Academic literature on the topic 'State, The – Moral and ethical aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Sychev, A. A., E. V. Zaytseva, and P. S. Tolkachev. "MORAL-ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-1-36-42.
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At the present stage, the digital (information) economy is playing an increasingly important role in the world economy and national economies. Using rapid exchange of information benefits allows economic agents at all levels (from ordinary consumers to large corporations and state bodies, regulating economic relations) to make more accurate decisions in various economic issues. It is obvious, that the creation of the Russian information system will be able to increase the efficiency of our national economy (including the objectives of its state regulation) and at the same time raise the level of the country’s security. However, the effective use of the digital economy does not only depend on the level of development of the technical base of the information system. Only the moral state of society can send the information received for the benefit of all its members.
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Sholla, Sahil, Roohie Naaz Mir, and Mohammad Ahsan Chishti. "Eventuality of an Apartheid State of Things." International Journal of Technoethics 9, no. 2 (July 2018): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2018070106.
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Notwithstanding the potential of IoT to revolutionise our personal and social lives, the absence of a solid framework of ethics may lead to situations where smart devices are used in ways uncongenial to the moral fabric of a society. In this work, the authors seek to provide a conceptual framework toward incorporating ethics in IoT. They employ the concept of object for each smart device in order to represent ethics relevant to its context. Moreover, the authors propose dedicating a separate ethics layer in the protocol stack of smart devices to account for socio-cultural ethical aspects of a society. The ethics layer enables us to account for ethical responsibilities of smart devices vis-a-vis society so that inadvertent physical, emotional or psychological harm to human beings is avoided. Such mechanism ensures that devices operate ethically not only at individual level but also at D2D level to give rise to high order ethical structures e.g. ethical home, ethical office, ethical university, ethical city, etc.
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Fischer Grönlund, Catarina EC, Anna IS Söderberg, Karin M. Zingmark, S. Mikael Sandlund, and Vera Dahlqvist. "Ethically difficult situations in hemodialysis care – Nurses' narratives." Nursing Ethics 22, no. 6 (August 7, 2014): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014542677.
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Background: Providing nursing care for patients with end-stage renal disease entails dealing with existential issues which may sometimes lead not only to ethical problems but also conflicts within the team. A previous study shows that physicians felt irresolute, torn and unconfirmed when ethical dilemmas arose. Research question: This study, conducted in the same dialysis care unit, aimed to illuminate registered nurses’ experiences of being in ethically difficult situations that give rise to a troubled conscience. Research design: This study has a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Participants: Narrative interviews were carried out with 10 registered nurses working in dialysis care. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University. Results: One theme, ‘Calling for a deliberative dialogue’, and six sub-themes emerged: ‘Dealing with patients’ ambiguity’, ‘Responding to patients’ reluctance’, ‘Acting against patients’ will’, ‘Acting against one’s moral convictions’, ‘Lacking involvement with patients and relatives’ and ‘Being trapped in feelings of guilt’. Discussion: In ethically difficult situations, the registered nurses tried, but failed, to open up a dialogue with the physicians about ethical concerns and their uncertainty. They felt alone, uncertain and sometimes had to act against their conscience. Conclusion: In ethical dilemmas, personal and professional integrity is at stake. Mistrusting their own moral integrity may turn professionals from moral actors into victims of circumstances. To counteract such a risk, professionals and patients need to continuously deliberate on their feelings, views and experiences, in an atmosphere of togetherness and trust.
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Schipper, Karen, Elleke Landeweer, and Tineke A. Abma. "Living with end-stage renal disease: Moral responsibilities of patients." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 8 (January 18, 2017): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016687154.
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Background: Living with a renal disease often reduces quality of life because of the stress it entails. No attention has been paid to the moral challenges of living with renal disease. Objectives: To explore the moral challenges of living with a renal disease. Research design: A case study based on qualitative research. We used Walker’s ethical framework combined with narrative ethics to analyse how negotiating care responsibilities lead to a new perspective on moral issues. Participants and research context: One case was chosen from 20 qualitative interviews with renal patients in the Netherlands. Ethical considerations: Several actions have been taken to ensure the informed consent, privacy, anonymity and confidentiality of the patient in this article. More details are offered in this article. The study has been conducted in line with the recommendations of the Medical Ethical Committee of the VU Medical Center. Findings: A renal disease can force people to change their identity, relationships, values and responsibilities. The case study illustrates the moral challenges confronting renal patients. Discussion and conclusion:: Moral issues can be raised by the changes to identities, relationships, values and responsibilities caused by renal disease. Support services for renal patients and their relatives should pay more attention to these issues in order to promote self-management.
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McAndrew, Natalie Susan, Jane Leske, and Kathryn Schroeter. "Moral distress in critical care nursing: The state of the science." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016664975.
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Background: Moral distress is a complex phenomenon frequently experienced by critical care nurses. Ethical conflicts in this practice area are related to technological advancement, high intensity work environments, and end-of-life decisions. Objectives: An exploration of contemporary moral distress literature was undertaken to determine measurement, contributing factors, impact, and interventions. Review Methods: This state of the science review focused on moral distress research in critical care nursing from 2009 to 2015, and included 12 qualitative, 24 quantitative, and 6 mixed methods studies. Results: Synthesis of the scientific literature revealed inconsistencies in measurement, conflicting findings of moral distress and nurse demographics, problems with the professional practice environment, difficulties with communication during end-of-life decisions, compromised nursing care as a consequence of moral distress, and few effective interventions. Conclusion: Providing compassionate care is a professional nursing value and an inability to meet this goal due to moral distress may have devastating effects on care quality. Further study of patient and family outcomes related to nurse moral distress is recommended.
