Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'State official'
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Ellington, Thomas Coke. "Official secrecy self, state and society /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1728.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Khan, Shehryar. "The un-official performance of official business in Pakistan : the interface with state bureaucracy." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558877.
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It is widely recognised, both locally and internationally, that poor or bad governance is a major impediment to the effective performance of public sector institutions in Pakistan. A careful analysis of the literature suggests that good governance is a sine qua non for achieving human development in the country. From the standpoint of providing an empirical understanding of the above assessment of the role of governance, the literature and current scholarship analyse problems of governance in Pakistan with reference to normative literature on good governance and public administration. This normative literature predominantly reflects principles and conceptions drawn from Western political systems. As an ideal type, these systems reflect liberalpluralistic societies in which there is a clear separation between the executive and the legislature. Moreover, they highlight the significance of technical expertise, managerial competencies and effective public sector institutions. The literature compares the experience of countries like Pakistan to this ideal construct, and therefore encourages a ‘subtractivist’ and normative approach in its assessment of governance. In so doing, it points to practices of corruption, political interference, lack of accountability, and patron–client forms of behaviour as explanations of Pakistan’s poor or bad governance trajectory. My thesis offers a very different perspective on governance in Pakistan. It adopts an interactionist-epistemological stance in order to develop a framework which focuses on the actual behaviour of state bureaucracy. Using ethnographic data collected from three distinct case studies, the thesis demonstrates the significance of informal social norms: in particular, clientelism, personal relationships and moral attachments. These social norms deeply affect the actual behaviour of public officials. In the implementation of policies and development interventions, public officials both deploy and are exposed to these informal social norms. This can result in behaviour or decisions which run counter to official or expected norms. In this thesis, I argue that the challenges of governance in Pakistan are firmly situated in the historical account of the state’s formation and in the deeper structures of society. This characterisation better captures state–society relationships and allows for the development of a more realistic insight into real governance trajectories in the country. In Pakistan, the operations of public administration are complex and require a close examination of porous public–private boundaries. These boundaries constantly shape administrative practices as well as stakeholder interactions and negotiations. This is the actual landscape of governance in which citizens have to negotiate access to public and collective services.
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Rahimi, Mujib Rahman. "Deconstructing the official discourse of state formation in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617057.
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In the wake of a series of dislocatory events, which were triggered off by the arrival of colonialism in the region, coupled with the political, military and strategic rivalries that then ensued, both of which disrupted the Iranian civilizational sphere, the post-colonial nation-state of Afghanistan was created in 1880, which had the effect empowering the Afghans/Pashtuns. In order to hegemonise the 'floating elements', and thus impose its political project, the new state successfully constructed a Pashtun-ethnocentric exclusionary discourse of its emergence in several stages from 1880 to 1970s around the master signifier of Afghanistan and Afghans, as well as the three intertwined nodal points, which comprised the moment of emergence, the notion of governance through assemblies, and the concept of invasion and resistance. So as to impose its political project on the newly created, yet multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and diverse society of Afghanistan, the fledgling state suppressed and excluded the rival discourses, whilst relying heavily on colonial knowledge. It also invoked a particular rendition of history and religion so as to construct an exclusionary Pashtun-centric ethno-nationalism and to present a distinctive identity, nationally and internationally, which were contained in the master signifier of the official discourse and its interrelated nodal points. Employing the logics and concepts of discourse theory developed by Laclau and Mouffe, and a set of theoretical tools, this thesis argues that the exclusionary official discourse of state formation, as well as the symbolic order it had constructed, has been radically disrupted by the dislocatory events that unfolded in the country after 1970. This crisis and breakdown of the dominant 'regime of truth' propagated by the state, has opened the space for all non-Afghans/Pashtun, e.g. Tajiks, Hazaraz, and Uzbeks to re-emerge, form new modalities of identity, challenge the official discourse, and call for the decolonization and re-writing of the officially sanctioned narrative. On the other hand, the Pashtunists camp, mainly because of their privileged position in the post-Bonn political setup of 2001, employed what I have named logic of difference in order to attempt to suture the rapture and breakdown by returning to the past. The thesis also claims that this crisis of hegemony in the post-dislocation period in Afghanistan has led to a deep and constitutive form of antagonism based on 'friend/enemy' relations, which threatens the stability and continuity of the current political process in the country. So as to render intelligible the Afghan state and society as a post-colonial and diverse political entity; to defuse the radical antagonism in the country, to open the space for a social division in terms other than what I have termed 'friends/enemy ' relations', and to lay the theoretical foundation of regional cooperation, the thesis contextualizes Afghanistan in the wider Iranian civilizational sphere, whilst presenting what it termed the 'civilizational discourse' as an alternative. The latter is claimed carries the potential of transforming the radical manifestations of social antagonism, which currently predominate, into a form of agonistic pluralism.
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Wang, Meiquin. "Confrontation and complicity rethinking official art in contemporary China /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Walker, Lee Charles. "Foreign State Immunity & Foreign Official Immunity: The Human Rights Dimension." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18198.
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This thesis concerns the attempt to establish human rights exceptions to foreign state immunity. The problem has multiple facets. Firstly, suits against foreign governments should be distinguished from suits against foreign officials. Further, in the latter context there is a distinction both between criminal and civil cases and between cases against individuals with immunity ratione personae and those with immunity ratione materiae. Individuals suffering extraterritorial jus cogens violations have been increasingly seeking justice against foreign governments and officials. Restrictive immunity largely displaced absolute immunity in the Western and developing world during the latter half of the Twentieth Century. This restrictive immunity only retained immunity for acta jure imperii. Many common-law nations entered into treaties and enacted foreign state immunity legislation purportedly embodying the restrictive doctrine, but these treaties and statutes actually accord a complete immunity to foreign states, subject only to specific, enumerated exceptions. Drafted mostly from the 1960s to the 1980s, they are to some extent from a bygone era. The chief issue of the time was whether state-owned trading entities should be immune from suit. The rights of private traders were upheld with the recognition of inter alia the commercial activity exception. In modern times, the human rights or jus cogens exception is now an important battleground. Research into attempts to establish such an exception to immunity was split into: (1) the origin and history of foreign state immunity and foreign official immunity; (2) the human rights dimension to foreign state immunity; and (3) the human rights dimension to foreign official immunity. In each part, representative cases were selected to best draw out the developmental contours. To aid holistic understanding of these cases, the litigation is followed from first instance to the exhaustion of appeals. The main findings of the thesis were, in regard to: (1) it is arguable whether sufficient uniformity in practice established absolute immunity as a binding norm and, even if it did, this could only have been during 1920-1976; (2) foreign state immunity statutes were mostly drafted before human rights cases against foreign states became an issue, as such they are not designed to cope and a jus cogens amendment may be necessary; (3) the High Court of Australia has the chance to break with older UK precedent, favoured by Canada, by paying closer regard to the discussion of the US Supreme Court on the matter of whether the definition of foreign state should include a foreign official.
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Edmundson, Anna Margaret. "For science, salvage & state - official collecting in colonial New Guinea." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155795.
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The Papuan Official Collection is a unique colonial collection assembled between 1907 and 1938 by government officers of the Australian administration of the Territory of Papua. It represents the first instance in the world where a colonial government made ethnographic collecting a requisite duty of its field officers. This unusual turn of events came at the insistence of Papua's first and longest serving Lieutenant-Governor, J.H.P. Murray, who administered the colony for over three decades. The story of how Murray came to establish an official government collection, and its subsequent formation, interpretation, and display over several decades, provides a case study par excellence for examining the complex relationship between colonialism, collecting and anthropology, which emerged over the course of the twentieth century. This study explores the genesis and history of the Papuan Official Collection, and situates it within the wider rubric of Australian colonialism. It establishes Murray as one of the earliest colonial governors in the world to implement, and publically advocate for, anthropology as a tool for colonial administration. It charts the rise of colonial discourses that linked loss of culture to physical demise in Pacific populations, and documents its influence on Australian colonial policy. Its findings suggest that the protection, preservation and management of Indigenous cultural heritage should not be considered a sideline of Australian colonial policy in Papua, but rather one of its most defining features. Over the course of its lifespan the Papuan Official Collection has been displayed in four different museums providing an opportunity to examine how a fixed body of objects (the collection) moved across time and space, to be re-interpreted into different conceptual frameworks: as curios and antiquities; ethnographic artefacts; scientific specimens; artworks; and, finally, as historic objects. My institutional history of the POC cautions against the assumption that colonial collections were always used as uncontested propaganda, which metropolitan museums were content to display on behalf of the imperial mission. While the Murray administration in Papua was able to provide goods and information to the various museums which housed the Collection, each institution had its own competing agendas and the relationship was not always a smooth one.
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Jordan, Angelica. "Official and Unofficial Mentorship by Generational Cohorts of State Teachers of the Year." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3896.
