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Journal articles on the topic 'State unification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

DUFF, M. J. "STATE OF THE UNIFICATION ADDRESS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01a (October 2001): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01006322.

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After reviewing how M-theory subsumes string theory, I report broadly on some new and interesting developments, focusing on the "brane world": circumventing no-go theorems for supersymmetric brane-worlds, complementarity of the Maldacena and Randall-Sundrum pictures; self-tuning of the cosmological constant. I conclude with the top ten unsolved problems.

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2

Seidl, Barbara, and Gloria Friend. "The Unification of Church and State." Journal of Teacher Education 53, no. 2 (March 2002): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487102053002006.

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3

Bickford, Andrew. "Soldiers, Citizens, and the State: East German Army Officers in Post-Unification Germany." Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 2 (March 20, 2009): 260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509000127.

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Despite official narratives of a relatively smooth transition, of the merging of “those things which belong together,” German unification and the formation of a new German state has been an uneven project filled with friction and animosity. While the West German government celebrated the “victory” of unification, and stated that all East Germans wanted unification, one group of East Germans did not look forward to the dissolution of the GDR: members of the East German military, the Nationale Volksarmee (National People's Army, or NVA). Disbanded immediately upon unification, the overwhelming majority of NVA officers were left unemployed overnight, stripped of their status as officers and portrayed by the West Germans as the “losers” of the Cold War. For these men, unification was not a joyous, desired event; rather, it represented the end of their careers, security, status, and the state they had sworn to defend. As such, the “fall” into democracy for these men was from the start fraught with uncertainty, disappointment, anomie, and a profound sense of loss.

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4

Ramaswamy, Mahesh, and S. Asha. "Caste Politics and State Integration: a Case Study of Mysore State." International Journal of Area Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijas-2015-0009.

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Abstract The subject of unification is as vibrant as national movement even after 58 years of a fractured verdict. More than to achieve a physical conjugation it was an attempt for cultural fusion. The aspiration for linguistic unification was a part of the national discourse. The movement, which began with mystic originations, later on turned out to become communal. Political changes during 1799 A.D. and 1857 A.D. changed the fortunes of Mysore state and ultimately led to its disintegration and became the reason for this movement. The concept of unification is akin to the spirit of nationalism, against the background of colonial regime assigning parts of land to different administrative units without taking into consideration the historical or cultural aspects of that place. Kannadigas marooned in multi lingual states experient an orphaned situation got aroused with the turn of nineteenth century. The problem precipitated by the company was diluted by British when they introduced English education. Though the positive aspect like emergence of middle class is pragmatic, rise of communalism on the other hand is not idealistic. This research paper is designed to examine the polarization of castes during unification movement of Mysore State (Presently called as State of Karnataka, since 1973, which was termed Mysore when integrated) which came into being in 1956 A.D. Most of the previous studies concentrate on two aspects viz ideological discourse and organizational strategies adopted to gain Unification. The course of the unifi cation movement and role of Congress party dominates such studies while some of them concentrate on the leaders of the movement. Other studies are ethnographical in nature. ‘Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats’ written by Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil is a classic example. Mention may be made here of an recent attempt by Harish Ramaswamy in his ‘Karnataka Government and Politics’ which has covered almost all aspects of emergence of Karnataka as a state but communal politics during unification movement has found no place. ‘Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions’ is an edited book by Ashutosh Kumar which has articles on ‘Castes and Politics of Marginality’ where a reference is made to caste associations and identity politics of Lingayats, but the area of study is neighboring Maharashtra and not Karnataka. Though it contains two articles on Karnataka its subject matter doesn’t pertain to this topic. One more important effort is by ‘Imagining Unimaginable Communities: Political and Social Discourse in Modern Karnataka’ where the author Raghavendra Rao thinks Karnataka and India as two unimaginable communities and discuss primarily the founding moments of negotiation between the discourses of Indian nationalism and Kannada linguistic nationalism. It is more an intellectual history and throws light on nationalism in a colonial context. Mostly studies concentrate on either the course or the leaders of the movement. Invariably congress as an organization finds place in all studies. But the blemish of such studies is a lesser concentration on activities of major socio cultural groups. The role of socio cultural groups assumes importance because of the milieu at the beginning of 20th century which annunciated a wave of social changes in the state. It is a known fact that the movement for linguistic state was successful in bringing a political integration of five separate sub regions but failed to unite people culturally. This concept of unification which is akin to the spirit of nationalism got expressed at the regional level in the sense of respect for once own culture, language and people. In case of Karnataka this expression had political overtones too which is expressed by some who fought for it (Srinivas & Narayan, 1946 ). Most of the early leaders of unification movement (and for that matter even movement for independence too can be cited here) belonged to one particular caste, and with passing of time has led to the notion of domination of that caste over the movement. This paper tries to give justice in a limited way by giving legitimate and adequate recognition for those castes which deserves it and do away with misconceptions. Two concepts political modernization and social mobility are used. The later derives its existence from the former in this case. The data used here is primarily gained from news papers and secondary sources like books and interviews given by participants. No hypothesis is tested nor any theory is developed in this attempt but historical materials are examined in the light of modernity. The key problem discussed here is emergence of communal politics and the role of social groups in unification. Biases of regionalism, caste and class have been overcome by rational thinking.