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Lang, P. P. "Human rights activities: legal and moral aspects." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-2-14-20.
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The article considers human rights activities as a phenomenon that constitutes an integral part of the legal society. It identifies problems of a theoretical and practical nature associated with difficulties in this area, caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and other reasons. An attempt has been made to assess the legal and moral and ethical aspects of such a necessary activity at the present stage of the development of public relations, attention is paid to the position of international bodies regarding human rights activities, its goals and objectives. The importance and relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that, in the opinion of human rights defenders themselves, the entire system of human rights protection, created after one of the most terrible periods in modern world history, is going through a crisis at this historical stage, which is increasingly aggravated under the influence of numerous problems of political and economic nature. Military conflicts, migration, a pandemic clearly demonstrate the obvious need to address the issue of the essence of human rights activities, including its moral and ethical component.
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Ko, Hsun-Kuei, Hui-Chen Tseng, Chi-Chun Chin, and Min-Tao Hsu. "Phronesis of nurses: A response to moral distress." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019833126.
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Background: As moral action could help nurses reduce moral distress, it is necessary to carry out qualitative research to present the experiences in which nurses apply moral action. Aim: To describe and analyze the phronesis applied by nurses in the face of moral distress. Research design: The research participants were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. The research materials were based on the stories described by the research participants and recorded by means of first-person narrative. Narrative analysis was applied to interpret the nurses’ phronesis. Participants: Twenty-seven nurses from Taiwan. Ethical considerations: The Institutional Review Board of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital in Taiwan confirmed that this study passed the research ethical review. Findings: According to the narrative analysis results, the phenomenon of moral distress contains difficulty, action, and idea transformation. The difficulty is the source of moral distress, action is the practice of moral courage, and idea transformation is the nurse’s emotional movement. Action and idea transformation are collectively called phronesis in this study. Discussion: Moral distress refers to a state of suffering caused by situations in which nurses cannot carry out their ethical intentions. Phronesis is the process through which nurses take actions and relocate the subjects and is an ethical way to find relief from moral distress. Starting with empathy and respectful attitudes arising from self-reflection, nurses may be helped to get relief from the suffering of moral distress. Conclusion: Phronesis can help nurses positively face the emotional strain of moral distress. This article puts forward a narrative method to complete the four steps of phronesis: write about the care experience, identify the difficulties in the stories, seek the possibility of action, and form a new care attitude, which could help nurses learn to reduce their moral distress.
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Marsh, Wendy, Ann Robinson, Jill Shawe, and Ann Gallagher. "Removal of babies at birth and the moral distress of midwives." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019874503.
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Background Midwives and nurses appear vulnerable to moral distress when caring for women whose babies are removed at birth. They may experience professional dissatisfaction and their relationships with women, families and colleagues may be compromised. The impact of moral distress may manifest as anger, guilt, frustration, anxiety and a desire to give up their profession. While there has been much attention exploring the concept of moral distress in midwifery, this is the first study to explore its association in this context. Aim This article explores midwives’ experiences of moral distress when providing care to women whose babies were removed at birth and gives valuable insight into an issue nurses and midwives encounter in their profession. Methods Four mothers and eight midwives took part in this research. Narrative inquiry incorporating photo-elicitation techniques was used to generate data; mothers were interviewed face to face and midwives through focus groups. The images and audio data were collected, transcribed and analysed for emerging themes. For the purpose of this article, only the midwives’ stories are reported. This research received a favourable ethical opinion from the University of Surrey Ethics committee. Ethical considerations This study received a favourable ethical approval from a higher education institutes ethics committee. Results Midwives who care for women whose babies are removed at birth report it as one of the most distressing areas of contemporary clinical practice. Furthermore, they report feelings of guilt, helplessness and betrayal of the midwife–mother relationship. Many of the midwives in this study state that these experiences stay with them for a long time, far more than more joyful aspects of their role. Conclusion Midwives experience moral distress. Support systems, education and training must be available to them if we are to reduce the long-term impact upon them, alleviate their distress and prevent them from leaving the profession.
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Romanova, I., N. Laas, and E. Gurova. "Moral Standards in the Organization: the Regulatory Nature and Management of Ethical Behavior of Employees." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-2-23-30.
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The article presents the results of a study (questionnaire survey) of managers and ordinary employees of public and private Russian organizations on the problem of the regulatory role of ethical rules for labor / organizational behavior and the management of ethical actions of personnel. The answers of respondents to the questionnaire about the mission of moral standards in the organization and the importance of their observance are analyzed in detail and presented; on the state of compliance with ethical canons in the organization, detailed reasons and forms of their violation; on the preferred sanctions for violation / observance of moral standards; o the presence of Ethical Codes in companies and their purpose.
