Relevant bibliographies by topics / States, Small Econometric models

Academic literature on the topic 'States, Small Econometric models'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Carruthers, Bruce G., Timothy W. Guinnane, and Yoonseok Lee. "Bringing “Honest Capital” to Poor Borrowers: The Passage of the U.S. Uniform Small Loan Law, 1907–1930." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 42, no. 3 (November 2011): 393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00256.

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The Uniform Small Loan Law (usll)—the primary tool of the Russell Sage Foundation (rsf) intended to improve credit conditions for poor people in the United States during first decades of the twentieth century—created a new class of lenders who could legally make small loans at interest rates exceeding those allowed for banks. By the 1930s, about two-thirds of the states had passed the usll. Econometric models show that urbanization, state-level economic characteristics, and the nature of a state's banking system all affected the chance of passage. That party-political affiliations had no effect is consistent with the usll's “progressive” character. The passage of the usll in one state, however, made passage less likely in neighboring or similar states. The evidence suggests that the rsf only imperfectly understood the political economy of the usll, and that a different overall approach might have produced a result closer to its real aims.
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HAIM, DAVID, RALPH J. ALIG, ANDREW J. PLANTINGA, and BRENT SOHNGEN. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND FUTURE LAND USE IN THE UNITED STATES: AN ECONOMIC APPROACH." Climate Change Economics 02, no. 01 (February 2011): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007811000218.

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An econometric land-use model is used to project regional and national land-use changes in the United States under two IPCC emissions scenarios. The key driver of land-use change in the model is county-level measures of net returns to five major land uses. The net returns are modified for the IPCC scenarios according to assumed trends in population and income and projections from integrated assessment models of agricultural prices and agricultural and forestry yields. For both scenarios, we project large increases in urban land by the middle of the century, while the largest declines are in cropland area. Significant differences among regions in the projected patterns of land-use change are evident, including an expansion of forests in the Mountain and Plains regions with declines elsewhere. Comparisons to projections with no climate change effects on prices and yields reveal relatively small differences. Thus, our findings suggest that future land-use patterns in the U.S. will be shaped largely by urbanization, with climate change having a relatively small influence.
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Andrei, Jean Vasile, Luminita Chivu, Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe, Aleksandar Grubor, Teodor Sedlarski, Violeta Sima, Jonel Subić, and Mile Vasic. "Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Business Demography and European Socio-Economic Model: Does the Paradigm Really Converge?" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020064.

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Although the European business environment induces important premises and assures conditions in determining economic growth and social well-being, the determinant and existent connections between the evolution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), business demography characteristics and the European socio-economic model have been scarcely studied in recent years. The dimensions of the European socio-economic model design a very specific framework in developing business demography and assuring a favorable environment for future SME development. The main aim of the manuscript is to investigate the evolution of the European SMEs sector and the perspective of business demography evolution to converge with exigencies of the European socio-economic model. In order to argue the research objective, eight specific and representative business demography variables were employed, from 12 European Union member states (EU-MS), during 2009–2017. Further, the SMEs’ performances, determined by changing the economic functional paradigm, were assessed. For proving this, an econometric model was designed considering labor productivity as an endogenous variable. Our preliminary analysis shows considerable differences in business demography indicators and SMEs development among all five socio-economic sub-models of the main European socio-economic model, proving a tight connection between European socio-economic models and SMEs’ performance and arguing the necessity of a paradigm convergence. Within some sub-models, there is clear evidence of clustering and convergence in terms of business demography and SMEs future development.
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Keating, Michael, and Malcolm Harvey. "The Political Economy of Small European States: And Lessons for Scotland." National Institute Economic Review 227 (February 2014): R54—R66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011422700107.

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An independent Scotland would be a small European state. Small states may be at a disadvantage in world markets but can also adapt successfully. There are different modes of adaptation, notably the market-liberal mode and the social investment state. Either mode is dependent on internal institutions, social relationships and modes of policymaking. It is not possible to pick and choose items of different models since they have an internal coherence. The Scottish White Paper on independence supports the social investment state. Scotland has some, but not all, of the prerequisites for this so that independence would require internal adaptation.
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Safaynikou, Hamid, Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri, Ahmad Sabahi, and Mohammad Javad Razmi. "Modeling the Effective Factors on Bank Loans Default Rate UsingDelphi, SEM and Tobit Techniques (Evidence from Iran)." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 4 (January 24, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n4p13.