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Coronella, S., A. Lombrano, and L. Zanin. "State accounting innovations in pre-unification Italy." Accounting History Review 23, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21552851.2013.773641.

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6

Shemesh, Y., and N. Francez. "Finite-State Unification Automata and Relational Languages." Information and Computation 114, no. 2 (November 1994): 192–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1085.

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7

Brace, Paul. "State Unification: Domestic Weakness or Foreign Threat?" International Studies Review 15, no. 3 (August 3, 2013): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12057.

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8

Flango, Victor E. "Court Unification and Quality of State Courts." Justice System Journal 16, no. 3 (January 1994): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23277556.1994.10871181.

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9

Schulz, Brigitte H. "Globalisation, unification, and the German welfare state." International Social Science Journal 52, no. 163 (March 2000): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00237.

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10

Kovalesky, Brian. "Unification and Its Discontents." California History 93, no. 2 (2016): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2016.93.2.4.

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In the late 1950s and early 1960s, during the height of protests and actions by civil rights activists around de facto school segregation in the Los Angeles area, the residents of a group of small cities just southeast of the City of Los Angeles fought to break away from the Los Angeles City Schools and create a new, independent school district—one that would help preserve racially segregated schools in the area. The “Four Cities” coalition was comprised of residents of the majority white, working-class cities of Vernon, Maywood, Huntington Park, and Bell—all of which had joined the Los Angeles City Schools in the 1920s and 1930s rather than continue to operate local districts. The coalition later expanded to include residents of the cities of South Gate, Cudahy, and some unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County, although Vernon was eventually excluded. The Four Cities coalition petitioned for the new district in response to a planned merger of the Los Angeles City Schools—until this time comprised of separate elementary and high school districts—into the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The coalition's strategy was to utilize a provision of the district unification process that allowed citizens to petition for reconfiguration or redrawing of boundaries. Unification was encouraged by the California State Board of Education and legislature in order to combine the administrative functions of separate primary and secondary school districts—the dominant model up to this time—to better serve the state's rapidly growing population of children and their educational needs, and was being deliberated in communities across the state and throughout Los Angeles County. The debates at the time over school district unification in the Greater Los Angeles area, like the one over the Four Cities proposal, were inextricably tied to larger issues, such as taxation, control of community institutions, the size and role of state and county government, and racial segregation. At the same time that civil rights activists in the area and the state government alike were articulating a vision of public schools that was more inclusive and demanded larger-scale, consolidated administration, the unification process reveals an often-overlooked grassroots activism among residents of the majority white, working-class cities surrounding Los Angeles that put forward a vision of exclusionary, smaller-scale school districts based on notions of local control and what they termed “community identity.”

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11

HAUSER, RICHARD. "PROBLEMS OF THE GERMAN WELFARE STATE AFTER UNIFICATION." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (1995): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/11.3.44.

