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PERUCCA, GIOVANNI. "RELIABILITY OF STATED PREFERENCE METHODS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153780.
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Many times governments and policy makers have to choose among different projects or policies to implement. In principle, the best choice is the one which maximizes the social welfare that, in turn, depends on individual preferences. But very often preferences are unknown and even not observable.
In practice, a common procedure is to directly ask a sample of individuals about their preferences, which are therefore stated by agents rather than revealed by their behaviour. Methods for preference revelation can be classified into two broad families.
The first one involves the case in which respondents are asked to simulate their market behaviour in a fictitious context designed by the researcher. The final goal of these studies is the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP), or willingness to accept (WTA), for changes in provision of non-market goods. A large literature investigates both theoretical issues connected with these procedures (Bates, 1988) and empirical results from country experiences (Mackie at al., 2003).
The second family of surveys are commonly employed in public opinion analysis. In this case respondents are asked to reveal their current attitudes, whilst in some circumstances they are required to state their satisfaction with a certain policy or service. In the last decades the interest towards such analysis largely increased and a broad amount of surveys have been systematically collected (Rabin, 2002).
Whatever the kind of analysis, when individuals correctly report the behaviour they would keep in a real context, or honestly admit their attitudes and perceptions, the target of the policy maker is reached. Hence, the issue of reliability of stated preferences becomes crucial in order to understand what we can learn from surveys and how SP analysis can be exploited by policy makers.
Our research question is simply the following one: can we trust in SP methods?
In order to answer this question the work is organised in three sections.
The first one is devoted to the definition of the concept of “reliability”. In the first place, the latter depends on the family of SP methods we are dealing with.
When individuals are required to replicate their market behaviour in a fictitious scenario, two perspectives can be applied: the first one based on mainstream economic theory (Hicks and Allen, 1934) and the other one in accordance to the so called behavioural programme (Sunstein and Thaler, 2008). Both approaches are discussed, pointing out the problematic issues which characterise each methodology and trying to propose a definition for the concept of reliability.
The second family of surveys can be classified into two sub-groups, based on the object of the analysis. The first group includes all situations where agents are required to reveal their actual behaviour (Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2001) while the second one is composed by those studies in which agents are asked to express their feelings or perceptions about a certain aspect of their life (McFadden et al. 2005). Again, the concept of reliability has been investigated for each group of surveys.
The second and the third sections are devoted to empirical works which try, recalling the definition of reliability suggested in the first chapter, to apply this concept to empirical studies.
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Moore, L. "Retail modelling : A stated preference approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379497.
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Vosper, Jane. "Using stated preference choice modelling to determine treatment preferences : investigating preferences for depression treatment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559707.
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Background & Aim The PhD aimed to quantify preferences for depression treatments using Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs). A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between demographic variables, psychological variables and preferences. Methods & Analysis Two DCEs were designed and administered, investigating preferences for treatment of depression by: (1) a drug and (2) a physical activity intervention. The DCE designs were informed by focus groups and qualitative interviews. A best-worst scaling DCE was used for both studies. The physical activity intervention DCE was included in the baseline questionnaire of an RCT at the University of Bristol. Demographic information and psychological measures (including BDI scores) were analysed alongside the DCE. The drug treatment DCE was distributed as a postal questionnaire to a general population sample of 5000. Psychological measures of illness and medicine beliefs as well as the BDI were included in the questionnaire. Demographic data were also collected. Quantitative data were analysed primarily using conditional logistic regression. Results Results from the Physical activity DCE (for 152 patients) indicated that on average, patients particularly valued key aspects of the intervention, such as small goals, fitting activity into daily routine and having support over the intervention itself (being one giving choice of activity rather than exercise on prescription). Results from Drug study DCE (for 425 respondents) revealed a particular desire for no side-effects: large improvements in likely effectiveness are required to compensate respondents for non-zero risks of these. Heterogeneity analysis for both studies revealed effects of a number of demographic and psychological variables on preferences for attributes of depression treatment. Discussion Results of both studies are discussed in terms of their policy relevance and also from a methodological angle. The implications the results have on the use of DCEs in health care is considered.
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Abley, Jennifer. "Stated preference techniques and consumer choice behaviour." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4063.
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This PhD thesis examines the way in which individuals make choices during stated
preference experiments (commonly referred subsets of which are called stated choice
methods, conjoint analysis and trade-off analysis). Stated preference experiments ask
respondents to rank, rate or choose between different product/service options, which
are made up of a number of attribute mixes. The responses made by individuals
within these experiments allow researchers to estimate consumer preferences.
This thesis traces the historical background of stated preference experiments, from the
field of utility theory and experimental economics. An understanding of this
historical background explains the reliance by practitioners on the assumption that
respondents make rational choices during the stated preference experiment (where all
the information presented to them within the experiment is traded off in order to come
to an overall preference). In light of considerable research evidence within the field
of psychology that consumers do not do not conform to this economic concept of
rational choice, and recent criticisms within recent stated preference literature, this
thesis identifies the choice strategies employed by respondents during three stated
preference experiments, where attributes were represented in different ways.
Choice based stated preference experiments designed as the context for this research,
measure consumers preferences for a newly developed fuel-efficient vehicle, with
attributes currently unavailable in the marketplace. The experiments were presented
to respondents as a series of choices between the newly developed vehicle and
another currently available in the marketplace, described in terms of a number of
attributes. The experiments were implemented using `think-aloud' protocol to allow
the identification of respondent's choice strategies.
The research successfully identifies the choice strategies employed by respondents
during the stated preference experiments, and in support of recent criticisms within
stated preference literature, finds significant deviations from the economic concept of
rational choice. Furthermore, significant differences between the choice strategies
employed by respondents are identified between the experiments where the
appearance of the vehicles is represented in different ways. Using response data that
is simulated to mirror the respondent choice strategies identified in each of the three
stated preference experiments, the research tests the implications of these choice
strategies on the estimation of consumer utility models. The research identifies
significant differences between the parameter estimates derived from responses
simulated assuming different choice strategy profiles. The research also identifies
significant improvements in the estimated parameter values when the identified
choice strategies are used in the analysis of the response data, rather than using the
assumption of rational choice as an approximation. This suggests that stated
prelcrence practitioners might improve model estimation by identifying the choice
strategies used by respondents to inform the analysis of stated preference response
data.
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Bilén, David, and Jacob Österlund. "Samhälleliga tidspreferenser : En stated preference-studie med ansatsen att undersöka individers renatidspreferenser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121486.
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Bakgrund: För att ge vägledning till hur samhället skall värdera nutida effekter gentemotframtida, exempelvis att rädda liv eller fördela samhälleliga investeringar, har ekonomergenomfört stated preference-studier med syfte att undersöka individers samhälleligatidspreferenser. Studiernas resultat har producerat en stor variation kring hur individervärderar framtida utfall jämfört med nutida. Resultaten har dock tolkats som att individer,även om tidspreferenserna varierar i storlek, värderar framtida utfall lägre än nutida. ShaneFrederick genomförde 1999 en studie, som Frederick benämnde som ett ”robusthetstest” avden dittills använda metodiken, där han i motsats till tidigare studier inte bara erbjödrespondenterna ett nutida utfall jämfört med ett framtida, utan även erbjöd respondenternaolika sekventiella fördelningar över tid. Resultaten kontrasterade tydligt tidigare studiersresultat, respondenterna föredrog exempelvis att rädda liv fördelat på tre generationer iställetför endast i deras egen – vilket indikerade att respondenterna hade negativa tidspreferenser!Inga uppföljningsstudier har därefter genomförts.Syfte: Att undersöka individers samhälleliga tidspreferenser när de erbjuds sekventiellafördelningar över tid.Metod: Två enkätundersökningar genomfördes vid Linköpings universitet. Respondenternaställdes inför olika sekventiella fördelningar för räddandet av liv och samhälleligaupprustningar, såväl i ett intra- som ett intergenerationsperspektiv.Slutsats: Vi finner ej stöd för att en majoritet av individerna värderar framtida samhälleligaupprustningar eller att rädda framtida liv, lägre än nutida. Vi finner heller ej stöd för attindividers tidspreferenser endast innefattar en preferens för den tidshorisontella absolutafördelningen (nutid gentemot framtid). I både ett intra- och ett intergenerationsperspektivföredrog den största andelen av respondenterna en jämn fördelning över tid. I ettintragenerationsperspektiv, där vi erbjöd individerna olika sekventiella fördelningar över tid,påverkades respondenternas val av den relativa fördelningen över tid. Alla resultatuppvisades för både räddandet av liv och samhälleliga upprustningar.Background: To give guidance for societal policy decisions on how to value future effectscompared to present, economists have used stated preference methodology to measureindividuals’ societal time preferences. The results have produced a great variety in the size ofindividuals’ time preferences, but have in general at least concluded that individuals valuefuture effects less then present. Shane Frederick performed in 1999 what he called a “test ofrobustness” of the methodology used in previous studies. Instead of just offering individualsto choose from an outcome today towards an outcome x years from now, he also offeredrespondents outcomes sequentially spread out across time. The results contradicted those ofprevious studies. For example 80% of the respondents preferred to save 300 lives across 3generations instead of 300 in their own – which implied negative time preferences! Nofurther follow up studies have been performed.Objective: Investigate individuals’ societal time preferences, when they are offeredsequential outcomes over time.Methodology: Two questionnaires where handed out at Linköpings university. Therespondents where offered different sequential outcomes over time for saving lives and whenpublic investments should occur, in as well an intra- as an intergenerational perspective.Conclusion: Our findings do not indicate that a majority of the individuals value savingfuture lives less then present lives, or that they value future public investments less thenfuture investments. Neither do they indicate that individuals’ societal time preferences onlyincorporate the absolute time horizontal aspect. In both an intra- and an intergenerationalperspective the largest fraction of the individuals preferred an equal distribution over time. Inan intragenerational perspective, where we offered individuals different sequentialdistributions, the individuals choice where affected by the relative distribution over time. Allfindings where present both for saving lives and public investments.