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Some school districts are exploring mentorship to help teachers enact more effective classroom practices that lead to higher student outcomes. The Good to Great study, by the National Network of State Teachers of the Year outlined the professional growth opportunities that state teachers of the year (STOYs) perceived as contributing to their success in the classroom. Although the STOYs noted that mentorship was a key factor, the original study did not examine how different generations of educators may respond differently to mentorship based on their generational cohort identity. The purpose of this nonexperimental, causal-comparative study using Good to Great data was to examine how STOY Baby Boomers and Gen Xers perceived specific attributes of official and unofficial mentorship. Strauss and Howe's generational cohort theory and Zachary's mentoring theory provided the theoretical foundation. The research questions examined whether there was a significant difference between STOY Baby Boomers' and STOY Generation Xers' perceptions of (a) official mentors' and unofficial mentors' levels of empathy, (b) the alignment of personality to the mentee, and (c) their ability to offer support. In a secondary analysis of the existing data, Hotelling's T2 tests indicated that Baby Boomers and Gen Xers did not show a significant difference in their overall perceptions of official nor unofficial mentoring factors. However, a post hoc analysis indicated that Baby Boomers had a significantly higher (p = .01) perception of official mentors' personality alignment to the mentee. The positive social change implication of this study is the potential to increase student learning by designing more effective mentorship programs to meet the needs of different generations of teachers.
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Cesur, N. S. "Change and continuity in Turkish state discourse : official debates on the contemporary Kurdish question." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571267.
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This thesis aims to analyse the discourses of the key actors who have the power and desire to bring about an official political solution for the "Kurdish question" in Turkey. Applying the methodology of poststructuralist discourse theory, as developed by Laclau and Mouffe, the research attempts to answer three questions; How has the Kurdish question been discursively constructed by these key actors - the European Union (EU), Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) (the Justice and Development Party) and the Demokratik Toplum Partisi (DTP) (the Democratic Society Party); How the discourses of these actors regarding the Kurdish question challenged the traditional discourse of the Turkish State?; Can we talk about change or continuity in the Turkish State discourse? The Turkish State discourse (TSD) perceived the Kurdish movement in Turkey as a threat to the indivisibility of state and nation. As such, the expression of "Kurdishness" has been systematically prevented by the State. The use of the Kurdish language was restricted, the pro-Kurdish political parties were closed, and any discussion of Kurdish rights was suppressed. In the 1990s the Kurdish movement pressured the State to recognize Kurdish identity. Then, after Turkey became an . official candidate for EU membership in 1999, the EU requested that Turkey grant the Kurdish rights. Finally, when the AKP came to power in 2002, the party initially pursued a different, discursive strategy; associating the Kurdish question with democratization of Turkey, the AKP recognized the Kurdish identity under a common Muslim unity between Kurds and Turks. In late 2009, it became clear that the AKP's discourse on the Kurdish question demonstrated its own limits with regard to the recognition of Kurdish identity and Kurdish rights. This thesis seeks to offer insights into how close an official solution for the Kurdish question which satisfies the Kurdish demands raised by the pro- Kurdish parties is to being reached and to question continuity/discontinuity of TSD with respect to exclusion Kurdishness.
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Mayer, Jochen. "State and spaces of official labour statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany, c.1950-1973." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7957.
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This PhD examines the historical making and interpretation of West-German official labour statistics in the period 1950-1973: how did official statistics come to be inscribed in state and administrative attempts to intervene into the labour market with respect to (un-)employment? Rather than considering statistics as a resource for state action and scientific investigation, this thesis is concerned with statistics as a contested topic comprising different techniques and ideas, styles of reasoning, practices, technologies and institutional contexts. Drawing on archival material from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Federal Labour Office, the Federal Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD), and other sources, the thesis examines debates over the abolition of the federal labour office’s labour statistics 1950–1963, and the establishment of a new statistical infrastructure in the following decade. In bridging work in economic and social history, and the history and geography of official statistics and technology, this thesis shows how debate on the employment files – generated in 1935 and reestablished in 1950 – as the basis of quarterly official statistics was centred on the question of which statistics for which polity. This involved different ‘statistical gazes’ at different scales among labour administrators, bureaucratic officials, and statisticians. In studying the scientific-administrative issues of how and where statistics were produced and made credible, the analysis shows how authoritarian conceptions inscribed onto the files gave way, first, to more economical conceptions of data capturing (i.e. representative samples) and, from the late 1960s, to a statistical infrastructure based on electronic data processing. In examining the different rationalities – statistical-technical and political – the thesis shows how transformations in labour statistics were affected by dynamics between: federal state space and locality; technological dreams of labour administrators and statistical requirements; mathematisation and mechanisation of the statistical discourse; trust and credibility; public critique and legitimacy.
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Ding, Yuecheng. "The individual and the state in China : being a graduate village official in rural southwest China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680166.
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The topic of this research is the state and the individual. I conducted one year's fieldwork by working as a graduate village official in a local government office in southwest rural China, which enabled me to observe at close range the workings of political power and official administration. After one year's in-depth exploration, my materials include the following: state propaganda publications, observations of conversations among officials, interactions between subordinates and superiors, economic administrative processes in the development, local residents' petitions to the office, and the case of Bo Xilai of CCP politburo. These data have helped me think through the meaning of the workings of the state, power and bureaucracy, social interactions, the operation of Guanxi, the role of economic agencies, and Chinese individual politics. My particular interest is individual politics. This politics differentiates itself from state politics to emphasize personal motivations and the freedoms of current individualization. Ideally, politics, economics and culture should work in harmony and map the proper meanings of modernization into daily life. However, in China, the stability of society lacks cohesiveness as a result of the overbearing power of the state. Hence, my thesis considers how individuals conduct themselves in the collective workplace during their interactions with others. The individual politics underpins the ethnographic understandings of the field and constructed on-and-off stages of official behaviours in front of both the collective state and personal interests. Theoretically, my study is contextualised within political anthropology and the broader developments in China. Different from other Chinese studies on structure or culture, my examination and analysis of the political authority of meanings will be focused on individual interactions. When modern economic motivations confront the ethical and interventionist roles of the state, individual behaviours in this ethnographic research reveal a sense of insecurity on a social scale. This insecure consciousness starts from a meaning vacuum to define individuals' ordinary life economically
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Chan, Fu-man, and 陳輔民. "An analysis of changing official policies on class size in Hong Kong primary schools and their implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956993.
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Ainmelk, Georges. "Official Development Assistance In a Colonial Context: Swiss Aid In Palestine (2006-2012)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34235.
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This research examines the gap between the socio-political and economic reality of Palestine, under Israeli Occupation, and the perceptions, assumptions and limitations of small aid donors like Switzerland in a colonial context. It looks at how global and Swiss aid is formulated and dispensed to fragile ‘non-states’ like Palestine. My thesis found that aid in general is ineffective, with Swiss aid in particular being modest, lacking robustness and failing to respond to the colonial context that prevents Palestine from profiting the most from international aid. In addition, Swiss aid is afflicted by many shortcomings that have been identified by contemporary research: a large part of aid is tied; consultations with local partners are limited, excluding, by and large, civil society; and time constraints are such that current programs are generally designed on a relatively short-term basis.
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Hamilton, Clare. "Puerto Rican Statehood and Republican Party Opposition : The Paradox Between the Official Republican Party Platform and Republican Party Representatives." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38416.
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In November 2020, Puerto Rico, currently a territory of the United States, held a referendum and the majority voted to become a state of the United States of America. Statehood is decided by the U.S. Congress in Washington, D.C. For the 2020 Presidential Election, the Democratic Party platform expressed support for Puerto Rican statehood. Although the official stance on the Republican Party is to support whatever choice the electorate of Puerto Rico votes on in their referendum, many party leaders and members of the Republican Party have spoken out about their opposition to supporting the statehood of the territory. I will be investigating why these party leaders and general party members are against its statehood by looking at the Republican Party’s ideologically derived positions rooted in conservativism and the electoral incentive perspective to not have Puerto Rico as a state. How do leading Republican Party representatives justify their position against the addition of Puerto Rico as a U.S. state? How can the members of the Republican Party’s position on Puerto Rico statehood be understood by both party incentives and disincentives on expected electoral outcomes? It is noteworthy to look at what causes this paradox between the Republican Party’s official stance on Puerto Rican statehood and party leaders’ open opinions on the matter.
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Pieck, Gochicoa Enrique. "The social function and meaning of nonformal education : a study of official community education programmes in the state of Mexico." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020911/.
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The purpose of the thesis is to examine the social control and reproduction functions of what is known as nonformal education in the State of Mexico (Mexico). As such it is concerned with analysing what Bernstein calls the coding characteristics of the educational process and how this process is experienced by the participants and can reinforce their 'social positioning' in their society. To place the study in its context there is an initial consideration of the conditions in which nonformal education emerged in Latin America, followed by a critical assessment of its functions; new perspectives for the analysis of this form of education are examined. To set the analysis in its regional context a description of the development of nonformal education at both national and regional levels is provided. Then the definition, aims, and purposes of community education programmes are analyzed. A theoretical and conceptual framework is constructed to analyze the social control and reproduction functions of education; here emphasis is placed on Bernstein's sociolinguistic theory of cultural transmission. This is followed by a sociological appraisal of community education's underlying or invisible features. In the light of the above the methodological chapter presents the concepts and techniques which allowed us to examine the educational process and participants' viewpoint. A qualitative analysis was employed in order to account for the participants' perspective. It was supported by non-structured interviews and participant observation. Empirical work was carried out in four community education programmes in the State of Mexico. Three areas were considered during the field research: a) the educational process (curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation); b) teachers and students' motives for taking part in courses; c) the meanings assigned by participants to the courses as a result of their participation in and experience of the educational process. Data is discussed in terms of the basic concepts of the thesis: social positioning, control and reproduction. The main conclusion refers to the social control and reproduction functions of community education programmes resulting from participants overall exposure to educational institutions and practices. This, it is argued, is achieved through three basic processes: 1) the social positioning of participants which arises as a result of their identification with the educational coding; 2) the lowering of participants' expectations as a consequence of the marginal and marginalising characteristics of the educational process they undergo; 3) the very fact that the courses response to the motivations and satisfy the interests of the participants.