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Banks entering a developing market face a lot of uncertainty about the risks involved in lending. This paper models the effective factors on default rate (DR) loans to small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Iran based on the case study of branches of Melli Bank in Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose a set of data about loans made to 300 SMEs between years 2004 to 2015 and Delphi, SEM and Tobit models were applied. Results of Delphi technique indicated that 48 factors affect the DR. The structural equation model (SEM) estimations showed that between 10 latent variables which describe the DR, the “loans properties” latent variable have the most effect. Also, findings of Tobit econometric model stated that between 48 variables which affect the DR, “loan volume” variable has the most effect. These and other factors emphasize the need for SMEs credit scoring in developing countries.
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Ramirez, Octavio A., Samarendu Mohanty, Carlos E. Carpio, and Megan Denning. "Issues and Strategies for Aggregate Supply Response Estimation for Policy Analyses." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 2 (August 2004): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080002664x.

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We demonstrate the use of the small-sample econometrics principles and strategies to come up with reliable yield and acreage models for policy analyses. We focus on demonstrating the importance of proper representation of systematic and random components of the model for improving forecasting precision along with more reliable confidence intervals for the forecasts. A probability distribution function modeling approach, which has been shown to provide more reliable confidence intervals for the dependent variable forecasts than the standard models that assume error term normality, is used to estimate cotton supply response in the Southeastern United States.
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Kuz'min, D. "Risk Factors in Equilibrium Models of Open Economies." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-9-23-28.

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World liquidity crisis, which started in the USA in 2007, is reputed to be the first full-fledged global financial crisis. The liquidity crisis became global exactly due to the influence of large economies' national financial markets on many small ones. The analysis of the crisis expansion and development in these states (the USA, China, Iceland, Mexico, CEE countries) demonstrated that not only working accounts and reserves, but also foreign and internal borrowings, and therefore, household consumption, investments and government consumption proved to be affected by cyclic processes.
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Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Arvind Patel, Selvin Prasad, and Nikeel N. Kumar. "Profitability Determinants of the Insurance Sector in Small Pacific Island States: A Study of Fiji’s Insurance Companies." Engineering Economics 33, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.33.3.19583.

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We examine the determinants of profitability of insurance companies in Fiji as a reference country. In Fiji, insurance companies and the services have grown over the years. The study uses a financial evaluation approach. Profitability is measured by the return on assets and the return on equity. Using the two measures and the data published in the key disclosure statements as a mandatory requirement by the Reserve Bank of Fiji, we develop regression models. The fixed-effects regression model and a balanced panel are considered for the analysis. The sample comprises eight insurance companies’ financial data over the period 2010-2015. First, a base model is estimated, followed by additional models which include interaction effects as part of the sensitivity analysis and further insights. The general outcome of the estimation is that premium income, underwriting expenses, administrative expenses, and volume of capital are positively associated with profitability, whereas leverage measured by total liability over equity, and contingent liability are negatively associated with profitability. Inclusion of interaction effects provides results consistent with the base model. The study is a first attempt to analyse Fiji’s insurance sectors and provides useful information in terms of financial management of the sector. The findings can assist the insurance sector and the policy makers to formulate strategies for revenue and cost management.
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Gallant, A. Ronald, Han Hong, and Ahmed Khwaja. "A Bayesian approach to estimation of dynamic models with small and large number of heterogeneous players and latent serially correlated states." Journal of Econometrics 203, no. 1 (March 2018): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2017.04.004.

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Faraglia, Elisa, Albert Marcet, Rigas Oikonomou, and Andrew Scott. "Government Debt Management: The Long and the Short of It." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 6 (October 17, 2018): 2554–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy061.

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Abstract Standard optimal Debt Management (DM) models prescribe a dominant role for long bonds and advocate against issuing short bonds. They require very large positions in order to complete markets and assume each period that governments repurchase all outstanding bonds and reissue (r/r) new ones. These features of DM are inconsistent with U.S. data. We introduce incomplete markets via small transaction costs which serves to make optimal DM more closely resemble the data : r/r are negligible, short bond issuance substantial and persistent and short and long bonds positively co-vary. Intuitively, long bonds help smooth taxes over states and short bonds over time. Solving incomplete market models with multiple assets is challenging so a further contribution of this article is introducing a novel computational method to find global solutions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Eadie, Edward Norman. "Small resource stock share price behaviour and prediction." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09CM/09cme11.pdf.

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Walter, Jason Michael. "Determinants of Bilateral Trade between the United States and Japan." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29311.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of macroeconomic policy variables on bilateral trade between the United States and Japan. An auto-regressive distributed lag model is developed to estimate the effects of government economic policies on four commodity groups: agriculture; materials and chemicals; machinery and transport equipment; and manufactured goods. Results indicate that monetary policy significantly affects U. S. and Japanese imports of manufactured goods and transport equipment. The results also show that changes in government expenditure have a significant long-run effect on U.S. imports of manufactured goods and Japanese imports of materials and chemicals, while the long-run effects of income and exchange rates are significant for most commodity groups.
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Spurway, Kayleigh Fay Nanette. "A study of the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model's appilcability across four countries." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013016.

