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Journal articles on the topic 'State-labour relations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ribeiro da Silva, Filipa. "Political Changes and Shifts in Labour Relations in Mozambique, 1820s–1920s." International Review of Social History 61, S24 (December 2016): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000468.

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AbstractThis article examines the main changes in the policies of the Portuguese state in relation to Mozambique and its labour force during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, stemming from political changes within the Portuguese Empire (i.e. the independence of Brazil in 1821), the European political scene (i.e. the Berlin Conference, 1884–1885), and the Southern African context (i.e. the growing British, French, and German presence). By becoming a principle mobilizer and employer of labour power in the territory, an allocator of labour to neighbouring colonial states, and by granting private companies authority to play identical roles, the Portuguese state brought about important shifts in labour relations in Mozambique. Slave and tributary labour were replaced by new forms of indentured labour (initially termed serviçais and latter contratados) and forced labour (compelidos). The period also saw an increase in commodified labour in the form of wage labour (voluntários), self-employment among peasant and settler farmers, and migrant labour to neighbouring colonies.

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2

Sack, Jeffrey, and Tanya Lee. "The Role of the State in Canadian Labour Relations." Articles 44, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050480ar.

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The authors examine the role of the State in industrial relations in Canada. They address themselves particularly to the questions in which circumstances and to what extent the State should intervene.

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3

Howell, Jude, and Tim Pringle. "Shades of Authoritarianism and State-Labour Relations in China." British Journal of Industrial Relations 57, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12436.

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4

Qi, Hao. "Power relations and the labour share of income in China." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 607–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez054.

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Abstract The labour share of income in China substantially declined from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. We analyse the effect of power relations among the state, workers and managers on the labour share, during China’s economic transition from a state–socialist economy to a market economy. We take a Marxian approach in variable selection to reflect power relations over the two stages of China’s reform era. The econometric analysis shows that two major changes in power relations—the social contract between the state and workers disappeared and workers’ power relative to management declined—have a significant effect on the labour share. Furthermore, sectoral changes have no significant effect on the labour share between 1999 and 2010.

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5

Vorontsova, Anna, Tetyana Mayboroda, and Hlib Lieonov. "Innovation management in education: impact on socio-labour relations in the national economy." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2020): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.3-25.

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Education plays an essential role in the national economy and is responsible for the formation of qualified and competent human resources that will act in the labour market as a labour force. At the same time, in the conditions of rapid acceleration of socio-cultural and scientific-technical changes, the updating of knowledge and acquired competencies becomes compulsory today. Therefore, there is an unconditional connection between the sphere of socio-labour relations and the field of education. Despite this, today in Ukraine there is an imbalance between these areas, which are oversaturation of the labour market by some professionals (including economic and legal), and lack of others (including labour professions), labour migration, the dissatisfaction of employers with the level of knowledge of graduates, etc. It requires the modernization of the existing situation and the coordination at the state level of the areas of interaction between socio-labour relations and education sector. In this regard, this article is devoted to the justification of the impact of state regulation of education on the development of socio-labour relations in the national economy, which will be carried out by combining the method of principal components and logit modelling in the software STATA 11. To identify the integrated level characterizing the state of socio-labour relations in the national economy of Ukraine, numerous absolute and relative indicators were analyzed, including unemployment and employment levels, labour productivity, wage arrears and its average level, etc. The results obtained suggest an improvement in the socio-labour relations in Ukraine in recent years. Logit modelling allows confirming, as well as comprehensively and individually, the impact of macroeconomic, demographic, migration parameters, and a set of performance characteristics of the education sector on the level of harmonization and convergence of processes in labour markets and educational services. It helps to define the priorities of state intervention in the field of state regulation of education. The set calculations form the basis of further research of authors in the field of the specified problems. Keywords state regulation of education, socio-labour relations, national economy, labour market, binary logit modelling.

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6

Petrashchak, Oksana, and Andrii Kobrynskiy. "ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.062.