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Shay, Nathan Michael. "Investigating Real-Time Employer-Based Ridesharing Preferences Based on Stated Preference Survey Data." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471587439.
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Skedgel, Chris D. "Estimating societal preferences for the allocation of healthcare resources using stated preference methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6307/.
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Most governments in the world provide some publicly funded healthcare to their citizens, but given the scarcity of resources relative to potential demand, some form of rationing or priority setting is required, and some patients must be denied effective treatment. The thesis took the position that an explicit approach based on maximising the value that society derives from healthcare is the preferred way to address this rationing problem. Conventional health economic practice proposes that value should be equated with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), leading to a policy of QALY maximisation, but, it is argued, not necessarily value maximisation. A more inclusive approach to defining value, based on societal preferences, may maximise overall well-being and be associated with greater trust and legitimacy in the priority setting process. The thesis identified patient and program characteristics that appeared to have empirical evidence of public support as well as a defensible ethical justification in determining the strength of a patient’s claim to societal healthcare resources. The relative strength of preferences for these characteristics, or the equity-efficiency trade-off, was estimated using stated preference methods. Two different methods, discrete choice experiments and constant-sum paired comparisons, were used and the response behaviours of the two elicitations were compared to identify a preferred method for eliciting societal preferences in the context of healthcare. Both methods found a statistically significant equity-efficiency trade-off in an age and sex representative sample of the Canadian public as well as a convenience sample of decision-making agents. This suggested that society would be willing to sacrifice some degree of efficiency in maximising individual life year gains in order to prioritise other characteristics consistent with the promotion of equity or distributive justice in the allocation of healthcare resources. However, differences between the results of the two elicitation methods suggested some systematic procedural variance.
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Huong, Lan Hoang Thi. "A study on housing preference of young households using stated-preference approach." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50036.
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The isssue of housing preference has been widely researched in housing literature, because it provides valuable information for the planning and development of housing for various residential groups with different needs. In Vietnam, the issue has not received proper attention from scholars and developers though the local housing market is going through a phase of rapid development and transformation. This thesis examines housing preference of young household in the capital city Hanoi with focus on condominiums in new urban areas, due to strong demand of the residential group for the specific type of housing. The thesis employed a stated-preference approach with application of direct measurement and conjoint analysis methods to answer research question. A total of 92 responses were collected by mean of questionnaires delivered to customers who visited two real-estate agents in Hanoi. Analysis of the empirical data shows that, households are most concerned about developers’ commitments and basic quality of the housing units.They appreciate child-friendly qualities of the living environment, as well as child-friendly facilities and services. The analysis also reveals that price is the most influential attribute to households’ preference, followed by location and floor area. Of the households, majority prefer living close to city centers in order to have good access to jobs, schools, health-care and recreational services; while a small portion choose to live further from city center to get better living conditions, larger space, and lower price. The preferences are then discussed in connection to current conditions of Hanoi urban areas in order to give implications for urban planning policies and new housing projects.
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Li, Xiaoshu. "Stated and Revealed Preference valuation of Forest Ecosystems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64844.
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Stated preference and revealed preference are two commonly conducted non-market value evaluation methods which can also be applied to make evaluation of forest ecosystem. In the application of these evaluation methodologies, there always exists limitation from the data collection and empirical analysis. In the dissertation here, I extend the traditional evaluation methods with novel design or statistical analysis approaches to solve the practical problem we met in evaluation of forest ecosystem. The first and second chapters are based on stated preference methods. The first chapter employ both the mail survey and on-site survey to investigate the preference for attributes of low-impact timber harvesting programs. In the second chapter, we recruit three interest groups for on-site survey and compare their preference for the low-impact timber harvesting programs. In these first two chapters, choice modeling method is employed to elicit the respondents' preferences, and I also use bootstrap method to get robust estimation results for small sample size data. The last chapter employed revealed preference method to evaluate the economic losses from hemlock damages caused by forest pest. Three different interpolation methods are employed to scale-up the analysis from sites to states. Based on the findings of all three chapters, we can see that these survey design and statistical methods help to overcome the limitations in empirical analysis of forest ecosystem and make more robust inferences for design forest protection policies.Ph. D.
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Morikawa, Takayuki. "Incorporating stated preference data in travel demand analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14326.
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Diener, Alan. "Valuing health and air quality using stated preference methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0034/NQ66200.pdf.
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Malla, A. (Avinash). "Determinants of home heating system choice:a stated preference experiment." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906202598.
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Abstract. The heating of residential areas contributes to over 80% of total energy consumption in Finland. This indicates huge possibilities to save energy. The objective of the thesis is to identify the factors that affect a homeowner’s decision making while choosing a heating system. Among various factors that influence the homeowners’ choice, this thesis investigates three types of determinants: the features of the heating system, the features of the building and the socio-demographic characteristics of the homeowner.
The thesis uses the stated preference technique called choice experiment. In the choice experiment, respondents were presented with choice scenarios where the main heating system choices, namely ground heat, exhaust air heat pump, solid wood boiler, wood pellet boiler, electric storage heating and district heating, were described using five attributes which took various levels. In the choice analysis, the preference heterogeneity for the heating systems and attributes was modelled.
The results indicate that among the attributes of the heating system, homeowners view costs as the most important ones, especially the operating costs. The results also show that their heating system choice is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics as well as building and heating system attributes. Preference heterogeneity in main heating system choices can be explained by individual characteristics such as age, education and forest ownership as well as building attributes such as energy saving capabilities of houses. Similarly, preference heterogeneity in comfort of use and environmental friendliness attributes were explained by the size of the house as well as forest ownership by the homeowner.
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Yoo, Kwang E. "A study of Korean air passengers' choice behaviour, utilising revealed preference and stated preference methods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12610.
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Air travellers' choice behaviour is fundamental to air transport system planning. The Korean international air travel market is at an expansion stage. The objective of this study is to research the choice behaviour of Korean people for their international trips. The flight choice for long distance international travel, which takes more than ten hours of air journey time was studied through analysing stated preference (SP) data as well as revealed preference (RP) data, which were gathered by the survey of this research. The study identified the major factors influencing flight choice in the market and their relative importance by constructing logit models. Separate logit models have been calibrated with RP data and with SP data. The final conclusion was obtained from a comparison of the SP and RP model, and complementary interpretation of the results of RP data and SP data analysis. The major findings of the study are; (1) identification of journey time, air fare, service frequency, and nationality of airline as major factors influencing passengers' flight choice in the market. It is remarked that Korean nationality of airline is considerably preferred in the market. Most Koreans are not fluent in foreign languages, especially English or other European languages, and they are not accustomed to Western culture, and this results in their preference for Korean airlines. (2) estimation of the value of travel time, and other relative importance of variables. For RP data, not only coefficients of the model, but also intellectual interpretation of the data themselves was conducted because some coefficients of the RP model were not statistically significant.
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Morse-Jones, Sian Caroline. "Investigating public preferences for tropical biodiversity amongst distant beneficiaries : developing the application of stated preference techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11276.
