Journal articles: 'State governments'

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Silverstein, Todd P. "State Functions vs State Governments." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p847.1.

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Leonard, Harold. "State Functions vs State Governments." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p847.2.

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Priya, Samant Shant, Sushil Kumar Dixit, Sajal Kabiraj, Meenu Shant Priya, and Ashirwad Kumar Singh. "What Indian working class is saying about the COVID-19 pandemic: concerns and reactions." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 7 (October 1, 2021): 1720–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i7.1460.

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This is an exploratory research highlighting the concerns and reactions of Indian working-class people towards the COVID-19. It was observed that most of the Indian working-class people were seriously concerned about the pandemic and responded well to the measures suggested by the Governments and other agencies in a big way. Most of the respondents believed the pandemic will be effectively controlled across the globe within one year. Word cloud and other data visualization techniques were used to analyze the reactions of the Indian working class towards the Central and State government’s initiatives to contain COVID-19. In the word cloud of the top 150 popular words for both central and state governments Lockdown, People and Government have taken the central stage. The word streaming analysis suggests the intense relationship among the most frequent words in the dataset. For the central government, it was social distancing and for state government, it was social distancing and relationship between central and state governments. The sentiment analysis for both central and state government was neutral, mostly. The researchers are of the view that the research will provide a deeper insight into human perception and behavior towards the measures initiated by the Central and State Governments in any similar difficult situations. Further the concerns identified may be taken into consideration by the Government while designing the policy measures and other interventions by the Government.

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Swanson, Jeffrey, and Charles Barrilleaux. "State Government Preemption of Local Government Decisions Through the State Courts." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 671–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418783273.

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What factors are associated with state government preemption of local government policies? This research asks whether state courts limit local authority in areas in which local preferences differ from the state’s, and whether this is conditioned by the level of autonomy the state grants the local government. Using a newly constructed data set of 404 local governments that had local ordinances challenged in state courts between the years 1996 and 2017, we find that local governments with citizen ideological preferences that differ from the state are less likely to have an ordinance preempted by the courts when the level of local autonomy given by the state is high. Thus, institutions like home rule provide local governments with certain legal protections from challenges to local authority.

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Hellström, Johan, and Daniel Walther. "How is Government Stability Affected by the State of the Economy? Payoff Structures, Government Type and Economic State." Government and Opposition 54, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 280–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.21.

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To what extent are incumbent governments affected by the state of the economy when it comes to premature dissolution? This article investigates this research question using a data set on parties and governments for 18 West European countries for the period 1945–2013. In addition to investigating the general effect of the state of the economy on government termination, we hypothesize that macroeconomic conditions affect cabinet termination in different ways depending on the type of government that is in power. Using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate how different government types are impacted by the same changes in the economy, our results indicate that economic changes do matter, but that they mainly affect coalition governments. Our results also indicate that there is a difference between minority and majority governments when it comes to the type of termination. Minority coalition governments resolve to early elections, not replacements, presumably because a minority government does not survive defection. Majority coalition governments, in contrast, show sensitivity towards both types of terminations.

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Elmelund-Præstekær, Christian, Michael Baggesen Klitgaard, and Gijs Schumacher. "What wins public support? Communicating or obfuscating welfare state retrenchment." European Political Science Review 7, no. 3 (November 24, 2014): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000253.

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Conventional wisdom holds that in order to evade electoral punishment governments obfuscate welfare state retrenchment. However, governments do not uniformly lose votes in elections after they cut back on welfare benefits or services. Recent evidence indicates that some of these unpopular reforms are in fact vote-winners for the government. Our study of eight Danish labor marked related reforms uses insights from experimental framing studies to evaluate the impact of welfare state retrenchment on government popularity. We hypothesize that communicating retrenchment is a better strategy than obfuscating retrenchment measures. In addition, we hypothesize that the opposition’s choice between arguing against the retrenchment measure, or staying silent on the issue, affects the government’s popularity. Thus, the study presents a novel theoretical model of the popularity effects of welfare state retrenchment. In order to evaluate our propositions, we move beyond the standard measure in the literature and use monthly opinion polls to reduce the number of other factors that might affect government popularity. We demonstrate that governments can evade popular punishment by communication. They can even gain popularity if the opposition chooses not to attack. On the other hand, government popularity declines if the government obfuscates – and the decline is even larger if the opposition chooses to attack.