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Introduction. World experience shows that social and labour relations always serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of social and economic reforms in any country. In addition, social and labour relations can be determined as an important factor in labour productivity, quality of life and personal development. There are needs for progressive changes in the state of social and labour relations, the search for opportunities for their modernization without social and economic losses and destruction at every stage of society's development. Purpose. The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of management of social and labour relations in Ukraine in order to deepen the practical principles for ensuring progressive qualitative changes in the development of social and labour relations in entrepreneurial activity to increase the efficiency of such relations adequately according to the task of modernizing the economy. Method (methodology). The following methods have been used in the research: graphical and analytical method (to illustrate the investigated processes), qualimetric method (to improve the evaluation system of social and labour relations) and economic and mathematical method (to assess the state of industrial relations in the article). Results. The state and local authorities’ investment in the development of human capital is evidence of regulation of social and labour relations. Decrease of the share of spending on education, health, moral and physical development is a testament of a reduction in the regulation of the sphere of social and labour relations from the state corresponding to the decentralization reform. At the same time, a significant share of social security and welfare (25-28%) leads many employees to question the importance of employment in the formal sector and the role of labour as the main source of income for working people. The social responsibility of the state and business should provide the creation of productive jobs secured by competitive wages and favourable working conditions. The number of enterprises where strikes took place has grown up. This fact is an evidence of the formation of environment for the social dialogue. The results of the study showed that a widespread combination of social and labour relations in the form of a combination of «restrained authoritarian paternalism» with elements of social partnership exists in Ukraine.

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7

Tucker, Eric, and Bob Russell. "Back to Work? [:] Labour, State, and Industrial Relations in Canada." Labour / Le Travail 27 (1991): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25130256.

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8

Aguilar, Filomeno V. "Sugar planter‐state relations and labour processes in Colonial PhilippineHaciendas." Journal of Peasant Studies 22, no. 1 (October 1994): 50–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066159408438566.

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9

Kychko, Iryna, Halyna Samiilenko, Veronika Khudolei, Nataliia Bondar, and Yurii Kravchyk. "Risks of digital transformations of labour relations and the labour market." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-E (August 30, 2021): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-e1357p.650-660.

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The article investigates the risks of transforming labour relations in Ukraine under the influence of digitalization processes. The relationship of the digital economy with the processes taking place in the social and labour sphere is substantiated, its impact on the state of the labor market is assessed. Positive effects of automation application are affected, and the negative consequences of digitalization in the HR sphere. The risks of rotors and employees are addressed by the issues of the impact of digital technologies and automation on social and labour relations. It is argued that in the context of increasing remote, remote work, the work rings to comply with the principle of permanence. Works become inherent in the principles of episodicity, individualism. It is determined that the result of episodic labour relations may be the risk of non-payment of taxes on the income of workers, non-receipt of funds to the budget, loss of a significant part of taxes received from the incomes of the population, and therefore - a decrease in the base of financing social functions of the state.

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10

Kohl, Heribert, and Hans-Wolfgang Platzer. "Labour relations in central and eastern Europe and the European social model." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 1 (February 2003): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900104.

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A comparison of structural developments in labour relations in the eight CEE candidate countries at company, sectoral and national levels in relation to the European social model shows that despite a transformation geared towards western European models, labour relations in CEE countries are developing along nationally characteristic lines and are showing considerable variations. Significant features which they do have in common, except for Slovenia, are the overall weak and fragmented structures at company level, with the widespread absence of a sectoral level of action and organisation and a pronounced emphasis on the state, which also characterises tripartism at national level. Compared to the current EU Member States, these countries have their own evolutionary ‘transitional-society’ type of labour relations, which will considerably increase the diversity of structures and policies in the enlarged EU and will thus present considerable challenges for future transnational labour relations.

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11

Morse, Brad. "Aboriginal People and Labour Relations." Revue générale de droit 17, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 663–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059225ar.

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The original inhabitants of Canada (the Indian, Inuit and Metis peoples) now number approximately one million people. Although they represent only about 4% of the national population, they are a significant force in the Canadian economy. It is, thus, rather surprising to note the limited attention that aboriginal communities and aboriginal workers have received from the trade union movement. There is currently an active movement for the restoration of self-government and self-determination for aboriginal peoples in accordance with their own laws through a constitutionally mandated process and by way of direct negotiations with federal and provincial governments. Developments in this regard will clearly impact on labour relations. This essay attempts to provide a brief review of the present state of labour law as it relates to the aboriginal peoples of Canada, to serve as a foundation on which change may be built.

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12

Howell, Jude. "Shall We Dance? Welfarist Incorporation and the Politics of State–Labour NGO Relations." China Quarterly 223 (August 11, 2015): 702–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741015001174.

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AbstractRelations between the state and labour NGOs in China have been particularly fraught. In 2012, they took an interesting turn when some local governments made overtures to labour NGOs to cooperate in providing services to migrant workers. This article argues that this shift is part of a broader strategy of “welfarist incorporation” to redraw the social contract between state and labour. There are two key elements to this strategy: first, a relaxation of the registration regulations for social organizations, and second, governmental purchasing of services from social organizations. These overtures have both a state and market logic to maintain social control and stabilize relations of production.