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Edwards, Sarita. "Student preferences for accommodation at a Cape Town University: an application of the stated preference approach." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3003.
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Thesis (Master of Marketing)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019This thesis sought to investigate students’ preferences regarding university accommodation. The object was to identify the aspects and elements of housing that students deemed most desirable. The research also aimed to ascertain which socio-demographic variables might serve as predictors of preference in student housing. The thesis focused on student housing at a university in Cape Town, South Africa. The researcher adopted a stated preference approach, applying direct measurement and conjoint analysis methods to answer the research questions. The study commenced with qualitative exploratory research, including a literature review and focus group interviews with students. This was followed by collection of cross-sectional quantitative data using person-administered, structured questionnaires distributed among students at the university. SPSS software was used to analyse a total of 457 completed questionnaires. The direct measurement results indicated that most students prioritised convenience, safety, cost and privacy when it came to choosing accommodation. The three most important attributes as ranked by respondents were having unlimited free WiFi, the inclusion of a 24-hour computer lab in the building, and 24-hour on-site security. In addition, respondents favoured the presence of a convenience shop/kiosk in the residence, followed by sharing showers with students of their own gender, and being within walking distance of campus. Preferences for some but not all the dimensions of accommodation appeared to be influenced by gender, age group and study level. When indicating their willingness to pay (WTP) for a variety of elements relating to accommodation, it emerged that the question of sharing the space in their room – their living and learning space – was very important to the students. The results showed that, apart from having unlimited WiFi and 24-hour on-site security, the aspects for which respondents were prepared to pay most concerned the private space of the individual, e.g. room privacy and room size, as well as having their own toilet and shower. WTP attributes also varied among students according to age group, gender and level of study. Results from the stated preference (conjoint) experiment analysis showed that students were most sensitive about the sharing of ablutions and number of roommates, strongly preferring private rooms and facilities, or sharing with fewer other students. Monthly rent is next most influential, followed by distance from campus. The model also showed significant differences in the preferences of students based on their gender. Research in this field is overdue because, owing to recent increases in the tertiary student population in South Africa, there is a growing shortage of student accommodation. Current and future student housing needs must be assessed, and any such assessment requires a thorough grasp of current student accommodation preferences. The results of this research thus contribute to the knowledge and understanding available to managers and developers of student accommodation regarding students’ requirements and preferences. The findings can serve as a set of guidelines for developers of student housing and as a foundation for formulating associated marketing strategies. Despite the existence of extensive research on student housing, few studies have focused on the preferences of students in developing countries, and even fewer in South Africa. This research seeks to fill this gap by increasing awareness and understanding of students’ preferences with regard to university accommodation.
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Lu, Hui. "The effects of stated preference sign on bias in responses." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/795/.
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Stated Preference (SP) methods have been used extensively in transport research and elsewhere both for demand forecasting purposes and to value the importance attached to different product features and travel attributes. Alongside the broader acceptance and wider application of SP methods, some practitioners (Bates, 1998; Ampt et al., 2000; Wardman and Shires, 2001) have argued for greater openness in discussing what they see as significant concerns surrounding SP. The present study is motivated by the desire to analyse and reduce biases in the SP application, specifically addressing the issue of the strategic biasing of SP responses. The review of biases observed in the previous SP applications explored the sources of bias, which can be categorized as unrealistic design, incentive to strategic bias and task complexity effects. Amongst these, the issues of design/scenarios specification and task complexity have received a considerable amount of attention. On the other hand, and despite serious concerns in the early literature, the strategic biasing of responses tends to have been overlooked in recent times, particularly within the SP methodology. This study is motivated by the desire to investigate the incentives for respondents to bias their answer in the SP survey and methods to amend the bias. This study reviewed and summarised concerns surrounding the extent to which the SP responses to hypothetical questions reliably reflect individuals' true preferences when there is an incentive to bias responses. The discussion was illustrated with examples from research in transport field, environment science and marketing. In an empirical demonstration using data obtained from 1222 respondents (10885 preference observations) on the valuation of the improved rolling stock in Greater Manchester, UK, this study presented results for different designs. Based on the review of studies on rolling stock in recent years, a suite of SP experiments were designed to investigate the effects of different designs on responses. Two factors were introduced into the experiment, a `cheap-talk' script and `adding more attributes to mask the research aim', to amend incentives to bias. In the experiment, post-questionnaire questions on respondents' perception of experiments were introduced. More specifically, respondents' perceptions of the task load, familiarity of experiment alternatives together with their perceptions of the attribute change were added to probe the decision making process and the impact of perception on the decision making. Standard logit models were used to demonstrate the overall effects of variables for the whole sample. The segmentation model, based on the incremental factors, was used to identify respondents' taste variations. The heteroskedastic multinomial logit (HMNL) model was used to incorporate the impact of design factors, respondents' characteristics and perceptions into the scale parameter, which were unable to be captured by the standard logit model. This study found that the cheap-talk script decreased the valuation of the improved rolling stock by 20% on average, through increasing respondents' sensitivity to the cost attribute in the SP survey. However, this impact was not significant at the 5% significance level. This indicates that the warning message will help individuals to amend the incentive to strategic bias in the SP experiment; however bias may remain in our study. This study did not detect significant impact of the complex design on the valuation of the improved rolling stock, although task complexity effects were detected where a large error variance was found in the complex SP design. Individuals' perceptions have significant impacts on the valuation and model estimation precision. Individuals' familiarity with alternatives in the experiment increased the value of the improved rolling stock and improved the estimation precision. Individuals' perceptions of potential price increase have an impact on the valuation and estimation precision. The more likely respondents perceived the potential price increase, the fewer preferences were given to the improved rolling stock and respondents were observed to be more consistent in their choice making. In brief, this study suggests that incentives to strategic bias exist in the SP experiment due to its hypothetical nature. Warning message such as a CT script is helpful to amend individuals' incentive to strategic bias. Attention should be made to the complexity of the experiment, as respondents are subjected to certain cognitive ability. In the SP analysis, individuals' perceptions can be incorporated into the model analysis.
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Wong, Shing-tat. "Disaggregate analyses of stated preference data for capturing parking choice behavior." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36393678.
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Wong, Shing-tat, and 黃承達. "Disaggregate analyses of stated preference data for capturing parking choice behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36393678.
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Khan, Omer Ahmed. "Modelling passenger mode choice behaviour using computer aided stated preference data." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16500/1/Omer_Khan_Thesis.pdf.
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Redland Shire Council (RSC) has recently completed the preparation of Integrated Local Transport Plan (ILTP) and started its implementation and monitoring program. One of the major thrusts of the ILTP is to reduce the car dependency in the Shire and increase the shares of sustainable environmental-friendly travelling modes, such as walking, cycling and public transport.
To achieve these objectives, a mathematical model is needed that is capable of modelling and forecasting the travelling mode choice behaviour in the multi modal environment of Redland Shire. Further, the model can be employed in testing the elasticity of various level-of-service attributes, under a virtual travel environment, as proposed in the ILTP, and estimating the demand for the new travelling alternatives to private car, namely the bus on busway, walking on walkway and cycling on cycleway.
The research estimated various nested logit models for different trip lengths and trip purposes, using the data from a stated preference (SP) survey conducted in the Shire. A unique computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) instrument was designed, using both the motorised (bus on busway) and non-motorised travelling modes (walking on walkway and cycling on cycleway) in the SP choice set. Additionally, a unique set of access modes for bus on busway was also generated, containing hypothetical modes, such as secure park and ride facilities and kiss and ride drop-off zones at the busway stations, walkway and cycleway facilities to access the busway stations and a frequent and integrated feeder bus network within the Shire. Hence, this study created a totally new virtual travel environment for the population of Redland Shire, in order to record their perceived observations under these scenarios and develop the mode choice models.
From the final model estimation results, it was found that the travel behaviour forecasted for regional trip-makers is considerably different from that of local trip-makers. The regional travellers for work, for instance, were found not to perceive the non-motorised modes as valid alternatives to car, possibly due to longer trip lengths. The value of time (VoT) determined for local work trip-makers (16.50 A$/hr) was also found to be higher than that of regional work trip-makers (11.70 A$/hr).
From the survey analysis, a big part of the targeted population was found to be car captives, who are not likely to switch from cars to public transport; even if a more efficient transit infrastructure is implemented. In the past, the models have been generally calibrated using the mode choice survey data only, while that of the captive users were ignored. This yields a knowledge gap in capturing the complete travel behaviour of a region, since the question of what particular biases can be involved with each model estimation parameter by the captives remain unresolved. In this research, various statistical analyses were performed on the car captive users' data by categorising them into various trip characteristics and household parameters, in order to infer the relative influence of the car captive population on the travel behaviour of the study area.
