectivity of left secondary somatosensory with right cuneus in the migraine group and with static functional connectivity of left middle cingulate with right pulvinar and right posterior insula with left hypothalamus in the persistent post-traumatic headache group. Dynamic functional connectivity was significantly correlated with headache frequency, after controlling for sex and age, in the persistent post-traumatic headache group for one region pair (right middle cingulate with right supramarginal gyrus). Dynamic functional connectivity was correlated with pain intensity at the time of imaging for the migraine cohort for one region pair (right posterior cingulate with right amygdala). Conclusions Resting-state functional imaging revealed static functional connectivity and dynamic functional connectivity differences between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache for regions involved in pain processing. These differences in functional connectivity might be indicative of distinctive pathophysiology associated with migraine versus persistent post-traumatic headache.
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Scott, J. A., M. Pujol, D. Györe, F. M. Stuart, and S. M. V. Gilfillan. "Determining static reservoir connectivity using noble gases." Chemical Geology 582 (November 2021): 120410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120410.
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Jin, Changfeng, Hao Jia, Pradyumna Lanka, D. Rangaprakash, Lingjiang Li, Tianming Liu, Xiaoping Hu, and Gopikrishna Deshpande. "Dynamic brain connectivity is a better predictor of PTSD than static connectivity." Human Brain Mapping 38, no. 9 (June 12, 2017): 4479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23676.
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Riazi, Amir Hosein, Hossein Rabbani, and Rahele Kafieh. "Dynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting-State FMRI Using Spectral ICA and Graph Approach: Application to Healthy Controls and Multiple Sclerosis." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092263.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease that involves structural and functional damage to the brain. It changes the functional connectivity of the brain between and within networks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables us to measure functional correlation and independence between different brain regions. In recent years, statistical methods, including independent component analysis (ICA) and graph-based analysis, have been widely used in fMRI studies. Furthermore, topological properties of the brain have been appeared as significant features of neuroscience studies. Most studies are focused on graph analysis and ICA methods, rather than considering spectral approaches. Here, we developed a new framework to measure brain connectivity (in static and dynamic formats) and incorporate it to study fMRI data from MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). For this purpose, a spectral ICA method is proposed to extract the nodes of the brain graph. Spectral ICA extracts more reliable components and decreases the processing time in calculation of the static brain connectivity. Compared to Infomax ICA, dynamic range and low-frequency to high-frequency power ratio (fALFF) show better results using the proposed ICA. It is also helpful in selection of the states for dynamic connectivity. Furthermore, the dynamic connectivity-based extracted components from spectral ICA are estimated using a mutual information method and based on correlation of sliding time-windowed on selected IC time courses. First-level and second-level connectivity states are calculated using correlations of connectivity strength between graph nodes (spectral ICA components). Finally, static and dynamic connectivity are analyzed based on correlation nodes percolated by an anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) atlas. Despite static and dynamic connectivity results of AAL correlations not showing any significant changes between MS and HC, our results based on spectral ICA in static and dynamic connectivity showed significantly decreased connectivity in MS patients in the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas it was significantly weaker in the core but stronger at the periphery of the posterior cingulate cortex.
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IMAI, NOBORU. "Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Migraineurs." OBM Neurobiology 06, no. 04 (October 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to detect changes in the resting-state brain networks of migraine patients. Functional connectivity fMRI analysis examines the functional organization of the brain based on temporal correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in different brain regions. Most previous resting-state fMRI studies have assumed that functional connectivity between brain regions remains relatively stable over time. However, it is now known that the brain is a complex system that undergoes time-dependent dynamics. Therefore, functional connectivity may change over time. In recent years, resting-state fMRI analysis has evolved from the detection of static coupling to the study of dynamic connectivity. However, studies of dynamic functional connectivity in migraine patients are limited. Related studies have shown that dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals significant changes in connectivity and abnormal networks not found in static functional connectivity analysis.
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White, Tonya, and Vince D. Calhoun. "Dissecting Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity: Example From the Autism Spectrum." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 13 (January 2019): 117906951985180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519851809.
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The ability to measure the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain has grown exponentially over the last 2 decades. Measures of intrinsic connectivity within the brain, typically measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have evolved from primarily “static” approaches, to include dynamic measures of functional connectivity. Measures of dynamic functional connectivity expand the assumptions to allow brain regions to have temporally different patterns of communication between different regions. That is, connections within the brain can differentially fire between different regions at different times, and these differences can be quantified. Applying approaches that measure the dynamic characteristics of functional brain connectivity have been fruitful in identifying differences during brain development and psychopathology. We provide a brief overview of static and dynamic measures of functional connectivity and illustrate the synergy in applying these approaches to identify both age-related differences in children and differences between typically developing children and children with autistic symptoms.
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Hsieh, Hsinyu, Qiang Xu, Fang Yang, Qirui Zhang, Jingru Hao, Gaoping Liu, Ruoting Liu, et al. "Distinct Functional Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cerebellar Networks in Genetic Generalized and Focal Epilepsies with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061612.
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This study aimed to delineate cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar network profiles based on static and dynamic connectivity analysis in genetic generalized and focal epilepsies with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and to evaluate its potential for distinguishing these two epilepsy syndromes. A total of 342 individuals participated in the study (114 patients with genetic generalized epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GE-GTCS), and 114 age- and sex-matched patients with focal epilepsy with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (FE-FBTS), 114 healthy controls). Resting-state fMRI data were examined through static and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analyses, constructing cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar networks. Network patterns were compared between groups, and were correlated to epilepsy duration. A pattern-learning algorithm was applied to network features for classifying both epilepsy syndromes. FE-FBTS and GE-GTCS both presented with altered functional connectivity in subregions of the motor/premotor and somatosensory networks. Among these two groups, the connectivity within the cerebellum increased in the static, while the dFC variability decreased; conversely, the connectivity of the thalamus decreased in FE-FBTS and increased in GE-GTCS in the static state. Connectivity differences between patient groups were mainly located in the thalamus and cerebellum, and correlated with epilepsy duration. Support vector machine (SVM) classification had accuracies of 66.67%, 68.42%, and 77.19% when using static, dynamic, and combined approaches to categorize GE-GTCS and FE-GTCS. Network features with high discriminative ability predominated in the thalamic and cerebellar connectivities. The network embedding of the thalamus and cerebellum likely plays an important differential role in GE-GTCS and FE-FBTS, and could serve as an imaging biomarker for differential diagnosis.
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Zhang, Dongmei, Wenbin Jiang, Zhijiang Kang, Anzhong Hu, and Ruiqi Wang. "Automatic Evaluation of an Interwell-Connected Pattern for Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs Based on Static and Dynamic Analysis." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010569.
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The types of fractured-vuggy reservoirs are diverse, with dissolution holes and fractures of different scales as the main reservoir spaces. Clarifying the connectivity between wells is crucial for improving the recovery rate of fractured-vuggy reservoirs and avoiding problems of poor water- flooding balance and serious water channeling. A traditional dynamic connected model hardly describes the geological characteristics of multiple media, such as karst caves and fractures, which cause multiple solutions from the calculation. The static analysis is the basis for connectivity evaluation. In this study, we designed an intelligent search strategy based on an improved A* algorithm to automatically find a large-scale fractured-vuggy connected path by seismic multi-attribute analysis. The algorithm automatically evaluates the interwell-connected mode and clarifies the relationship between the static connected channel and the fractured-vuggy space configuration. Restricted by various factors, such as seismic identification accuracy, a static connectivity study can hardly determine the filling and half-filling inside the channel effectively, even if it can identify the main connectivity channels. An injection-production response analysis based on dynamic production data can more accurately reflect the reservoir’s actual connectivity and degree of filling. This paper further studies dynamic response characteristics based on multifractals combined with production data. To reduce the evaluation uncertainty, we combined the static and dynamic connected analysis results to comprehensively evaluate the main connected modes, such as large fracture connectivity, cavern connectivity, and fractured-vuggy compound connectivity. We use the Tahe oilfield as an example to carry out an automatic evaluation of the connected pattern. The comprehensive evaluation results of the new algorithm were basically consistent with the tracer test results and can better reflect the interwell space-configuration relationship. Our model has certain guiding significance for the adjustment of working measures during waterflooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.