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Historically, the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Method (C-CAPM) has performed poorly in that estimated parameters are implausible, model restrictions are often rejected and inferences appear to be very sensitive to the choice of economic agents' preferences. In this study, we estimate and test the C-CAPM with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) using time series data from Germany, South Africa, Britain and America during relatively short time periods with the latest available data sets. Hansen's GMM approach is applied to estimate the parameters arising from this model. In general, estimated parameters fall outside the bounds specified by Lund & Engsted (1996) and Cuthbertson & Nitzsche (2004), even though the models are not rejected by the J-test and are associated with relatively small minimum distances.
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Bose, Gopal Krishna 1955. "Model selection : an optimal approach to constructing a penalty function in small samples." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8728.

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Shelley, Gary L. "A switching analysis of United States monetary policy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39969.

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Glazyrina, Anna. "Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29848.

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This study examines the importance of public research and development (R&D) expenditures and innovations (prices) to U S agricultural productivity employing panel vector error correction econometric technique Specifically, time-series and panel unit root tests, panel cointegration procedures, panel causality tests, and vector error correction model are used in the analysis. Empirical application to U S state-level data for 1960-2004 suggests positive and statistically significant influence of both supply-side drivers, in the form of public R&D expenditures, and demand-side drivers, in the form of innovations (prices), on total factor productivity growth.
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Ji, Inyeob Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Essays on testing some predictions of RBC models and the stationarity of real interest rates." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41441.

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This dissertation contains a series of essays that provide empirical evidence for Australia on some fundamental predictions of real business cycle models and on the convergence and persistence of real interest rates. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the issues examined in each chapter and provides an overview of the methodologies that are used. Tests of various basic predictions of standard real business cycle models for Australia are presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 considers the question of great ratios for Australia. These are ratios of macroeconomic variables that are predicted by standard models to be stationary in the steady state. Using time series econometric techniques (unit root tests and cointegration tests) Australia great ratios are examined. In Chapter 3 a more restrictive implication of real business cycle models than the existence of great ratios is considered. Following the methodology proposed by Canova, Finn and Pagan (1994) the equilibrium decision rules for some standard real business cycle are tested on Australian data. The final essay on this topic is presented in Chapter 4. In this chapter a large-country, small-country is used to try and understand the reason for the sharp rise in Australia??s share of world output that began around 1990. Chapter 5 discusses real interest rate linkages in the Pacific Basin region. Vector autoregressive models and bootstrap methods are adopted to study financial linkages between East Asian markets, Japan and US. Given the apparent non-stationarity of real interest rates a related issue is examined in Chapter 6, viz. the persistence of international real interest rates and estimation of their half-life. Half-life is selected as a means of measuring persistence of real rates. Bootstrap methods are employed to overcome small sample issues in the estimation and a non-standard statistical inference methodology (Highest Density Regions) is adopted. Chapter 7 reapplies the High Density Regions methodology and bootstrap half-life estimation to the data used in Chapters 2 and 5. This provides a robustness check on the results of standard unit root tests that were applied to the data in those chapters. Main findings of the thesis are as follows. The long run implications of real business cycle models are largely rejected by the Australia data. This finding holds for both the existence of great ratios and when the explicit decision rules are employed. When the small open economy features of the Australian economy are incorporated in a two country RBC model, a country-specific productivity boom seems to provide a possible explanation for the rise in Australia??s share of world output. The essays that examine real interest rates suggest the following results. Following the East Asian financial crisis in 1997-98 there appears to have been a decline in the importance of Japan in influencing developments in the Pacific Basin region. In addition there is evidence that following the crisis Korea??s financial market became less insular and more integrated with the US. Finally results obtained from the half-life estimators suggest that despite the usual findings from unit root tests, real interest rates may in fact exhibit mean-reversion.
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Peterson, Erica Kay. "An Econometric Analysis of Cost Changes in U.S. Trucking and the Implications of Implementing the NAFTA Trucking Provisions." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29800.

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The United States trucking industry underwent deregulation starting in 1980. There was much opposition to the process in fears that trucking companies would be adversely affected by increased competition. There were also many proponents and researchers who proved that the increased competition due to regulatory reform only helped strengthen the industry by forcing firms to become more cost efficient. There has been similar opposition and support for the trucking provisions of NAFTA. Although the provisions have not been fully implemented, the trucking industry is well aware it will only be a matter of time. In early 2002 it was announced that the process to begin implementing the trucking provisions would begin in mid-2002. Many in the industry and other groups have opposed implementing the provisions, concerned that U.S. trucking firms would be subject to competition from Mexican firms, just as they feared trucking firms would be adversely affected by deregulation more than 25 years ago. This thesis analyzes the effects the 2002 announcement of the process to begin implementing the trucking provisions has had on the cost structure of the industry. It uses a translog cost function to determine if firms have become more efficient in the years following the announcement in anticipation of increased competition from Mexican firms after the provisions are fully implemented. The translog cost function is used to determine what effects the NAFTA variable has had on costs and what specific operating characteristics have caused the costs to increase or decrease.
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Power, Bernadette. "Factors which foster the survival of long-lived small firms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14113.