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Riddell, Troy. "Legal mobilization and policy change : the impact of legal mobilization on official minority-language education policy outside Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38515.
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The doctoral thesis investigates the impact of legal mobilization and judicial decisions on official minority-language education (OMLE) policy outside Quebec using a model of judicial impact derived from New Institutionalism theory. The New Institutionalism (NI) model of judicial impact synthesizes the dominant approaches to judicial impact found in the US literature, which are reviewed in Chapter Two, and transcends them by placing them within a framework based on the New Institutionalism.The model, as developed in Chapter Three, proposes that certain factors will increase the probability of judicial decisions having a positive influence on policy, such as whether incentives are provided for implementation. The model argues that institutions---as structures and state actors---have important influences on these factors. Furthermore, the NI model recognizes that institutions play a partial and contingent role in the construction of policy preferences and discourse and in mediating the political process more generally over time.
Chapter Four demonstrates that the NI model can be applied usefully to reinterpret existing accounts of how legal mobilization and judicial decisions impacted the struggle over school desegregation in the US---a case that provides a heuristic comparison to OMLE policy as it concerns the question of how and where minorities are educated.
Chapters Five through Seven describe OMLE policy development in Canada from the latter 1970s until 2000, with case studies of Alberta and, to a lesser extent, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Chapter Eight reveals that legal mobilization by Francophone groups cannot be understood without reference to institutional factors, particularly the Charter of Rights and funding from the federal government. The policy impact of legal mobilization was influenced strongly by the Supreme Court's 1990 Mahe decision and by federal government funding to the provinces for OMLE policy development, while public opinion appeared to be a least a moderately constraining force on policy change. Chapter Eight further reveals that legal mobilization and judicial decisions helped Francophone groups gain access to the policy process and shaped the policy goals and discourse of actors within the process over time.
Chapter Nine bolsters confidence in the conclusions generated in Chapter Eight by demonstrating how the explanations provided by the NI model, which emphasize the direct or mediating influence of institutional factors, are superior to explanations generated by a Critical Legal Studies (CLS) approach, a "systems" approach, a "dispute-centered" approach, and by Gerald Rosenberg's model. The thesis concludes by suggesting avenues for future research on judicial impact, particularly research that is focused on comparative institutionalism.
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Koai, Mojalefa I. "The use of Sesotho as an official medium of communication in selected departments within the Free State Provincial Government as proposed in the draft Free State Provincial Government Language Policy." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/668.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Communication)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2015The central role of language in governance need not be argued; it is self-evident. Effective communication between the political leadership and the state administration, between individual government bodies and institutions, within these bodies and institutions, and between the government and its citizens, which is a prerequisite for good government, occurs mainly through language.
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Ohlsson, Henrik. "Teaching About Religion in a Post-Soviet State : An Examination of Textbooks in Kazakhstan's Upper Secondary School System." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Religionshistoria, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119864.
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The search for new identity factors and shared values in the post-Soviet region has given rise to a process of reevaluation of the role of religion in society. Not least the Central Asian countries are struggling with these issues in their nation building processes. They share important parts of their history with other Muslim dominated nations, but the Soviet heritage sets them apart. The focus of this study lies on the way religion as a general concept and Islam in particular are treated in four textbooks used in Kazakhstan’s school education. The contents of the textbooks are analyzed within a historical and societal context as well as a framework of contemporary secularity theory. The results elucidate a contrast between the discourse on religion found in the textbooks and the official legal status of religion in Kazakhstan today, which is taken as an indication of an ongoing reevaluation of religion leading away from the staunch Soviet secularity and possibly towards a situation where religion is seen as a natural part of societal developments. At the same time, however, the normative effect of official discourse is a double-edged sword, which, while shaping ideas of what religion is and ought to be, may also undermine the credibility and authority of a religion too closely associated with political authority.
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Bentley, Tom. "The Empire retracts : a case study analysis of official European state apologies offered between 2002 and 2010 for transgressions committed against former colonies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46351/.
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One of the more unusual and unexpected trends to emerge in 21st century international politics has been the proliferation of official apologies issued by European states for violations committed against their erstwhile colonies. Undertaking a detailed analysis of these apologies, this thesis reveals them to be rituals which powerfully capture the anxieties, ambivalences, continuities and ruptures by which contemporary liberal elites wrestle with the colonial past and its implications in the present. In particular, the thesis locates official apologies as crucial textual, symbolic and ritualistic sites where (post-)colonial relations are illuminated, rearticulated and reproduced. Focussing on four case studies, the thesis deploys the concept of collective memory to map out the ways in which government apologies and accompanying texts engage with and recollect the past so as to articulate new, though not always radically different, historical narratives. In sketching these processes, the project conveys the overlapping contours by which, through apology, states both simultaneously impart particular perceptions of the past and, in turn, employ such constructions in their political, economic, diplomatic, and ideational armoury. The central argument of the thesis is that, despite offering discourses that moderate and temper conventional colonial narratives, the performatives nevertheless reconfigure a relationship that resembles patterns and asymmetries forged in the colonial era. This proceeds in two key ways: 1) the apologies advance particular interests of states (or particular people within the states) that historically practiced colonialism and 2) the apologies and adjacent elite discourses are laden with sentiments (paternalism, normative complacency, colonial glorification/sanitisation) that are reminiscent of the core legitimising tenets of the colonial enterprise. The examination and dissection of these ambivalent, multifaceted and peculiarly liberal utterances provides a significant, yet neglected, research platform that adds value to a burgeoning IR and multidisciplinary literature that, influenced by postcolonial study, traces the endurance and ruptures of colonial dynamics in the present.
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Espino, Layza María Alejandra, and Ramírez Rosa Natalí Llique. "State of the Question and Future Challenges of Public Procurement in Peru Interview with Dr. Ricardo Salazar Chávez." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117088.
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The present interview has as purpose to give comprehensive overview about the currentsituation of public procurement in our country, with emphasis on the goals achieved and the possible challenges of the matter; all of this in the frame on the reform of public procurement law.La presente entrevista tiene como propósito dar un panorama del actual estado de la contratación pública en nuestro país, haciendo énfasis en los logros que se han ido alcanzados y los posibles retos de la misma; todo esto teniendo en cuenta la reciente reforma en la normativa de contratación pública.
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Стогова, Ольга Володимирівна, Ольга Владимировна Стогова, and Olha Volodymyrivna Stohova. "Особливості використання понять «державна мова» та «офіційна мова» у конституційному законодавстві." Thesis, Університетська книга, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62563.
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Особливості використання понять «державна мова» та «офіційна мова» у конституційному законодавствіFeatures of the use of the concepts of "state language" and "official language" in constitutional law
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Schoeman, Ria Elizabeth. "The public policy impact of the changing official development assistance programme in financing the HIV/AIDS response in southern Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05022009-174126/.
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Saberian, Michael Reza. "Demographic study of military selection in the state of Ohio, 1917-1919." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3142.
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This thesis studies the influence of ethnicity, nationality, and occupation upon military selection of the residents of Ohio during the First World War. This is a quantitative study, based on a data set constructed from samples of the 1910 and 1920 censuses and The Official Roster of Ohio Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the World War, 1917-1918.
Chapter I introduces the sources and the methodology. Chapter II examines the ethnicity of conscripts, and whether or not ethnic identities affected draft registration or military selection. Chapter III examines the numerical significance of resident aliens in the military population. Chapter IV examines the influence of social class on conscription: determining whether persons of wealth avoided military service and the influence of occupational deferments on the population at risk. Chapter V concludes the thesis by summarizing the results.
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Arikan, Arzu. "An interpretivist approach to understanding technology policy in education sociocultural differences between official tales of technology and local practices of early childhood educators /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124288635.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 296 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-287). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Luccas, Mariana Gonçalves. "O conceito de cultura em questão : o embate ideológico entre as vozes oficiais e não oficiais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9105.
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Não recebi financiamento
The present work seeks the understanding of how the culture is constituted in the official and unofficial scope of the state of. It focused on the cultural legislations of the state and its dialogical and ideological relationship with the cultures of resistance. Accordingly, Law No. 12,268 of February 20, 2006 (SÃO PAULO, 2006a) and Law No. 15,565, of September 25, 2014 (SÃO PAULO, 2014) were selected and analyzed from a Bakhtin perspective. In this analysis the statements of the legislations were compared with official texts and texts that defend or belong to the culture of resistance. It can be seen from the analysis that the State has no direct official actions and links with this culture. The proposal is the practice of a more democratic legislation that meets the real needs of the communities. Mainly in the defense and use of popular culture.