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Zou, Yan, Weijun Tang, Xiangyang Qiao, and Ji Li. "Aberrant modulations of static functional connectivity and dynamic functional network connectivity in chronic migraine." Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-588.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Static connectivity"
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Sjogärd, Martin. "Investigations of static and dynamic neuromagnetic resting state functional connectivity in healthy subjects and brain disorders." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/313545.
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The brain consists of spatially distinct areas, which underlie different aspects of human behavior. Using advanced neuroimaging technology and neurocomputational analysis methods, researchers have been able to uncover the functional roles of many of these areas and how they are interconnected both structurally and functionally to produce actions, sensations and cognitions which allow us to navigate our lives. In more recent years, it has been discovered that these brain networks also underlie the healthy functioning of the brain while it is at rest, i.e. awake but not performing any explicit or goal-directed tasks. Changes in these resting-state networks (RSNs) have been implicated in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, indicating that their degradation may play a role in the diverse loss of sensory, motor or cognitive functions associated with these.In this thesis, we introduce some new guidelines for capturing the electrophysiology of RSN structures using magnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neuroimaging technique which directly measures the magnetic fields associated with the synchronized electrical neural activity underlying these connections. Using MEG, we are able to consider these complex communication structures with great spatial and temporal resolution and probe how they are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease defined in part by both the degradation of the structures connecting different brain areas and by impairments across a wide spectrum of cognitive functions. However, in order to achieve this, there are methodological and analytical issues that must be dealt with.This thesis is separated into three introductory chapters and three research chapters. The introductory chapters outline the relevant theoretical bases that are not covered in the specific research chapters, while each of the research chapters contain a study undertaken as part of the thesis. Additionally, some research chapters start with an additional introductory prologue which expands on relevant ideas or concepts that are used but not fully explained in the corresponding papers.This thesis contains three empirical studies. In the first, we investigated the differential impact of source reconstruction methods and MEG system type on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). The results showed that the choice of source reconstruction algorithm has a substantial impact on the uncovered rsFC in the posterior default mode network (DMN). Specifically, this was shown to be due to a suppression of the source activity in this region when using a Beamformer rather than minimum norm estimation (MNE) for source reconstruction. Through exploring this effect this we also made a novel discovery about a linear synchronization structure within the posterior DMN. This also led us to recommend the use of MNE when conducting MEG rsFC studies involving the DMN, representing a novel and important result regarding best practice recommendations for the field as a whole and for the subsequent studies in this thesis.In the second study, we set out to distinguish intrinsic, i.e. task-invariant, and extrinsic, i.e. task-dependent, functional connectivity (FC) using a large data set containing MEG data from more than a hundred participants acquired during several different tasks with multiple task levels, as well as during rest, We were able to demonstrate that the human brain operates using two distinct modes of neuronal integration in parallel, i.e. intrinsic FC in the form of amplitude FC and extrinsic FC in the form of phase FC. These results are important both in that they establish a new conceptual framework for functional integration in the human brain and in that they highlight a potentially fuzzy distinction between resting-state and task-related FC, which can be better approached using this novel intrinsic/extrinsic formulation. Having established the existence of an intrinsic functional integration structure in amplitude FC among brain regions, in the third study we investigated how amplitude rsFC is altered in brain disease, here represented by patients with MS. We showed that patients with MS display specific alterations in amplitude FC, particularly involving the DMN and sensorimotor (SMN) networks, compared to healthy participants. Additionally, we showed that the degree of disease-related physical disability was associated with specific motor-related amplitude rsFC changes, and that variations in cognitive task performance and neuropsychological scores were different between patients and healthy subjects on scores which were significantly different between the groups. These results demonstrate the ability of intrinsic/amplitude FC to characterize functional changes in clinical populations that are associated with specific disability-related and neuropsychological outcomes.Le cerveau se compose de différentes zones fonctionnelles spatialement distinctes, qui sous-tendent différents aspects du comportement humain. En utilisant une technologie avancée de neuroimagerie et des méthodes d'analyse neurocomputationnelle, les neuroscientifiques ont caractérisé les rôles fonctionnels d’un bon nombre de structures cérébrales (i.e. la spécialisation fonctionnelle) et comment elles sont interconnectées à la fois structurellement et fonctionnellement (i.e. l’intégration fonctionnelle) pour produire les actions motrices, les sensations et les fonctions cognitives qui nous permettent de naviguer dans nos vies. Ces dernières années, les techniques de neuroimagerie ont également démontré que ces réseaux cérébraux fonctionnels sous-tendent également le bon fonctionnement du cerveau lorsqu'il est « au repos », c'est-à-dire qu'il n'effectue aucune tâche explicite ou ciblée. Des modifications de ces réseaux « de l’état de repos » (RSN) ont été impliquées dans un certain nombre de pathologies neurologiques ou psychiatriques, indiquant que leur altération peut jouer un rôle dans les déficits de fonctions sensorielles, motrices ou cognitives présentées par les patients.Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons de nouvelles lignes directrices pour investiguer l'électrophysiologie des RSN à l'aide de la magnétoencéphalographie (MEG), une technique de neuroimagerie non invasive qui mesure directement les champs magnétiques associés à l'activité neuronale électrique. Nous avons premièrement déterminé comment les choix méthodologiques au niveau de la reconstruction de sources en MEG influence les résultats de l’estimation de l’intégration fonctionnelle cérébrale. Ensuite, nous avons été en mesure d’étudier l’intégration fonctionnelle au sein des RSNs avec une grande résolution spatiale et temporelle, et ainsi, de déterminer les processus neurophysiologiques à l’origine de l’intégration fonctionnelle « intrinsèque » (i.e. indépendante d’une tâche ou de ce que le sujet fait) et « extrinsèque » (i.e. influencée ou modulée par une tâche). Nous avons démontré que l’intégration fonctionnelle intrinsèque repose sur le couplage de l’enveloppe (ou amplitude) de l’activité rythmique cérébrale alors que l’extrinsèque repose sur le couplage de phase de cette activité. Enfin, nous avons déterminé comment l’intégration fonctionnelle intrinsèque est altérée dans la sclérose en plaques (SEP), une maladie caractérisée en partie par la dégradation des connexions reliant différentes zones cérébrales et par des altérations variables des fonctions cognitive. Nous avons pu démontrer que le handicap moteur et certains troubles cognitifs (fatigue, cognitiven fluence verbale) sont associés à des altérations de l’intégration fonctionnelle intrinsèque de RSNs spécifiques.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bartolucci, Silvia. "A statistical mechanics model of the adaptive immune system : static and dynamical analysis in different connectivity regimes." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-statistical-mechanics-model-of-the-adaptive-immune-system(8b2a6f6d-ed30-4f14-80f2-0d95a8f3e365).html.