The results of the survey showed that ethical norms are the most important regulator of labor / organizational behavior, and their most important purpose is "the development of good relations between employees." Most of the respondents are satisfied with the state of observance of moral standards in their organizations, and also believe that the management pays sufficient attention to their observance. The study revealed that the main cause of violation of moral standards in companies is the personal characteristics of employees, then the management style, and then organizational factors. The most “popular” form of deviation from moral rules in the eyes of respondents is shirking orders. At the same time, the leading role of management is indicated as a role model, which is followed by ordinary employees when choosing ethical or unethical actions. For the most part, the organizations have not developed and do not have Codes of Ethics, the mission of which, according to the participants of the survey, is to orient staff towards ethical behavior and resolve the moral problems of the organization. At the same time, the respondents indicated that it is necessary to apply sanctions both for deviating from moral rules and for observing them.
The research results are practice-oriented. At the same time, they cannot reflect the entire variety of aspects of the influence of the regulatory essence of moral canons on labor / organizational behavior and its management system.
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Numminen, Olivia, Jouko Katajisto, and Helena Leino-Kilpi. "Development and validation of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (September 5, 2018): 2438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018791325.
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Background: Moral courage is required at all levels of nursing. However, there is a need for development of instruments to measure nurses’ moral courage. Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a scale to measure nurses’ self-assessed moral courage, to evaluate the scale’s psychometric properties, and to briefly describe the current level of nurses’ self-assessed moral courage and associated socio-demographic factors. Research design: In this methodological study, non-experimental, cross-sectional exploratory design was applied. The data were collected using Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale and analysed statistically. Participants and research context: The data were collected from a convenience sample of 482 nurses from four different clinical fields in a major university hospital in Finland for the final testing of the scale. The pilot comprised a convenience sample of 129 nurses. Ethical considerations: The study followed good scientific inquiry guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee and permission to conduct the study from the participating hospital. Findings: Psychometric evaluation showed that the 4-sub-scale, 21-item Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale demonstrates good reliability and validity at its current state of development showing a good level of internal consistency for a new scale, the internal consistency values ranging from 0.73 to 0.82 for sub-scales and 0.93 for the total scale, thus well exceeding the recommended Cronbach’s alpha value of >0.7. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical construct of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale. Face validity and expert panel assessments markedly contributed to the relevance of items in establishing content validity. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale provides a new generic instrument intended for measuring nurses’ self-assessed moral courage. Recognizing the importance of moral courage as a part of nurses’ moral competence and its assessment offers possibilities to develop interventions and educational programs for enhancement of moral courage. Research should focus on further validation measures of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale in international contexts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Brake, Elizabeth. "Marriage, contract, and the state." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14482.
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This thesis is a work of applied moral and political philosophy which analyses the moral value of marriage and argues for a restructuring of the legal institution of marriage in accordance with principles of justice. The first section contains exegesis and criticism of Kant's and Hegel's accounts of marriage. Kant's focus is on the contractual exchange of rights, Hegel's on the nature of the relationship between the spouses. In the second section, I consider Kantian, Hegelian, and eudaimonistic accounts of the moral value of marriage and conclude that moral value is found in the relationship between the spouses, not in the rights established through the marriage contract. In order to defend the position that loving relationships have moral value, I elucidate what moral value love for a particular other has within a universalist ethics. While I argue that marriage has no moral value which is not to be found in such relationships, I defend a Hegelian account which locates social value in the institution of marriage precisely because it promotes such relationships. In the final section, I argue that the principle of liberal neutrality requires that the principle of freedom of contract should apply to marriage. While I defend the institution of marriage against certain feminist criticisms, I also argue that justice requires that the state recognize same-sex and polygamous unions as marriages. Freedom of contract may be limited under certain conditions in the interest of gender equality; I argue for an interpretation of Rawls' principle of equal opportunity which entails that liberalism is committed to addressing gender inequality even at the expense of freedom of contract.
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Kraybill, Ronald Sherer. "An Anabaptist paradigm for conflict transformation : critical reflections on peacemaking in Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16126.
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Bibliography: pages 264-277.This thesis outlines a proposal from an explicitly religious standpoint of the key dimensions of peacebuilding, focusing particularly on mediation and facilitation as a primary task. What is the value of such a study? My initial responses in the paragraphs which follow are made at the broadest possible level: the desperate need for effective peacebuilders in a world torn by violence and the potential for religiously-based peacebuilders to fill that need. I then support this response by examining other reasons for the study: the current inadequacy of religious response to conflicts, the danger of manipulation of religious leadership by other actors, and potential for the insights of religiously-based actors to contribute to the over-all practice of peacebuilding and diplomacy. In addressing the latter question I outline my own understanding of the meaning of "religion", an understanding whose impact on the broad question of peacebuilding I explore throughout the chapters which follow.
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Grant, Elizabeth Michelle. "Private Property in America: Land Use and the Ethics of Owning Land." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4964/.
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Private property in the United States arose out of a tradition that emphasized the individual freedom to control holdings without interference from governmental influences. A sharp distinction between society as a whole and individual rights isolated ownership of private property from a notion of the common good. This dualistic framework excludes the possibility for forms of property that do not fall completely into either category. Property ownership attitudes are central to issues that often divide environmentalists and landowners. Property rights must be put in the context to understand the divergence between landowner attitudes and provisions made when the institution of private property was created. Finally, land itself as a type of property should be considered ethically distinct from other forms of property because of the interdependencies of human and nonhuman interests that the science of ecology has revealed.
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Audrain, Susan Connor. "Ethics in Technical Communication: Historical Context for the Human Radiation Experiments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4820/.