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13

Asomah, Joseph Yaw. "Understanding the Role of the State in Promoting Capitalist Accumulation: A Case Study of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2014): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v3i2.3751.

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There is limited in-depth research focusing on how the state exerts power and its influence through immigration laws, policies and practices in structuring the relations of labour and capital in a manner that reflects capitalist interests. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the state in fostering capitalist accumulation, using the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a case study, and to consider the implications for policy. This paper addresses these questions: What shapes and reproduces labour-capital relations with reference to SAWP? What are the repercussions of these relations, particularly on the international migrant workers? What should be the role of the state and law in transforming these relations? The paper draws on a constellation of insights from neoliberal globalization, segmentation of labour theory, and a conceptual overview of the role of the state in regulating labour-capital relations to illuminate the discussions. This paper helps broaden our current understanding of how the state faciliates capitalist accumulation in the agricultural sector in Canada through immigration policies and practices with reference to the SAWP. The paper therefore makes a contribution to the theoretical debates on the role of the state in the facilitation of capitalist accumulation in agriculture.

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14

Hilson, Mary. "Labour Politics in a Naval Dockyard: The Case of Karlskrona, Sweden c. 1880–1925." International Review of Social History 46, no. 3 (November 26, 2001): 341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000232.

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Naval dockyards have been largely neglected by labour historians, a surprising omission given their importance as industrial workplaces with a distinct culture of labour and labour relations. This article considers labour politics in Karlskrona dockyard, Sweden, in the light of a growing body of research on work and labour relations in the British and other European dockyards. Evidence from Karlskrona suggests that, rather than being repressed by military discipline or bought off by generous state benefits, the dockyard workforce drew on aspects of its unique relationship with the national state to improve working conditions. Particular attention is given to the role of the dockyard trade union in creating a sense of workforce identity as state employees. This is in contrast to the British dockyards where unionism was founded on the rigid division of labour in the shipbuilding industry.

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15

Peter Sheldon and Louise Thornthwaite. "The State, Labour and the Writing of Australian Labour History." Labour History, no. 100 (2011): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.100.0083.

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16

Ellner, Steve, Jean Carriere, Nigel Haworth, and Jacqueline Roddick. "The State, Industrial Relations and the Labour Movement in Latin America." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 1 (1991): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166047.

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17

Rowley, Chris, and Mhinder Bhopal. "The ethnic factor in state-labour relations: The case of Malaysia." Capital & Class 30, no. 1 (March 2006): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680608800105.

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18

Pretorius, Louwrens. "Relations between State, Capital and Labour in South Africa: Towards Corporatism?" Journal of Theoretical Politics 8, no. 2 (April 1996): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951692896008002008.

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19

Fairbrdther, Peter, and Duncan Macdonald. "Multinational Versus State Ownership: Labour-Management Relations in the Electricity Industry." Journal of Industrial Relations 42, no. 2 (June 2000): 314–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218560004200209.

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20

Woods, H. D. "Power and Function in Labour Relations." Relations industrielles 15, no. 4 (February 3, 2014): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021910ar.

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Summary The Author contends that the legal framework which has developed in Canada to deal with collective bargaining has been less favourable to the emergence of strong unions and effective collective bargaining than in the American case. This is explained better by fortuitous (and notably constitutional) circumstances than by calculated policy decisions. Canadian pragmatism in this field has led to a relatively massive State intervention which has strongly affected the basically unstable power relationship between labour and management. And the trend is increasing.

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21

Logan, John. "How “Anti-Union” Laws Saved Canadian Labour." Articles 57, no. 1 (July 24, 2003): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006713ar.

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SummaryThis article analyzes the development in Canada of two critical differences between Canadian and U.S. labour policy: union recognition and state regulation of striker replacements. The development of public policy on these issues helps illuminate the fundamental principles of state intervention in post-war labour-management relations. Canadian lawmakers have circumscribed the economic weapons of unions and established stringent certification requirements; but they have also restricted employers’ recruitment of striker replacements and limited management involvement in the certification process. In the post-war decades, unionists attacked the “excessive intrusiveness” of Canadian labour policy and preferred the less intrusive system of state intervention in the U.S. Since the 1970s, however, Canada’s extensive regulation of labour relations has protected workers against market-driven anti-unionism and helped preserve the institutions of collective bargaining.

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22

WILSON, FIONA. "Reconfiguring the Indian: Land–Labour Relations in the Postcolonial Andes." Journal of Latin American Studies 35, no. 2 (May 2003): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x03006746.