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In this thesis project, we model a sub-part of the adaptive immune system, composed of B and T lymphocytes, which interact to produce a suitable immune response against antigens. From a statistical mechanics perspective, this system can be modelled as a bipartite network with sparse links where the nodes represent B and T cells respectively, signalling via particular proteins called cytokines. Assuming that B lymphocytes evolve on a faster timescale than T cells, we study the dynamics of an effective mono-partite graph of T cells only where the B cells have been integrated out. Interestingly, this system can be mapped into a Hopfield-like associative network, which is able to retrieve and perform multiple immune strategies simultaneously. Using techniques such as Kramers-Moyal expansions for master equations, we carry out a dynamical analysis of the network evolving via Glauber sequential update. We derive equations quantifying the evolution in time of the immune response strength, analysing the nature and the stability of the stationary solutions in different regimes of dilution and network connectivity via linear stability analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. The model has also been extended to include the effect of receptors promiscuity, sampling B-T interactions locally from heterogeneous degree distributions and the effect of the antigens. Finally, we introduce interactions between B lymphocytes, called idiotypic interactions, studying their effect on the system's dynamics. We also analyse the effect of idiotypic interactions in the high storage and finite connectivity regime at equilibrium, using the cavity method to derive equations for the distributions of observables of the system. In particular, we obtain the B clone size distribution, studying its behaviour in different regions of the phase space.
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Du, Aiguo. "Prediction of Oxidation States of Cysteines and Disulphide Connectivity." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/28.
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Knowledge on cysteine oxidation state and disulfide bond connectivity is of great importance to protein chemistry and 3-D structures. This research is aimed at finding the most relevant features in prediction of cysteines oxidation states and the disulfide bonds connectivity of proteins. Models predicting the oxidation states of cysteines are developed with machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Associative Neural Networks (ASNNs). A record high prediction accuracy of oxidation state, 95%, is achieved by incorporating the oxidation states of N-terminus cysteines, flanking sequences of cysteines and global information on the protein chain (number of cysteines, length of the chain and amino acids composition of the chain etc.) into the SVM encoding. This is 5% higher than the current methods. This indicates to us that the oxidation states of amino terminal cysteines infer the oxidation states of other cysteines in the same protein chain. Satisfactory prediction results are also obtained with the newer and more inclusive SPX dataset, especially for chains with higher number of cysteines. Compared to literature methods, our approach is a one-step prediction system, which is easier to implement and use. A side by side comparison of SVM and ASNN is conducted. Results indicated that SVM outperform ASNN on this particular problem. For the prediction of correct pairings of cysteines to form disulfide bonds, we first study disulfide connectivity by calculating the local interaction potentials between the flanking sequences of the cysteine pairs. The obtained interaction potential is further adjusted by the coefficients related to the binding motif of enzymes during disulfide formation and also by the linear distance between the cysteine pairs. Finally, maximized weight matching algorithm is applied and performance of the interaction potentials evaluated. Overall prediction accuracy is unsatisfactory compared with the literature. SVM is used to predict the disulfide connectivity with the assumption that oxidation states of cysteines on the protein are known. Information on binding region during disulfide formation, distance between cysteine pairs, global information of the protein chain and the flanking sequences around the cysteine pairs are included in the SVM encoding. Prediction results illustrate the advantage of using possible anchor region information.
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Sýkora, Martin. "Studie připojitelnosti výrobny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219019.
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It is necessary to judge the influences of producers on the electric compounds while creating electrical energy or during the regulation of those existing. These analyses are sorted out by so called studies of connectivity. These calculations analyze the degree of connection of the producer and the standby unit during a break-down. The results of this report are several recommendations for creating such unit and succeeding steps leading to secure the stability and safety of the electric compound operation. The aim of this thesis is to discuss about software for PC solutions for static and dynamic network model, to draft power outlet into a network of generating high voltage, to complete a study of connectivity with respect to all the distortion factor, as increased voltage, inrush current at startup, flicker, harmonic currents, interference ripple, contribution to short-circuit current, reactive power control options, and demands for compensation.
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Pérez, Ramírez María Úrsula. "Characterizing functional and structural brain alterations driven by chronic alcohol drinking: a resting-state fMRI connectivity and voxel-based morphometry analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113164.
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El balance del cerebro se altera a nivel estructural y funcional por el consumo de alcohol y puede causar trastornos por consumo de alcohol (TCA). El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral fue investigar los efectos del consumo crónico y excesivo de alcohol en el cerebro desde una perspectiva funcional y estructural, mediante análisis de imágenes multimodales de resonancia magnética (RM).
Realizamos tres estudios con objetivos específicos:
i) Para entender cómo las neuroadaptaciones desencadenadas por el consumo de alcohol se ven reflejadas en la conectividad cerebral funcional entre redes cerebrales, así como en la actividad cerebral, realizamos estudios en ratas msP en condiciones de control y tras un mes con acceso a alcohol. Para cada sujeto se obtuvieron las señales específicas de sus redes cerebrales tras aplicar análisis probabilístico de componentes independientes y regresión espacial a las imágenes funcionales de RM en estado de reposo (RMf-er). Después, estimamos la conectividad cerebral en estado de reposo mediante correlación parcial regularizada. Para una lectura de la actividad neuronal realizamos un experimento con imágenes de RM realzadas con manganeso. En la condición de alcohol encontramos hipoconectividades entre la red visual y las redes estriatal y sensorial; todas con incrementos en actividad. Por el contrario, hubo hiperconectividades entre tres pares de redes cerebrales: 1) red prefrontal cingulada media y red estriatal, 2) red sensorial y red parietal de asociación y 3) red motora-retroesplenial y red sensorial, siendo la red parietal de asociación la única red sin incremento de actividad. Estos resultados indican que las redes cerebrales ya se alteran desde una fase temprana de consumo continuo y prolongado de alcohol, disminuyendo el control ejecutivo y la flexibilidad comportamental.
ii) Para comparar el volumen de materia gris (MG) cortical entre 34 controles sanos y 35 pacientes con dependencia al alcohol, desintoxicados y en abstinencia de 1 a 5 semanas, realizamos un análisis de morfometría basado en vóxel. Las principales estructuras cuyo volumen de MG disminuyó en los sujetos en abstinencia fueron el giro precentral (GPreC), el giro postcentral (GPostC), la corteza motora suplementaria (CMS), el giro frontal medio (GFM), el precúneo (PCUN) y el lóbulo parietal superior (LPS). Disminuciones de MG en el volumen de esas áreas pueden dar lugar a cambios en el control de los movimientos (GPreC y CMS), en el procesamiento de información táctil y propioceptiva (GPostC), personalidad, previsión (GFM), reconocimiento sensorial, entendimiento del lenguaje, orientación (PCUN) y reconocimiento de objetos a través de su forma (LPS).
iii) Caracterizar estados cerebrales dinámicos en señales de RMf mediante una metodología basada en un modelo oculto de Markov (HMM en inglés)-Gaussiano en un paradigma con diseño de bloques, junto con distintas señales temporales de múltiples redes: componentes independientes y modos funcionales probabilísticos (PFMs en inglés) en 14 sujetos sanos. Cuatro condiciones experimentales formaron el paradigma de bloques: reposo, visual, motora y visual-motora. Mediante la aplicación de HMM-Gaussiano a los PFMs pudimos caracterizar cuatro estados cerebrales a partir de la actividad media de cada PFM. Los cuatro mapas espaciales obtenidos fueron llamados HMM-reposo, HMM-visual, HMM-motor y HMM-RND (red neuronal por defecto). HMM-RND apareció una vez el estado de tarea se había estabilizado. En un futuro cercano se espera obtener estados cerebrales en nuestros datos de RMf-er en ratas, para comparar dinámicamente el comportamiento de las redes cerebrales como un biomarcador de TCA.