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To illustrate the intersection of ethical language and ethical frameworks within technical communication, this dissertation analyzes the history and documentation of the human radiation experiments of the 1940s through the 1970s. Research propositions included clarifying the link between medical documentation and technical communication by reviewing the literature that links the two disciplines from the ancient period to the present; establishing an appropriate historiography for the human radiation experiments by providing a context of the military, political, medical, and rhetorical milieu of the 1940s to the 1970s; closely examining and analyzing actual human radiation experiment documentation, including proposals, letters, memos, and consent forms, looking for established rhetorical constructions that indicate a document adheres to or diverts from specific ethical frameworks; and suggesting the importance of the human radiation documents for studying ethics in technical communication. Close rhetorical analysis of the documents included with this project reveals consistent patterns of metadiscourse, passive and nominal writing styles, and other rhetorical constructions, including negative language, redundancies, hedges, and intensifiers, that could lead a reader to misunderstand the writer's original ethical purpose. Ultimately this project finds that technical communicators cannot classify language itself as ethical or unethical; the language is simply the framework with which the experimenters construct their arguments and communicate their work. Technical communicators can, however, consider the ethical nature of behavior according to specific ethical frameworks and determine whether language contributes to the behavior.
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Khewu-Mokati, N. P. D. "The use of animals by African people (Blacks) : an ethical perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52584.
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Thesis (MPhil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This ethical case study of public slaughter has indicated that there is an urgent need to address the issue of public slaughter, because it has resulted in animosity and polarisation between black and white people living in the Goldfields. Black people feel that their rights are violated, and they are not protected by the government because they encounter problems when practising their rituals. White people feel that the government is not protecting them from the health hazards caused by black people. The ultimate aim of the study is to contribute to and amplify the existing body of knowledge with regard to the extent of the problem experienced by people in the Goldfields, its impact in their every day lives and to propose guidelines that will help when regulations governing environmental issues are drawn. In order to accomplish these aims the following objectives should be realised by this study: • South Africa is a multi-racial country so a uniting policy is needed. • Each culture is unique and it has a special value, so no culture must be marginalised. • The old policy needs to be revised and amendments made. • Identify the actual causes of these problems. Are they racist driven or are they driven by genuine health concerns? This ethical study also indicates that the following are central values that should inform decision-making: • Health. • Respect and tolerance. • Communication. • Participation. Transparency. • Commitment. Based on the findings from the research conducted it is clear that both clashing parties (black and white people) need to live in peace at the ultimate end although their description of peaceful life differs, so the following recommendations are made as to how to address and alleviate problems caused by public slaughter. • A formal meeting must be convened to discuss this critical issue. • Drafted proposals must be produced. • The proposals must be debated. • The proposal must be adopted. • The existing bylaws must be changed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie gevallestudie in etiek oor slagtery in die openbaar is bevind dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek, veralomdat dit in die verlede reeds tot spanning en polarisasie tussen swart en wit groepe in die Goudveld aanleiding gegee het. Swartmense voel dat hulle regte aangetas word en dat hulle nie genoegsaam deur die owerheid beskerm word om hulle rituele uit te voer nie. Witmense voel weer dat die owerheid hulle nie beskerm teen gesondheidsgevare wat geskep word deur swartmense nie. Die uiteindelike doel van hierdie ondersoek is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die uitbouing van bestaande kennis oor die omvang van die probleem wat mense in die Goudveld ondervind met slagtery in die openbaar, wat die impak daarvan is op die alledaagse lewens van mense, en om voorstelle aan die hand te doen wat gebruik kan word wanneer regulasies opgestel word oor omgewingskwessies soos hierdie. Om hierdie oogmerke te bereik sal die volgende punte in hierdie studie aandag ontvang: • Suid-Afrika is 'n veelrassige land, so 'n beleid word benodig wat mense verenig. • Elke kultuur is uniek en het 'n besondere waarde, dus geen kultuur mag gemarginaliseer word nie. • Die bestaande beleid moet hersien en aangepas word. • Die werklike oorsake van die probleme moet geïdentifiseer word. Is hulle rassisties van aard, of gebaseer op werklike gesondheidsoorweginge ? In hierdie etiese studie is ook vasgestel dat die volgende kern-waardes die proses van besluitneming behoort te beïnvloed: • Gesondheid. • Respek en verdraagsaamheid. • Kommunikasie. • Deelname. • Deursigtigheid. • Verbintenis ("commitment"). Vanuit die bevindinge van die navorsing is dit duidelik dat albei die botsende partye (swart- en witmense) uiteindelik in vrede met mekaar moet saamleef, alhoewel hulle omskrywings van 'n vreedsame lewe verskil van mekaar. Gevolglik is die volgende aanbevelings gemaak om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek: • 'n Formele byeenkoms moet saamgeroep word om die kritiese probleem te bespreek. • Skriftelike voorstelle moet vir so 'n byeenkoms opgestel word. • Die voorstelle moet bespreek word. • 'n Voorstel moet aanvaar word. • Die bestaande regulasies moet verander word.
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O'Grady, Taylor Jacob. "Women's health care in American Catholic hospitals : a proposal for navigating ethical conflicts in accessing reproductive health care." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16588.