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This article considers the ways in which provincial elites in the Peruvian Andes of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries addressed the task of dismantling colonial institutions and relations. It draws on material from a municipal archive to trace how the land-for-labour ‘pact of reciprocity’ linking the town of Tarma both to the central state and to the indigenous hinterland was re-worked and eventually brought to an end. The contexts in which a postcolonial discourse of the Indian emerged are explored, and are understood as linked to struggles between local government and central state over the deployment of indigenous labour.

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Kulikov, Volodymyr. "INFORMAL LABOR RELATIONS WITHIN THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE LATE RUSSIAN EMPIRE." City History, Culture, Society, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.05.084.

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The article presents a study of informal labour relations within the industrial enterprises of the Russian Empire based on materials from the Dnieper-Donets region during the period 1870–1917. The analysis is based on narrative writings created by the entrepreneurs and workers as primary sources, supplemented by analytical data collected by the zemstvo and state commissions. The article demonstrates that informal labour relations took various forms such as informal employment, manipulation with the workers’ wages, requiring and performing activates which were not listed in the employment contract, and corruption. The combination of mutual benefits and risks for the main stakeholders determined the system of informal labour relations. The omnipresence of these informal practices was due to the ignorance of both the employees and the employers concerning the relevant legislation. Inefficient state control over labour law also contributed to the expansion of informal institutions. During the last quarter of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, formal practices dislodged some informal variations. It happened due to the modernization of the work ethic on both the workers’ and the industrialists’ side, the strengthening of the regulatory and controlling role of the state, and, most importantly, the organizational changes within the industrial enterprises. The rise of large modern industrial enterprises with a hierarchy of salaried managers demanded a system of new, more formal labour relations between the employers and employees. However, the formalization of labour relations in the industrial enterprises in Russia was not a linear process. Some informal practices proved to be very viable and have survived to-date.

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24

Burnham, Peter. "Globalisation: states, markets and class relations." Historical Materialism 1, no. 1 (1997): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920697100414159.

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AbstractThe concept of ‘globalisation’ increasingly dominates economic and political debate in the 1990s. However, despite a profusion of commentaries and case studies on aspects of ‘globalisation’ such as ‘Japanisation', ‘Americanisation', ‘McDonaldisation’ and, of course, global information technologies, there are few radical interrogations of the notion of ‘globalisation/internationalisation’ and little discussion of the theoretical implications of recent changes in the global political economy (GPE). The central argument of this paper is that in order to make sense of these developments a broad focus is required which begins by conceptualising the changing nature of relations between national states in the global economy and concludes by understanding these relations in class terms. This is not simply to restate the importance of an international relations or international political economy ‘dimension', since these ‘disciplines’ fail absolutely to relate ‘interstate’ restructuring to the re-composition of class relations. Rather, the aim of the paper is to prompt a more general theoretical reorientation towards understanding the process of international restructuring as one undertaken by national states in an attempt to re-impose tighter labour discipline and recompose the labour/capital relationship. My starting point, therefore, is that global capitalism is still structured as an antagonistic state system, and that many of the changes which characterise the global political economy are introduced by states in an attempt to solve problems that have their roots in labour/capital conflict. In summary form, the paper concludes that the concept of ‘globalisation’ obscures more than it reveals and that Marx's understanding of the relationship between labour, capital and the state remains a more productive starting point for analysing contemporary global processes.

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Caban, Pedro A. "Industrial Transformation and Labour Relations in Puerto Rico: From ‘Operation Bootstrap’ to the 1970s." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 3 (October 1989): 559–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0001854x.

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During the 1950s and 1960s Puerto Rico's industrial transformation was accompanied by social stability and relatively peaceful labour relations, which were essential for a development programme dependent upon foreign investments. The state took a central role in this process, as it guided economic activity and mobilised vital human and material resources. However, by the late 1960s profound changes in the island's political economy threatened this state-guided development programme. This essay traces the history of Puerto Rican economic change and the relationship between industrial transformation and the state's capacity to manage the operation of the economy, particularly industrial relations up to the late 1970s. Four features of this process will be examined: (1) labour relations during the early phase of industrialisation; (2) the changes in the economy resulting from the expansion of capital-intensive industrial sectors; (3) the impact of these changes on the state's capacity to manage the political economy, particularly its fiscal policy; and (4) how these changes altered the nature of state-labour relations.

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Wratny, Jerzy. "Conflict and Cooperation in Labour-Management Relations. A Comparative Approach: Canada-Poland." Revue générale de droit 25, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056404ar.