En conclusión, las técnicas de neuroimagen aplicadas en imagen de RM multimodal para estimar la conectividad cerebral en estado de reposo, la actividad cerebral y el volumen de materia gris han permitido avanzar en el entendimiento de los mecanismos homeostáticoLa ingesta d'alcohol altera el balanç del cervell a nivell estructural i funcional i pot causar trastorns per consum d' alcohol (TCA). L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral fou estudiar els efectes en el cervell del consum crònic i excessiu d'alcohol, des d'un punt de vista funcional i estructural i per mitjà d'anàlisi d'imatges de ressonància magnètica (RM). Vam realitzar tres anàlisis amb objectius específics: i) Per a entendre com les neuroadaptacions desencadenades pel consum d'alcohol es veuen reflectides en la connectivitat cerebral funcional entre xarxes cerebrals, així com en l'activitat cerebral, vam realitzar estudis en rates msP en les condicions de control i després d'un mes amb accés a alcohol. Per a cada subjecte vam obtindre els senyals de les xarxes cerebrals tras aplicar a les imatges funcionals de RM en estat de repòs una anàlisi probabilística de components independents i regressió espacial. Després, estimàrem la connectivitat cerebral en estat de repòs per mitjà de correlació parcial regularitzada. Per a una lectura de l'activitat cerebral vam adquirir imatges de RM realçades amb manganés. En la condició d'alcohol vam trobar hipoconnectivitats entre la xarxa visual i les xarxes estriatal i sensorial, totes amb increments en activitat. Al contrari, va haver-hi hiperconnectivitats entre tres parells de xarxes cerebrals: 1) xarxa prefrontal cingulada mitja i xarxa estriatal, 2) xarxa sensorial i xarxa parietal d'associació i 3) xarxa motora-retroesplenial i xarxa sensorial, sent la xarxa parietal d'associació l'única xarxa sense increment d'activitat. Aquests resultats indiquen que les xarxes cerebrals ja s'alteren des d'una fase primerenca caracteritzada per consum continu i prolongat d'alcohol, disminuint el control executiu i la flexibilitat comportamental. ii) Per a comparar el volum de MG cortical entre 34 controls sans i 35 pacients amb dependència a l'alcohol, desintoxicats i en abstinència de 1 a 5 setmanes vam emprar anàlisi de morfometria basada en vòxel. Les principals estructures on el volum de MG va disminuir en els subjectes en abstinència van ser el gir precentral (GPreC), el gir postcentral (GPostC), la corteça motora suplementària (CMS), el gir frontal mig (GFM), el precuni (PCUN) i el lòbul parietal superior (LPS). Les disminucions de MG en eixes àrees poden donar lloc a canvis en el control dels moviments (GPreC i CMS), en el processament d'informació tàctil i propioceptiva (GPostC), personalitat, previsió (GFM), reconeixement sensorial, enteniment del llenguatge, orientació (PCUN) i reconeixement d'objectes a través de la seua forma (LPS). iii) Caracterització de les dinàmiques temporals del cervell com a diferents estats cerebrals, en senyals de RMf mitjançant una metodologia basada en un model ocult de Markov (HMM en anglès)-Gaussià en imatges de RMf, junt amb dos tipus de senyals temporals de múltiples xarxes cerebrals: components independents i modes funcionals probabilístics (PFMs en anglès) en 14 subjectes sans. Quatre condicions experimentals van formar el paradigma de blocs: repòs, visual, motora i visual-motora. HMM-Gaussià aplicat als PFMs (senyals de RM funcional de xarxes cerebrals) va permetre la millor caracterització dels quatre estats cerebrals a partir de l'activitat mitjana de cada PFM. Els quatre mapes espacials obtinguts van ser anomenats HMM-repòs, HMM-visual, HMM-motor i HMM-XND (xarxa neuronal per defecte). HMM-XND va aparèixer una vegada una tasca estava estabilitzada. En un futur pròxim s'espera obtindre estats cerebrals en les nostres dades de RMf-er en rates, per a comparar dinàmicament el comportament de les xarxes cerebrals com a biomarcador de TCA. En conclusió, s'han aplicat tècniques de neuroimatge per a estimar la connectivitat cerebral en estat de repòs, l'activitat cerebral i el volum de MG, aplicades a imatges multimodals de RM i s'han obtés resultats que han permés avançar en l'enteniment dels m
Alcohol intake alters brain balance, affecting its structure and function, and it may cause Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). We aimed to study the effects of chronic, excessive alcohol consumption on the brain from a functional and structural point of view, via analysis of multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) images. We conducted three studies with specific aims: i) To understand how the neuroadaptations triggered by alcohol intake are reflected in between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and brain activity in the onset of alcohol dependence, we performed studies in msP rats in control and alcohol conditions. Group probabilistic independent component analysis (group-PICA) and spatial regression were applied to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) images to obtain subject-specific time courses of seven resting-state networks (RSNs). Then, we estimated rs-FC via L2-regularized partial correlation. We performed a manganese-enhanced (MEMRI) experiment as a readout of neuronal activity. In alcohol condition, we found hypoconnectivities between the visual network (VN), and striatal (StrN) and sensory-cortex (SCN) networks, all with increased brain activity. On the contrary, hyperconnectivities were found between three pairs of RSNs: 1) medial prefrontal-cingulate (mPRN) and StrN, 2) SCN and parietal association (PAN) and 3) motor-retrosplenial (MRN) and SCN networks, being PAN the only network without brain activity rise. Interestingly, the hypoconnectivities could be explained as control to alcohol transitions from direct to indirect connectivity, whereas the hyperconnectivities reflected an indirect to an even more indirect connection. These findings indicate that RSNs are early altered by prolonged and moderate alcohol exposure, diminishing the executive control and behavioral flexibility. ii) To compare cortical gray matter (GM) volume between 34 healthy controls and 35 alcohol-dependent patients who were detoxified and remained abstinent for 1-5 weeks before MRI acquisition, we performed a voxel-based morphometry analysis. The main structures whose GM volume decreased in abstinent subjects compared to controls were precentral gyrus (PreCG), postcentral gyrus (PostCG), supplementary motor cortex (SMC), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precuneus (PCUN) and superior parietal lobule (SPL). Decreases in GM volume in these areas may lead to changes in control of movement (PreCG and SMC), in processing tactile and proprioceptive information (PostCG), personality, insight, prevision (MFG), sensory appreciation, language understanding, orientation (PCUN) and the recognition of objects by touch and shapes (SPL). iii) To characterize dynamic brain states in functional MRI (fMRI) signals by means of an approach based on the Hidden Markov model (HMM). Several parameter configurations of HMM-Gaussian in a block-design paradigm were considered, together with different time series: independent components (ICs) and probabilistic functional modes (PFMs) on 14 healthy subjects. The block-design fMRI paradigm consisted of four experimental conditions: rest, visual, motor and visual-motor. Characterizing brain states' dynamics in fMRI data was possible applying the HMM-Gaussian approach to PFMs, with mean activity driving the states. The four spatial maps obtained were named HMM-rest, HMM-visual, HMM-motor and HMM-DMN (default mode network). HMM-DMN appeared once a task state had stabilized. The ultimate goal will be to obtain brain states in our rs-fMRI rat data, to dynamically compare the behavior of brain RSNs as a biomarker of AUD. In conclusion, neuroimaging techniques to estimate rs-FC, brain activity and GM volume can be successfully applied to multimodal MRI in the advance of the understanding of brain homeostasis in AUDs. These functional and structural alterations are a biomarker of chronic alcoholism to explain impairments in executive control, reward evaluation and visuospatial processing.