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7

Dyke, Wade, and Irwin Feller. "Universities and State Governments." Public Administration Review 48, no. 1 (January 1988): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/975526.

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Arnoldi, Jakob, Anders Ryom Villadsen, Xin Chen, and Chaohong Na. "Multi-Level State Capitalism: Chinese State-Owned Buisness Groups." Management and Organization Review 15, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2018.36.

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ABSTRACTWe argue that vertical interlocks in Chinese state-owned business groups are important mechanisms for coordination and information exchange between the apex firm and affiliated firms, and that they are also mechanisms for government owners of the business groups to exercise control. By combining resource dependence theory with elements from transaction cost economics and agency theory, we propose that the need for interlocks increases the higher the level of government ownership. The central government is therefore more likely to use vertical interlocks than the provincial governments, which again are more likely to use vertical interlocks than the municipal governments. We develop three hypotheses based on these arguments. A regression analysis of a hand-collected data set finds strong support for our hypotheses. Our results shed light on coordination and governance issues within the state-owned sector in China and on an important means for mitigating these issues used by the government owners and firms affiliated with state-owned groups.

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Kosack, Stephen, Michele Coscia, Evann Smith, Kim Albrecht, Albert-László Barabási, and Ricardo Hausmann. "Functional structures of US state governments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 46 (October 29, 2018): 11748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803228115.

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Governments in modern societies undertake an array of complex functions that shape politics and economics, individual and group behavior, and the natural, social, and built environment. How are governments structured to execute these diverse responsibilities? How do those structures vary, and what explains the differences? To examine these longstanding questions, we develop a technique for mapping Internet “footprint” of government with network science methods. We use this approach to describe and analyze the diversity in functional scale and structure among the 50 US state governments reflected in the webpages and links they have created online: 32.5 million webpages and 110 million hyperlinks among 47,631 agencies. We first verify that this extensive online footprint systematically reflects known characteristics: 50 hierarchically organized networks of state agencies that scale with population and are specialized around easily identifiable functions in accordance with legal mandates. We also find that the footprint reflects extensive diversity among these state functional hierarchies. We hypothesize that this variation should reflect, among other factors, state income, economic structure, ideology, and location. We find that government structures are most strongly associated with state economic structures, with location and income playing more limited roles. Voters’ recent ideological preferences about the proper roles and extent of government are not significantly associated with the scale and structure of their state governments as reflected online. We conclude that the online footprint of governments offers a broad and comprehensive window on how they are structured that can help deepen understanding of those structures.

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Onyekwere, Cecil Chinedum, A. A. Alexander, Z. Saheed, Mike Duru, Alfa Yakubu, and Jude Ikubor. "IMPACT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF KADUNA STATE." Caleb International Journal of Development Studies 07, no. 01 (June 24, 2024): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cijds-2024-07-01-03.

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The economic development of local governments in Nigeria faces several challenges, including revenue allocation, lack of autonomy, and constant interference by the State Government. There is a widespread belief that Fiscal Decentralization (FD) is the remedy to these challenges, and this study used panel data from 2006 to 2021 to examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in the 23 local government areas of Kaduna state. Fiscal Decentralization between Kaduna state and each local government was measured using four indicators, namely, revenue indicator (RI), expenditure indicator (EI), autonomy indicator (AI) and capital indicator (CI). Except for the expenditure indicator, the study's findings indicate that all measures of fiscal decentralization are positively and significantly correlated with economic growth. Further findings revealed that a possible explanation for why the expenditure indicator is negatively related to economic growth is that Local Governments are often used as administrative spending units, where spending decisions reflect the state government’s policies regardless of the immediate needs of the local government area in question. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that Kaduna state government should promote true fiscal decentralization by assigning more fiscal responsibilities to Local governments in order to bring about faster economic growth in all regions of the state.