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Until 1980, labour relations in Poland were entirely run by the state. As a result of massive strikes and social negotiations the first independent trade union “Solidarność” was established. The 1989 elections, which lead to the defeat of the Communist government, finally opened the door for legal reform of the Polish industrial relations model. In this article, the author examines the evolution and development of the Polish labour relations system in contrast with the situation and latest trends of labour negotiations in Canada, a democratic country with a market economy.

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Hui, Elaine Sio-ieng. "The Labour Law System, Capitalist Hegemony and Class Politics in China." China Quarterly 226 (June 2016): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741016000382.

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AbstractThis article investigates how the Chinese labour law system has helped to reproduce capitalist hegemony, i.e. the ethico-political, moral and cultural leadership of the ruling class. Based on intensive fieldwork in the Pearl River Delta and 115 interviews with migrant workers, this article shows that the labour law system has exercised a double hegemonic effect with regards to capital–labour relations and state–labour relations. Through normalizing, countervailing, concealing and transmuting mechanisms, the labour law system has been able to buffer both the market economy and the party-state from workers’ radical and fundamental criticism. However, the double hegemony mediated through the labour law system has influenced the Chinese migrant workers in an uneven manner: some of them have granted active consent to the ruling class leadership; some have only rendered passive consent; and some have refused to give any consent at all.

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Lash, S., and P. Bagguley. "Labour Relations in Disorganized Capitalism: A Five-Nation Comparison." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6, no. 3 (September 1988): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d060321.

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A critique of the ‘Regulation School's' account of the development of ‘post-Fordist’ patterns of industrial relations is presented. An alternative account of the ‘disorganization’ of capitalist social relations is presented with particular emphasis on the role of agents of disorganization of labour relations, It is shown through a comparative analysis of recent developments in industrial relations in Sweden, West Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States of America that the particular patterns of disorganization will vary depending on whether capital, labour, or the state has most influence over the process of restructuring.

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Thomas, Robert J., Eric Batstone, Anthony Ferner, and Michael Terry. "Consent and Efficiency: Labour Relations and Management Strategy in the State Enterprise." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 6 (November 1986): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071129.

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Avdagic, S. "State-labour relations in East Central Europe: explaining variations in union effectiveness." Socio-Economic Review 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwh012.

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Ci-sheng, Wu, and Zhou Zhen. "Anhui Xuanjiu Group: creating happiness for employees." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2012-0209.

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Subject area Labour relations management, business management, HRM, focusing on the labour relations of Chinese enterprises. Study level/applicability This case is designed for students in schools of business or management, undergraduate MBA or executive MBA classes. Students should already have a basic knowledge about Chinese labour relations, HRM, and organizational development. Case overview In 2004, a deal transformed Anhui Xuanjiu Group from a state-owned enterprise (SOE) to a private company. Li Jian, the Chairman of Xuanjiu Group, focused on creating happiness for employees. Thanks to Li Jian's efforts, Xuanjiu emrged from its crisis which was formed in the planned economy system. After several years of development, the labour relations management of Anhui Xuanjiu Group became a model among private enterprises in China. Expected learning outcomes Students can gain new insights into labour relations in China. The case provides an example of building friendly labour relations to avoid labour disputes. It provides a set of measures for retaining and motivating workers. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

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Hofmeester, Karin, Gijs Kessler, and Christine Moll-Murata. "Conquerors, Employers, and Arbiters: States and Shifts in Labour Relations 1500–2000, Introduction." International Review of Social History 61, S24 (December 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000523.

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AbstractThe introductory article to this volume offers an analytical framework for the capacities in which states have historically affected labour relations. The framework captures the full range of possible manifestations of state power, including early states, empires, regional authorities, and city states. It distinguishes between the state as a direct actor or participant, carrying out tasks deemed essential for its functioning, and the state as an arbiter, redistributor, or regulator. As conquerors or employers, states are confronted with a basic dilemma: how to extract and allocate the labour resources required to accomplish state tasks. Borrowing from Charles Tilly, the two broad categories of capital and coercion are used as a heuristic device to bring order to the ways in which states have solved this dilemma. Contrary to Tilly’s trajectories of state formation, states’ reliance on capital or coercion is subject to a great degree of flexibility, both over time and across space. In their capacities as mediators and regulators, modern states came to have an even more profound impact on labour relations, as state building moved away from the single focus on organizing the extraction of resources to a wider mission of fostering welfare, economic development, and human capital formation.

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Wetzel, Kurt. "The Labour Relations of New Zealand's Health Reforms." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 1 (March 1999): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100103.