O presente trabalho busca a compreensão de como a cultura é constituída nos âmbitos oficial e não oficial do estado de São Paulo. Teve como foco as legislações culturais do estado e a sua relação dialógica e ideológica com as culturas de resistência. Desta maneira, as Lei n°12.268, de 20 de fevereiro de 2006 (SÃO PAULO, 2006a) e a Lei n°15.565, de 25 de setembro de 2014 (SÃO PAULO, 2014) foram selecionadas e analisadas na perspectiva Bakhtiniana. Nesta análise os enunciados das legislações foram cotejados com textos oficiais e com textos que defendem ou pertencem à cultura de resistência. Percebe-se com as análises que o Estado não possui ações e ligações oficiais diretas com esta cultura. A proposta é a prática de um legislar mais democrático e que atenda as reais necessidades das comunidades. Principalmente na defesa e uso da cultura popular.
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Hammarlund, Martin. "The Perception of Victory : Comparing the G.W. Bush Administration’s Official Rhetoric of Victory in the Years of the Global War on Terror." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3467.
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This thesis is set out with the purpose to investigate the potential shifts in how victory is presented in the duration of contemporary conflicts. The argumentation is focused on how democratic states, involved in wars, seem to announce different statements regarding victory in its outreach to its inhabitants. This paper will study the case of the American administration of George W. Bush, who initiated and ruled during the first years in the Global War on Terror. By investigating the seven annual State of the Union speeches in a combined quantitative–qualitative method, with Martel’s theoretical framework on victory, the analysis searched after such potential shifts or static usage of the linguistics approach to victory. The answer to the stated research question according to the study conducted by this author is that the publicly announced implications of victory have been subjected to an ongoing shift during the examined time period.
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Bleppony, Ruby. "LEASE VERSUS BUY DECISION OF REAL ESTATE FOR FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS IN STOCKHOM, SWEDEN." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175847.
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Horová, Jana. "Zákon o státní službě z hlediska související právní úpravy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264399.
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The master thesis analyzes the Act No. 234/2014 Coll., On Civil Service, from the aspect of related legislation, Act No. 312/2002 Coll., On Public Officials of the Local Self-Government Units. When the Law On the Civil Service came into force, at the beginning of last year, two categories of officials were created. On the one side there are civil servants who are in service of the Czech Republic, on the other side there are officials who are employed by local self-government units. The analysis is focused on five areas, where it is possible to compare the method of legislation under both laws. After review of these selected areas, the application problems of the civil service are identified. At the end of the thesis, there are legislative proposals for changes that are inspired by relevant legislation.
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Folke-Fichtelius, Maria. "Förskolans formande : Statlig reglering 1944–2008." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9276.
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Preschool is a central part of Swedish family life. The manner in which the state regulates preschool through laws, ordinances, and various kinds of written objectives has an impact on many people in the Swedish society.
The thesis examines the development of preschool state regulation from the 1940s until 2008. The starting point of the study is a draft for a new Education Act, put forward in 2003, which proposed that preschool should be integrated into the school system as a new form of school. The purpose of the study is to generate knowledge about the state regulation of Swedish preschool, and how it has contributed to the shaping of preschool as a societal institution. Questions considered in the analysis are how regulation delimits preschool as a social category, what role this regulation assigns preschool in relation to other actors and societal institutions involved in early childhood education and care, and what principles this regulation is based on.
The study has evolved within the research tradition of curriculum theory as developed in studies in educational politics. The analysis is carried out as a text analysis, where the concepts of boundary work, official classification and activity system serve as important analytical tools. Texts produced within the formal chain of decision and legislation: directives for committees, government white papers, ministerial task forces, bills, legislative texts etc., form the empirical foundation for the study.
The analysis shows that economic as well as legal and ideological governing instruments are used in the shaping of the framework of preschool. These frameworks are indicated in the form of different boundary markers that delimit preschool as a specific category and arrange it in relation to other categories. The boundaries indicated by these boundary markers have been subject to extensive discussion during the formulation process. Through this boundary work, preschool has been constructed as a full time preschool, commissioned to provide both education and care. The boundaries of this commission are in some respects indistinct and contain several overlapping elements with regards to family, social services and school. At the same time, preschool holds a fixed core with more distinct boundaries, in the form of a part time public preschool delimited by time and age and regulated by far-reaching legislation regarding the rights of children to attend. Owing to this construction, preschool may balance several different and partly contradictory demands placed on it by other institutions and by different interest groups, while at the same time maintaining a core of identity of its own. In that sense, preschool may be described as a boundary object. Thus, when it is suggested that preschool should constitute a form of school and be placed in the more formal regulation structures of the school system, the balance of this construction is challenged.
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Ferreira, Marcos Paulo. "Concursos, ingresso e profissão docente: um estudo de caso dos professores de história: (São Paulo, 2003-2005)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10551.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-30Secretaria do Estado e Educação
The official examination is the most democratic and equalitarian mean to reach a public post, and because it is based on the principle of equal opportunities, it constitutes an important legal method of avoiding biased selection of candidates. Focusing on the official examination performed by the Office of Education of São Paulo State (SEE/SP) in 2003 to fill in 49,000 teaching vacancies, the objective of this research is to point out who is the public school teacher of São Paulo State selected by this exam and some of its inherent consequences to the educational network, to the school community and to the teacher himself. For this purpose, data were gathered from the 7,900 history teachers convened by the Human Resources Department (DRHU) to the three post choice sessions using a questionnaire containing questions related to: age, educational formation, graduation institution, hometown, teaching time and impressions on the exam. Besides the information collected from the 2.225 questionnaires, it was obtained additional information published by DRHU on the SEE website and on the Official Journal aiming to know who these professionals are and to elucidate unnoticed aspects about them. We took into consideration studies about the teacher, the professionalization and the educational career, and those about the official examination to provide substract for the analysis. Data were organized in a databank and structured in tables which allowed us to point out a teaching faculty composed in its majority by women and by teachers who graduated in private institutions, and heterogeneous in relation to age, school formation and performance, demonstrating no uniformity in these aspects of the history teacher profile. Furthermore, the desirable stability brought by the approval in the exam is not something rapidly reached because of the vacancy number disparity existing in each educational office, what causes a great incidence of teachers mobility from one region to the other inside the state and from the countryside to São Paulo capital. This fact originates the so-called passage schools , chosen by the teachers because they have no other option. However, when the removing official examination is opened, these teachers try to change schools. Finally, the results show the existence of undesirable schools, which are continuously refused by the approved teachers because of their location at peripherical regions considered dangerous
O concurso público é a forma mais democrática e igualitária para a inserção no serviço público, por basear-se no princípio da igualdade de oportunidades constitui-se em importante medida legal para evitar apadrinhamentos e favorecimentos. Tendo como foco o concurso público realizado pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEE/SP) no ano de 2003 para efetivação de 49 mil professores, nesta pesquisa procura-se apontar quem é o professor da rede estadual paulista ingressante por meio desse concurso e algumas das conseqüências dos desdobramentos desse concurso para a rede de ensino, para a comunidade escolar e para o próprio professor. Para tanto, tomou-se o caso dos 7.090 professores de História convocados para as três sessões de escolha de cargos realizadas pelo Departamento de Recursos Humanos (DRHU), para os quais se aplicou um questionário abordando questões referentes a: idade, formação, instituição de formação, cidade de origem, tempo de trabalho no magistério e impressões sobre as provas. Além das informações dos 2.225 questionários respondidos, reuniu-se outras informações publicadas pelo DRHU, no site da SEE e no Diário Oficial com o objetivo de saber quem é esse profissional e desvelar aspectos ainda pouco conhecidos a seu respeito. Tomou-se como referência para a análise estudos sobre o professor, a profissionalização e a carreira docente e aqueles relacionados à concurso público. Os dados foram organizados em um banco de dados que gerou tabelas que apontaram a existência de um corpo docente composto em sua grande maioria por mulheres, bastante heterogêneo no que diz respeito à idade, tempo de formação e de atuação e a maior parte formado em instituições particulares de ensino, demonstrando que não existe uniformidade no perfil do professor de História, no tocante a estes aspectos. O estudo mostra, ainda, que a estabilidade pretendida com a aprovação no concurso não é algo que acontece rapidamente, devido à disparidade existente no número de vagas por diretoria de ensino, provocando um grande número de deslocamento de professores de uma região para outra do estado, com grande incidência de mobilidade de professores do interior para a capital e grande São Paulo. Esse fato dá origem às escolas de passagem , que são escolhidas pelos professores por não haver outra opção, mas assim que abre o concurso de remoção, tentam delas se removerem. E, por fim, mostra a existência de escolas indesejadas, as quais devido a sua localização, em regiões periféricas e consideradas de risco, são preteridas continuadamente pelos professores concursados
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Costa, Mirley Tereza Correia da. "Políticas Linguísticas:o ensino de línguas estrangeiras em escolas públicas do estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2387.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-04Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
This work aims at understanding how the Linguistic Policy proposed for the state system of the state of Amazonas is shaped and how it is carried out in reality in public schools in the capital city. We start with the presentation of conceptual terms Policy and Planning and with the new configuration of society geared by globalization. We go through the history of the Teaching of Foreign Languages in Brazil and the elements that make up the interpretive schema within the Amazon Rainforest with regard to aspects related to the formation of the Amazonian social thinking and the de/construction of the identity of a people. We analyzed official state documents which deal with laws and proposals for teaching of MFL. We finally presented a comparison between what the laws say and the reality of public schools in the state system of the capital city. The research is based on the theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se configuram as Políticas Linguísticas propostas para a rede estadual do estado do Amazonas e como na prática elas se concretizam em escolas públicas da capital. O escopo dessa pesquisa é primeiramente alicerçado por uma apresentação conceitual dos termos Política e Planejamento e da nova configuração da sociedade causada pela globalização. Na segunda parte, analisamos o histórico do Ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras no Brasil e os elementos que compõem o esquema interpretativo em que se insere a Amazônia no que diz respeito aos aspectos relacionados à formação do pensamento social amazônico e à des/construção da identidade de um povo. Por fim, os documentos oficiais do Estado que tratam das leis e propostas para o ensino de Língua Estrangeira Moderna (LEM) são confrontados com o que dizem as leis em âmbito nacional e a realidade das escolas públicas da rede estadual da capital. A pesquisa tem como base os pressupostos teóricos da Análise de Discurso de Michel Pêcheux e Eni Orlandi.