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12

Künkler, Mirjam, and Yüksel Sezgin. "The Unification of Law and the Postcolonial State." American Behavioral Scientist 60, no. 8 (April 26, 2016): 987–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764216643808.

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13

Ganssmann, Heiner. "After Unification: Problems Facing the German Welfare State." Journal of European Social Policy 3, no. 2 (May 1993): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892879300300201.

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14

Smolin, Lee. "Unification of the State with the Dynamical Law." Foundations of Physics 45, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-014-9855-4.

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15

Grieves, Forest L., and Charlotte Kahn. "Ten Years of German Unification: One State, Two Peoples." German Studies Review 25, no. 2 (May 2002): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433060.

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16

Kamagata, Kiyoto, Munehito Arai, and Kunihiro Kuwajima. "Unification of the Folding Mechanisms of Non-two-state and Two-state Proteins." Journal of Molecular Biology 339, no. 4 (June 2004): 951–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.015.

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17

Kaytukov, Batraz, and Michail Stepanov. "Current Issues of Mobile Cranes Unification." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825103011.

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The issue of unification of key parts of mobile cranes unification is under study. An explicit comparative analysis of the state of production of mobile cranes in Russia and abroad was carried out. The unit-modular method of completing of crane mechanisms is offered. Creation of efficient unified planetary modular gear trains for mobile

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18

Ranđelović, Nebojša, and Sara Mitić. "The December 1st unification acts: Goals and deviations." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 1 (2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-22960.

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The December 1st acts for the unification of South Slavs in a common state represented the end of the realization of the great idea of unification and the beginning of the process of the dissolution of the new state. The face of the realization of this idea is the chronology of events, which points out the ascending path of the work of Serbia and the National Council on the ultimate unification. The back is represented by the confusion of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the work of the National Council in those circumstances. Often with some of its members having no feeling for the reality of events, the Central committee of the National Council formulated a "Naputak" (binding instructions for its delegation sent to Belgrade on 28th November 1918.). Pressed by the speed of events and real dangers (Italian pretensions, the impossibility of maintaining order without armed forces etc.), the delegation gave up on the contents of the instructions and adjusted it in the Address to regent Aleksandar, which was followed by the declaration of the unification into a common state on the 1st December 1918. The consequences of this kind of union are felt even today.

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19

Ghimire, Tara Nath, Amrit Kumar Shrestha, and Shyam Prasad Phuyel. "Nation Building and Social Values in Nepal." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i1.173.

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Social norms play an important role in the state-building process. If the time of formation of Nepal is considered as the period of unification, then some important facts regarding the formation of the state of Nepal and the structure of the society here can be recounted. Regarding the formation of the nation-state, the structure of the Nepali state, and the position of the Nepali society are not of the same nature. From the pre-unification states of Limbuwan, Khumbuwan, Kirat, Khas, Baisi, Chaubisi, Shen, etc. to the restructuring period of the state, the state structure has not been formed in the recognition of the nation-state. Because the small and big states before unification were states built on power. Due to power, the great form of the Gurkha state had built a unitary Nepal. There is not general recognition of the state-building process of the nation-state. In the same way, even when restructuring the state, that recognition was not accepted. The foundations of federal-state formation, such as language, religion, and the basis of equality and plurality of the population, were also not accepted, which is a form of recognition of the nation-state. In such a situation, this article attempts to study a state-building and social tradition which is already coming together in Nepali society

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20

Young, Brigitte. "Asynchronitäten der deutsch-deutschen Frauenbewegung." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 24, no. 94 (March 1, 1994): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v24i94.1009.

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This article problematizes the much used cliche that Warnen are the main losers of German unification« and suggests that the »disempowerment« of warnen during and after Unification is due to two non-synchronization processes. First, the development of separate East and West German feminist identities has made it difficult for feminists to agree on common goals and strategies, and second, the state centered strategies of feminists fail to take into account the structural transformations of the German state.

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21

Moser, M. Ye. "COUNCIL OF UKRAINE IN THE VISION OF IVAN FRANKO." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 67 (1) (2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2020.1.08.