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This paper examines factors contributing to the environment within which reform of New Zealnnd's public health care and its industrial relations system occurred. These include radical state sector; health and labour law reforms that marketised the health sector, decentralised bargaining, the ending of compulsory union membership and the elimination of the requirement that employers bargain 'in good faith'. The paper examines the implementation of these changes and their impact on various unions. Domestic service workers have fared poorly, while medical specialists have benefited from the reforms. The impact on nursing and support staff unions has varied according to regional and market pressures for different occupations. Various union strategies and structures are examined. The paper concludes that reform has ended the exceptionalism of labour relations in New Zealand.

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Кривой, Виктор, and Victor Krivoy. "Labour is the essence of coexistence, and the labour law is the oldest legislation." Advances in Law Studies 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/509.

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The article explores the origins of labour and a man on the base of the Old Testament, references to work in the New Testament, and the role of the working people in the transformation of Christianity into a world religion. The autor makes conclusions about the origin of the pre-state labour law, its historical superiority over other branches of law, arising of all contemporary social phenomena (morality, art, family, society, law, state, science, etc.) out of labour relations. Especially stressed the role of Lev Tolstoy in the disclosure of Christian and human values of labour and picking up its status in society.

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Zapara, Svitlana, Yaroslav Melnyk, Mariya Melnyk, Maryna Kuznetsova, and Natalia Bondar. "Labour Relations and the Information Security of the State during the Covid-19 Pandemics." Information & Security: An International Journal 45 (2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.4505.

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The technological changes directly influence human values, way of life, communication, education, new digital competencies, economic productivity, social rights, privacy, access to information, and more. Understanding and describing these effects is key for understanding the new digital social reality and determining possibilities, challenges, and threats of the fourth industrial revolution. The prerequisites of this study are the objective monitoring of the state of social and labour relations in Ukraine and other countries, the analysis of urgent issues of alternative employment, the global crisis and crisis of the human rights mechanism of social and labour relations, changes in the legal status and powers of trade union organizations. These institutions are intended to protect the interests of employees, to facilitate the ‘individualization’ of labour relations, and new forms to protect employees’ rights and interests.

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Stasiv, Oleh, Nataliia Kotko, and Liubov Mahas. "Basic principles of modernization of social and labour relations in the context of regulation of incomes of rural population." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 7-8 (November 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.7-8.16.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is to carry out a study of the current state of social and labour relations on the basis of scientifically-grounded analysis of the most general indicators such as employment and unemployment, remuneration and living standards of rural population, and further modernization of social and labour relations in the context of regulating rural population incomes. Methodology of research. General scientific methods are used in the research, in particular: statistical, economic analysis – to determine the status and dynamics of such indicators as employment and unemployment, remuneration and living standards of the rural population; tabular – to organize the statistics. Findings. The problems of formation of the level of economic activity, employment and unemployment of the rural population of Ukraine and the Carpathian region are generalized, and the factors that significantly influence the formation of social and labour relations of the rural population are characterized. The following statements are established in the article, in particular: intensive processes of workforce dismissal by agricultural enterprises, narrowing the scope of work in rural areas cause a high level of informal employment of rural population, intensifying its migration behaviour, which, ultimately, leads to changes in the sphere of income generation. The analysis of modern and perspective directions of modernization of social and labour relations is carried out. Originality. A systematic approach is used to outline the problems and features of modernization of social and labour relations in the context of rural population income. Practical value. The obtained results will provide a scientific substantiation for the social and economic performance of the state measures taken to increase social standards, income and living standards of the rural population, and further develop social and labour relations. Key words: economically active population; employment; rural population; social and labour relations.

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Varela, Raquel. "State Policies Towards Precarious Work: Employment and Unemployment in Contemporary Portugal." International Review of Social History 61, S24 (December 2016): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000444.

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AbstractIn the context of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, in this article, we relate the analysis of precarious work in Portugal to the state, in particular, as a direct participant functioning as both employer and mediator. In the second part, we present a short overview of the evolution of casualization in the context of employment and unemployment in contemporary Portugal (1974–2014). In the third section, we discuss state policies on labour relations, particularly in the context of the welfare state. Finally, we compare this present analysis with Swedish research done from the perspective of the state as a direct participant and mediator over the past four decades.

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Yanchenko, Elena V. "Labour Market in the Conditions of Digitalization: Possible Risks of Subjects of Labour Relations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 51 (2020): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/51/6.