Pérez Ramírez, MÚ. (2018). Characterizing functional and structural brain alterations driven by chronic alcohol drinking: a resting-state fMRI connectivity and voxel-based morphometry analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113164
TESIS
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Santos, Moises Souza. "Recorrência espacial aplicada ao estudo de estados quimera." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2471.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A importância do estudo de estados quimera em redes neuronais reflete no fato destes possuírem uma forte ligação com alguns tipos de anomalias diagnosticadas no cérebro, por exemplo, epilepsia,mal de Parkinson e Alzheimer. Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo da aplicação dos gráficos de recorrência, em sua versão espacial, na caracterização da coexistência de estados coerentes e incoerentes em sistemas dinâmicos acoplados. Utilizamos um modelo constituído de osciladores de fase para uma primeira abordagem da matriz de recorrência. Nossos resultados indicam que os diagnósticos quantitativos, baseados no gráfico de recorrência, detectam não só a existência de estados quimera como também estados sincronizados e dessincronizados que por ventura emergem na rede. Sobre esse aspecto, mostramos que a análise via recorrência espacial é superior à utilização do parâmetro de ordem global pós-colapso de estados quimera. Este cenário ocorre em algumas situações onde a rede exibe quimera e esta subitamente desaparece do sistema, que passa a exibir um comportamento sincronizado na frequência de seus osciladores. Neste caso, o parâmetro de ordem global não identifica esta mudança de comportamento sendo necessário uma interpretação via outro diagnóstico. Também utilizamos a rede de conectividade cortical de gato, como forma de acoplamento, e distinguimos duas formas de estados híbridos: uma quimera com a região incoerente em dinâmica temporal de spikes e outra quimera onde a região incoerente apresenta dinâmica temporal de bursts. Identificamos que este último caso de estados quimera possui maior robustez com relação à perturbação externa aplicada no sistema.Concluímos que a região de quimera com bursts necessita de uma intensidade de perturbação duas vezes superior que a região de spikes para deixar de existir na rede de neurônios.
A importância do estudo de estados quimera em redes neuronais reflete no fato destes possuírem uma forte ligação com alguns tipos de anomalias diagnosticadas no cérebro, por exemplo, epilepsia, mal de Parkinson e Alzheimer. Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo da aplicação dos gráficos de recorrência, em sua versão espacial, na caracterização da coexistência de estados coerentes e incoerentes em sistemas dinâmicos acoplados. Utilizamos um modelo constituído de osciladores de fase para uma primeira abordagem da matriz de recorrência. Nossos resultados indicam que os diagnósticos quantitativos, baseados no gráfico de recorrência, detectam não só a existência de estados quimera como também estados sincronizados e dessincronizados que por ventura emergem na rede. Sobre esse aspecto, mostramos que a análise via recorrência espacial é superior à utilização do parâmetro de ordem global pós-colapso de estados quimera. Este cenário ocorre em algumas situações onde a rede exibe quimera e esta subitamente desaparece do sistema, que passa a exibir um comportamento sincronizado na frequência de seus osciladores. Neste caso, o parâmetro de ordem global não identifica esta mudança de comportamento sendo necessário uma interpretação via outro diagnóstico. Também utilizamos a rede de conectividade cortical de gato, como forma de acoplamento, e distinguimos duas formas de estados híbridos: uma quimera com a região incoerente em dinâmica temporal de spikes e outra quimera onde a região incoerente apresenta dinâmica temporal de bursts. Identificamos que este último caso de estados quimera possui maior robustez com relação à perturbação externa aplicada no sistema.Concluímos que a região de quimera com bursts necessita de uma intensidade de perturbação duas vezes superior que a região de spikes para deixar de existir na rede de neurônios
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Čáslava, Jiří. "Posouzení možnosti provozu zdrojů v dané oblasti při nestandardních provozních stavech sítě VN." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219385.
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This Master's thesis deals with solution of nonstandard operation connection of E.ON's 22kV distribution network in given area, considering the possibilities of operating dispersed electric power sources currently available, as well as possible power sources connected to the distribution network in the future and its potential operation limitation. A part of this paper is a description of calculation methods used for network evaluation in steady state, with emphasis on linear calculations used by E-Vlivy program, in which the operational possibilities are simulated. Therefore, a description of this program is also included. Suggested operation possibilities correspond with E.ON's valid distribution network operation rules. The outcome of this paper will serve to E.ON's 22kV network's controllers as materials for network operating in nonstandard operation states.
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Ferreira, Elton Luiz Diniz. "Improved estimation of pore connectivity and permeability in deepwater carbonates with the construction of multi-layer static and dynamic petrophysical models." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26422.
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A new method is presented here for petrophysical interpretation of heterogeneous carbonates using well logs and core data. Developing this new method was necessary because conventional evaluation methods tend to yield inaccurate predictions of pore connectivity and permeability in the studied field. Difficulties in the petrophysical evaluation of this field are related to shoulder-bed effects, presence of non-connected porosity, rock layers that are thinner than the vertical resolution of well-logging tools, and the effect of oil-base mud (OBM) invasion in the measurements. These problems give rise to uncommon measurements and rock properties, such as: (a) reservoir units contained within thinly bedded and laminated sequences, (b) very high apparent resistivity readings in the oil-bearing zone, (c) separation of apparent resistivity logs with different depths of investigation, (d) complex unimodal and bimodal transverse relaxation distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, (e) reservoir units having total porosity of 0.02 to 0.26 and permeability between 0.001mD to 4.2D, (f) significant differences between total and sonic porosity, and (g) low and constant gamma-ray values. The interpretation method introduced in this thesis is based on the detection of layer boundaries and rock types from high-resolution well logs and on the estimation of layer-by-layer properties using numerical simulation of resistivity, nuclear, and NMR logs. Layer properties were iteratively adjusted until the available well logs were reproduced by numerical simulations. This method honors the reservoir geology and physics of the measurements while adjusting the layer properties; it reduces shoulder-bed effects on well logs, especially across thinly bedded and laminated sequences, thereby yielding improved estimates of interconnected porosity and permeability in rocks that have null mobile water saturation and that were invaded with OBM. Additionally, dynamic simulations of OBM invasion in free-water depth intervals were necessary to estimate permeability. It is found that NMR transverse relaxation measurements are effective for determining rock and fluid properties but are unreliable in the accurate calculation of porosity and permeability in thinly bedded and highly laminated depth sections. In addition, this thesis shows that low resistivity values are associated with the presence of microporosity, and high resistivity values are associated with the presence of interconnected and vuggy porosity. In some layers, a fraction of the vuggy porosity is associated with isolated pores, which does not contribute to fluid flow. An integrated evaluation using multiple measurements, including sonic logs, is therefore necessary to detect isolated porosity. After the correction and simulation, results show, on average, a 34% improvement between estimated and core-measured permeability. Closer agreement was not possible because of limitations in tool resolution and difficulty in obtaining a precise depth match between core and well-log measurements.text
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Garbers, Rachel. "An e-learning instructional design framework for mobile devices in Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25531.