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This thesis focuses on those factors which foster the long-run survival, or continued existence, of the small firm. Using fieldwork methods, new data were gathered in face-to-face interviews with 63 owner-managers of mature small firms in Scotland (average age of 251/2 years). An instrument incorporating novel ways of calibrating organisational change and performance was designed specifically for this study. The unique body of data enabled a number of new hypotheses to be tested in structural econometric models of small firm performance and growth. A mix of quantitative and qualitative data was also used to construct illustrative case studies of seven enterprise profiles. New measures of flexibility and firm-specific turbulence are used to explain the performance of mature small firms, and Heckman sample selection estimation is undertaken of this performance equation. Performance was measured using an index constructed fi-om Likert scales over 28 distinct attributes. It was found that firm- specific turbulence had a large negative effect on performance. Measures of flexibility (viz. agility and speed) enhanced the long run prospects of the mature small firm. Evidence of a trade-off relationship was found between measures of flexibility. Real options logic was found to be useful in interpreting the results. This evidence indicated that entrepreneurs should be alert to precipitators of organisational change, but should not act impulsively in responding to them. The tendency of the long-lived small firm to remain small is considered using structural modelling techniques. In a three-equation simultaneous model, performance, size and a third variable (viz. market extent and size of competitive strategy space) are jointly determined. An array of system estimation techniques (e.g. 2SLS, SSLS, H3SLS) was employed to estimate the behavioural models. A trade-off is found between firm size and performance, thus embedding this result in a larger structural model. It is found that small firms need to adjust downwards in size, and to cultivate a varied competitive strategy in niche or localised markets, to attain higher equilibrium values of performance and to promote longevity.
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Kremers, Jeroen Joseph Marie. "On the determination and macroeconomic consequences of public financial policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8c0cb20-b178-4e80-9a46-fcb1079a4a9f.

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This study develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of regular patterns in public financial behaviour, and applies that framework in an empirical assessment of budgetary policies in the United States and in the Netherlands. Its purpose and scope are threefold. First, it sheds theoretical light on economic considerations guiding public financial behaviour in a dynamic model of optimal taxation. The resulting idea, that it may be sensible to smooth taxation over time,is subsequently extended to a more general model of the public finances, which involves spending, taxation, debt and money creation in an effort to control the government budget. Second, using modern econometric methods the practical relevance of this model is illustrated with estimations for the United States and the Netherlands. Third, the model is sufficiently flexible to allow for a number of more institutional insights. In this respect the emphasis is placed on the Dutch economy and public finances. The thesis thus engages economic theory, econometric technique and institutional and macroeconomic background in a combined effort to understand and evaluate regular patterns in public financial behaviour. Its findings have implications for each of these three areas of economic interest.
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Books on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Alesina, Alberto. Openness, country size and the government. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Cha, Baekin. External debt dynamics of a small open debtor economy. Kowloon, Hong Kong: City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, 1993.

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Aghion, Philippe. Financial development and the instability of open economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Martirena-Mantel, Ana María. Apertura financiera-real, sustitución monetaria y política cambiaria en la economía pequeña. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, 1985.

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Cha, Baekin. Dynamic effects of a terms-of-trade shock on a small open economy. Kowloon, Hong Kong: City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, 1993.

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Alesina, Alberto. Economic integration and political disintegration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Schmitt-Grohe, Stephanie. Closing small open economy models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Buchinsky, Moshe. Wage mobility in the United States. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Farber, Henry S. Union membership in the United States: The decline continues. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Farber, Henry S. Union membership in the United States: The decline continues. Princeton: Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Peters, Thomas A. "The Finite Sample Moments of OLS in Dynamic Models when Disturbances are Small." In Time Series and Econometric Modelling, 339–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4790-0_22.

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Maximova, Maria, Sven Schneider, and Holger Giese. "Compositional Analysis of Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 196–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_10.