The outcomes of the research can assist the policy makers in solving the strategic issues of transit planning, including the future development of a busway corridor, with an efficient transit access mode network. The research findings can also be utilised in evaluating the feasibility of developing walkways and cycleways in the Shire, along with appraising the relative influence of car captive users on the travel behaviour forecasts for the study area.
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Khan, Omer Ahmed. "Modelling passenger mode choice behaviour using computer aided stated preference data." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16500/.
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Redland Shire Council (RSC) has recently completed the preparation of Integrated Local Transport Plan (ILTP) and started its implementation and monitoring program. One of the major thrusts of the ILTP is to reduce the car dependency in the Shire and increase the shares of sustainable environmental-friendly travelling modes, such as walking, cycling and public transport. To achieve these objectives, a mathematical model is needed that is capable of modelling and forecasting the travelling mode choice behaviour in the multi modal environment of Redland Shire. Further, the model can be employed in testing the elasticity of various level-of-service attributes, under a virtual travel environment, as proposed in the ILTP, and estimating the demand for the new travelling alternatives to private car, namely the bus on busway, walking on walkway and cycling on cycleway. The research estimated various nested logit models for different trip lengths and trip purposes, using the data from a stated preference (SP) survey conducted in the Shire. A unique computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) instrument was designed, using both the motorised (bus on busway) and non-motorised travelling modes (walking on walkway and cycling on cycleway) in the SP choice set. Additionally, a unique set of access modes for bus on busway was also generated, containing hypothetical modes, such as secure park and ride facilities and kiss and ride drop-off zones at the busway stations, walkway and cycleway facilities to access the busway stations and a frequent and integrated feeder bus network within the Shire. Hence, this study created a totally new virtual travel environment for the population of Redland Shire, in order to record their perceived observations under these scenarios and develop the mode choice models. From the final model estimation results, it was found that the travel behaviour forecasted for regional trip-makers is considerably different from that of local trip-makers. The regional travellers for work, for instance, were found not to perceive the non-motorised modes as valid alternatives to car, possibly due to longer trip lengths. The value of time (VoT) determined for local work trip-makers (16.50 A$/hr) was also found to be higher than that of regional work trip-makers (11.70 A$/hr). From the survey analysis, a big part of the targeted population was found to be car captives, who are not likely to switch from cars to public transport; even if a more efficient transit infrastructure is implemented. In the past, the models have been generally calibrated using the mode choice survey data only, while that of the captive users were ignored. This yields a knowledge gap in capturing the complete travel behaviour of a region, since the question of what particular biases can be involved with each model estimation parameter by the captives remain unresolved. In this research, various statistical analyses were performed on the car captive users' data by categorising them into various trip characteristics and household parameters, in order to infer the relative influence of the car captive population on the travel behaviour of the study area. The outcomes of the research can assist the policy makers in solving the strategic issues of transit planning, including the future development of a busway corridor, with an efficient transit access mode network. The research findings can also be utilised in evaluating the feasibility of developing walkways and cycleways in the Shire, along with appraising the relative influence of car captive users on the travel behaviour forecasts for the study area.
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Sund, Björn. "Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.
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The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.
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Wyatt, Steven C. (Steven Charles). "Influences of Stated Counselor Religious Values on Subjects' Preference for a Counselor." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332372/.
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The effects of the counselor's religious values on the counseling process has been a focal point recently in the literature on counseling and psychotherapy, especially with regard to how the counselor's announced values might effect potential clients' selection of a counselor. In the present study, the investigator addressed this issue in a study with 125 male and 125 female undergraduate students assigned to five different groups in which they read a script that differed with respect to the counselor's religious orientation. The content of the five scripts ranged from no mention of religious values to describing in detail the specific religious values of the counselor. Subjects' responses to the scripts were measured by having them rate (1) the degree of similarity in their own values and the announced values of the therapist; (2) their rating of how helpful they thought the therapist would be with their problem; and, (3) their stated willingness to see the counselor. Results indicated that subjects who read the script describing an agnostic counselor saw a significant degree of dissimilarity between their own and the counselor's values, but this did not affect subjects' perceptions of the counselor's helpfulness or their willingness to see the counselor. Differences in the degree of religiosity between subjects and sex differences observed were discussed as were implications for future research.
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Winden, Matthew Wayne. "INTEGRATING STATED PREFERENCE CHOICE ANALYSIS AND MULTI-METRIC INDICATORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343325594.
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Jin, Jian Jun. "Stated preference methods and their applications for non-market environmental valuation in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636326.
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Davies, Anne-Marie. "Using images to present stated preference information : an application to the built environment." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404923.
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Caldas, Marco A. F. "Assessing the efficiency of revealed and stated preference methods for modelling transport demand." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309686.
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Nelson, P. S. "Monetary valuation of the environmental impacts of road transport : a stated preference approach." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11051.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of road transport and road transport infrastructure on the environment is an
important public issue in the United Kingdom today. Economists have suggested that
the present Trunk Road appraisal process undervalues the environmental impact of road
schemes because environmental impacts are not included in the monetary cost-benefit
process, i.e. they are externalised. Furthermore, critics state that the present evaluation
process is complicated by the number and type of qualitative and quantitative measures
of environmental impact, this leads to confusion and non-standardisation in the
decision-making process. In answer to these criticisms it has been suggested that
monetary values of environmental impacts should be incorporated into the Trunk Road
appraisal process, i.e. placing environmental benefits or losses into the cost-benefit
framework and hence simplifying the decision-making process.
This research identified the present methods of monetary valuation, and showed that
these have insufficient institutional or public acceptability to be used for the purpose of
monetary valuation in this case. This research therefore examined a new methodology
for placing values on environmental impacts. i.e. Stated Preference (SP) techniques. SP
determines implicit valuations by asking people to trade-off between a number of
different choice situations. SP techniques are widely used throughout the transport
industry for placing monetary values on factors such as journey time and ride quality.
The research was successful in gaining statistically significant monetary values for Road
Safety and Air Quality and respondents were able to understand the SP experiments and
to trade logically between choice scenarios. However, the research identified that
particular care is required when measuring and representing environmental attributes
and attribute levels to respondents, as these impact on the valuations gained. Further
research is also required to define the reasons for significant variation within the
response data. The reasons for this variation need to be investigated further so that
significant valuations can be obtained that relate to the whole population.
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Hsu, Yu-Lin. "A stated preference approach to the choice of financial reporting regimes and techniques." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25818.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate companies' choices in financial reporting. This research first identifies that regimes and techniques are a firm's two major accounting choices. It then establishes that a two-stage choice model of regimes and techniques is appropriate for choices of this sort. The thesis investigates the nature of regime choices and technique choices and the relationship between them. Furthermore, this study recognises three choice patterns in the two-stage choice model: two types of sequential choices and a nested choice. Lexicographic and colexicographic preference orderings can be used to understand the two sequential decision-making processes. The nested choice can be regarded as a simultaneous process. Interview data shows these forms of choice behaviour. The empirical basis of this study applies a stated preference approach to estimate companies' adoption costs (C) and benefits (B) of accounting modes. Primary source data on net benefits was gathered from companies in the UK and Taiwan by questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The analysis of this research implies that the stated costs (C) and benefits (B) reflect companies' rationale behind accounting choices. Thus, the usefulness of the stated preference approach for understanding regime and technique choices is established. Using measured stated costs and benefits, this research calibrates firms' net utilities (B-C) and ratio utilities (B/C) arising from adopting a specific regime or technique from the choices available. It is observed that companies' accounting decisions generally follow a rational net-benefit analysis, given free choices. That is, companies typically select that accounting mode which leads to the highest adoption net-utilities. These findings suggest that the cost-benefit analysis, based on stated preferences, helps our understanding of firms' choice behaviour in financial reporting. The results of nonparametric tests also indicate that UK and Taiwanese companies often do not perceive any net benefits from implementing IFRS.