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English text, with summaries in English, Afrikaans and ZuluThis study aims to propose an e-learning framework for mobile devices in Africa to help improve enrolment rates and education standards in the FET (Further Education and Training) phase. The study is qualitative in nature and employs document analysis as main research method. An overview of the South African education context with supporting statistical data to motivate why an e-learning alternative is crucial for improving South African and African education is provided. The literature review includes a descriptive analysis of 7 existing e- and m-learning frameworks, with key features highlighted for possible adaptation or incorporation into an e-learning framework for Africa. Behaviourism, Constructivism and Connectivism are discussed as applicable learning theories to pedagogically underpin this proposed e-learning framework. Thereafter, a critical evaluation of current South African education policy documents (White Papers, the Norms and Standards for Educators and the Draft Policy for the Provision and Management of Learning Teaching and Support Materials) is conducted to determine whether these policies support and enable e-learning effectively. Part 2 of Chapter 5 comprises a critical analysis and comparison of education systems and applicable legislation in the USA, Finland and Malawi to establish how education is structured and how e-learning is administered in these countries to make relevant recommendations for South Africa and to inform the design of an e-learning framework for Africa. Research findings are presented as answers to the research questions posed and the proposed e-learning framework with further recommendations are presented to the South African Department of Basic Education, teachers and researchers.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om ‘n e-onderrig-en-leer raamwerk vir mobiele toestelle vir Afrika voor te stel, sodat inskrywingsgetalle en onderrig- en leerstandaarde in die Verdere Onderrig en Opleidings (VOO) fase verbeter kan word. Dit is ‘n kwalitatiewe studie en dokumentanalise word as navorsingsmetode toegepas. ‘n Oorsig van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel en konteks met ondersteunende statistiese bevindinge word verduidelik om e-onderrig-en-leer as noodsaaklike alternatief vir Suid-Afrika en Afrika te motiveer. Die literatuuroorsig sluit ‘n beskrywende analise van sewe bestaande e- en m-onderrig-en-leer (mobiele-onderrig-en-leer) raamwerke in. Hoofkenmerke van elke raamwerk word uitgelig vir moontlike aanpassing en inkorporering in ‘n e-onderrig-en-leer raamwerk vir die Afrika-konteks. Leerteorië, nl Behaviourisme, Konstruktivisme en Konnektivisme (Connectivism) word in diepte bespreek as pedagogies fundamenteel om die e-onderrig-en-leer raamwerk te onderbou en te ondersteun. ‘n Kritiese evaluasie van Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysbeleid (d.w.s. Witskrifte, die Norme and Standaarde vir Onderwysers en die konsepdokument oor die Voorsiening en Bestuur van Onderrig-, Leer- en Ondersteuningsmateriaal) is gedoen om vas te stel of die beleid wel e-onderrig-en-leer effektief ondersteun en prakties moontlik maak. ‘n Krities analitiese en vergelykende studie van die VSA (Verenigde State van Amerika), Finland en Malawi se onderwysstelsels- en wetgewing is gedoen in hoofstuk 5 deel 2 om te bepaal hoe dié lande onderwys struktureer en hoe e-onderrig-en–leer geadministreer word, sodat relevante voorstelle vir Suid-Afrika gemaak kan word en om insae te lewer in die ontwerp van ‘n e-onderrig-en-leer raamwerk toepaslik vir die Afrika-kontinent. Navorsingsbevindinge word voorgelê aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Basiese Onderwys, onderwysers sowel as aan navorsers.
Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuphakamisa uhlaka lwe-e-learning lamadivaysi eselula e-Afrika ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokubhalisa nezindinganiso zemfundo kwiSigaba se-FET (Further Education and Training). Ucwaningo luyimfanelo enemvelo futhi lusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwedokhumenti njengendlela yokucwaninga eyinhloko. Ukuhlolisisa umongo wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika ngokusekela imniningwane yezibalo ukugqugquzela ukuthi kungani enye yokufunda email ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yaseNingizimu Afrika ne-Afrika. Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa okuchazayo kwezinhlaka eziyisikhombisa ezisekhona ze-e- e-m-learning, nezici eziyinhloko eziqokonyiswe ukukhishwa kwe-adaption noma ukufakwa kwisakhiwo se-e-learning se-Afrika. Ukuzikhethela, Ukwakhiwa kwe-Constructivism (Kwe Zokwakha) kanye ne-Connectivism (Kwe Zokuxhumana) kuxoxwa njengezifundo ezifanele zokufunda ukusekela lolu hlelo oluhlongozwayo lwe-e-learning. Ngemuva kwaloko, ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kwemibhalo yamanje yemfundo yaseNingizimu Afrika (Amaphepha Asemhlophe, Imigomo Nemigomo Yabafundisi kanye neNqubomgomo Yohlaka Lokufundiswa Nezifundo Nokusekela) kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lezi zinqubomgomo zisekela futhi zikwazi yini ukufundisa nge-e-ephumelelayo. Ingxenye yesibili yeSahluko sesihlanu iqukethe ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezinhlelo zemfundo kanye nemithetho esebenzayo eMelika, eFinland nase Malawi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo ihlelwe kanjani nokuthi i-e-learning inikezwa kanjani ukwenza izincomo ezifanele eNingizimu Afrika nokwazisa ukuklama uhlaka lwe-e-learning lwe-Afrika. Imiphumela yokucwaninga inikezwa njengezimpendulo zemibuzo yokucwaninga ephakanyisiwe kanye nohlaka oluhlongozwayo lwe-e-learning kanye nezincomo ezengeziwe ezethulwa eMnyangweni wezemfundo Eyisisekelo, othisha nabacwaningi baseNingizimu Afrika.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)
Books on the topic "Static connectivity"
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United States. Internal Revenue Service., ed. Connectivity that counts: Technology and you! [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1999.
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Edgardo, Favaro, ed. Small states, smart solutions: Improving connectivity and increasing the effectiveness of public services. Washington DC: World Bank, 2008.
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Social reach: A connectivist approach to American identity and global governance. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 2008.
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Hung, Eva P. W., and Tak-Wing Ngo, eds. Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988934.
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Long before China promulgated the official One Belt One Road initiatives, vast networks of cross-border exchanges already existed across Asia and Eurasia. The dynamics of such trade and resource flows have largely been outside state control, and are pushed to the realm of the shadow economy. The official initiative is a state-driven attempt to enhance the orderly flow of resources across countries along the Belt and Road, hence extending the reach of the states to the shadow economies. This volume offers a bottom-up view of the transborder informal exchanges across Asia and Eurasia, and analyses its clash and mesh with the state-orchestrated Belt and Road cooperation. By undertaking a comparative study of country cases along the new silk roads, the book underlines the intended and unintended consequences of such competing routes of connectivity on the socio-economic conditions of local communities.
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Chettri, Mona, and Michael Eilenberg, eds. Development Zones in Asian Borderlands. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726238.
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Development Zones in Asian Borderlands maps the nexus between global capital flows, national economic policies, infrastructural connectivity, migration, and aspirations for modernity in the borderlands of South and South-East Asia. In doing so, it demonstrates how these are transforming borderlands from remote, peripheral backyards to front-yards of economic development and state-building. Development zones encapsulate the networks, institutions, politics and processes specific to enclave development, and offer a new analytical framework for thinking about borderlands; namely, as sites of capital accumulation, territorialisation and socio-spatial changes.
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Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Ben J. Harrison. Brain Functional Connectivity in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0024.
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This chapter provides an overview of studies assessing alterations in brain functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although most of the reviewed studies relate to the analysis of resting-state fMRI data, the chapter also reviews studies that have combined resting-state with structural or task-based approaches, as well as task-based studies in which the analysis of functional connectivity was reported. The main conclusions to be drawn from this review are that patients with OCD consistently demonstrate altered patterns of brain functional connectivity in large-scale “frontostriatal” and “default mode” networks, and that the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms is likely to partly arise via distinct modulatory influences on these networks by broader disturbances of affective, motivational, and regulatory systems. The variable nature of some findings across studies as well as the influence of medications on functional connectivity measures is also discussed.
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Connectivity that counts: Technology and you! [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1999.
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Herman, Collin B. Intermodal Transportation and Airport Connectivity: Considerations and Development. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
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Konrad, Kerstin, Adriana Di Martino, and Yuta Aoki. Brain volumes and intrinsic brain connectivity in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0006.
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Neuroimaging studies have increased our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. Structural brain imaging studies demonstrate widespread changes in brain volumes, in particular in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. Based on the widespread nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities, approaches able to capture the organizing principles of large-scale neural systems have been used in ADHD. These include diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI). Complementary to findings of volumetric studies, diffusion investigations have reported structural connectivity abnormalities in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. In parallel, R-fMRI studies point towards abnormalities in the interaction of multiple networks, extending the functional territory of explorations beyond cognitive and motor control. In the future, a deep phenotypic characterization beyond diagnostic categories combined with longitudinal study designs and novel analytical approaches will accelerate the pace towards clinical translations of neuroimaging to improve the detection and prediction of neural trajectories and treatment response in ADHD.
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Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.
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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.
Book chapters on the topic "Static connectivity"
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Alexandre, Luís A., and Mark J. Embrechts. "Reservoir Size, Spectral Radius and Connectivity in Static Classification Problems." In Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN 2009, 1015–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04274-4_104.