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AbstractThe analysis of behavioral models is of high importance for cyber-physical systems, as the systems often encompass complex behavior based on e.g. concurrent components with mutual exclusion or probabilistic failures on demand. The rule-based formalism of probabilistic timed graph transformation systems is a suitable choice when the models representing states of the system can be understood as graphs and timed and probabilistic behavior is important. However, model checking PTGTSs is limited to systems with rather small state spaces.We present an approach for the analysis of large-scale systems modeled as probabilistic timed graph transformation systems by systematically decomposing their state spaces into manageable fragments. To obtain qualitative and quantitative analysis results for a large-scale system, we verify that results obtained for its fragments serve as overapproximations for the corresponding results of the large-scale system. Hence, our approach allows for the detection of violations of qualitative and quantitative safety properties for the large-scale system under analysis. We consider a running example in which we model shuttles driving on tracks of a large-scale topology and for which we verify that shuttles never collide and are unlikely to execute emergency brakes. In our evaluation, we apply an implementation of our approach to the running example.
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Jawad, Muhammad, and Munazza Naz. "An Econometric Investigation of Market Volatility and Efficiency: A Study of Small Cap’s Stock Indices." In Linear and Non-Linear Financial Econometrics -Theory and Practice [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94119.

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By utilization the context of econometric models, this chapter investigates three significant research parameters and tries to find out the positive outcome for further studies. The first question, is the volatility of Small Cap foreseeable?. The second question, does the volatility of Small Cap exhibition the same pragmatic regularities stated in the literature about the behavior of further stock prices?, The third and Final question, can Small Cap clear the test of market efficiency?. The results of these research questions will provide the answers of following objectives: First, economic representatives investing in Small Cap Stock markets. Second, the business professors/professionals/educationist is more concerned in Small Cap for their teaching and research. Third, the policy makers who are observing the stock market volatilities because of its significances and impulsive behavior to invest for more incentives among other consequences.
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Draper, D. A. G. "Unemployment in a Small Macroeconomic Disequilibrium Model." In Explaining Unemployment: Econometric Models for the Netherlands, 13–65. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0573-8555(1998)0000250008.

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Draper, D. A. G. "Equilibrium Unemployment in a Small Theoretical Model." In Explaining Unemployment: Econometric Models for the Netherlands, 97–122. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0573-8555(1998)0000250010.

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Draper, D. A. G. "The equilibrium unemployment rate in a small economical model." In Explaining Unemployment: Econometric Models for the Netherlands, 233–66. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0573-8555(1998)0000250015.

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Adams, F. Gerard, and Lawrence R. Klein. "Performance of Quarterly Econometric Models of the United States: A New Round of Model Comparisons." In Comparative Performance of U.S. Econometric Models, 18–60. Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195057720.003.0002.

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"A Brief History of Evolving Wharton Models 1961–2000." In Klein's Last Quarterly Econometric Model of the United States, 1–5. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813230545_0001.

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Sengupta, Jhumur. "Application of Econometrics in Business Research." In Applications of Big Data in Large- and Small-Scale Systems, 137–59. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6673-2.ch010.

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The last few years have seen great developments in econometrics for a better understanding of economic phenomena. The range of areas in which econometric models are successfully applied has steadily widened including finance and business management. Econometric analysis is concerned with the quantitative relationships between economic variables and it can provide an important input into the decision-making process. The range of areas in which econometric models are successfully applied has steadily widened including finance and business management. Econometrics has enhanced our understanding of the way the managerial decision works. Econometrics is used in doing quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on theory and observations. An economic model is based on a set of assumptions to simplify the complex economic phenomena. This chapter is an attempt to review the application of econometrics using business data. The main objective of this chapter is to chart the application of this science in various fields of business management.
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Harding, Don, and Adrian Pagan. "Using the Recurrent Event Binary States to Examine Economic Modeling Issues." In The Econometric Analysis of Recurrent Events in Macroeconomics and Finance. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167084.003.0008.

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This chapter looks at using the binary states describing the recurrent events to help in either constructing economic models of time series or evaluating the fit of such models. The chapter provides a general discussion of the issues that come up when using the binary states in regressions. It then turns to the analysis of complete economic models. In these it is very common to see variance decompositions computed and used to draw conclusions about which shocks are responsible for the recurrent events. It is shown that this methodology is flawed when it comes to shedding light on what causes the business cycle. What can be done is investigated in the chapter, which illustrates how to determine which shocks are important to a matching of the business cycle features discussed in Chapter 5. The discussion moves on to some economic models that have been constructed in the wake of the global financial crisis and which aim to highlight the role of financial shocks.
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Conference papers on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Tsvil, Mariya, Ella Guleva, and Margarita Zubkova. "ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME OF MUTUAL TRADE OF THE EAEU MEMBER STATES." In Economy of Russia: problems, trends, forecasts. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_61cc296bccac42.37597958.