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11

Singh, Rajbir. "STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS IN INDIA." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v2i1.271.

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The Constitution of India established democratic governments at the Center, States, and Local Levels. The constitution provides relationship between the center, state local governments. The constitutional structure of Local Self-government in India is based upon the decentralisation pattern in India with reference to the 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments and devolution of powers to Rural and Urban local bodies, known as Panchayati Raj and Municipalities, as the lowest unit of governance in villages and towns. The Act gives constitutional status to rural and urban governments. States governments are mandated to devolve adequate powers, responsibilities, and finances for preparing plans and implement schemes to provide basic amenities in rural and urban areas.

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12

Markulynets, А. А. "E-state building: legal approaches." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 66 (November 29, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.66.10.

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Over the last decade, e-government has evolved tremendously from being a problem in itself to a cross-cutting transformational issue that supports governments' ability to deliver on promises. Defined differently by different actors, e-government usually refers to the use of information and communication technologies to change the relationship between citizens, businesses and different branches of government. This involves much more than just translating government services to digital platforms. Rather, e-government has become a form of interaction between government and non-governmental stakeholders. It is a process that requires a common government (or interagency) strategy, planning, resources, and political will. It is now important for governments to look at their achievements, identify and focus on the medium- and long-term issues that will emerge in the next decade. E-government basically uses information and information technologies and entails the development of e-services and the provision of quality information to citizens. It also seeks to increase transparency and accountability and create effective public institutions. This development has led to an increase in the amount of information that government agencies need to collect, send and pluralize. European governments are encouraged to invest in the development of e-government and provide citizens with access to their information flows. Europe has adopted the Public Sector Information Directive because it is seen as a resource that can stimulate innovation and national development. Governments around the world are enacting freedom of information laws to facilitate access to government information. However, it will also require a robust information management structure that includes archiving and recording information, common specifications to facilitate the exchange of information between government agencies, business process analysis to identify important information, and management of the entire information contingent. This study is aimed at revealing legal approaches to e-government, the concept of e-government in Ukraine and the world, tools for the introduction of the digital state, as well as the prospects and transition of the state apparatus in real time.

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Smith, Graeme. "The Hollow State: Rural Governance in China." China Quarterly 203 (September 2010): 601–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741010000615.

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AbstractOver the last decade, rural township governments have been subjected to intensive streamlining and rationalization programmes. This article examines which ongoing reforms and processes are causing township governments to become “hollow shells,” and explores the effects of “hollowing out” on township government leaders, staff and rural residents. While the aim of local government reform was to transform extractive township governments into “service-oriented” agencies, this article finds that the current logic of rural governance has produced township governments which are squeezed from above and below. From above, township leaders face the political imperatives of inspections, annual assessments, the need to attract industrial investment and an ongoing process of “soft centralization” by higher levels of government. From below, township staff are drawn out to the villages to enforce family planning policies and maintain social stability. Unprecedented numbers are working as “sent-down cadres” in villages where their capacity to deliver services has been weakened by village amalgamations and the lifting of agricultural taxes and fees. Despite significant boosts to rural health and education investment, rural residents still face a level of government that regards them as problems to be dealt with, rather than citizens to be served.

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HAMMAYO, Aminu, Isah SHITTU, and Aliyu A. ABDULLAHI. "Impact of State Government Revenues on Infrastructural Development in Bauchi State Nigeria." Nile Journal of Business and Economics 6, no. 16 (December 30, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v6i16.04.

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The study examines the impact made by the efforts of Bauchi State Government in the development of infrastructure represented by the level of capital expenditure incurred through the utilization of the state’s revenues. Secondary data was obtained from the government’s Annual Financial Statements for the period 2006 to 2018. Ordinary Least Square regression was employed as the technique of analysis. The findings of the study revealed that share of allocation received from the federation account as well as debt both had a positive and significant influence in the provision of infrastructure while internally generated revenue, showed a negative and significant relationship. Other receipts comprising of contributions from Local Governments for the execution of joint projects as well as local and foreign grants and assistance received indicated a positive but insignificant relationship. The study recommends that policy makers should ensure a reasonable allocation of federation account revenues towards capital projects implementation. Efforts at the mobilization of internally generated revenue and grants should be intensified with funds realized used along with funding drawn from the Local Governments as well as proceeds of debts raised towards the provision of the infrastructural needs of the state.