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The Catholic Church is one of the largest providers of medical care in the US, with 1 in 6 acute-care beds residing in a Catholic hospital. One third of these hospitals are in rural or underserved areas in the US, and advocacy for the vulnerable is a central platform of the Catholic Healthcare Association. Despite this, the Church has been under attack for allegedly putting women at risk of injury or death due to the care restrictions concerning reproductive health stipulated in the Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs). Additionally, scholars are questioning the distinctiveness of the Catholic healthcare mission in practice, pointing to the increased homogenization of Catholic and non-Catholic hospitals. For these reasons, it is necessary to assess if and how women are being harmed in Catholic hospitals and, if there is harm being done, if there is a way to prevent these harms while preserving the Catholic Social Tradition in medicine. In carrying out this assessment, I read the current literature closely to explore both the origins and the practical consequences of these ethical conflicts. Subsequently, I use Chris Durante's "pragmatic perspectivism" to formulate a proposal that considers both Catholic medical ethics and secular medical ethics on the same plane. The proposal suggests the adoption of an alternative and complementary lens for Catholic health care. Using this framework would allow the Church to pursue its health care mission in a fuller sense, unencumbered by the inertia of the medical industry towards homogenization due to legal and economic pressures. It also provides the potential for Catholics to more easily receive Catholic care in all hospitals, not just those under Catholic sponsorship. Importantly, it would also prevent any American woman from being practically forced to receive Catholic care, circumventing many of the ethical conflicts present in the current system.
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Krapf, Elizabeth Maria. "Euthanasia, the Ethics of Patient Care and the Language of Propaganda." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/606.
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This thesis is an examination of euthanasia, eugenics, the ethic of patient care, and linguistic propaganda in the Second World War. The examination of euthanasia discusses not only the history and involvement of the facility at Hadamar in Germany, but also discuss the current euthanasia debate. Euthanasia in World War II arose out of the Nazi desire to cleanse the Reich and was greatly influenced by the American eugenics movement of the early 20th century. Eugenics was built up to include anyone considered undesirable and unworthy of life and killed many thousands of people before the invasion of allied troops in 1944. Paramount to euthanasia is forced sterilization, the ethic of patient care, and how the results of the research conducted on euthanasia victims before their deaths should be used. The Nazis were able to change the generally accepted terms that researchers use to describe their experiments and this change affected how modern doctors and researchers use the terms in current research. This thesis includes research conducted in Germany and the United States from varied resources.
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Groninger, Katherine R. "Museum accountability in Britain and America : ethical standards and fiscal transparency in the twenty-first century." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2593.
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This thesis examines the current state of nonprofit museum accountability in the United Kingdom and United States, assessing methods of achieving fiscal and ethical accountability, as well as the factors that have influenced museum codes and policies to that end. The recent development of museum accountability is couched in corporate culture, government influence, and public expectations, making it an interdisciplinary concern. Yet museum professionalisation, including codes of ethics, conflict of interest management, and agreed-upon standards, has received little attention from researchers. This study engages in empirical research to assess museums’ responses to recent regulations, their execution of governance accountability, and the application of internal controls and fiscal transparency measures. These subjects appraise ethical governance and board member duties, in addition to audit practices and best practice policies. Research reveals inadequacies in the museum accountability systems in both Britain and America. As case studies serve to demonstrate, opportunities remain for financial and ethical misconduct, which can damage the public trust in museums. This thesis is the first broad empirical study to explain museum accountability in Britain or America, collating data across the entire museum sector, creating an industry-wide national framework from the quantitative and qualitative findings. No research has reported on the implementation of best practice measures according to the private, public and third sectors, stakeholders, and by the museum industry itself. Ultimately, this thesis provides unique evidence previously lacking in both the UK and US museum sectors, making it possible to posit and assess specific museums against an accurate national accountability framework.
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Chirwa, Danwood Mzikenge. "Towards binding economic, social and cultural rights obligations of non-state actors in international and domestic law: a critical survey of emerging norms." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study argued that the issue of non-state actors requires a comprehensive response that includes the recognition of both non-binding and binding human rights obligations of these actors. It examined critically the emerging norms on voluntary obligations, state responsibility, and direct responsibility of these actors with regard to human rights at both international and domestic levels.
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Hammer, Sara Jeanne. "The rise of liberal independence and the decline of the welfare state." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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Given the increased interdependency caused by ongoing task differentiation and precarious formal employment, this thesis asks why the stigmatisation of unemployed citizens and the retraction of unemployment benefits have received such widespread support in Australia. I contend that the concepts of dependency and independence, as reflexive
but mutually exclusive dual values, are increasingly used as a framework for welfare discourse. I argue that this framework has ethical ramifications for collective well-being in Australia since it discourages citizens from
acknowledging their own social and economic vulnerability. Using a combination of critical theory and discursive analysis, this thesis analyses discourses relating to poverty, unemployment and social welfare. It tracks the contradictions of this value dualism through selected forms of policy and media discourse literature and will challenge the negative moral valence associated with dependency, offering possible alternatives in the areas of moral anthropology, welfare discourse and social provision in order to reverse the stigmatisation of unemployed citizens.
Books on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Naranjit, Darryl. The righteous state. [Chaguanas? Trinidad]: D. Naranjit, 1987.
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Lacey, Nicola. State punishment: Political principles and community values. London: Routledge, 1994.
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Lacey, Nicola. State punishment: Political principles and community values. London: Routledge, 1988.
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Lacey, Nicola. State punishment: Political principles and community values. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1988.
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The Liberal State and the Politics of Virtue. London: Taylor and Francis, 2017.