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Koskinen, Henri, Jouni Karvo, and Olli Apilo. "On Improving Connectivity of Static Ad-Hoc Networks by Adding Nodes." In Challenges in Ad Hoc Networking, 169–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31173-4_19.
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Ramnath, Sarnath. "Forewarned Is Fore-Armed: Dynamic Digraph Connectivity with Lookahead Speeds Up a Static Clustering Algorithm." In Algorithm Theory — SWAT 2002, 220–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45471-3_23.
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Deshpande, Gopikrishna, Stephen LaConte, Scott Peltier, and Xiaoping Hu. "Connectivity Analysis of Human Functional MRI Data: From Linear to Nonlinear and Static to Dynamic." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 17–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11812715_3.
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Wu, Jing, Lichun Sun, Yaqing Wang, Bin Yu, and Zhilei Shang. "Research of the Reservoir Connectivity Based on Dynamic and Static Information in a Deep Water Carbonate Oilfield." In Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2020, 86–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1123-0_9.
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van Nes, Akkelies, and Claudia Yamu. "Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice." In Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 35–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axialintegration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the streetsegment as the basis for analysis allows one to apply three types of distances and three types of radii in space syntax. We then present the most-often used space syntax measures in more depth, namely angularchoice and angular integrationwith metric radius, and introduce the mathematical formulae on how to normalise both measures. Real-life applications illustrate and underpin the usefulness of these measures and their meaning for urban analysis, such as why and how they allow us to identify urban societal processes and their added value at both a citywidescale and a neighbourhoodscale. Finally, we critically reflect on the measures, including their potentials and misfits. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.
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Edgerton, V. R., R. R. Roy, S. C. Bodine-Fowler, D. J. Pierotti, G. A. Unguez, T. P. Martin, B. Jiang, and G. R. Chalmers. "Motoneurons - Muscle Fiber Connectivity and Interdependence." In The Dynamic State of Muscle Fibers, edited by Dirk Pette, 217–32. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110884784-020.
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Prentza, Andriana, Marie-Laure Watrinet, and Lefteris Leontaridis. "Testing Methodology for the TOOP Pilots." In The Once-Only Principle, 164–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_9.
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AbstractThe Once-Only Principle project (TOOP) is an initiative, financed by the EU Program Horizon 2020, with the aim to explore and demonstrate the Once-Only principle through multiple sustainable pilots, using a federated architecture on a cross-border collaborative pan-European scale, enabling the connection of different registries and architectures in different countries for better exchange of information across public administrations. The deployed systems in the different Member States for the different piloting domains are being monitored and tested following the TOOP testing methodology that was developed during the TOOP project and with the use of specifically developed TOOP tools in order to monitor, identify errors and improve the quality of the pilots. The specific piloting tests and milestones are customized per pilot domain and are followed by all Member States piloting in the specific domain. The methodology starts from a technical view at the own Member State level with the verification of a check list, continues with onboard testing and connectivity testing and as the last step a connectathon between different Member States takes place.
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Demissie, Fikirte, Kumelachew Yeshitela, and Mengistie Kindu. "Ecological Status and Plan for Connectivity of Fragmented Forests as a Means of Degraded Land Restoration in South Gonder, Ethiopia." In State of the Art in Ethiopian Church Forests and Restoration Options, 245–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86626-6_13.
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Li, Hui, and Xin Yang. "Prototype of Sovereignty Network and Application of Private Network Based on MIN." In Co-governed Sovereignty Network, 183–257. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2670-8_5.
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AbstractMulti-Identifier Network (MIN) is compatible with IP network, and supports naturally and gradually de-IP, which will be promoted by users and the market for its performance gains rather than by compulsively. It is a predictable circumstance that the IP network may still be mainstream at United States of American in the future. But other countries will move away from IP to MIN in order to safeguard their sovereignty over cyberspace, and the connectivity between them and IP network are guaranteed through MIN. In other words, IP network will become the internal network of the United States, while other countries will constitute a multilateral governance network system based on MIN. In brief, the applications scenarios of Co-governed Sovereignty Network based on MIN could be classified into three scales: the small-scale scenarios such as high-security private networks for enterprises, industries, and government departments; the medium-scale scenarios of industrial Internet, private network of Internet of vehicles and smart city; the United Nations of Cyberspace: raplacing the current IP network with the large-scale high-security cyberspace for multilateral condominium and sovereign autonomy.
Conference papers on the topic "Static connectivity"
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Bourges, M., J. M. Chautru, H. Binet, and R. Meunier. "Conditioning Static Models with Connectivity Information." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141515.
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Casbeer, David, A. Lee Swindlehurst, and Randal Beard. "Connectivity in a UAV Multi-static Radar Network." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6209.
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Schlie, Alexander, Sandro Schulze, and Ina Schaefer. "Comparing Multiple MATLAB/Simulink Models Using Static Connectivity Matrix Analysis." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsme.2018.00026.
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Tang, H., and N. Liu. "Static Connectivity and Heterogeneity (SCH) Analysis and Dynamic Uncertainty Estimation." In IPTC 2008: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.148.iptc12877.
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A. Reeve, J., and K. F. A. Angel. "Atlantis Static Connectivity Study – Predicting Compartmentalization Prior to First Oil." In 69th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2007. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201401433.
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Ajorlou, A., A. G. Aghdam, and A. Jadbabaie. "A connectivity preserving containment control strategy for unicycles with static leaders." In 2012 American Control Conference - ACC 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315571.
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Casavola, Alessandro, Vincenzo D'Angelo, Ayman El Qemmah, Francesco Tedesco, and Franco Angelo Torchiaro. "Distributed Constrained Connectivity-Keeping Supervision Scheme in the Presence of Static Obstacles." In 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993176.
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Tang, Hong, and Ning Liu. "Reservoir Static Connectivity and Heterogeneity Analysis (RCHA) and the Impact on Flow Behavior." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-12877-ms.
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Hong, Changwan, Laxman Dhulipala, and Julian Shun. "Exploring the Design Space of Static and Incremental Graph Connectivity Algorithms on GPUs." In PACT '20: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3410463.3414657.
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Shan, Youngbin, Yaoguang Wu, Minjun Qin, Dongming Liu, and Bin Yao. "Interwell Connectivity Study." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31624-ms.
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Abstract Understanding interwell connectivity is crucial for EOR decision making. In 1990, K.N Wood et al proposed a method to evaluate the interwell Residual Oil using a reactive tracer and a non-partition tracer. A decade later in 2001 (Joseph Tang, 2001), Joseph Tang et al proposed a method to identify the single well near bore residual oil saturation by puff and huff approach in a single well carbonate reservoir. Today the interwell connectivity is still under research. The objective of this paper is to propose latest study to evaluate interwell connectivity through two or more partitioning tracers to estimate the breakthrough, pore volume, sweeping channel geometry, high permeability channel, residual oil saturation, etc Thanks to the new development in tracer technologies, today we can use two distinctive tracers to pump through injection well and collect tracers produced in all production wells. The different partition coefficients for two tracers can reveal the lag factor for the sweeping channel and further derive the statistical channel breakthrough time, pore volume, geometry, tortuosity and residual oil saturation. The theory, derivation and applications of the concepts are described in this paper. Based on the analysis, sweeping channels statistical information can be calculated by a simple mathematical expression of the ratio of two distinctive tracer mass produced from production wells, the ratio of two tracer dynamic partitioning coefficients and the ratio of two injected tracer mass. With this information, operator can investigate a compartmentalization in the field to optimize flooding plan. One 9-piont injection well grid were analyzed, and results are shown in this paper. Those results are important input to operators' reservoir model. It revealed the major sweeping channels and azimuths, the major residual oil channel and their azimuths, the possible tortuous channels and their azimuths which gives operator a direction of where the residual oil resides and how easy or difficult it can be recovered in tertiary oil production. This new theory analyzes sweeping channel statistical information from produced masses of two distinctively partitioning tracers, which follows a rigorous mathematical derivation and setup a volume factor equation relating to produced masses of two partitioning tracers. The partitioning coefficient is also modified by a dynamic factor to better simulate the moving partition in channel rather than the static partitioning between brine and oil.