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Silva, Juan Carlos da 1971. "A política educacional do governo José Serra (2007-2010) : uma análise da atuação da APEOESP." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250807.
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Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles SandovalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a relação entre a política educacional executada no governo José Serra no Estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2007 a 2010, e a atuação do Sindicato dos Professores do Ensino Oficial do Estado de São Paulo (APEOESP). Considerando a política pública como o "Estado em ação", isto é, o Estado como principal responsável por formular e executar as reformas, mas não o único ator a "informar" as diretrizes das políticas, esta investigação, procura analisar mais precisamente: a) qual padrão de política educacional se constituiu nos governos do PSDB, em São Paulo, no período 1995-2010, particularmente, no governo José Serra? b) qual o reflexo deste padrão de política educacional para as condições e organização do trabalho docente na rede estadual paulista? c) Como a APEOESP reagiu a este padrão buscando preservar as condições de trabalho e os direitos dos docentes no setor público? Através da articulação entre teoria e coleta de dados nos boletins sindicais tenta-se aqui demonstrar as motivações das convergências e divergências entre a política educacional do governo José Serra e a atuação sindical da APEOESP.
Abstract: This work examines the relationship between educational policy implemented in government José Serra in the state of São Paulo, between the years 2007 to 2010, and the performance of the Official State Teachers Syndicate of São Paulo (APEOESP). Considering the policy as the "State in action", and the state as primarily actor responsible by the formulation and implementation of educational reforms, but not the single one to "inform" the policy guidelines, this research seeks to analyze more precisely: a) what standard of educational policy was constituted in the governments of the PSDB in São Paulo, in the period 1995-2010, particularly in government José Serra? b) what is the effect of this pattern of educational policy for the teachers condition and organization in a public school? c) How the APEOESP reacted to this standard trying to preserve the working conditions and the rights of teachers in the public sector? Through the articulation between theory and data collection in union bulletins here tries to show the motivations of the convergences and divergences between the educational policy of the government José Serra and syndicate activities.
Mestrado
Ciencias Sociais na Educação
Mestre em Educação
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Caiado, André João Galo. "A utilidade das visitas oficiais: a percepção dos empresários que integram as comitivas oficiais." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10800.
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Economia e Gestão InternacionalMaster in International Economics and Management
A participação de empresários em visitas oficiais realizadas por Chefes de Estado ou de Governo é uma forma das entidades oficiais promoverem a internacionalização e as exportações das empresas. Existe um vasto corpo de literatura sobre estudos que se debruçaram sobre a promoção das exportações e sobre a avaliação de programas de promoção das exportações. Contudo, até à data, parece não ter sido avaliada a utilidade das visitas oficiais como meio de promoção das exportações. Nesse sentido, este estudo é um contributo para a literatura teórica e empírica. É apresentada uma base teórica para fundamentar a utilidade das visitas oficiais, elaborada a partir da literatura existente sobre a promoção das exportações, programas de promoção das exportações e missões comerciais. A nível empírico, este estudo aferiu a percepção dos empresários portugueses acerca da utilidade das visitas oficiais, através da realização de um inquérito aos empresários que participaram em 12 visitas oficiais organizadas pelos Chefes de Estado e de Governo, entre 2005 e 2008. Adicionalmente, o estudo propõe um modelo multivariável que analisa em que medida as características estruturais das empresas, e, as características associadas à visita oficial, podem afectar o modo como os empresários avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a concretização de determinados objectivos. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade dos contactos e das informações obtidas durante a visita é um factor estatisticamente significativo e contribui positivamente para todos os objectivos avaliados. Os resultados revelam ainda, que factores como a dimensão, o capital estrangeiro, a intensidade exportadora, a intensidade de inovação, a experiência exportadora no mercado visitado, a existência de contactos ou negócios prévios, ou o facto de ser a primeira vez que a empresa visita o mercado, tendem a afectar o modo como as empresas avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a realização de determinados objectivos.
The participation of businessmen in official visits done by Heads of State or Government is a way found by official authorities to promote exports and the internationalization of the firms. There is a large body of literature about export promotion and the evaluation of export promotion programs. However, to date, it seems has not been evaluated the usefulness of official visits as a way to promote firms exports. This study provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature. The study presents a theoretical basis to substantiate the usefulness of official visits found in the literature about export promotion, export promotion programs and trade missions. A survey was done questioning Portuguese businessmen who had participated in 12 official visits to evaluate the usefulness of those visits. Additionally, the study proposes a multivariable model to examine how firm and visit caractheristics do affect, or not, the firms evaluation about official visits. The estimated results suggest that the quality of contacts and information gained during the visit positively affect the impact over a set of objectives. The results also reveal that factors such as firm s size, foreign ownership, export intensity, R&D intensity, experience in the market, the existence of previous contacts or business, or first visit to the market affect the firms evaluation about some objectives of official visits.
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Caiado, André João Galo. "A utilidade das visitas oficiais: a percepção dos empresários que integram as comitivas oficiais." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10800.
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Economia e Gestão InternacionalMaster in International Economics and Management
A participação de empresários em visitas oficiais realizadas por Chefes de Estado ou de Governo é uma forma das entidades oficiais promoverem a internacionalização e as exportações das empresas. Existe um vasto corpo de literatura sobre estudos que se debruçaram sobre a promoção das exportações e sobre a avaliação de programas de promoção das exportações. Contudo, até à data, parece não ter sido avaliada a utilidade das visitas oficiais como meio de promoção das exportações. Nesse sentido, este estudo é um contributo para a literatura teórica e empírica. É apresentada uma base teórica para fundamentar a utilidade das visitas oficiais, elaborada a partir da literatura existente sobre a promoção das exportações, programas de promoção das exportações e missões comerciais. A nível empírico, este estudo aferiu a percepção dos empresários portugueses acerca da utilidade das visitas oficiais, através da realização de um inquérito aos empresários que participaram em 12 visitas oficiais organizadas pelos Chefes de Estado e de Governo, entre 2005 e 2008. Adicionalmente, o estudo propõe um modelo multivariável que analisa em que medida as características estruturais das empresas, e, as características associadas à visita oficial, podem afectar o modo como os empresários avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a concretização de determinados objectivos. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade dos contactos e das informações obtidas durante a visita é um factor estatisticamente significativo e contribui positivamente para todos os objectivos avaliados. Os resultados revelam ainda, que factores como a dimensão, o capital estrangeiro, a intensidade exportadora, a intensidade de inovação, a experiência exportadora no mercado visitado, a existência de contactos ou negócios prévios, ou o facto de ser a primeira vez que a empresa visita o mercado, tendem a afectar o modo como as empresas avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a realização de determinados objectivos.
The participation of businessmen in official visits done by Heads of State or Government is a way found by official authorities to promote exports and the internationalization of the firms. There is a large body of literature about export promotion and the evaluation of export promotion programs. However, to date, it seems has not been evaluated the usefulness of official visits as a way to promote firms exports. This study provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature. The study presents a theoretical basis to substantiate the usefulness of official visits found in the literature about export promotion, export promotion programs and trade missions. A survey was done questioning Portuguese businessmen who had participated in 12 official visits to evaluate the usefulness of those visits. Additionally, the study proposes a multivariable model to examine how firm and visit caractheristics do affect, or not, the firms evaluation about official visits. The estimated results suggest that the quality of contacts and information gained during the visit positively affect the impact over a set of objectives. The results also reveal that factors such as firm s size, foreign ownership, export intensity, R&D intensity, experience in the market, the existence of previous contacts or business, or first visit to the market affect the firms evaluation about some objectives of official visits.
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Murungu, Chacha Bhoke. "Immunity of state officials and prosecution of international crimes in Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25163.