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SOUZA, FELIPE LOBO UMBELINO DE. "ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODALITY IN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO USING THE STATED PREFERENCE METHOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33331@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A escolha do modo de transporte de carga é uma questão crítica na modelagem da demanda por transporte. Este estudo utiliza a técnica de preferência declarada no sentido de analisar o transporte de carga no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, visando identificar quais são os fatores relevantes na escolha de modo de transporte (rodovia e ferrovia) por parte das empresas com atuação no Estado, na categoria de produtos de Carga Geral. O estudo utilizou o modelo Logit Multinominal com o objetivo de verificar a importância de fatores (custo, tempo, serviço, confiabilidade, disponibilidade e risco de roubo de carga) na escolha de modo por parte das empresas, e apontar quais medidas que podem ser adotadas no sentido de fomentar a multimodalidade no transporte de carga no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Freight mode choice is a critical part in modeling freight demand. This study uses the stated preference techniques to analyze cargo transportation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, aiming to identify the relevant factors in the mode choice (road and railroad) by companies operating in the State in the category of General Cargo products. The study used the Multinominal Logit model in order to verify the importance of factors (cost, time, service, reliability, availability and cargo theft risk) in the mode choice by the companies, and to indicate which measures may be adopted to promote multimodality in freight transport in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Šilerová, Markéta. "Modelování dopravního chování na trase Praha - Brno: aplikace výběrového experimentu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71930.
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This diploma thesis is concerned with the use of the choice experiment method for modelling travel behaviour. The main scope of this diploma thesis is to find the main attributes for the individual's decision making about the student's choice of mean of transport. The models have been applied to long intercity trips between Prague and Brno. The model specification combines trip-based characteristics with socioeconomic characteristics. There are numerous European and US studies which have been conducted in a national context. In recent years, studies have been implemented also in the Czech Republic, but none of them focus on the specific segment of students. The principles of the choice experiment come out from the Lancaster' characteristics theory of value and random utility theory. The multinominal logit is used to the choice experiment analysis.
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Cox, Nathanael Christopher James. "Estimating demand for new modes of transportation using a context-aware stated preference survey." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99588.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-129).
This thesis presents the design of a context-aware stated preference survey that will be used to estimate the demand for new transportation modes and services. It builds on the Future Mobility Survey, a smartphone-based prompted-recall survey that accurately gathers revealed preference information on respondents' travel patterns. By using this GPS data as the context for a hypothetical stated preference survey, we can present realistic travel scenarios to respondents that pivot off their actual behavior. The approach is the first of its kind to combine GPS and external data to generate hypothetical scenarios for a large number of modes. It does this by making use of freely available web services to gather information on travel times and distances on many modes, which then informs the presentation of these modes in the hypothetical scenario. The travel scenario is presented using a web interface that mimics trip-planning software, and the software can be readily applied across different cities and countries.
by Nathanael Christopher James Cox.
S.M. in Transportation
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Nugroho, Munajat Tri. "Stated preference study of port and inland mode choice for containerized exports from Java." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12345/.
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The aims of this thesis are to understand the issue of intermodal transport in Indonesia and to examine the impact of related policies on shifting to the rail mode; as an attempt to cut GHG emissions from containerized exports from Java. Stated preference (SP) and Revealed preference (RP) data of exporters and forwarders was collected for this purpose. This study employed four inland mode attributes (cost, time, reliability and GHG emissions) and two port attributes (port cost and ship calls frequency) to examine the alternatives. The SP-only and combined SP-RP data are employed to estimate the model using Multinomial Logit, Nested Logit, Mixed Multinomial Logit, and Mixed Nested Logit. The estimation results indicate that increases in inland mode cost, inland mode time, inland mode GHG emissions, and port cost all have very substantial adverse effects on the alternative’s utility. Conversely, inland mode reliability and frequency of ship calls have positive influence on the utility. Five single policies and four combined policies have been simulated using the best model gained from the estimation. Two single policies of cutting fuel subsidies for road mode and giving incentives to rail freight would provide the most important encouragement to modal shift. Nevertheless, the biggest reduction in GHG emissions can be obtained through policies of cutting fuel subsidies for road mode and putting restrictions on times and routes permitted for the road transport operations. The primary contribution of this research rests on its analysis of the exporters’ and freight forwarders’ attitudes related to GHG emissions, and the possible effects of policies that may be implemented to reduce GHG emissions. The novelty of this research is in its development of a joint model of port and inland mode choice from the exporters’ and forwarders’ perspective.
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Krcal, Ondrej, Stefanie Peer, Rostislav Stanek, and Bara Karlinova. "Real consequences matter: Why hypothetical biases in the valuation of time persist even in controlled lab experiments." Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2019.100138.
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In a controlled lab experiment, we investigate hypothetical biases in the value of time by comparing
stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) values attached to unexpected waiting times.
The SP and RP choice sets are identical in terms of design with the only difference being that
the RP choices have real consequences in terms of unexpected waiting times and monetary
incentives. We find a substantial hypothetical bias with the average SP value of time being only
71% of the corresponding RP value. The bias is mainly driven by participants who have scheduling
constraints during the time of the unexpected wait. Scheduling constraints are taken into account
to a much lesser extent in the SP setting than in the RP setting, presumably because only in the
latter, the consequences of ignoring them are costly. We find evidence that this effect is stronger
for persons with relatively low cognitive ability.
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Fifer, Simon James. "Hypothetical bias in Stated Preference Experiments: Is it a Problem? And if so, how do we deal with it?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7923.
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The extent to which Stated Preference (SP) experiments suffer from hypothetical bias continues to be a controversial topic in the SP literature. This thesis provides further evidence in this debate by examining the existence of hypothetical bias in a transport-related SP experiment. Data for this thesis were sourced from a University of Sydney study exploring the effect of variable rate charging on motorist behaviour. The sample included 148 Sydney motorists who were recruited to take part in a 10-week GPS driving field study (Revealed Preference / RP data). In addition, participants were also required to complete an SP survey. The SP survey consisted of a Contingent Valuation (CV) and Choice Experiment (CE) task designed to mimic the RP decision context in order to capture what participants indicated they would do as opposed to what participants actually did in reaction to the charging regime. Hypothetical bias was established by examining important differences between what people said they would do in the SP experiment and what they actually did in the RP field study. The current state of practice for measuring hypothetical bias in the literature is to compare aggregate differences in model outcomes using SP and RP data sources. Aggregate analysis is limited in its scope and does not allow for the calculation of the prevalence of hypothetical bias (i.e., how many participants are affected by hypothetical bias) or give any insight into why hypothetical bias occurs (i.e., correlates of hypothetical bias). This research is uniquely structured to allow for individual categorisation of hypothetical bias by comparing SP and RP data from the same sample for the direct purpose of investigating the prevalence of hypothetical bias. Furthermore, the extent to which elicitation procedures (CV and CE), mitigation techniques (cheap talk and certainty scales), demographics (gender and age) and the level of experience influence hypothetical bias is also explored. The findings from this research show that the SP model estimates are prone to hypothetical bias and that the mitigation techniques have potential to compensate for this inherent bias.
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Rahemtulla, Y. G. "Environmental quality and tourism development in the Seychelles, an application of the stated preference method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28979.pdf.
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Rwunguko, Jean d'Amour. "Quantification of transport demand of hybrid lighter than air in Rwanda through stated preference methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96931.