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Beckman, Ludvig. The liberal state and the politics of virtue. Stockholm: City University Press, 2000.
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Beckman, Ludvig. The liberal state and the politics of virtue. Stockholm: City University Press, 2000.
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Economy and morality: The philosophy of the welfare state. North Hampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2005.
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A case for sometimes tube-feeding patients in persistent vegetative state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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Novak, Michael. The crisis of the welfare state: Ethics and economics. London: Centre for Policy Studies, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Karasu, Toksoz B. "Ethical Aspects of Psychotherapy." In Psychiatry The State of the Art, 143–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1853-9_20.
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Giosan, Cezar. "Moral and Ethical Aspects in CET." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 31–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38874-4_6.
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Pinet, Genevieve. "Ethical Aspects of Public Health Legislation and the Role of the State." In Ethical Issues in Preventive Medicine, 32–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5163-1_6.
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Kasher, Asa. "At the Edge of Viability: Philosophical, Moral and Ethical Aspects and Proposals." In The Embryo: Scientific Discovery and Medical Ethics, 371–400. Basel: KARGER, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000082237.
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Huppenbauer, Markus, and Carmen Tanner. "Ethical Leadership – How to Integrate Empirical and Ethical Aspects for Promoting Moral Decision Making in Business Practice." In Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms, 239–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01369-5_14.
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Quarteroni, Alfio. "BIG DATA—BIG BROTHER (or, on the Ethical and Moral Aspects of Artificial Intelligence)." In Algorithms for a New World, 55–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96166-4_6.
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Miller, Gloria J. "Artificial Intelligence Project Success Factors—Beyond the Ethical Principles." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 65–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98997-2_4.
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AbstractThe algorithms implemented through artificial intelligence (AI) and big data projects are used in life-and-death situations. Despite research that addresses varying aspects of moral decision-making based upon algorithms, the definition of project success is less clear. Nevertheless, researchers place the burden of responsibility for ethical decisions on the developers of AI systems. This study used a systematic literature review to identify five categories of AI project success factors in 17 groups related to moral decision-making with algorithms. It translates AI ethical principles into practical project deliverables and actions that underpin the success of AI projects. It considers success over time by investigating the development, usage, and consequences of moral decision-making by algorithmic systems. Moreover, the review reveals and defines AI success factors within the project management literature. Project managers and sponsors can use the results during project planning and execution.
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Tigard, Daniel W. "Big Data and the Threat to Moral Responsibility in Healthcare." In Datenreiche Medizin und das Problem der Einwilligung, 11–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62987-1_2.
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AbstractTechnological innovations in healthcare, perhaps now more than ever, are posing decisive opportunities for improvements in diagnostics, treatment, and overall quality of life. The use of artificial intelligence and big data processing, in particular, stands to revolutionize healthcare systems as we once knew them. But what effect do these technologies have on human agency and moral responsibility in healthcare? How can patients, practitioners, and the general public best respond to potential obscurities in responsibility? In this paper, I investigate the social and ethical challenges arising with newfound medical technologies, specifically the ways in which artificially intelligent systems may be threatening moral responsibility in the delivery of healthcare. I argue that if our ability to locate responsibility becomes threatened, we are left with a difficult choice of trade-offs. In short, it might seem that we should exercise extreme caution or even restraint in our use of state-of-the-art systems, but thereby lose out on such benefits as improved quality of care. Alternatively, we could embrace novel healthcare technologies but in doing so we might need to loosen our commitment to locating moral responsibility when patients come to harm; for even if harms are fewer – say, as a result of data-driven diagnostics – it may be unclear who or what is responsible when things go wrong. What is clear, at least, is that the shift toward artificial intelligence and big data calls for significant revisions in expectations on how, if at all, we might locate notions of responsibility in emerging models of healthcare.
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Sholla, Sahil, Roohie Naaz Mir, and Mohammad Ahsan Chishti. "Eventuality of an Apartheid State of Things." In Natural Language Processing, 1214–31. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch059.
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Notwithstanding the potential of IoT to revolutionise our personal and social lives, the absence of a solid framework of ethics may lead to situations where smart devices are used in ways uncongenial to the moral fabric of a society. In this work, the authors seek to provide a conceptual framework toward incorporating ethics in IoT. They employ the concept of object for each smart device in order to represent ethics relevant to its context. Moreover, the authors propose dedicating a separate ethics layer in the protocol stack of smart devices to account for socio-cultural ethical aspects of a society. The ethics layer enables us to account for ethical responsibilities of smart devices vis-a-vis society so that inadvertent physical, emotional or psychological harm to human beings is avoided. Such mechanism ensures that devices operate ethically not only at individual level but also at D2D level to give rise to high order ethical structures e.g. ethical home, ethical office, ethical university, ethical city, etc.
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Giannouli, Vaitsa. "Business Ethics and the Greek Healthcare System." In Ethical Standards and Practice in International Relations, 100–127. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2650-6.ch005.
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This chapter provides a review not only of classic literature on healthcare business and ethics, but also an introduction to the legal changes in the Greek healthcare system with ethical values on focus. A study examining in both a quantitative and qualitative way what the Greek healthcare experts think and feel about ethics and healthcare services presents the factors that shape attitudes towards ethical values from the viewpoint of the healthcare professionals. For this reason, 34 semi-structured interviews, accompanied by the administration of perceived cohesion scale, generalized immediacy scale, job affect scale, state anxiety inventory, Maslach burnout inventory, and the attitude towards business ethics questionnaire revealed that healthcare professionals do have knowledge of ethical values and moral responsibility, but no clear connections with specific emotional aspects were found. The chapter concludes with future directions on how business ethics can be further examined and applied.