Reports on the topic "Static connectivity"
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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 18. Hilbert Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.1818.9585.
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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 20. Hilbert Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.2048.3738.
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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso. CONN functional connectivity toolbox (RRID:SCR_009550), Version 19. Hilbert Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.56441/hilbertpress.1927.9364.
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CONN is a Matlab-based cross-platform software for the computation, display, and analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI (fcMRI). Connectivity measures include seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, ROI-to- ROI connectivity matrices, graph properties of connectivity networks, generalized psychophysiological interaction models (gPPI), intrinsic connectivity, local correlation and other voxel-to-voxel measures, independent component analyses (ICA), and dynamic component analyses (dyn-ICA). CONN is available for resting state data (rsfMRI) as well as task-related designs. It covers the entire pipeline from raw fMRI data to hypothesis testing, including spatial coregistration, ART-based scrubbing, aCompCor strategy for control of physiological and movement confounds, first-level connectivity estimation, and second-level random-effect analyses and hypothesis testing.
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Garrity, John, and Arndt Husar. Digital Connectivity and Low Earth Orbit Satellite: Constellations Opportunities for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210156-2.
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Satellite communication plays an important role in the global connectivity ecosystem. It connects rural and remote populations, provides backhaul connectivity to mobile cellular networks, and enables rapid communications for emergency and disaster responses. Low Earth orbit constellations may prove to be transformational to the connectivity landscape based on their global coverage and their suitability for areas not served by fiber optic cable networks. The Asian Development Bank’s developing member countries are well placed to benefit from this expansion of internet connectivity. It will be particularly valuable for small island developing states and landlocked developing countries with limited international bandwidth internet.
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Wade, Alisa A., Kevin S. McKelvey, and Michael K. Schwartz. Resistance-surface-based wildlife conservation connectivity modeling: Summary of efforts in the United States and guide for practitioners. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-333.
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Mintii, Iryna S., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, Svitlana M. Ivanova, Oksana A. Chernysh, Svitlana M. Hryshchenko, and Serhiy O. Semerikov. Current state and prospects of distance learning development in Ukraine. [б. в.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4593.
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The article presents a thorough literature review and highlights the main stages in the development of distance learning in Ukraine. Moreover, the paper suggests the periodization of distance learning. Research data on distance learning peculiarities in Ukraine during and before the pandemic make it possible to outline the main problems faced by higher education institutions’ (HEIs) teachers and students. Therefore, the study emphasizes common problems, namely hardware/software issues, poor Internet connectivity, lack of students’ self-discipline and self-organization, absence of live communication, insufficient digital literacy skills etc. The paper analyzes the benefits of MOOCs that aim at digital competence development. It presents the results of students’ survey on qualitative changes in distance learning organization in 2020–2021 academic year compared to 2019–2020 academic year. The results prove that in current academic year, distance learning is better organized due to a sufficient structure of distance learning courses, the use of one platform for the whole educational institution, higher teachers’ digital competence, the use of various resources etc.
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Barajas, Jesus, Lindsay Braun, Amanda Merck, Bob Dean, Paul Esling, and Heidy Persaud. The State of Practice in Community Impact Assessment. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-011.
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The objective of this research was to provide recommendations to the Illinois Department of Transportation for updating and revising the “Community Impact Assessment Manual” in accordance with the latest research and practice. The guide incorporated findings from a literature review, a scan of state department of transportation (DOT) community impact assessment (CIA) guidance and manuals, a survey of practitioners from state DOTs involved in CIA, and a series of interviews with those same practitioners to recommend process updates. According to the Federal Highway Administration, community impact assessment can be defined as “an iterative process to evaluate the effects of a transportation action on a community and its quality of life,” which includes elements of health, safety, air quality, connectivity and access, and equity. Six states had publicly available CIA guidance. While all manuals provided basic guidance, some were more detailed in prescribing analytical methods for different types of impacts or provided more structure for conducting the analysis, such as report templates, technical memos, interactive screening tools, field visit checklists, and community context audit forms. According to surveys and interviews with state DOT practitioners, DOTs varied in how or whether they conducted CIA, whether they screened for the need for CIA in advance of conducting it, and what factors they consider when conducting them. A few DOTs had innovative practices with respect to CIA, such as mapping tools, an equity and health assessment, and robust community engagement. The CIA guidance produced as a component to this project constitutes the state of the art in practice, including quantitative and qualitative analytical methods for screening and methods for conducting and documenting CIA. The guidance also emphasizes equity in the assessment process.
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Sparrow, Kent, Joseph Gutenson, Mark Wahl, and Kayla Cotterman. Evaluation of climatic and hydroclimatic resources to support the US Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45484.
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Short-term climatic and hydrologic interactions, or hydroclimatology, are an important consideration when delineating the geographic extent of aquatic resources and assessing whether an aquatic resource is a jurisdictional water of the United States (WOTUS) and is therefore subject to the Clean Water Act (CWA). The now vacated 2020 Navigable Waters Protection Rule (NWPR) required the evaluation of precipitation and other hydroclimatic conditions to assess the jurisdictional status of an aquatic resource based on normal hydroclimatic conditions. Short-term hydroclimatic conditions, such as antecedent precipitation, evapotranspiration, wetland delineation, and streamflow duration assessments, provide information on an aquatic resource’s geo-graphic extent, hydrologic characteristics, and hydrologic connectivity with other aquatic resources. Here, researchers from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) evaluate tools and data available to practitioners for assessing short-term hydroclimatic conditions. The work highlights specific meteorological phenomena that are important to consider when assessing short-term hydroclimatic conditions that affect the geographic extent and hydrologic characteristics of an aquatic resource. The findings suggest that practitioners need access to data and tools that more holistically consider the impact of short-term antecedent hydroclimatology on the entire hydrologic cycle, rather than tools based solely on precipitation.
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Duffield, John, and Chris Neher. Incorporating deer and turtle total value in collision mitigation benefit-cost calculations. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.09.1.
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This document is a task report for a larger Wildlife Vehicle Collision (WVC) Reduction and Habitat Connectivity pooled fund study. It addresses the potential use of passive use economic values for wildlife to inform the mitigation of wildlife-vehicle collisions. Passive use, also known as non-use values, are the values individuals place on the existence of a given animal species or population as well as the bequest value of knowing that future generations will also benefit from preserving the species. This report describes a pilot survey and study of willingness to pay by Minnesota households to pay for exclusionary fencing and passage structures to reduce vehicle/animal collisions in the state. The species of focus were deer and turtles. The study found strong support for fencing and passage structures, and statistically significant willingness to pay increased taxes to support their construction.
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Lambermont, Serge, and Niels De Boer. Unsettled Issues Concerning Automated Driving Services in the Smart City Infrastructure. SAE International, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021030.
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Information and communication technology is fundamentally changing the way we live and operate in cities, such as instant access to events, transportation, bookings, payments, and other services. At the same time, three “megatrends” in the automotive industry—self-driving, electrification, and advanced manufacturing technology—are enabling the design of innovative, application-specific vehicles that capitalize on city connectivity. Applications could countless; however, they also need to be safe and securely integrated into a city’s physical and digital infrastructure, and into the overall urban ecosystem. Unsettled Issues Concerning Automated Driving Services in the Smart City Infrastructure examines the current state of the industry, the developments in automated driving and robotics, and how these new urban, self-driving city applications are different. It also analyzes higher level challenges for urban applications. Ultimately, this report includes several options for sharing lessons learned among different cities and their stakeholders.