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The relevance of the topic of the functioning of the labour market in the conditions of digitalization is due to the need for identifying and accounting for the risks of subjects of labour relations. The author reviews modern literature sources to determine the impact of digitalization on the labour market, identifies the positive and negative manifestations of this impact, defines the concept of risk for subjects of labour relations, and describes its main types and determinants. The correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between the economy and society digitalization index and the unemployment rate shows that the risks are low and the relationship is weak. The risk of unemployment in the context of digitalization is directly related to the level of the flexibility of the labor market and the elasticity of unemployment. In the conclusion, the author describes the novelty of the approach and gives recommendations for the state regulation of the issue.

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Tonkens, Evelien, Ellen Grootegoed, and Jan Willem Duyvendak. "Introduction: Welfare State Reform, Recognition and Emotional Labour." Social Policy and Society 12, no. 3 (May 28, 2013): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641300016x.

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Welfare state retrenchment and its corollary, the encouragement of ‘active citizenship’, are widespread phenomena in Western countries today. While public and academic debates have focused on the practical consequences of changing rules and shrinking entitlements, there has been much less attention on how citizens experience these reforms and their accompanying rhetoric. We know even less about how welfare reform impacts upon people's emotions. Such a focus, however, is important because the reform of the welfare state is about more than changing rights and duties. Reforms tell citizens what they are worth, how they are valued and judged, and how they are supposed to feel about the new arrangements.

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Tyc, Aneta. "Workers’ rights and transatlantic trade relations: The TTIP and beyond." Economic and Labour Relations Review 28, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304617690971.

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In the context of the working-class backlash against free trade represented by Brexit, the recent surge of right-wing political parties in Europe and the 2016 US presidential election, it is timely to take stock of the threats to jobs and wages posed by recent negotiations over the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. The European Commission selectively relied on econometric analyses, predicting a positive impact of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Its proposed legal text on ‘Trade and sustainable development’ fell short of the European Parliament’s negotiating guidelines, which themselves failed to ensure protection of labour standards. The activities of corporate lobbies threatened the effective protection of workers’ rights. Major risks to workers’ rights are posed by discrepancies between US and European Union labour and social law and labour standards. The most recent legal text lacks compliance monitoring provisions and sanction mechanisms against member states failing to ratify core labour conventions. The investment court system does not resolve the problems of the discredited investor-state dispute settlement mechanism for which it is the proposed replacement. The year 2016 has provided a foretaste of the dislocation likely from trade and investment regulation that sees social and environmental standards and labour rights simply as barriers to corporate profits.

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Adams, Tony. "Employers, labour, and the state in industrial relations history: a reply to Gospel." Economic History Review 51, no. 3 (August 1998): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.00107.

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42

Fredman, Sandra, and Gillian Morris. "The State as Employer: Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the Public Sector." Management Research News 11, no. 1/2 (January 1988): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027967.

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Liew, Leong H. "What is to be Done? WTO, Globalisation and State-Labour Relations in China." Australian Journal of Politics and History 47, no. 1 (March 2001): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8497.00218.

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44

Sabin, Lora. "New Bosses in the Workers' State: The Growth of Non-State Sector Employment in China." China Quarterly 140 (December 1994): 944–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000052851.

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Although the state is still a major economic actor in China's cities, it is widely recognized that the rapid expansion of entities outside the state sphere has already fundamentally altered not just the urban economic landscape but also the forces driving the country's labour markets. The extent and consequences of this expansion are in need of much greater scrutiny, however. A number of analysts have made use of available information to clarify employment growth and changes in employment structure since the early years of the People's Republic and the early period of reform. Recent scholarship has also enhanced understanding of the design, implementation and impact of formal labour reforms, such as the labour contract system, and the nature of worker-management relations in a partially reformed environment. But because of the scarcity of data on the non-state economy, this research has tended to focus on the state-owned industrial sector.

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45

Molatlhegi, B. "Workers' freedom of association in Botswana." Journal of African Law 42, no. 1 (1998): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300010494.

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The year 1992 saw significant reforms to the Botswana labour law and industrial relations system. Before then, as was the case elsewhere in Africa, the Botswana government had adopted highly interventionist policies with respect to industrial relations. The changes introduced in 1992 were aimed at shifting labour relations to the market place. State intervention, though not completely eliminated, has been greatly reduced as a result. The changes in labour law and the industrial relations system have brought to the fore the debate about the nature, content and extent of workers' freedom of association in the country. The changes mean that more than ever before collective bargaining will play a significant role in the determination of wages, terms and conditions of employment.

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Gizatullina, Anna. "Gender Aspects Referring to Social Policy in Labour Relations in a Modern Society (Case Study of Mothers)." Logos et Praxis, no. 1 (December 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.1.12.