Conference papers on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Tebeanu, Ana voichita, and George florian Macarie. "ADDRESSING ETHICAL VALUES IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE. AN ESSAY." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-156.
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Teaching ethical aspects in the social sciences has always been a challenge, both for the professors and students involved. Ethical values and dilemmas can be presented through educational movies, examples from clinical, organizational or pedagogical practice, or even through personal disclosures offered with 'pros' and 'cons' arguments. In the past few years we took over this challenge, when conducting classes and seminaries at the disciplines "Educational Psychology" and "Foundations of Pedagogy" with first and second year students enrolled in the Teachers' Training Module, at the University "POLITEHNICA" of Bucharest. Several themes for applications (e.g., designing and conducting a social experiment; naive subjects; cooperation and empathy; obedience and authority; manipulation of external variables in a social context, e.g. a laboratory or a classroom) tackled the concept of how the moral values develop from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. For their exemplification we chose from time to time to present the series of experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram. In this classical, yet impossible to repeat nowadays experiment, he concluded that people- from various walks of life- obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative, even when acting against their own better judgment, moral values and desires. Discussing with the students about the results of this experiment left us, almost every time, with a controversial state- students divided themselves into 'those who obey' vs. 'rebels', with some of them situating in between ("obeyed but blames themselves') (exactly as the participants in the original experiments!) In the long run, due to this extraordinary reaction we had from our students, these applications used for educational purpose became more complex. Thus, we translated a topic for an essay used by us in a Master of Bioethics program in the USA (2014-2015) and we reframed it for educational purpose. The topic refers to "Death and dying" and presents 6 types of killing which are legally sanctioned in the United States, including, for example, killing in self-defence or the capital punishment. The initial task we had in the Master program was, leaving legality aside and focusing only on morality, to rank each six of the categories in order--most immoral (#1) to least immoral (#6) according to our personal values. In doing so, we were also asked to provide a moral argument to justifying our ranking. Also, we were told that for the purposes of this essay, religious or legal arguments are not acceptable. This essay presents in extenso a personal exemplification of a possible ranking of these categories, the results of the exercise performed with the students, and proposes furthermore an educational framework- ready to be used by them. Thus, we hope to offer a relevant and actual application for teaching ethical issues in an university setting, which goes beyond a mere description of theoretical concepts and provides ethical tools for understanding the social life.
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Makalyutin, Vladsilav. "PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEDIA PROCEDURE IN MODERN RUSSIA." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/142-152.
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The article is devoted to the study of problematic aspects of the implementation of the mediation procedure in Russia. The author noted that mediation on the path of its development in the country encountered a number of obstacles of a moral, ethical, psychological, economic and legislative nature, the solution and settlement of which requires certain efforts both from the side of society and public organizations, and from the state. Using the method of analytical review of theoretical and practical developments of domestic researchers and legislative documents, the article identifies the following problems of mediation: low legal culture of the population; lack of confidence in this service; lack of awareness of society as a whole, and of citizens in particular, about mediation, its advantages as an alternative to the trial method; the position of the parties that do not want to compromise; the difficulty of choosing a mediator - as a highly professional person; mainly the social foundations for the development of mediation and insufficient state support. These problems are interrelated, therefore, their solution requires an integrated approach.
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Alexandrache, Carmen. "ETHICAL AND MORAL ASPECTS OF THE COMMUNIST EDUCATION AND THEIR REFLECTION IN THE HISTORY ROMANIAN." In 11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.2594.
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Kotsiuba, Igor. "Legal and Ethical Aspects of Autonomous Weapons, Cyberattacks, and AI." In Behind the Digital Curtain. Civil Society vs State Sponsored Cyber Attacks. Promote Ukraine, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34054/bdc004.
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"Sinergity of Ethical Aspects and State Defense Characters to Accounting Competency." In 4th International Seminar of Research Month. Galaxy Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2019.0403.
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Casany Guerrero, María José, and Marc Alier Forment. "Debates on tech-related moral dilemas usign ethical theories to teach engineering ethics." In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1364.
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A significant number of universities where engineering is taught acknowledge the influence on society and the environment of the scientific and technological practice, as well as the ethical problems it presents, and the need to provide their students with courses covering this as a subject. The accelerated pace of innovation in these fields amplifies the issue. Computer Engineering schools are no exception. So, the IEEE/ACM Computer Science Curriculum 2013, identifies social issues and professional practice as key knowledge areas that computer undergraduate students must learn. Students should be knowledgeable about the interplay of ethical issues, technical problems, and aesthetic values that play an important part in the development of computing systems. The authors have taught for many years an optional course about the social, and environmental aspects of ICT as well as ethics. In this paper, the authors propose an approach to study ethics in Computer engineering schools. The approach consists in providing students with general ethic frameworks to reason about moral dilemmas as well as providing the basics of deontology. The lessons are complemented with case studies where technology is a key factor. Students are assigned roles to work on the cases and in the end, a discussion is done in the classroom. After the lessons, the authors have observed that students are able to understand and use the tools provided by the teachers to reason about moral dilemmas.