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The secret places of the native language is a powerful instrument of the Ukrainian state builder. According to Oleksandr Potebnia, the link between languages and ideas, between languages and the associative ideas as well as the culture of a people generates the striving toward a societal unification according to the feature of national identity. In the 19th century, Ukrainians in the Austrian (since 1867: Austro-Hungarian) and in the Russian Empires felt their closeness not only due to similar living conditions, but first and foremost due to their common native language, the language of their reasoning. They strove for unification while they found themselves in different state formations, as is reflected in literary sources as well as in the language of historical and scholarly sources written by eminent Ukrainian intellectuals. In this article, we attempt to demonstrate that this is also true for Ivan Franko’s texts, and we highlight his role for the process of the unification of all parts of Ukraine. Franko was a leading Ukrainian thinker who worked as a writer, journalist and editor of periodicals. He was also a talented organizer of cultural and educational societies, and he was active in politics. The liberation and the unification of the Ukrainian people was an essential part of his program in all these spheres. His ideas exerted great impact on Galician intellectuals and had a genuine effect on the unification of Ukraine and, particularly, on the «Act zluky» (the «Unification Act») of 22 January 1919.

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22

Chung, Young Chul. "Reflection on Approaching with The State-Nation Priority for Unification." Journal of the Humanities for Unification 74 (June 30, 2018): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21185/jhu.2018.6.74.227.

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23

Daugherty, Gary W. "Unification of the models for types, classes and state machines." Computer Standards & Interfaces 19, no. 7 (November 1998): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(98)00022-1.

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24

Offe, Claus. "The German Welfare State: Principles, Performance and Prospects After Unification." Thesis Eleven 63, no. 1 (November 2000): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513600063000003.

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25

McKnight, Phil. "Iphigenia, King Arthur, and the East German state after unification." Contemporary Theatre Review 4, no. 2 (October 1995): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10486809508568373.

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26

Ganßmann, Heiner. "Einigung als Angleichung? Sozialpolitische Folgen des deutschen Einigungsprozesses,." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 23, no. 91 (June 1, 1993): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v23i91.1034.

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Against the Standard hypothesis that German unification will sooner or later end with the economic and social structural equality of East and West Germany it is argued that permanent disparities are the more likely result of the unification process, which will not leave the old West German system unchanged. Some of the likely changes of welfare state institutions are discussed.

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27

Rummel, R. "Height unification using GOCE." Journal of Geodetic Science 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0047-2.

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AbstractWith the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) (preferably combined with the gravity field and climate experiment (GRACE)) a new generation of geoid models will become available for use in height determination. These models will be globally consistent, accurate (<3 cm) and with a spatial resolution up to degree and order 200, when expressed in terms of a spherical harmonic expansion. GOCE is a mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). It is the first satellite equipped with a gravitational gradiometer, in the case of GOCE it measures the gradient components Vxx , Vyy, Vzzand Vxz. The GOCE gravitational sensor system comprises also a geodetic global positioning system (GPS)-receiver, three star sensors and ion-thrusters for drag compensation in flight direction. GOCE was launched in March 2009 and will fly till the end of 2013. Several gravity models have been derived from its data, their maximum degree is typically between 240 and 250. In summer 2012 a first re-processing of all level-1b data took place. One of the science objectives of GOCE is the unification of height systems. The existing height offsets among the datum zones can be determined by least-squares adjustment. This requires several precise geodetic reference points available in each height datum zone, physical heights from spirit levelling (plus gravimetry), the GOCE geoid and, in addition, short wavelength geoid refinement from terrestrial gravity anomalies. GOCE allows for important simplifications of the functional and stochastic part of the adjustment model. The future trend will be the direct determination of physical heights (orthometric as well as normal) from precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-positioning in combination with a next generation combined satellite-terrestrial high-resolution geoid model.

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28

Rülke, A., G. Liebsch, M. Sacher, U. Schäfer, U. Schirmer, and J. Ihde. "Unification of European height system realizations." Journal of Geodetic Science 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0048-1.