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The article provides econometric time series models for the volumes of mutual trade of the EAEU member states based on quarterly data from the 1st quarter of 2017 to the 3rd quarter of 2021. An exponential smoothing model and a multiplicative model are built. Also, a forecast was made for the volume of mutual trade in the IV quarter of 2021
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Fritts, Zachary, and Anthony Grbic. "Circuit Models for Electrically-Small Time-Varying Spherical Scatterers." In 2022 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm57467.2022.9881456.

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Gloeckner, D. Claire, and Michael S. Sacks. "Biaxial Fiber Kinematics and Structural Constitutive Modeling of Small Intestinal Submucosa." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0164.

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Abstract Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been studied as a potential biomaterial for use in tissue engineering applications. Extracted from the mammalian small bowel, it consists of two collagen fiber populations at ∼±30° from the longitudinal axis. We have previously investigated the biaxial mechanical properties of SIS (Sacks and Gloeckner, 1998), which were comparable to other bioprosthetic biomaterials. Our long-term goal is to develop structural constitutive models of implantable biomaterials made from SIS and other acellular materials. These models can aid in determining how well a biomaterial will perform in the virgin and remodeled states. Structural models require quantitative morphologic information, especially fiber structure and kinematics. In this study, we examined the change in the fiber kinematics at different states of biaxial stretch and developed an initial structural constitutive model for SIS.
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Cook, Gary A. S., and Naresh R. Pandit. "Clustering and the internationalisation of high technology small firms in film and television." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268488363.

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This paper draws together three strands of literature, that on clustering, entrepreneurship and international business, examining the relationship between these three in promoting firm formation and growth within clusters. The evidence drawn on includes econometric models based on the unique International Trade in Services Film and Television dataset, an in-depth interview survey and questionnaire survey. The key conclusions are firstly that strong clusters promote entrepreneurship, which in turn promotes cluster strength in a self-reinforcing dynamic. Secondly, some firms are better able than others to benefit from cluster location due to superior firm competencies and absorptive capacity. Thirdly, cluster strength and internationalization are mutually reinforcing. Cluster strength contributes to the ability of entrepreneurial firms to expand overseas via export sales, licensing and FDI. Evidence is presented which indicates firms have greater intensity of export and import activity if they have resource-strengths, some of which are derived from their membership of a strong cluster. Strong clusters also attract multinationals and in the case of the London media cluster, although those multinationals appear somewhat less embedded than non-MNEs, they are nevertheless quite strongly embedded. This means that there is a second important feedback loop as spillovers from MNEs to local firms enhances cluster strength which attracts further multinationals. The acquisition of high performing firms by overseas MNEs does not appear to have reduced either their performance or their embeddedness in the cluster. Fourthly, the nature of internationalization strategies are conditioned by firm and industry characteristics. In particular, the extent to which tacit knowledge is embodied in a product emerges as being influential in terms of the decision of which internationalisation mode to use. Finally, the resource-based view of the firm emerges as a useful integrative framework for understanding the interplay between clusters, entrepreneurship and internationalisation strategies.
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De La Fuente-Mella, Hanns, Claudio Elórtegui Gómez, and Ignacio Milies Valdivia. "Analysis of the Variables that Affect China's Presence in International News in the Context of Coronavirus." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002288.

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Western media coverage of Covid19 had a focus of special interest in China during 2020, due to globalization and the pandemic nature of the crisis. The news agendas deepened and debated the responsibility of the Asian power in the spread of the disease. However, China's international attitude and diplomatic actions based on donations of medical supplies and vaccine development also began to spread. The research uses econometric models in linear probability to determine which are the main variables that explain Chinese public diplomacy in the news of 24 countries. The investigation shows that the western media give China a high level of interference in the origin of the pandemic. However, the results indicate that certain features of Chinese public diplomacy entered significantly in the news that mentioned the Asian giant, spreading a type of international leadership that disputes positions with the global hegemony of the United States.
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Beretta, Gian Paolo, and Nicolas G. Hadjiconstantinou. "Steepest Entropy Ascent Models of the Boltzmann Equation: Comparisons With Hard-Sphere Dynamics and Relaxation-Time Models for Homogeneous Relaxation From Highly Non-Equilibrium States." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64905.

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We present a family of steepest entropy ascent (SEA) models of the Boltzmann equation. The models preserve the usual collision invariants (mass, momentum, energy), as well as the non-negativity of the phase-space distribution, and have a strong built-in thermodynamic consistency, i.e., they entail a general H-theorem valid even very far from equilibrium. This family of models features a molecular-speed-dependent collision frequency; each variant can be shown to approach a corresponding BGK model with the same variable collision frequency in the limit of small deviation from equilibrium. This includes power-law dependence on the molecular speed for which the BGK model is known to have a Prandtl number that can be adjusted via the power-law exponent. We compare numerical solutions of the constant and velocity-dependent collision frequency variants of the SEA model with the standard relaxation-time model and a Monte Carlo simulation of the original Boltzmann collision operator for hard spheres for homogeneous relaxation from near-equilibrium and highly non-equilibrium states. Good agreement is found between all models in the near-equilibrium regime. However, for initial states that are far from equilibrium, large differences are found; this suggests that the maximum entropy production statistical ansatz is not equivalent to Boltzmann collisional dynamics and needs to be modified or augmented via additional constraints or structure.
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Larsen, Kjell, Tjerand Vigesdal, Rune Bjørkli, and Oddgeir Dalane. "Mooring of Semi Submersibles in Extreme Sea States: Simplified Models for Wave Drift Forces and Low Frequency Damping." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77178.