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Thesis (MSc)-- Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Today, development of innovative modes of transport is taking place in order to accelerate the economic growth of transport users as well as reducing the environmental pollution, through an improved transport system. These new transport modes are associated with advances in modern technologies that are able to provide solutions to different problems in the transport industry of developing countries. This research was motivated by the cost reduction and environmental benefits, accruing from the use of new technology of Hybrid Lighter Than Air (HLTA) transport mode. The intention then, was to evaluate the modes choice preference of transport users in the case where the HLTA is introduced in Rwanda. The new mode of HLTA is believed to make a contribution in solving transport challenges stemming from the fact that Rwanda is a landlocked country. The landlockedness is associated with lack of access to seaports, remoteness and isolation from major markets. This continues to impede the development of the country and the problem is exacerbated by the fact that, road transport mode dominates the transport operations in Rwanda. From an economic point of view, road transport causes high transport economic costs for both passengers and freight, and increases, to a large extent, environmental pollution. In order to achieve the transport users’ modes choice preferences, this study has developed and used an efficient survey design process of Stated Preference. Drawing from current literature, Stated Preference is an accurate tool for data collection of studies that relate to choice preferences. This technique made it possible to design questionnaires by hypothetically creating choice games using three attributes; i.e. In Vehicle Travel Time, Waiting Time and Travel Cost for available alternative modes of transport. Thereafter, the collection of data took place by interviewing the transport users of three routes that accommodate heavy traffic in the study area, Rwanda. The SPSS version 21 computer programme was used to analyse mode choice preference data and then for a matter of checking the results, STATA S/E 11.1 was used. Among the results, these computer programmes reported coefficients of attributes and these were applied in the Binomial logistic regression mathematical structure in the model building process. The model refinement and validation processes that followed, have suggested a removal of Waiting Time from the explanatory variables. This was due to poor performance that Waiting Time has demonstrated in terms of prediction and significance. Then, magnitudes of utilities of models were determined based on the two remaining variables. The choice probability value of each alternative on different routes was calculated; and thus transport demand of each mode was quantified. According to the results, transport users in Rwanda would prefer and use HLTA in case it starts operating. For both cargo and passenger transport, HLTA was chosen above other modes set into choice process, with probabilities of 79.7%, 86.1%, and 58% for HLTA-Passenger on long, medium and short routes respectively and 71%, 56% and 77% for HLTA-Cargo on long, medium and short route respectively. The passenger transport volume share of HLTA-Passenger projected in the year 2014 was found to be 6269256 passengers against a total annual passenger traffic demand of 7941752 passengers on the three routes considered. The annual freight volume of HLTA-Cargo was 10947921 tonnes against a total of 16935637 tonnes on all the routes considered. These high demand volumes of HLTA were due to high choice probabilities which in turn, were due to small values of attributes that HLTA has got compared to those of other modes. It is, therefore, proposed that more research should be conducted to study the viability of HLTA use in Rwanda. While doing so, such studies should consider issues of economic viability, environmental benefit research and other studies engaging demand data, since these data items would be published as the main results of this current work.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van innoverende vervoermiddels vind deesdae plaas ten einde die ekonomiese groei van die gebruikers van vervoer te versnel, asook om maniere te soek om omgewingsbesoedeling te bekamp deur die verbetering van vervoerstelsels. Hierdie nuwe vervoermiddels word geassosieer met vooruitgang in moderne tegnologie, wat ten doel het om oplossings te voorsien vir verskeie probleme in die vervoerindustrie van ontwikkelende lande. Hierdie navorsing is gemotiveer deur kostevermindering en omgewingsvoordele, wat uit die gebruik van die nuwe tegnologie van Hibriede Ligter as Lug vervoermiddels (lugskip) voortspruit. Die bedoeling was dan om die keuse van vervoermiddelvoorkeure deur gebruikers, te evalueer ingeval die bogenoemde lugskip in Rwanda as vervoermiddel implementeer sou word. Daar word beweer dat hierdie nuwe lugskip vervoermiddel ‘n aandeel sal hê om die vervoeruitdagingsprobleme van Rwanda, wat landingeslote is, te help oplos. Hierdie landingeslotenheid word geassosieer met ‘n gebrek aan toegang tot seehawens, afstand en afsondering van groot markte. Voorts belemmer dit die ontwikkeling van die land en die probleem word vererger deur die feit dat padvervoer die vervoer bedrywighede in die land oorheers. Padvervoer veroorsaak hoë vervoer onkoste in die land se ekonomie, vir beide passasiers- en vragvervoer, en daar is ‘n aansienlike toename in omgewingsbesoedeling. Ten einde die vervoergebruikers se vervoermiddelkeuse voorkeure te bereik, het hierdie studie 'n doeltreffende opname-ontwerp proses van Verklaarde Voorkeur ontwikkel en gebruik. Uit kennis van huidige literatuur, word aanvaar dat Verklaarde Voorkeur 'n akkurate instrument is vir data-versameling vir studies wat verband hou met die keuse van voorkeure. Hierdie tegniek het dit moontlik gemaak om vraelyste te ontwerp deur die hipotetiese skepping van keuse speletjies wat drie eienskappe gebruik, naamlik In-Voertuig Reistyd, Wagtyd en Reiskoste vir beskikbare alternatiewe vervoermiddels. Daarna het dataversameling plaasgevind deurdat onderhoude met vervoergebruikers van drie swaarverkeerroetes in Rwanda gevoer is. Die SPSS weergawe 21 rekenaarprogram is gebruik om die vervoermiddel-keuse voorkeurdata te analiseer, en daarna, ten einde die uitslae te ondersoek, is die STATA S/E 11.1 program gebruik. As deel van die uitslae het hierdie rekenaarprogramme berig oor eienskappe van koëffisiënte. Hierdie uitslae is toegepas in die Binomiale logistieke regressie wiskundige struktuur in ‘n modelbou-proses. Die model validasieproses wat gevolg het, het voorgestel dat wagtyd weggelaat word as een van die verklarende veranderlikes. Dit was as gevolg van swak prestasie wat wagtyd getoon het in terme van voorspelling en betekenis. Daarna is groottes van modelle se nuttigheid bepaal op grond van die twee oorblywende veranderlikes. Laastens is die keuse waarskynlikheidswaardes van elke alternatief op verskillende roetes bereken, en sodoende is die vervoeraanvraag van elke vervoermiddel gekwantifiseer. Volgens die uitslae sou vervoergebruikers in Rwanda die lugskip as vervoermiddel verkies en gebruik, indien dit implementer sou word. Vir beide vrag- en passasiersvervoer, is die lugskip bo ander vorme gekies wat in die keuse proses beskikbaar was, met waarskynlikhede van 79.7%, 86.1%, en 58 vir lugskip-passasier op 'n lang, medium en kort roete onderskeidelik, en waarskynlikhede van 71%, 56% en 77% vir lugskip-vrag op die lang, medium en kort roetes onderskeidelik. Die projeksie van die passasier vervoer volume gedeelte van lugskip-passasier vir die jaar 2014 het bevind dat 6269256 passasiers uit 'n totale passasiersverkeer aanvraag van 7941752, geprojekteer vir 2014, op die drie oorweegde roetes voorspel was. Die vrag volume van lugskip-vrag was 10947921 ton, teenoor 'n totaal van 16935637 ton op al die oorweegde roetes. Hierdie hoë aanvraag volumes van lugskip vervoer was as gevolg van hoë keuse waarskynlikhede wat op hul beurt, as gevolg van die klein waardes van eienskappe van die lugskip in vergelyking met dié van ander vervoermiddels veroorsaak is. Die voorstel is dus dat meer navorsing gedoen moet word om die lewensvatbaarheid van die gebruik van lugskip vervoer in Rwanda te bestudeer. Terselfdertyd moet sodanige studies kwessies oorweeg wat die ekonomiese lewensvatbaar van die vervoermiddel ondersoek, voordele vir die omgewing inhou en ander studies waar aanvraagdata oorweeg word, aangesien sulke data alreeds gepubliseer sal wees as die belangrikste resultate van hierdie huidige studie.
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Arsenio, Elisabete M. M. "The valuation of environmental externalities : a stated preference case study on traffic noise in Lisbon." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3877/.
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This research study was motivated by the need to valuing environmental externalities from road transport. The main objective was to develop a methodology centered on the Stated Preference-choice (SP-choice) method for valuing traffic noise when individuals are in their homes. The aim was to assess the nature and extent of households’ heterogeneity of preferences for quiet. For this purpose, two different metrics of the noise variable were used to estimate the marginal values of quiet, ratings based on household’s perceptions and the physical noise measures in Leq dB(A). An innovative computer survey model was developed and administered to more than 400 households in a residential area in Lisbon with high-rise residential buildings in the vicinity of mam roads. The experimental design explored respondents’ familiarity and experience with perceived noise levels indoors in various apartment situations and at different floors of the block (lot). Lower and upper floors and their exposure to road traffic (fronting the main road or located at the back façade) played a central role in the experimental design. A range of situational, socio-economic, behavioral and attitudinal variables relating to each household were collected. Physical noise measurements were taken at each apartment (indoors and at the exterior façade) and related to respondents’ perceptions. Complementary methods such as the revealed preference (RP) data on apartment purchases and the openended contingent valuation method (CVM) were also included. The issue of convergent validity of noise value estimates for the same sample of respondents was explored. Multinomial Logit models including additional effects (MNL-INT) of a wide range of variables were explored, as well as combined MNL-INT with additional variables with random parameters’ logit specifications (Mixed Logit, ML). In brief, the study found that models based on respondent’s perceptions outperformed those based on physical noise measures. A range of other influential variables were found to interact with householders’ preferences such as adjusted household income per person, sign of noise changes (improvements or deterioration in the levels), floor number, base noise level experienced, and others. The ML specifications gave a better fit with the data. The income elasticity of marginal values of quiet was of similar magnitude in the SP-choice and RP methods, but a weak income effect was detected when using the CVM data. Nevertheless, the strategic bias may have affected both the SP-choice and CVM experimental markets. The noise value estimates were in the range of estimates found in other studies.
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Achtnicht, Martin [Verfasser]. "Essays on consumer choices relevant to climate change : stated preference evidence from Germany / Martin Achtnicht." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103851343X/34.