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AbstractA suitable representation of the regional gravity field is used to estimate relative offsets between national height system realizations in Europe. The method used is based on a gravimetric approach and benefits from the significant improvements in the determination of the global gravity field by the recent satellite gravity missions the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorerr (GOCE). The potential of these missions for the unification of height reference frames is analyzed in terms of accuracy and spatial resolution. The results of the gravimetric approach are compared to the independent results of the geodetic leveling approach. Advantages and drawbacks of both methods are discussed.

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29

Halfmann, Jost. "Immigration and Citizenship in Germany: Contemporary Dilemmas." Political Studies 45, no. 2 (June 1997): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00080.

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The paper starts from a paradox of contemporary German politics: after the unification of the two Germanies the ethnocultural grounding of German citizenship has lost its historical meaning; at the same time violent conflicts and heated debate over the rights to full membership for immigrants in the German state have developed. After a theoretical discussion of the notions of nation state, citizenship, and immigration, the development of the contemporary paradox of citizenship is sketched historically using two pairs of distinctions: nationhood v. statehood and political v. social (state-mediated) inclusion. The paradox of ‘ethnicized’ conflicts over Germans v. foreigners is interpreted as a discrepancy between membership in the state on the one hand and membership in the welfare state system on the other – a discrepancy which currently is ‘overdetermined’ by the socio-economic consequences of unification.

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30

Yaroslavivna, Fursa Svitlana, Kukhniuk Dmitriy Vladimirovich, Bondar Iryna Vadymivna, Maliarchuk Liubov Sergiivna, and Derii Olena Olexsandrivna. "Role of the Philosophy of Law in the process of unifying the legal systems of the members of the European Union in the context of the Common Framework of Reference Project v." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 68 (March 7, 2021): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.29.

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The study discusses the role of the philosophy of law in the process of unifying legal systems through the prism of the principles of the Draft Common Framework of Reference in Europe. The application of the philosophy of law in unification processes is also a necessary condition for the implementation of these processes about human rights and the sovereign interests of the State, which implements the unification of the legal order. Hence, the issue of European integration determines the strategic direction of the state, and this leads to the unification of law. The study aims to identify the role of the philosophy of law in the processes of unifying the legal systems of the European Union and its importance in the use of principles in these processes, justifying the need to use the philosophy of law in any process of transformation. It is concluded that the philosophy of law is a bridge harmonized with the legal sphere of operation of both individual states and supranational associations.

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31

Cosmopoulos. "State Formation in Greece: Iklaina and the Unification of Mycenaean Pylos." American Journal of Archaeology 123, no. 3 (2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3764/aja.123.3.0349.

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32

Pastović, Dunja. "Unification of Criminal Law in the Interwar Yugoslav State (1918–1941)." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 12, no. 4 (2019): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.19.027.11645.

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Kang, Il Sun, and Hyeong Soo Jeon. "A Study on the Role and Task Social State Unification Germany." Journal of international area studies 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2003): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2003.04.7.1.3.

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34

Raadsen, Mark P. H., and Michiel C. J. Bliemer. "Steady-state link travel time methods: Formulation, derivation, classification, and unification." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 122 (April 2019): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2019.01.014.

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35

Kim, Mi-Kyung, and John D. Robertson. "Analysing German Unification: State, Nation and the Quest for Political Community." German Politics 11, no. 3 (December 2002): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714001304.

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36

Kvistad, Gregg O. "The ‘borrowed language’ of German unification: State, society and party identity." German Politics 3, no. 2 (August 1994): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644009408404361.

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37

Rapson, Michael J., Jonathan C. Tapson, and David Karpul. "Unification and extension of monolithic state space and iterative cochlear models." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 5 (May 2012): 3935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3699238.

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38

Jones, Elizabeth B. "Fixing Prussia's Peripheries: Rural Disasters and Prusso-German State-Building, 1866–1914." Central European History 51, no. 2 (June 2018): 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938918000432.