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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, Lucas Murakami, José Antonio Suzano, Jonice Oliveira, Kate Revoredo, and Flávia Maria Santoro. "Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Conference BRACIS?" In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2022.227590.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents many ethical dilemmas, such as explainability, bias, military uses, surveillance capitalism, employment, and jobs. In the scientific context, AI can lead us to a crisis of reproducibility spread across several areas of knowledge and guide mathematicians to solve high complexity problems. Both companies and government forward their guidelines, recommendations, and materials combining Ethics and AI. In this paper, we investigate the involvement of the Brazilian academic-scientific community with moral or ethical aspects through its publications, covering the Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS) as the most prominent Brazilian AI conference. Through a Literature Systematic Review method, we answer the main research question: what is the panorama of the explicit occurrence of ethical aspects in the BRACIS, ENIAC, and STIL conference papers? The results indicate a low occurrence of ethical aspects and increasing behavior over the years. Ethical deliberation was fruitful, constructive, and critical among these few occurrences. Whether in the Brazilian or international context, there are spaces to be filled and open opportunities for exploration along this path.
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Vasileska, Larisa. "Relationship between Ethics, Rule of Law and State Leadership." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.227.
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The study of what is ethically good and bad, as well as what is morally correct and wrong, is known as ethics, also known as moral philosophy. A moral value system or theory is commonly used to refer to any system or theory of moral values or principles. Individuals who lead ethically act in accordance with a set of principles and values that the majority recognizes as a sound foundation for the common good. Integrity, respect, trust, fairness, transparency, and honesty are among them. Integrity is a crucial determinant of trust and a crucial concept for an understanding of governance. Ethics and state leadership policies should be focused on eliminating corruption and establishing strong ethical standards, which will serve to strengthen the credibility and legitimacy of people participating in state decision-making while also protecting the public interest. This paper will analyze the role of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics helps people become more effective leaders. Understanding ethics, integrity, and motivation in order to act as a role model and build a plan of action for state leadership will be discussed, as well as the value of excellent leadership.
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Mata, Liliana, Roxana maria Ghiatau, Alexandra georgiana Poenaru, and Ioana Boghian. "MODELS AND THEORIES OF UNETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-018.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the theories and models based on the exploration of ethical aspects of information technology in higher education. Based on the analysis of literature, three categories of theories have been identified in this field: general theories (the theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, the theory of James Rest), decision making models (the model of Ferrell ?i Gresham, Hunt-Vitell theory (or model) of ethics about ethical decision making in general, Person- situation interactionist model, Bommer's ethical decision-making model, the model of Jones) and information technology models (IT ethical model, the model of unethical usage of information technology, the model of ethical behaviour in computer use, digital piracy attitude model, hypothetical and actual information security compliance models). The general theories have underpinned the later developed models, which have also begun to expand on IT-based models as well. The theory of reasoned action and The theory of planned behavior are the basis for the overwhelming majority of studies on the relationship between attitude, intention and unethical versus ethical behavior. Along with these models, the theories on the stages of moral development can also be considered as they have underpinned the construction of decision models (such as the interactive model) or have provided the foundation for studies related to teachers level of moral reasoning. The result of the analysis of these models will lead to the elaboration of a comprehensive model of factors influencing the attitudes of higher education teachers towards the unethical use of information technology.
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BAKER, Jennifer. "VIRTUE ETHICS BEHIND RIGHTS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.4.
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Virtue ethics is not typically invoked by academics today for the evaluation of political systems or political action. We could, however, recognize its potential role in this regard, turning to the history of its use as illustration. Interpreters who have attempted to theorize about political rights apart from moral psychology fail to recognize the support the underlying moral psychology provides to the notion of rights. Contemporary objections to the use of ethical theory in justifying rights may assume political theory is adequate enough when kept in terms that abstract away from any particular aspects of moral psychology. Yet a virtue-based approach to political system recognizes the desires for freedom, the risk of preferences being subsumed into a consequentialist assessment, and more readily enables agents themselves to assess what is necessary to condemn political systems as well as political efforts, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Key words: Rights, Law, Moral Psychology, Cicero, Virtue, Rawls, Virtue Ethics
Reports on the topic "State, The – Moral and ethical aspects"
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Petrenko, Larisa M., Iryna P. Varava, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Motivation readiness of future software engineer's professional self-improvement and prospects of its formation in college cloud environment. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3893.
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Innovative technologies have an impact on the countries socio- economic development, the structure of labor market and educational services transformation. Rapid IT industry development constantly requires qualified programmers capable of professional self-improvement throughout life, the driving force of which is the individual motivation which activates the individual self-development process, optimizes thinking and develops special professional qualities, moral and ethical values. The main article purpose is to analyze the state of the form of motivational readiness for future programmer’s professional self-improvement, to identify problems of its formation in colleges and to determine the ways of its increase as one of the main factors of quality improvement. To achieve it, a complex of theoretical and empirical methods was used, with help of which a number of problems were revealed which slow down the process of improving the quality of future programmers professional training. To eliminate them, a system of phased motivation for future specialists professional self-improvement has been developed on the basis of general secondary education, which can be integrated into the teaching of both general education and professionally-oriented disciplines; ways of improving the quality of the educational process through the creation of a cloud of oriented environment, the introduction of innovative teaching technologies, special training of teachers in the system of professional development.