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This study deals with two aspects of international law. The first is ‘immunity of state officials’ and the second is ‘prosecution of international crimes.’ Immunity is discussed in the context of international crimes. The study focuses on Africa because African state officials have become subjects of international criminal justice before international courts and various national courts both in Europe and Africa. It presents a new contribution to international criminal justice in Africa by examining the practice on prosecution of international crimes in eleven African states: South Africa; Kenya; Senegal; Ethiopia; Burundi; Rwanda; DRC; Congo; Niger; Burkina Faso and Uganda. The study concludes that immunity of state officials has been outlawed in these states thereby rendering state officials amenable to criminal prosecution for international crimes. The thesis argues that although immunity is founded under customary international law, it does not prevail over international law jus cogens on the prosecution of international crimes because such jus cogens trumps immunity. It is argued that, committing international crimes cannot qualify as acts performed in official capacity for the purpose of upholding immunity of state officials. In principle, customary international law outlaws functional immunity in respect of international crimes. Hence, in relation to international crimes, state officials cannot benefit from immunity from prosecution or subpoenas. Further, the study criticises the African Union’s opposition to the prosecutions before the International Criminal Court (ICC). It argues that however strong it may be, such opposition is unfounded in international law and is motivated by African solidarity to weaken the role of the ICC in Africa. It concludes that the decisions taken by the African Union not to cooperate with the ICC are geared towards breaching international obligations on cooperation with the ICC. The study calls upon African states to respect their obligations under the Rome Statute and customary international law. It recommends that African states should cooperate with the ICC in the investigations and prosecution of persons responsible for international crimes in Africa. At international level, the study reveals the conflicting jurisprudence of international courts on subpoenas against state officials. It argues that, state officials are not immune from being subpoenaed to testify or adduce evidence before international courts. It contends that issuing subpoenas to state officials ensures fairness and equality of arms in the prosecution of international crimes. It recommends that international courts should treat state officials equally regarding prosecution and subpoenas. It further recommends that African states should respect their obligations arising from the Rome Statute and that, immunity should not be used to develop a culture of impunity for international crimes committed in Africa.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Teixeira, Ana Cristina Echevenguá. "A midiatização das companhias oficiais de dança no Brasil: ecos de comunicação entre público e privado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4466.
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Previous issue date: 2012-11-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In Brazil, when one refers to official dance companies, what first comes up is the cultural journalism ignorance regarding the complexity they imply. What can be known about their operation if the media is silent, without informing the commitments arising from the fact their funding form is linked to laws and rulings that ignore their artistic nature? If the cultural journalism fails to explore the particular aspects of the power relationship between art and State manifested in the artistic existence of these companies, what does actually become public about them? This paper is based on the hypothesis of how successful the French model of official company, whose roots are connected to Louis XIV, was in Brazil, before the Portuguese colony, in the shows that took place here and before the critics at the times each one of these phenomena refers to, important allies to activate such victorious building. With Corpomídia Theory (KATZ; GREINER, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006) it was possible to leverage the hypothesis that official companies operate by communicating their colonial ideology (the monarchies of Central Europe in the XVII, XVIII and XIX centuries), and the political terms of their foundation at the places where they are established. This double connection is found in its very own operation structure. This hypothesis can be built when one understands the body in codependence with the environments, in an ongoing process of changes of both environments, as the corpomídia concept suggests. By articulating the post-colonial reflection made by Agamben (2004), Bhabha (2007), Buarque de Holanda (1995, 2010), Elias (1990, 1993, 2001), among other researchers devoted to the embeddedness of communication with culture, it was possible to research the situation of the 15 Brazilian official dance companies through the relationship between media and power. The purpose of the research was to show that, in order to change the current situation, it is necessary to provide media visibility to the dance-State relationship, taking into account the weak communication of these days. Interviews with the directors of these companies were carried out, as well as bibliographic review that added to the authors mentioned the research of Brazilian Federal Registers, and valuable historical documents found in the collection of Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF), mainly at Bibliothèque-Musée de L Opéra, thanks to a four-month scholarship granted by CAPES
No Brasil, quando se fala sobre companhias oficiais de dança, o que primeiro aparece é a negligência do jornalismo cultural no que diz respeito à complexidade do que elas envolvem. O que se sabe sobre seu funcionamento se as mídias silenciam, sem informar sobre os comprometimentos advindos da sua forma de financiamento ser atrelada a leis e decretos que ignoram a sua natureza artística? Se o jornalismo cultural não explora os meandros da relação de poder entre arte e Estado, que se manifesta na forma de existência artística dessas companhias, o que, de fato, se torna público a seu respeito? Esta tese parte da hipótese de que o sucesso que o modelo francês de companhia oficial, de raízes ligadas a Luís XIV, teve no Brasil encontrou, na presença colonial portuguesa, nos espetáculos que aqui foram apresentados e nos críticos das épocas a que cada um desses fenômenos se refere, aliados potentes para o ativamento dessa construção vitoriosa. Com a Teoria Corpomídia (KATZ; GREINER, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006), foi possível alavancar a hipótese de que as companhias oficiais atuam comunicando a sua ideologia colonial (as monarquias centro-europeias dos séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX) e as condições políticas de sua fundação nos locais onde se estabelecem. Essa dupla vinculação encontra-se encarnada na sua própria estrutura de funcionamento. Essa hipótese pode ser construída quando se entende o corpo em codependência com os ambientes, em um processo permanente de transformações de ambos, como propõe o conceito de corpomídia. Articulando a reflexão pós-colonial de Agamben (2004), Bhabha (2007), Buarque de Holanda (1995, 2010), Elias (1990, 1993, 2001), entre outros teóricos dedicados à imbricação da comunicação com a cultura, tornou-se possível pesquisar a situação das 15 companhias brasileiras oficiais de dança por meio da relação entre mídia e poder. A pesquisa teve como objetivo evidenciar que para modificar a situação atual torna-se necessário dar visibilidade midiática para a relação dança-Estado, levando em conta a comunicação precária hoje existente. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os diretores dessas companhias, bem como uma revisão bibliográfica que agregou aos autores citados o vasculhamento de Diários Oficiais e documentos históricos preciosos encontrados nos acervos da Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF), sobretudo na Bibliothèque-Musée de L Opéra, graças à uma bolsa-sanduíche de quatro meses concedida pela CAPES
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Forner, Régis [UNESP]. "Modelagem matemática e o legado de Paulo Freire: relações que se estabelecem com o currículo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/156018.
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A tese que ora apresento, tem por objetivo evidenciar algumas reflexões que emanam de um contexto em que se busca uma possibilidade de implementação da Modelagem na Educação Matemática em um ambiente permeado por um currículo prescrito. Para entender esse ambiente e, dessa forma, analisar as potencialidades da Modelagem, foi oferecido um curso para professores de Matemática que lecionam em escolas estaduais que integram a Diretoria de Ensino de Limeira, no Estado de São Paulo. Esse curso teve por objetivo apresentar essa abordagem pedagógica aos professores que, em sua maioria, desconheciam a Modelagem, e elaborar atividades que poderiam ser desenvolvidas em sala de aula. Segundo a abordagem qualitativa, os dados foram produzidos a partir das falas que se deram durante o curso e também em entrevistas realizadas com os professores em formação. Após esses dados serem analisados, buscou-se apresentá-los a partir do levantamento de temas geradores, que metaforicamente como o Método Paulo Freire, denotam uma complexidade própria do tema da pesquisa. A apresentação, durante o desenvolver de suas seções, se deu no diálogo entre o referencial teórico, por meio de seus autores, com as falas dos professores em formação. Objetivou-se com isso refletir sobre o contexto e, com um viés embasado na consciência crítica, propor alguns possíveis inéditos-viavéis frente as situações-limites que se impõem ao professor e que, de certa maneira, influenciam negativamente na possível implementação da Modelagem na Educação Básica. A partir dessa análise, concluo que a Modelagem pode ocupar espaço nas aulas de Matemática, desde que haja um movimento em torno da compreensão das situações-limite e da proposição de inéditos-viáveis que podem se dar por meio da constituição de Espaços Colaborativos de Formação em Modelagem.
The dissertation here presented aims to highlight some reflections that emanate from a context in which the possibility of implementing Modeling in Mathematics Education is sought in an environment permeated by a prescribed curriculum. In order to understand this environment and thus to analyze the potential of Modeling, a course was offered for Mathematics’ teachers who teach in public state schools that are part of the Teaching Board of Limeira, in São Paulo state. This course aimed to present this pedagogical approach to teachers who, for the most part, were not familiar with Modeling and to elaborate activities that could be developed in their classrooms. According to the qualitative approach, the data were produced from the speeches that were given during the course and also in interviews with the teachers in formation. After the analysis of the data, we sought to present them from the survey of generating themes, which metaphorically as Paulo Freire Method, denote a complexity specific to the research theme. During the development of its sections, the presentation took place in the dialogue between the theoretical reference, through its authors, and the statements of the teachers in formation. The objective was to reflect about the context and, with a bias based on the critical consciousness, to propose some possible untested feasibility in the face of the limiting situations that are imposed on the teacher and which, in a certain way, negatively influence the possible implementation of Modeling in Basic education. From this analysis, I conclude that Modeling can occupy space in Mathematics classes, since there is provided there a movement around the understanding of limiting situations and the proposition of untested feasibility that can be given through Teacher Collaboratives of Professional Development.