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AbstractIn the 1860s, rural disasters on Prussia's eastern and western peripheries forced lawmakers to wrestle with the definition of the termemergency(Notstand), as well as with its temporal and spatial boundaries. The article first explores the legislative decision by Berlin politicians to limit state aid to East Prussia in 1868, even as other hunger crises devastated remote regions in the northwestern state of Hanover. The article then turns to the political conflicts over the 1868 law, including the disputes after unification over how to determine eligibility for state funds; the jostling among representatives of poor regions for attention; the creation of permanent relief funds; and politicians’ use of new understandings of moor science to strengthen and link Prussia's eastern and western peripheries. The article also considers the larger political context, emphasizing that the dismay over Prussian “backwardness” and inner-Prussian competition for disaster aid unfolded against the backdrop of the state's successful leadership during German unification.

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39

N.O., Kleshchenko. "Theoretical aspect of unification of legislation." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-19.

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The article examines the theoretical aspect of unification and its impact on the effectiveness of legislation. It is noted that regardless of the place of creation, the legislative process has always been and remains a difficult task, the solution of which requires a comprehensive approach. Unification is studied from a philological and legal point of view. It is emphasized that unification has been actively studied with the development of international organizations, and is an effective way to regulate legislation and integration into the international legal space, as expressed in the joint cooperation of different countries through the adoption of similar legal acts. It is now widespread in the legal systems of countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Finland, where maritime, trade, contractual, binding legislation, etc. are unified. Unification directly affects the quality of legislation, as well as contributes to the convergence of legal systems. In general, it can be described as a way of converging legal systems by forming a uniform legal regulation within the relevant legal space. The points of view of legal scholars on the definition of the concept of unification of legislation are considered. Unification is characterized as a process of streamlining legislation in order to uniformly regulate social relations in different legal systems. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory implementation of unified norms in the domestic law of the state. Key words: unification of legislation, legal regulation, implementation, system of legislation.

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40

Доронина, Наталия, and Nataliya Doronina. "Diffusion in Law as Trend for Private International Law Unification: To the Issue of Data Protection Law Object." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 5 (April 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10728.

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Foreign law can be an important object of informational legal relations. Different states compose unified registers of legislative acts. In the long run creation of national information resources on the basis of the current legislation contributes to interpenetration of legal norms into foreign legal systems. In the age of globalization cooperation between states on a contractual basis opens large-scale prospects for establishing business and other contacts between citizens and legal entities of different state affiliations. But the use of this method of law unification faces difficulties related to implementation of the international treaties’ norms into the national legal system. Also difficulties stem from the fact that after implementation into the national legal system international treaties’ norms do not have a uniform interpretation. Due to the existence of the problems in unification of law through international treaties other ways of unification of law of various states are being explored. Diffusion in law, based on the penetration of foreign law norms into the national legal system is one of such ways. The way of diffusion in law envisages the application of unified categories of institutes and legal rules enacted in this or that state as the most efficient legal norms, institutes. This way of unification of law gains more and more recognition due to the fact that it does not face the problems characteristic for unification of law through international-treaties, but accomplishes the same goals&nbsp;Tire ensures harmonious interaction between various legal systems in law.

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Grosul, Vladislav. "Pro-Moldovan manifestations in Romania at the end of the 19th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10-2 (October 1, 2020): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi39.

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The unification Moldavia and Walachia in 1859-1866 led to the destruction of Moldavian statehood that had lasted for 500 years. The unification resulted in serious economic turmoil in Moldavia, which, in its turn, ignited an active Moldavian movement. The year 1866 even saw an attempt to separate Moldavia from the united Romanian state, which was suppressed by the wallachian army. The article describes various form of the moldavian movement dating from 1866 till the end of the 19th century.

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42

Guangzhou, Ge. "Exploration of the unification of fields." Physics Essays 32, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-32.3.399.

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This article may be deemed as an exploration on the unification of fields as well as a discussion of the completeness in physics. This author tended to support the viewpoint of Einstein and believed that the Uncertainty Principle should be in itself incomplete, and that the representation of the state function ψ should not be complete in quantum mechanics. Following a series of discussions, including the hypothesis of a new quantum, the relativity of electromagnetic field, and the general equivalence principle, this author proposes here a new field equation called Hamilton’s tensor equation (HTE). Acting as the complete presentation of Einstein’s field equation and as an extension of Hamilton’s principle, what this new field equation (HTE) has revealed is that the “virtuality” of space‐time, rather than its curvature, is what determines the distribution and movement of matter and energy. Based on this new field equation (HTE), the author has extended the study to include the unification of fields, a model of new particle, and the phenomenon of black hole.