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The article focuses on two approaches to gender aspects of social policy in labour relations in a modern society (a case study of mothers). One of them deals with introducing gender into existing theories of social policy. The other is based on the assumption that fundamental theories are incomplete in their fundamental prerequisites and therefore new models of social policy regarding labour relations of mothers should be worded. The approaches are founded on the relationship implying "state – market – family" link. The article gives a brief description of the current social policy in Russia in regards to labour relations of mothers. It discloses general issues in management of labour relations of mothers including women's unemployment, occupational segregation, above regarding management of labour activity of mothers are integral parts of the general social problem of labour relations in modern conditions. Additionally, we highlight the relationship between mothers' working life and family obligations. The article analyzes the economic activity dynamics and women's employment rate in the period 2008–2017. The data gathered is based on age, gender, marital status, level of women's occupation in their main post. Finally, we identify some measures to be taken to improve the existing social policy in labour relations of mothers. These measures consist in the establishment of legally fixed "free time", the construction of a socially fair system of material benefits and privileges, the construction of a developed infrastructure in the form of various services.

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Moll-Murata, Christine. "Tributary Labour Relations in China During the Ming-Qing Transition (Seventeenth to Eighteenth Centuries)." International Review of Social History 61, S24 (December 2016): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000432.

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AbstractThis study analyses the shifts in labour relations due to state intervention, first during the conquest of the Ming empire between 1600 and 1644 by its Manchurian contenders, and thereafter until about 1780, as the Manchurian Qing dynasty established itself and drove the Chinese empire to its greatest expansion. The main focus lies on the socio-military formation of the Eight Banners, the institution that, for about 200 years, epitomized the domination of the Chinese empire by a small elite group of about two per cent of the population. These findings will be contextualized in the larger setting of labour relations of the early and mid-Qing, when state intervention occurred in the form of arbitration in labour conflicts, but also, in a much more aggressive manner, in the decimation of the Qing rulers’ Dzungharian rivals. In the framework of Charles Tilly’s paradigm of capital versus coercion, while both are present in the Chinese case, the capital-oriented path seems more distinct.

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Makekadyrova, A. S., and S. V. Kravtsevich. "Developing the Conceptual Model of Imperfect Competition Impact on Labour Reproduction and the System of Measures Aimed at its State Regulation." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-59-72.

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Social and labour relations on today’s home labour market are accompanied by adverse social and economic phenomena, such as poverty of working population, inequality in profit distribution, discrimination in remuneration, shadow forms of employment and pay, illegal and interregional migration, labour exploitation, staff deficit and excess, which results in imperfect nature of competition on home labour market. These adverse phenomena are caused, on the one hand, by imperfect indications of competitive behavior of labour market entities, which shows the imperfect type of social and labour relations where parties’ interests are deprived of mutually beneficial basis of their satisfaction and, on the other hand, by imperfect competitive conditions of labour market entities’ functioning, which is manifested in requirements to labour quality. The article studies the key aspects of imperfect competition on home labour market and shows dynamics of its principles statistics. By analyzing and summarizing the dynamics of competitive situations investigated in the regional aspect the authors gained a conceptual model of imperfect competition taking into account its behavioral and institutional aspects. The key social and economic aspects of imperfect competition impact on labour reproduction were researched. On the basis of the provided conclusions the authors put forward certain measures of state regulation of imperfect competition, which could increase workers’ competitiveness and therefore improve the quality of labour reproduction.

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Keller, Berndt. "The German Version of Deregulation - And Beyond." Articles 49, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050936ar.

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The article deals with various deregulatory efforts in relation to labour relations and labour markets in Germany. The analysis differentiates between flexibilisation as a strategy of employers and deregulation as a collection of actions taken by the state, which currently provide the political flanks for employers' efforts towards flexibility. The central measures of German deregulation are described and criticized in theoretical and empirical perspective. A controlled form of flexibility instead of a market driven, non-controlled flexibility is given preferential treatment. Proposals are made for defensive, compensatory steps towards re-regulation; offensive, formative forms of regulation are discussed.

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Трошина and Irina Troshina. "EMPLOYMENT POLICY AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY AIMED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18242.

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Employment and human potential development are key conditions for the firm economic development of the state and modernization of the society. Economic aspects of labour activity of each person are determined by the conditions of formation and social and labour potential and opportunities. The transformation of the labour market in the current context of globalization contributes to the emergence of various forms and employment types, which give rise to the development of new labor relations and requires the development of current approaches to promote employment, conditions of human potential development, evolution of social and labor relations.

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