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Kim, Hyun Chan. "Developing a mode choice model for New Zealand freight transportation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10031.
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The aim of this research was to construct a freight mode choice model, from the perspective of New Zealand freight shippers, identifying the possibility of mode substitution effects.
Shipper’s freight modal choice depends on freight demand and infrastructure as well as the quality of service characteristics of alternative modes, such as transport cost, delivery time, reliability, damage and loss and frequency of service. Freight logistics characteristics, such as the attributes of the shipper, the attributes of the commodities to be transported, and the spatial attributes of shipments, strongly influence modal choice. In New Zealand, due to the heterogeneity of firms and issues of confidentiality and reliability of data, relatively little research has been done on modelling freight mode choice. This research involved revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) surveys of representative freight shippers and agents. User-specific data make it possible to better identify the dependence between shipper’s mode shift behaviour and freight logistics in New Zealand circumstances. Moreover, by applying a discrete choice approach, the possibility of mode substitution effects was investigated. This research approach was prompted by substantial changes in New Zealand’s freight transport patterns due to the increasing use of logistic processes, and previously developed models using a four-stage approach fail to model elements of firms’ characteristics (i.e. size of shipments, delivery distance, export volume, product shelf-life, size and location of firm, number of road fleets, and relationship with contracted carriers).
The outcomes of this research have shown that many of the operational and logistical influences that affect mode choice vary with the shipper and the industry. As a result, public policy makers should recognize that effective policy must consider both the needs of the transportation service provider and user. In particular, the public policy maker should recognize that freight transport mode choice results from an array of interactions among transportation characteristics, logistics characteristics and product characteristics.
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Woo, Kwong-ming William, and 胡廣明. "The stated preference technique for estimating the modal split inhome-work journey in the mid-levels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951041.
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Fischer, Manfred M., Rico Maggi, and Christian Rammer. "Contact Decision Behaviour in a Knowledge Context. A Discrete Choice Modelling Approach Using Stated Preference Data." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4220/1/WSG_DP_1391.pdf.
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Birol, Ekin. "Valuing agricultural biodiversity on home gardens in Hungary : an application of stated and revealed preference methods." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446498/.
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This thesis contributes to the economics of conservation of agricultural biodiversity on farm with a case study on traditional Hungarian home gardens, which are microagroecosystems that are repositories of Hungary's remaining agricultural biodiversity riches, as well as of Hungarian cultural heritage. The aims of this thesis are to measure the private values of home gardens and agricultural biodiversity therein that accrue to farm families who manage them, and to investigate the effects of household, market, agro-ecological, cultural and economic factors on farm families' demand for and supply of agricultural biodiversity in their home gardens. Data on farm families' revealed and stated preferences for agricultural biodiversity in home gardens are collected from 323 farm households in 22 communities across 3 regions of Hungary, with an original farm household survey and an original choice experiment. Data are analysed with theoretical and empirical models from agricultural and environmental economics literature to identify those farm families, communities and regions that attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity and that are most likely to conserve home gardens with high levels of agricultural biodiversity. The results disclose that the most isolated communities in the country, that are economically and environmentally marginalised, are most likely to sustain and attach the highest values to traditional, agricultural biodiversity rich home garden management practices. Within these communities, farm families that are larger, have elderly decisionmakers, lower income levels and home gardens with unfavourable production conditions tend to conserve higher levels of and attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity in home gardens. Since where private values of conservation are the highest the cost of conservation would be the least, the results of this thesis may assist the national policy makers in designing efficient and cost-effective agri-environmental policies for conservation of Hungary's agricultural biodiversity riches and cultural heritage.
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Shinghal, Nalin. "An application of stated preference methods to the study of intermodal freight transport services in India." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11336/.
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The Indian Railways (IR) have, over the past four decades, been steadily losing market share, in both passenger and freight markets. In the case of freight, they have gone from being the dominant mode to being carriers of bulk traffic only. Most of the general goods, high value, traffic has shifted to road. In line with the pattern of economic growth, the manufactured goods sector is the fastest growing sector of the economy. This leads on one hand, to exclusion of JR from an important, and growing, sector of the economy and on the other hand to heavy strains on the already saturated road network, higher environmental dis-benefits and higher costs of petroleum imports. The Container Corporation of India (CONCOR), a subsidiary of IR, is now attempting to enter the domestic freight market, to recapture some of this freight traffic. The present work has been taken up, with the final objective of developing a methodology, for identifying sectors where viable intermodal services can be offered, in comparison to road, as well as rail, services and to determine the price and service levels required for the same. In the absence of any revealed preference (RP) data, as well as any previous work on valuation of attributes for the different sectors, we have used an Adaptive Stated Preference (SP) design for our work. The Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference (LASP) software has been modified and used for the work. Various alternatives have also been examined, with regard to the approach to be used for analysis of the survey data and we have finally decided to use individual level models aggregated using weighted averages as these appear to provide the most robust estimates. We have developed models for costing of, door to door, freight movement by road, rail and intermodal services. These models have been used in conjunction with the demand model to assess the viability of the different services for the sectors considered. Our findings indicate that, using fully allocated door to door costs, rail is a clear leader for distances over about 500 Km, on cost basis alone. However, when the service quality factors are taken into account, intermodal services become more attractive for the high value, damage prone, products while road services are more attractive for the lower value products. Rail services break even under 1500 Km only in a few of the situations considered by us and Intermodal service break even under 1500 Km for a large number of the situations (in case of use of new high speed wagons this breakeven shifts to between 500 to 1000 Km). Rail services would need to match the quality of road services, or be priced on marginal cost basis, to be competitive, as compared to road services. Intermodal services can be quite profitable, with presently attained transit times using the older (BFK) wagons, if they are offered at least thrice a week. The larger firms also appear to be more likely to go for intermodal services, than smaller firms. In case of the newer, high speed wagons, the increased capital costs are offset by the gains due to faster turn-around and there is a substantial improvement in the quality of service (time & reliability) that can be provided. This provides an opportunity for a highly profitable service to be provided with the induction of the new wagons.
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Haas, Marion Ruth. "Benefits of health care beyond health: an exploration of non-health outcomes of health care." University of Sydney. Public Health, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/854.
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Recent interest in identifying and measuring health outcomes represents an advance in our understanding of how health care for individuals should be evaluated. However, the concept of health outcomes has mainly focussed on improvements in health status. Non-health outcomes of health care may also be important to patients. In this thesis, four tasks were undertaken with the aim of identifying non-health outcomes and establishing the extent of their relevance and importance to patients. First, the illness experience literature was reviewed to identify potential non-health outcomes. Seven categories of non-health outcomes were identified: information, being treated with dignity, being able to trust the health care provider, having distress recognised and supported, participating in decision making, legitimation and reassurance. Second, to gain an in-depth understanding of these concepts, topic-specific literature was reviewed and synthesised. Third, in order to confirm how relevant and important the concepts were to patients, a qualitative study was conducted with each of two different groups of health service users. Broadly, patients considered that all the non-health concepts were relevant, although the extent to which they were important varied. Fourth, to test the relative importance of the seven concepts, a Stated Preference Discrete Choice experiment in the context of general practice was conducted. This study showed that most people thought their GP demonstrated behaviour likely to result in the production of non-health outcomes. The results showed that although all the non-health outcomes were, to some extent, preferred by respondents, trust was most important, followed by legitimation and recognition of and support for emotional distress. Once again, these results point to the importance of context in the evaluation of health care from the patient's perspective. While still being perceived as positive aspects of health care, the provision of information and acting autonomously or participating in decisions about their health care were the non-health outcomes considered least important by patients
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Olsson, Camilla. "Motorists´evaluation of road maintenance management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3474.
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The road network is extremely valuable. Road Administrationsare expected to invest maintenance funding in a way thatreturns maximum benefit to road users. Cost-benefit analysis isone method to ensure that an adequate return in terms ofbenefits results from committing expenditure. Today,cost-benefit calculations are frequently used as a base fordecision making of investments. The surges for such methods inthe maintenance management sector are increasing.
Up to the present, one reason for not analysing costs andbenefits for various maintenance management measures has beenthe lack of knowledge about comfort benefits for road users inquantitative monetary terms. The aim with this thesis is toinvestigate motoristsapprehension of pavementmaintenance management and winter maintenance operations. Thefinal goal is to find out their willingness to pay fordifferent levels of road maintenance management. Those valuescan later be used in cost-benefit calculations and also ineffect models of road maintenance management.