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Grove, Carl D. "The official English debate in the United States Congress : a critical analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9481.
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Pyne, Francis J. "Compensation in the public sector, is a change needed?" Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1988. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Rogers, Asha. "Officially autonomous : anglophone literary cultures and the state since 1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:472d2721-82a6-4f0e-ac48-784802349334.
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This thesis examines the role of the modern democratic state as a sponsor of literature in the English-speaking world between 1945 and 2000. Working with, and modifying, Bourdieu's conception of the literary field, it considers the often paradoxical consequences of the state's shift from censor to guarantor in this period. Granting 'official autonomy' in this way had numerous unexpected and often fraught effects on the writers, readers and institutions that shaped the literary field. To keep this large subject firmly based on available historical evidence, this thesis considers a series of distinct 'moments' of state intervention through detailed case studies of three specific institutions: the international Congress for Cultural Freedom (1960-1968), the Arts Council of Great Britain (1960-1990), and the private examination boards that implemented the National Curriculum in the UK (1989-2000). In each case, it shows how these different but related moments, and the larger diachronic narrative of which they form a part, take place against a backdrop of interlinking historical and socio-political transformations, including the Cold War, decolonisation and multiculturalism. Drawing on evidence in literary and other public archives, the thesis not only brings into view questions about the public status of literature in recent history, it shows how an understanding of the state's role enables us to think differently about the cultural consequences of modern democratic liberalism. The methodological emphasis it places on institutions challenges critical and popular orthodoxies, associated chiefly with the liberal tradition, which conventionally set the overbearingly powerful and monolithic state against the inescapably vulnerable but also courageous individual. The alternative picture that emerges reveals a world in which the actions of various individuals can be understood partly via the institutional roles they perform, and institutions operate as sites that negotiate competing ideas of literature and literariness, and implement state power in variegated, diffuse and contested ways. Each of the case studies provides a different, though comparable, perspective on this larger picture. As such, the thesis opens up a nuanced way of analysing the interventions of writers, critics and reading communities, while also offering a differentiated approach to understanding the state and its evolution.
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Nairn, James P. "State and local homeland security officials : who are they and what do they do?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5461.
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CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Today, hundreds of colleges and universities throughout the United States of America are offering prospective students homeland security certificates, bachelor's and master's degrees to educate a new cadre of homeland security officials. Yet, when asked, a practicing homeland security professional will likely admit that he/she has little idea what these students will be able to do when they graduate. The problem is that homeland security, in its current form, is not clearly defined and few understand what homeland security officials actually do, especially at the state and local levels. This research addresses this problem by asking state and local homeland security officials about who they are and what they do. By conducting interviews with state and local homeland security officials in practice, this research provides insight into the world of nonfederal homeland security officials, their activities and their backgrounds. It further provides a set of recommendations for developing educational, training and developmental programs that support homeland security officials at the state and local levels
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Šafr, Jakub. "Kolaborační proud protektorátního prezidenta Emila Háchy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192709.
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This thesis deals with the conservatively authoritarian collaboration movement led by the so-called State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Emil Hácha, who belongs to the controversial figures of our modern history. The thesis is concerned with Hácha's ideological orientation as a radical conservative and with the historicist concept of the Czech statehood as the two main bases of his approach to collaboration on whose grounds the policy of actual cooperation with the Nazi occupiers was realised. In connection with Hácha's specific type of collaboration, emphasis is placed on his negative relationship with the first independent Czechoslovak Republic and its liberal democratic regime, and, on the other hand, on his friendly relationship with the Greater German Reich and supra-state systems in general. In order to demonstrate the practice of E. Hácha's policies, attention is paid to the President's and his supporters' loyal pro-German speeches, activities of the organisations founded by Hácha -- Národní souručenství (National Community) and Český svaz pro spolupráci s Němci (Czech Union for Cooperation with Germans) -- and Hácha's attitude towards the Czech resistance movement. The thesis also depicts the change of Hácha's leading position in the autonomous administration of the Protectorate in connection with the Nazi intentions that were put into practice in the Czech area from his election to the end of the war. Another aim of the thesis, in order to assess in detail the form of the President's pro-German cooperation, is to compare Hácha's group with the Czech fascist movement, and the collaborating journalists around E. Moravec. The primary focus is on the ideological conflict and political struggle for power among the collaborative movements, their different attitudes to the German occupation administration, and their exploitability by Nazi policies in the Protectorate. The final part of the thesis deals with opinions of contemporary society on E. Hácha's Protectorate policies, including reactions of the resistance at home and abroad. On this basis, the post-war statements given by the representatives of Hácha's collaboration movement to the National Court in the process of "national cleansing" are compared with their actual activities during the time of the occupation. The thesis draws from archive materials, contemporary printed sources, and scholarly literature that covers the topic of collaboration in the Protectorate.
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Delhaye, Coralie. "Comparaison des positionnements entre savoirs scientifiques et croyances religieuses à propos des origines du vivant dans les curriculums officiels grec, français et belge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209167.
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La problématique de recherche étudiée dans le cadre de cette thèse, émerge de diverses réflexions, données empiriques et observations, toutes liées à un constat qui a des implications importantes pour l’enseignement des sciences :le rejet partiel ou total de la théorie de l’évolution aux cours de sciences dispensés à l’école, au nom de croyances créationnistes, dans des sociétés modernes européennes où la science fait autorité.La littérature scientifique qui traite de cette problématique dans le cadre de l’enseignement scolaire en Europe ,analyse les conceptions d’acteurs de l’enseignement scolaire – enseignants et/ou élèves – sur ce sujet, en étudiant notamment le lien qu’entretiennent ces conceptions avec les représentations que ces mêmes acteurs ont de la science, avec leurs parcours personnels, avec leur formation, etc. Un point aveugle observé dans cette littérature est la rareté des recherches portant sur les directives officiellement adressées aux enseignants. C’est pourquoi nous avons choisi de nous pencher sur le contenu de ces directives.
Cette recherche a, en premier lieu, une visée exploratoire. Elle consiste à construire et utiliser un instrument théorique et méthodologique qui permet, d’une part, d’identifier des représentations du savoir scientifique, de la croyance religieuse et/ou de leurs rapports (ou non rapports) véhiculées par les curriculums prescrits européens et, d’autre part, de déterminer des mécanismes à travers lesquels ces représentations pourraient influencer, d’une façon ou d’une autre, le rejet ou l’acceptation de la théorie de l’évolution au nom de croyances créationnistes ou encore, inversement, le rejet ou l’acceptation de croyances créationnistes au nom de la théorie de l’évolution. Pour repérer les représentations recherchées, nous utilisons la méthode de l’analyse de contenu thématique.
Une autre visée de cette étude est confirmatoire. Il s’agit de confirmer le postulat suivant lequel la nature des éventuelles représentations repérées au sein des curriculums prescrits au moyen de l’instrument susmentionné peut être mise en lien – lien dont la nature sera définie dans le corps de notre dissertation, sur la base de l’analyse de données sociohistoriques rapportées dans la littérature – avec les modalités de gestion de la laïcité mises en place par les politiques éducatives de différents pays européens :la France, la Grèce et la Belgique francophone. Ces pays ont justement été sélectionnés pour leur profil divergent en matière de politiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle. Pour démontrer ce lien, nous nous livrons à une analyse comparative sociétale.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kling, Florian. "Corruption as a crime within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court?" University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4564.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis research paper will examine whether the ICC should de lege ferenda be accorded jurisdiction in respect of the crime of corruption. Through this approach, the paper will contribute to the existing literature on corruption that argues in favour of an elevation of corruption to a crime under international law and, in addition, will proffer a specialised mechanism for addressing the problem.
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GUIMARAES, JULIA PERES. "CINEMA AND THE OFFICIAL UNITED STATES DISCOURSE ON WAR ON DRUGS: THE FILM MISS BALA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24839@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação parte do estudo da teoria acerca do pós-modernismo a fim de explorar a noção de que as formas de arte permitem interrupções conceituais que são capazes de desafiar as hierarquias dominantes de pensamento e de propor soluções alternativas de estruturação da experiência sensorial. As obras de Fredric Jameson e Jacques Derrida – entre outros autores – serão cruciais para examinar noções-chave como a obliteração das fronteiras e diferenças culturais entre as disciplinas e a desconstrução de oposições binárias e suas hierarquias de valores. O argumento fundamental defendido é o de que os gêneros artísticos são capazes de reorientar pensamentos e gerar reflexões a partir de/entre diferentes faculdades intelectuais e sensoriais, revelando as contingências culturais das categorias tradicionais de pensamento tradicionais e permitindo assim o surgimento de interpretações culturais subversivas que desafiam as perspectivas dominantes e significados textuais fixos. Ao focar no trabalho de Jacques Rancière e Michael Shapiro, o cinema será enfatizado como uma forma de arte única devido ao seu potencial de enquadramento e reformulação de realidades políticas embutidas em discursos oficiais de guerra. Assim, o filme Miss Bala (México, Gerardo Naranjo, 2011) será investigado, a fim de sugerir críticas diferenciadas ao discurso oficial do governo dos Estados Unidos a respeito das políticas contra o tráfico de drogas ilícitas, especialmente no México. Determinados recursos cinematográficos empregados pelo diretor serão estudados, a saber: o predomínio do ser centrífugo (estilo de filmagem onde a câmera seguem de perto e por trás o personagem), o foco invisível na imagem do fora-de-campo, e, as materializações de encontros tanto móveis (a multiplicidade e variedade de cenas em automóveis) quanto fixas (apropriação do corpo da personagem principal através das várias cenas onde ela se despe/veste/é despida/vestida). Cada um destes recursos estéticos será estudado com o auxílio de fotografias do cenas do filme em paralelo a temas centrais na discussão sobre o tráfico de drogas no México, a fim de levantar questões críticas e alternativas, e, em última análise, corroborar a noção de que – como afirma Michael Shapiro – as imagens de fato pensam politicamente.