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This paper presents results from extensive small-scale model testing of three semi submersibles together with an overview of damping contributions of low frequency motions. The objectives of the model tests were to verify empirical correction formulas for viscous wave drift forces and to recommend and validate theoretical low frequency damping models. The main parameters of the semis such as displacement, number of columns and diameter of columns were intentionally varied in order to assess the effects on total wave drift forces and corresponding damping. The results show that viscous effects significantly increase the total wave drift forces in extreme sea states. The presence of current increases the effect. As expected, the viscous contribution to wave drift is especially important for semis with slender columns. A revised empirical correction formula for wave drift forces is proposed based on model test results. An overview of the different low frequency damping effects is given. Damping from viscous forces on the hull and damping from the mooring system are the most important sources of damping for the moored semis. A simplified model to calculate mooring system damping is proposed. For accurate prediction of low frequency motions of moored semi submersibles in extreme sea states, a damping level in the range 40–70% of critical damping should be applied for surge and sway when the empirical correction formulas for wave drift forces are applied.
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Barr, Kyla N., Craig J. Goergen, Maj Hedehus, Junya Azuma, Charles A. Taylor, Philip S. Tsao, and Joan M. Greve. "Quantification of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease Progression Using Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19009.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease, defined as a pathological dilation of the vessel wall, is responsible for 15,000 deaths per year in the United States. Human AAA are often asymmetric, typically expanding anteriorly as the posterior region is supported by the vertebral column [1]. Other work has shown that healthy thoracic aortic motion is also asymmetric in pigs and humans [2]. Two commonly used murine models induce AAA growth with either the infusion of angiotensin II (angII) [3] or intra-arterial perfusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) into the aortic lumen [4]. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between vessel motion, circumferential cyclic strain, and aneurysm growth in two different murine models of AAA disease using small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Hacıoğlu Deniz, Müjgan, and Kutluk Kağan Sümer. "The Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Foreign Trade Revenue and National Income: A Comparative Analysis on Selected Eurasian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01362.

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The aim of this study is to identify the effects of the volatility of oil prices and exchange rates on foreign trade revenue of a few selected Eurasian Economies. These countries are oil and natural gas exporting countries and getting most of their trade revenue from exporting these commodities. The effects of sharply falling oil prices since June 2014 and depreciating exchange rates on these countries’ external trade were analyzed by using alternative econometric models. The sample of this analysis covered the period from June 2014 when oil prices has started falling sharply – till June 2015 in which still world oil price is lower than the price of 140-150 dollars for per gallon in the previous years. Decreasing prices basically destabilize the revenues of these states since approximately two third (2/3) of their export revenue and substantial part of their budget revenue that comes from oil and natural gas. In Russian economy falling prices of oil depreciates both public revenue and economic activity. This means predominantly depending on one commodity for export and foreign trade makes these countries’ economies in dependence of that commodity’s price and makes these economies so vulnerable to global crisis and price volatilities. In order to avoid from this situation, these countries should divert their production and increase in variety for exporting goods.
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Wang, Yong-Yi, Ming Liu, Yaxin Song, and David Horsley. "Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design of Pipelines." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84241.

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This paper covers the development of tensile strain design models using a multidisciplinary approach, including fundamental fracture mechanics, small-scale material characterization tests, and large-scale tests of full-size pipes. The tensile strain design models are formulated in a four-level format. The Level 1 procedure provides estimated tensile strain capacity (TSC) in a tabular format for quick initial assessment. The initiation toughness alternatively termed apparent toughness is estimated from upper shelf Charpy impact energy. The Level 2 procedure contains a set of parametric equations based on an initiation-control limit state. The tensile strain capacity can be computed from these equations with the input of a pipe’s dimensional and material property parameters. The apparent toughness is estimated from either upper shelf Charpy energy or upper shelf toughness of standard CTOD test specimens. The Level 3 procedure uses the same set of equations as in Level 2 and the toughness values are obtained from low-constraint tests. In the Level 3 procedure, two limit states based on either initiation control or ductile instability can be used. The Level 4 procedure allows the use of direct FEA calculation to develop crack driving force relations. The same limit states as those in Level 3 may be used. The Level 4 procedures should only be used by seasoned experts in special circumstances where lower level procedures are judged inappropriate. The tensile strain design models may be used for the following purposes: (1) The determination of tensile strain capacity for a given set of material properties and flaw size. (2) The determination of acceptable flaw sizes for a given set of material properties and target tensile strain capacity. (3) The selection of material properties to achieve a target strain capacity for a given flaw size. (4) The optimization of the tensile strain capacity by balancing the requirements of material parameters, such as weld strength (thus weld strength mismatch level) versus toughness. The application of the tensile strain design models is given in a companion paper.
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Reports on the topic "States, Small Econometric models"