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Segal, Zef. "Communication and State Construction: The Postal Service in German States, 1815–1866." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 4 (February 2014): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00610.

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A comparison between five nineteenth-century German states demonstrates the importance of postal systems for nation-building and nationalism. Prior to the formal unification of Germany under Emperor Wilhelm of Prussia in 1871, the various German states evinced scant political, administrative, social, or geographical cohesion until their postal systems created a communications infrastructure that gradually eroded traditional barriers.

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Tsvetkov, Milcho, Konstantin Stavrev, Katya Tsvetkova, Asen Mutafov, and Michail-Ernesto Michailov. "Schmidt Telescope Plate Archives." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 148 (1995): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100021849.

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DYMNIKOVA, I., and M. KRAWCZYK. "EQUATION OF STATE AND TEMPERATURE OF MASSIVE NONRELATIVISTIC BOSONS ARISING IN THE UNIVERSE AT THE FIRST STAGE OF REHEATING." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 40 (December 28, 1995): 3069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395003203.

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We consider heavy nonrelativistic bosons with masses M~MGUT which arise in the Universe during phase transitions with spontaneous symmetry breaking at the grand unification scale. In the frame of statistical mechanics approach with model-independent description of cosmological background we show that the process of emerging of massive GUT bosons looks like evaporation of a Bose condensate. First massive nonrelativistic bosons behave like ideal quantum degenerate Bose gas which has the Gibbons-Hawking temperature due to the presence of the de Sitter event horizon.

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Han, Seungdae. "Study of the State and Task of Government-supported University Unification Education." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 9, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 1201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.9.6.86.

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Galvez, Carmen, and Félix Moya-Anegón. "The unification of institutional addresses applying parametrized finite-state graphs (P-FSG)." Scientometrics 69, no. 2 (November 2006): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-006-0156-3.

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Canova, Fabio, and Morten O. Ravn. "The Macroeconomic Effects of German Unification: Real Adjustments and the Welfare State." Review of Economic Dynamics 3, no. 3 (July 2000): 423–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/redy.2000.0096.

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Blel, Mongi, and Youssèf Ben Cheikh. "d-orthogonality of a generalization of both Laguerre and Hermite polynomials." Georgian Mathematical Journal 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2018-0043.

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AbstractIn this work, we give a unification and generalization of Laguerre and Hermite polynomials for which the orthogonal property is replaced by d-orthogonality. We state some properties of these new polynomials.

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Nalyvaiko, Oleh, and Valeriia Shtunder. "Development of the constitutional process in Ukraine: realities and prospects." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 2(16) (June 30, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2021.235474.

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Peculiarities and problems of the process of reforming the main constitutional institutions are studied. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the domestic constitutional process continues throughout the period of formation of an independent, democratic and legal Ukrainian state, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of our civil society. It is stated, that integration from the general philosophical point of view is a process or actions that result in integrity, unification, connection, restoration of unity. The dictionary of foreign words states that integration is the unification of any parts, elements. Integration develops on the basis of the internationalization of the whole civil society, which is accelerated by scientific and technological progress. States, involved in the integration process, share positive experiences. It was found out, that the current stage of state building requires scientific support of Ukraine up to European standards of public life. In the current European integration conditions, modern Ukraine, as never before, needs a correct and reasonable process of adopting a new version of the Basic Law. Since the state power plays a very important role in the transformation of Ukraine into a democratic, strong and integral state, the power of our state must focus its efforts on bringing the constitutional modernization to a certain level and implement it. It is established, that the main criterion for the division of the "constitutional process" into separate types is its essential features. Depending on the scope and practical implementation of the relevant elements of the «constitutional process», its content can be considered in different directions, which were proved above. A significant number of domestic scholars who have devoted their work to the «constitutional process» use this term as a description of the systems of relevant events that took place during a certain period (stages of the process) and preceded or directly were the time of the Constitution of Ukraine

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