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15

McLean, Janet. "Government to State: Globalization, Regulation, and Governments as Legal Persons." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10, no. 1 (2003): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gls.2003.0010.

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McLean. "Government to State: Globalization, Regulation, and Governments as Legal Persons." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10, no. 1 (2003): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/gls.2003.10.1.173.

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Ikeanyibe, Okechukwu Marcellus, Patrick Chiemeka Chukwu, and Jide Ibietan. "Modelo e determinantes das relações entre governos estaduais e locais na Nigéria." Revista de Administração Pública 53, no. 6 (December 2019): 1040–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180068.

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Abstract Nigeria struggles to establish and sustain cooperative, interdependent state-local intergovernmental relations (IGR) by providing for the powers and rights of local governments in the federal constitution. Despite the provisions, the practice of state-local IGR has remained inclusive, hierarchical, dependent and competitive. This paper investigates the extent to which constitutional provisions determine state-local relations as against the macrostructure of intergovernmental relations between the federal government and states. The authors argue that it is difficult to expect a cooperative, interdependent, state-local IGR through constitutional provisions of the powers and rights of local governments, if the federal-state relations, which should be the determining framework of IGR is inclusive, hierarchical and dependent. The paper suggests that the lower forms of IGR in a federation (e.g. the state-local IGR), largely depend on the super-structure, which is that between the federal government and the lower tiers. The implication is that the level of autonomy enjoyed by local governments largely depends on the level of autonomy the states themselves enjoy.

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18

Brown, R. Steven, and Karen Marshall. "Ecosystem Management in State Governments." Ecological Applications 6, no. 3 (August 1996): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2269471.

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19

Sarker, Subhash Chandra. "How State Governments are Run." Indian Journal of Public Administration 34, no. 2 (April 1988): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119880229.

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20

Kroncke, Charles O., and James E. Long. "Pay comparability in state governments." Journal of Labor Research 19, no. 2 (June 1998): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12122-998-1020-4.

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Gamage, David, Darien Shanske, Gladriel Shobe, and Adam Thimmesch. "Weathering State and Local Budget Storms: Fiscal Federalism with an Uncooperative Congress." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 55.2 (2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.55.2.weathering.

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Throughout most of 2020, state and local governments faced severe budget crises as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased demand for state welfare services and rising state expenses related to controlling the spread of COVID-19 stretched state and local budgets to their breaking points. At the same time, layoffs, business closures, and social distancing measures reduced states’ primary sources of tax revenues. The traditional practice of American fiscal federalism is for the federal government to step in to provide aid during a national emergency of this magnitude, because state and local governments lack the federal government’s monetary and fiscal powers. But during the 2020 national emergency, the majority coalition in control of Congress was skeptical of this traditional practice, leaving federal aid limited and insufficient. Late in the day, and after a change of Presidents and in partisan control of the Senate, the federal government did eventually step in to provide substantial aid to state and local governments at the beginning of 2021. But, during 2020, it was not at all clear that this would occur. Regardless, due to heightened partisan polarization and related factors, it seems highly likely that future national emergencies will occur during times in which the federal government is again controlled by a majority coalition skeptical of the federal government’s traditional role of providing aid to state and local governments during downturns. This Article thus proposes a series of innovative state tax reform measures and other related reform proposals for modernizing states’ outdated tax bases and crisisproofing American institutions of fiscal federalism. These proposals were initially designed as reforms to mitigate the harmful state and local budget consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. But a central role of legal scholarship should be to develop law reform solutions for legislatures and for other policymakers to prepare for future emergencies when those solutions may be urgently needed. To that end, this Article elaborates on and memorializes proposals initially developed for the 2020 crises, so that these proposals might be further developed to be ready as potential responses for future crises in which the federal government might once again prove unwilling to act sufficiently.