The dissertation will explore postmodernist theory and practice in order to establish the notion that art forms allow for conceptual disruptions that are able to challenge dominant hierarchies of thought and propose alternative means of structuring sensory experience. The works of Fredric Jameson and Jacques Derrida – amongst other scholars – will be crucial to examine key notions such as the obliteration of the boundaries between disciplines and cultural distinctions, and the deconstruction of binary oppositions and their hierarchies of values. It will be argued that artistic genres are able to reorient thoughts and generate reflection amongst different faculties, revealing the cultural contingencies of philosophical categories and allowing for the emergence of subversive interpretations that challenge dominant cultural perspectives and fixede textual meanings. By focusing on the work of Jacques Rancière and Michael Shapiro, emphasis will be placed on cinema as an art form due to its unique potential in reframing realities and challenging official discourses embedded in war policies. Hence, the film Miss Bala (Gerardo Naranjo, 2011) will be investigated in order to advance differentiated critical insights to the dominant official discourse offered by the United States government regarding its policies towards the illicit drug trade, especially in relation to Mexico. Thus, distinctive cinematic resources employed by the director will be studied, namely: the predominance of the centrifugal being (steadicam-driven style camera movements that follow the main character at arms length from behind); the invisible focus on the out-of-field; and, materializations of encounter taking place on mobile sites (the multiplicity and variety of car scenes) and fixed sites (appropriation of the main character s body through the multiple scenes of (un)dressing and being (un)dressed). Each of these aesthetic resources will be studied in consonance with central themes in debate about illegal drug trade in Mexico, in order to raise alternative critical questions and ultimately to endorse the notion that, as Michael Shapiro asserts, images can and do think politically.
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Montoya, Martin Dale. "The methodological risk of relying on official statistics to construct crime and other deviancy rates /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095264.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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黃芬儀 and Fan-yi Wong. "Human resource management in traditional China: an examination of how Han imperial officials wererecruited and its legacy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123785X.
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Wong, Fan-yi. "Human resource management in traditional China : an examination of how Han imperial officials were recruited and its legacy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19872069.
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Romero, Sigifredo. "The Progressive Catholic Church in Brazil, 1964-1972: The Official American View." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1210.
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This thesis explores the American view of the Brazilian Catholic Church through the critical examination of cables produced by the U.S. diplomatic mission in Brazil during the period 1964-1972. This thesis maintains that the United States regarded the progressive catholic movement, and eventually the Church as a whole, as a threat to its security interests. Nonetheless, by the end of 1960s, the American approach changed from suspicion to collaboration as the historical circumstances required so. This thesis sheds light on the significance of the U.S. as a major player in the political conflict that affected Brazil in the 1964-1972 years in which the Brazilian Catholic Church, and particularly its progressive segments, played a fundamental role.
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Vicente, Luciane da Silva. "O currículo da disciplina de ciências da secretaria de educação do estado de São Paulo: compreensão e perspectiva dos professores." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1658.
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The present paper aims to study the current Science Curriculum of São Paulo Education Department (SEESP). It was implemented in 2008 with the purpose to unify the school programmers taught and improve the quality of education of state public schools. The curriculum was developed by a group of experts chosen by SEE without teachers’ participation. In this regard, the goal of the survey is to figure out how teachers comprehend the official curriculum and how this comprehension has been impacting their work. In order to reach the goal, the survey was organized in two different moments. The first one has a bibliographical process, in which part of the literature about approaches and conceptions of the Science Curriculum over the past few years was mapped. During this process, national and state Science curricular purposes produced from the 1990s were analyzed. We see Science teachers’ statements as an important instrument therefore, for the second moment, they were interviewed about their experience, perception, and comprehension about the curriculum and how it has impacted their teaching practice. The interviews were analyzed through articulation between qualitative research and content analysis methodology. The results achieved indicate that the official curriculum of the State of São Paulo ignores the peculiarities of different school contexts and it doesn’t provide appropriate teaching resources and infrastructure. Moreover, the state official curriculum conception turns teachers into mere repeaters of a curriculum built without the participation of those directly involved in teaching process.
La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio el actual currículo de ciencias de la Secretaria de Educación del Estado de São Paulo (SEESP), que fue implementado en 2008 con el propósito de unificar los contenidos enseñados en toda la red y mejorar la calidad de la educación en las escuelas públicas estaduales. El currículo fue elaborado por un grupo de expertos seleccionados por la SEESP, pero, sin la participación de los profesores. En este contexto, el objetivo de la investigación es evaluar la comprensión que los profesores de ciencias tienen del currículo oficial y cómo esa comprensión se refleja en su trabajo. Para lograr hacerlo, inicialmente, mapeamos parte de la literatura que trata de los abordajes y de las concepciones del currículo de ciencias a lo largo de los últimos años. Luego analizamos las proposiciones curriculares para la disciplina de ciencias producidas en ámbito federal y por la SEESP a partir de la década de 1990. Entendemos que la declaración de los profesores es un instrumento importante de la investigación, así que, realizamos un conjunto de entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesores de ciencias que aborda la experiencia, la percepción y la comprensión que ellos tienen del currículo y de cómo estos factores impactan la práctica escolar. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas por medio de la articulación entre técnicas de investigación cualitativas y metodológicas de la analice del contenido. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que el currículo oficial para la red estadual de enseñanza del estado de São Paulo desconsidera las peculiaridades de cada contexto escolar: no oferta recursos didácticos ni siquiera una infraestructura correcta para que los profesores realicen su trabajo. Además, su concepción reduce los profesores a reproductores de un currículo construido sin la participación de los involucrados directamente en el proceso educativo de la red.
A presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo o atual currículo de ciências da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEESP). Ele é implementado em 2008 com o objetivo de unificar os conteúdos ensinados em toda a rede e para melhorar a qualidade da educação nas escolas públicas estaduais. O currículo foi elaborado por um grupo de especialistas definidos pela SEESP, sem a participação dos professores. Nesse contexto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender a compreensão que os professores de ciências possuem do currículo oficial e como esse entendimento tem impactado em seu trabalho. Para alcançar esse intento a pesquisa foi organizada em dois momentos. O primeiro, de caráter bibliográfico, mapeamos parte da literatura que trata das abordagens e concepções de currículo de Ciências ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesse mesmo processo, analisamos as proposições curriculares para a disciplina de Ciências produzidas em âmbito Federal e pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo a partir da década 1990. Entendemos que o depoimento dos professores se constitui em instrumento importante da pesquisa, assim, no segundo momento, realizamos um conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores de Ciências, que tratou da experiência, percepção e compreensão que eles possuem do currículo e de como impactou a prática escolar. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da articulação entre técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa e metodologia da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados dessa investigação indicam que o Currículo Oficial para a Rede Estadual de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo desconsidera as peculiaridades dos contextos escolares, não disponibiliza recursos didáticos e infraestrutura adequada para que os professores realizem seu trabalho. Além disso, sua concepção, reduz os professores à meros reprodutores de um currículo construído sem a participação dos envolvidos diretamente no processo educativo da rede.
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Rama-Murthy, Krishna. "Modeling of United States Airline Fares -- Using the Official Airline Guide (OAG) and Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35533.
Full textAbstract:
Prediction of airline fares within the United States including Alaska & Hawaii is required for transportation mode choice modeling in impact analysis of new modes such as NASA's Small Airplane Transportation System (SATS). Developing an aggregate cost model i.e. a 'generic fare model' of the disaggregated airline fares is required to measure the cost of air travel. In this thesis, the ratio of average fare to distance i.e. fare per mile and average fare is used as a measure of this cost model. The thesis initially determines the Fare Class categories to be used for Coach and Business class for the analysis .The thesis then develops a series of 'generic fare models' using round trip distance traveled as an independent variable. The thesis also develops a set of models to estimate average fare for any origin and destination pair in the US. The factors considered by these models are: the round trip distance traveled between the origin (o) and destination (d), the type of fare class chosen by the traveler (first, business class and unrestricted coach class and restricted coach class), the type of airport (large hub, medium hub, small hub, or non hub), whether or not the route is served by a low cost airline and the airline market concentration between the o-d pair. The models suggest that competition at the destination airport is more critical than the competition at origin airport for coach class fares and vice a versa for business class fares. Models suggested in this thesis predict air fares with R-square values of 0.3 to 0.75.Master of Science