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Berkman, Nancy D., Eva Chang, Julie Seibert, Rania Ali, Deborah Porterfield, Linda Jiang, Roberta Wines, Caroline Rains, and Meera Viswanathan. Management of High-Need, High-Cost Patients: A “Best Fit” Framework Synthesis, Realist Review, and Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer246.

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Background. In the United States, patients referred to as high-need, high-cost (HNHC) constitute a very small percentage of the patient population but account for a disproportionally high level of healthcare use and cost. Payers, health systems, and providers would like to improve the quality of care and health outcomes for HNHC patients and reduce their costly use of potentially preventable or modifiable healthcare services, including emergency department (ED) and hospital visits. Methods. We assessed evidence of criteria that identify HNHC patients (best fit framework synthesis); developed program theories on the relationship among contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of interventions intended to change HNHC patient behaviors (realist review); and assessed the effectiveness of interventions (systematic review). We searched databases, gray literature, and other sources for evidence available from January 1, 2000, to March 4, 2021. We included quantitative and qualitative studies of HNHC patients (high healthcare use or cost) age 18 and over who received intervention services in a variety of settings. Results. We included 110 studies (117 articles). Consistent with our best fit framework, characteristics associated with HNHC include patient chronic clinical conditions, behavioral health factors including depression and substance use disorder, and social risk factors including homelessness and poverty. We also identified prior healthcare use and race as important predictors. We found limited evidence of approaches for distinguishing potentially preventable or modifiable high use from all high use. To understand how and why interventions work, we developed three program theories in our realist review that explain (1) targeting HNHC patients, (2) engaging HNHC patients, and (3) engaging care providers in these interventions. Theories identify the need for individualizing and tailoring services for HNHC patients and the importance of building trusting relationships. For our systematic review, we categorized evidence based on primary setting. We found that ED-, primary care–, and home-based care models result in reduced use of healthcare services (moderate to low strength of evidence [SOE]); ED, ambulatory intensive caring unit, and primary care-based models result in reduced costs (low SOE); and system-level transformation and telephonic/mail models do not result in changes in use or costs (low SOE). Conclusions. Patient characteristics can be used to identify patients who are potentially HNHC. Evidence focusing specifically on potentially preventable or modifiable high use was limited. Based on our program theories, we conclude that individualized and tailored patient engagement and resources to support care providers are critical to the success of interventions. Although we found evidence of intervention effectiveness in relation to cost and use, the studies identified in this review reported little information for determining why individual programs work, for whom, and when.
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Garcia-Bernardo, Javier, and Petr Janský. Profit Shifting of Multinational Corporations Worldwide. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.005.

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Multinational corporations (MNCs) avoid taxes by shifting their profits from countries where real activity takes place towards tax havens, depriving governments worldwide of billions of tax revenue. Earlier research investigating the scale and distribution of profit shifting has faced methodological and data challenges, both of which we address. First, we propose a logarithmic function to model the extremely non-linear relationship between the location of profits and tax rates faced by MNCs at those locations – that is, the extreme concentration of profits without corresponding economic activity in a small number of low-tax jurisdictions. We show that the logarithmic model allows for a more accurate identification of profit shifting than linear and quadratic models. Second, we apply the logarithmic model to newly available country-by-country reporting data for large MNCs – this provides information on the activities of large MNCs, including for the first time many low- and lower-middle-income countries. We estimate that MNCs shifted US$1 trillion of profits to tax havens in 2016, which implies approximately US$200-300 billion in tax revenue losses worldwide. MNCs headquartered in the United States and Bermuda are the most aggressive at shifting profits towards tax havens, while MNCs headquartered in India, China, Mexico and South Africa the least. We establish which countries gain and lose most from profit shifting: the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, Bermuda, Hong Kong and the Netherlands are among the most important tax havens, whereas low- and lower-middle-income countries tend to lose more tax revenue relative to their total tax revenue. Our findings thus support the arguments of low- and lower-middle-income countries that they should be represented on an equal footing during international corporate tax reform debates.
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