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Agus, Mirza, Budi Setiyono, and Tri Yuniningsih. "Additional General Allocation Fund (DAU) Policy: The Failure of the Local Government to Provide an Urban Village Budget Allocation in Indonesia." International Journal of Sustainable Development & Future Society 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62157/ijsdfs.v1i1.4.

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Initially, an additional DAU policy was issued in 2018, namely through Law Number 12 of 2018, concerning the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget for the 2019 Fiscal Year. This policy was designed to provide additional funds to urban villages. District budget allocations are the responsibility of local governments (PEMDA) according to the mandate of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government. This study analyzes the failure of the local government to allocate Urban village funds through the General Allocation Fund (DAU) policy. DAU is a fund earmarked for equal distribution of abilities in inter-regional finance to fund regional needs in implementing decentralized government. The additional DAU policy is essential to anticipate due to the local government's failures in allocating these funds. This study aims to analyze the central government's Urban Village Fund policy through the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN). It reflects the failure of the local government to allocate a budget to urban villages from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN). Besides that, it reflects local governments' inability to allocate budgets to urban villages.

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Qu, Shuyi, and Jinqiang Wang. "Sub-state Actors in International Organizations: Analysis of Local Government Involvement and Influence." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 22, no. 01 (February 1, 2024): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/22.1.175-195(2024).

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In order to analyze the influence of sub-national actors on international organizations, this paper uses a questionnaire to survey the level of participation and influence of local governments. As sub-state actors, local governments have their responsibilities and obligations to influence state behaviour in a variety of ways. Local governments need to do the following: the influence and status of sub-state actors on international organizations, whether local governments are sub-state actors and their influence on state behavior, and the uncertain influence of local governments and states on international organizations. The results show that local actors play a secondary role in influencing international organizations, and that local governments are one of the local actors and have a supervisory and binding role on state behavior. The impact of local government and national uncertainty on international organizations is largely based on the outcome of local government involvement. Therefore, it is the state actors who are able to fulfil the responsibilities of international organizations and are participants in the relevant work of international organizations, in which the influence of local government participation on international organizations is more significant.

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Fiseha, Assefa. "Local Level Decentralization in Ethiopia: Case Study of Tigray Regional State." Law and Development Review 13, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0006.

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AbstractBased on the literature on decentralization, this article investigates the institutional arrangement and autonomy of local governments in Tigray Regional state. It is based on two rounds of field work covering nine districts. At a formal level, local governments are autonomous units with some defined mandates including power to decide on policy issues. In reality however, local governments in the study area act more as deconcentrated than as autonomous units since their autonomy is curtailed by higher level governments and party structures. Local governments are thus extension arms of the regional state with little autonomy of their own. Institutions such as elected councils, mayors and the executive exist at the local level but there is more vertical than horizontal accountability. As a result, local Councils have not been able to ensure accountability. Thus decentralization has not resulted in popular control of local governance and local-level development as interests of the party and the local political elite prevail over popular interests. The article calls for rethinking the design of local government that would constitute a local government deal that shifts decision-making away from higher level institutions to the local level, constituting multi-stake holders having control over the affairs of local government.

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Mahmuzar, Mahmuzar. "“PEMBANGKANGAN” KEPALA DAERAH KEPADA MENTERI DI INDONESIA PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH." Jurnal EL-RIYASAH 13, no. 2 (December 24, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jel.v13i2.19913.

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The relationship between the local and central governments in the era of regional autonomy should be harmonious because the local government is a subsystem of the national government's that final responsibility lies with the President. In addition, one of the objectives of regional autonomy is to create harmonious relations between the central and local governments. But in fact, there are several regional heads in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which carried out "defiance" to state minister. The regional head who conducts "insubordination" to the state minister in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, cannot be dismissed from his position as regional head because Act Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government does not explicitly regulate it as one the reasons regional heads can dismiss from his position, except that disobedience is carried out by the regional head in order not to carry out a national strategic program launched by the central government through non-departmental ministries/agencies.