Due to the pioneer status of this study, focus groups andin-depth interviews as well as a number of pilot studies havebeen carried out before a main survey with stated choiceexperiments could be designed. These exploratory studies showedthat the interviewees were familiar with the types of roadsurface damage that exist and in many cases mastered the sameterminology as the Road Administration and others. Showingpictures of well-known types of road damage lead to highermonetary valuations of getting better road standard incomparison with just text descriptions. One reason for thatcould be the requisite severness of the damage in order toillustrate a certain road maintenance shortage. The respondentswith the text descriptions could have stated their preferencesfor an, in their own minds, average shortcoming while the groupwith access to photograph of road damage all saw the samesevere damage. Illustrations of different road maintenancestandards make it possible to control the respondentsinterpretation of the maintenance management standard valuatedbut could lead to high monetary estimations.
Driving comfort was very important to the interviewees inthe exploratory studies. That was manifested in the pilotstated choice surveys, which resulted in high willingness topay for better pavement management.
The main study consisted of two surveys; the first one wasabout pavement maintenance management and was carried out inOctober to November 2000 and the second one took place inFebruary to March 2001 and was about winter maintenanceoperations. Both the pavement and the winter survey includedattitude questions and two stated choice experiments. Theresult showed that the maintenance management status of theroad network was important to car users. For example, the worstpavement damage was roughness; the motorists were willing topay 1.7 SEK (Swedish Crowns) per kilometre to avoid roadsdamaged in their full length. The least harmful damage of thosestudied was cracks; the willingness to pay to avoid that was0.5 SEK per kilometre. For more rapid snow clearance, the carusers were willing to pay 60 to 80 SEK per year for getting theroads cleared from snow one hour earlier than the currentstandard implies. The willingness to pay for driving on bareroads in comparison with snow roads was 0.4 SEK per kilometre.Statistical tests on the models showed that the parametervalueswere well estimated.
In the pavement as well as in the winter survey, a clustergroup analysis was performed in order to test the heterogeneityof attitudes and behaviour to road maintenance management. Theanalysis resulted in two separate groups in each survey. Onegroup consisted of drivers who reported to be very influencedby the level of maintenance management regarding chosen speed,joy of driving and so on. The other group reported to be lessinfluenced and had lower acceptance of higher road tax for thepurpose to increase the maintenance management standard.Separate stated choice models revealed that the differences inattitudes could also reflect the respondentswillingnessto pay for higher road maintenance standard. However, thedifferences were only small and the different groupsmonetary valuations were not found to be significantlydifferent from each other.
The result of this study, better knowledge aboutmotoristsapprehension of maintenance management, theirattitudes to driving comfort and road standard and theirmonetary valuations of different levels of pavement maintenanceand winter maintenance operations, opens up the possibility tomake cost-benefit analysis of various maintenance managementprojects. The impact of the monetary values found in this studyhas been studied in a limited cost-benefit analysis.
Keywords:stated choice, stated preference, valuationsof maintenance management, driving comfort, road standardevaluation
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Widyastuti, Hera. "Valuing motorcycle casualties in developing countries using willingness-to pay method : stated-preference discrete choice modelling approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1446.
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Motorcycle ownership and use in developing cities in Asia, including Surabaya and Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and Bangkok (Thailand) have increased dramatically over the past few decades. With this high rate of growth, there is evidence of an increase in the number of motorcycle casualties. Currently, efforts to reduce road casualties in general, and to reduce motorcyclist casualties in particular, have attracted considerable attention in developing countries, especially where motorcycle casualties have risen rapidly, for instance, in Indonesia. Necessary road safety improvements will demand substantial funding which the respective local and regional authorities of the countries generally support. To provide information to policy makers, in particular on how much saving can be gained by implementing road safety improvements, it is very important to have an accurate technique for valuing a road casualty. Various techniques are available to value road casualties however the appropriate method will depend on the objectives and balancing conflicting objectives such as whether to maximise the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or strengthen social welfare. At present, most of the developing countries, including Indonesia, use the Gross Output method to value the casualties; the objective of this method is to maximise the GDP. On the other hand, most of the developed countries prefer to use the Willingness to Pay method, which combines welfare objectives with cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit analysis is needed on the valuation of safety improvement program. The Willingness to Pay method was devised to determine the value of preventing casualties and to strengthen the social welfare objectives. This research uses the Willingness to Pay method for valuing motorcyclist casualty costs. In order to investigate the similarities, differences and interaction between the two, the Gross Output method also is used to estimate the motorcycle casualty costs. The case study used for this research is Surabaya city in Indonesia where the number of motorcycle casualties has increased substantially since the early 1990s. This study identifies that the Discrete Choice Modelling technique is appropriate to put a value of the Willingness to Pay. The study also delivers a basic understanding of the relationship between social attitudes and motorcycle-related casualty reductions; it considers three casualty classes: slight, serious with no disability and serious with disability. The research produced statistically significant evidence suggesting that the older population is less likely to support investments to reduce casualties. However, the reverse is true for households with higher income and more children. Finally the Willingness to Pay method was shown to be a suitable technique to be used in developing countries to measure the value of motorcycle casualties. Key words: Motorcycle Safety Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay, Stated-Preference Surveys, Discrete Choice Models
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Woo, Kwong-ming William. "The stated preference technique for estimating the modal split in home-work journey in the mid-levels." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781273.
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Ryan, Patricia L. "THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF VULNERABLE PLAQUE RELATED TO HEART ATTACKS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/535.
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Recent medical studies have led cardiologists to revise theories regarding the cause of heart attacks. Rather than a gradual clogging of the arteries, eruption of a vulnerable plaque is thought to be the cause of approximately 75% of all heart attacks. As a result, traditional risk factors are no longer sufficient indicators of who is at risk for a heart attack. Therefore, this research investigates the willingness to pay (WTP) for a new, hypothetical detection (screening) and treatment method for vulnerable plaque. For this study, two survey instruments were developed that take advantage of the visual and interactive aspects of the Internet. Individuals report their perception of heart attack risk both prior to and after receiving new information on who cardiologists currently believe to be at risk for a heart attack. In addition, respondents are provided with information about the effectiveness and risks associated with screening and treatment. Using webbased surveys, which follow a contingent valuation format, an iterative bidding process is used to elicit the respondents WTP for either the screening or treatment method. Internet, on-line surveys are often prone to coverage bias; however, the survey valuing screening (a simple blood test) used a Knowledge Networks panel and resulted in a sample of 268 adults that is essentially representative of the general population. The survey valuing treatment (a more invasive heart catheterization procedure) was administered only to individuals with doctor-diagnosed heart problems, who are presumably more familiar with these types of medical decisions, and resulted in a sample of 295 adults. The mean for screening is $69 and the mean WTP for treatment that is 85% effective is $5,816. A two-part model is used to identify the factors that influence WTP, as well as the decision to receive the screening/treatment. The data suggests that these factors vary across genders. The data obtained for this study demonstrate construct validity; therefore, the results may provide useful information for policy analysis regarding the screening and treatment of heart attack.
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Mavrouli, Stavroula Maria. "Assessment of factors affecting adoption of a micro-transit service by commuters." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595534905110476.
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Aravena, Novielli Claudia Domenica. "Issues in using stated preference methodologies to value externalities of renewable and non-renewable energy production in Chile." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579562.
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The rapid increase in electricity demand in Chile requires major investments in either renewable or non-renewable sources. This thesis values major externalities of different generation methods. It also investigates several methodological problems in using Stated Preference Methods. The thesis consists of four articles in Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments. The first article considers future electricity supply in Chile by investigating households' preferences for different sources (renewable energy sources (RES), fossil fuels and large hydropower from Chilean Patagonia). Results indicate households are willing to pay a premium for RES. The second article considers the commonly observed internal inconsistency between single-bounded (SB) and double-bounded (DB) contingent valuation estimates found in the same dataset. Informing respondents in advance of the DB institution and Decision Rules for provision of the good is added to repetitive learning as a way to attenuate the SB-DB WTP difference. The third article investigates the implications of employing increasing or decreasing prices vectors on marginal values in a choice experiment and test for evidence consistent with prospect theory. It also analyzes the effect of excluding the price vector on marginal rates of substitutions (MRS) between attributes. Results support Neoclassical Theory. In the fourth article, we relax the assumption that choice experiments respondents attend all attributes and alternatives. Because of the important role that the price of the alternatives can play in the decision making process, we study how the price level may have consequences on consideration given to the other attributes. A discrete mixtures logit approach is used to accommodate respondents ignoring alternatives. Results indicate a higher propensity for respondents not to attend all the attributes in low cost as opposed to in high cost alternatives.