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Oluwaleye, Janet Monisola. "State Interference and Service Delivery in Nigeria’s Local Government Administration: The Case of Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, 2011 – 2021." Global Journal of Political Science and Administration 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol11n22841.

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The establishment of local governments in Nigeria was motivated by the need for administrative convenience and development. The peculiarities of the grassroots government, according to efficiency service theorists, would engender national development. The purposes of the study, using mixed methods, were to investigate the challenge of state interference and the implications on service delivery in Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria between 2011 – 2021. Primary data involved the use of online questionnaire and observation. The total of 103 respondents responded to the online questionnaires used for the analysis. Sources of secondary data include textbooks, reputable journals, and the internet. Primary data was analyzed statistically using frequencies, percentages and pie chart while content analysis was used for secondary data. The study discovers that state governments have been shortchanging local governments in Nigeria through their interference. The paper recommends political and financial autonomy for the local government to enhance sustainable development.

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Muhammad Koko, Nuruddeen, Azmil Mohd Tayeb, and Siti Zuliha Razali. "Local Government System in Nigeria: Legal, Fiscal and Political Overview." EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 24, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol8.2.3.2022.

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Since the return to civil rule in 1999, there has been sustained agitation for granting local governments autonomy as a prescription for them to deliver efficiently and effectively their assigned responsibilities. Thus, the article examines the local government system in Nigeria from both legal, fiscal, and political viewpoints. It focuses on how the context affects their structure, financial management, capacity, and performance. A combined reading of the provisions of the 1999 constitution, judicial and extra-judicial pronouncements will be revealed that everything relating to supervision, monitoring, and control of local governments in Nigeria is the prerogative of the state governments. The constitution charges the state governments to ensure their existence under a law, specifying their functions, structure, finances, and composition. Through qualitative study, drawing from the literature on the local government system in Nigeria and in-depth interviews with government officials and experts, the paper established that the extent to which state governments are administering and performing oversight activities over their local governments has significantly limited local governments in several ways. This explains the incessant agitation for granting local governments autonomy. Therefore, the paper recommends far-reaching reforms that will instil a viable local government system capable of harnessing local resources towards effective and efficient service delivery. However, it cautioned the efficacy of granting local governments autonomy as canvassed by several stakeholders, given how intertwined the assigned responsibilities of both state and local governments are.

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Sandoval-Almazan, Rodrigo, David Valle-Cruz, and Andrea L. Kavanaugh. "The Diffusion of Social Media Among State Governments in Mexico." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2018010104.

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Most of the research about how state governments use social media focuses on services, comparative perspectives or assessment of e-governments. The authors' focus is on the adoption of social media by state governments in Mexico. Many state governments may be slow to adopt social media due to a lack guidance on where their efforts may lead. The purpose of this research is to provide some insight into the factors affecting adoption of social media by state governments in Mexico. Guided by diffusion of innovation theory, the authors analyzed data from Twitter and Facebook accounts of all 32 Mexican state governments from 2010 to 2015. According to diffusion theory, the results find that only one state government in the sample is classified as an innovator, four state governments are early adopters, eleven are early majority, eleven are late majority, and five are laggards. The use of social media by state governments in Mexico is in its infancy, and there is a significant difference in the use of social media among the different states.

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Shi, Yu, Rebecca Hendrick, and HyungGun Park. "Fiscal Decentralization and Capacity to Service Debt: Are They Tightly Linked?" Public Finance and Management 18, no. 2 (June 2018): 192–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211801800203.

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This research examines the link between fiscal decentralization and government capacity to service debt, while controlling for fiscal, institutional, economic, and ideological factors that are associated with capacity to service debt held or issued by local governments alone, by state governments alone, and by state and local government combined at the state level. Using panel data from all 50 states in the U.S. from 1962 to 2012, we find a link between fiscal decentralization and capacity to service long-term debt outstanding held by local governments alone and by state and local governments combined. That is, fiscal decentralization is positively associated with state and local government capacity to service debt outstanding. Nevertheless, we do not find that fiscal decentralization has any relationship with government capacity to service debt issuance. Statistical results show that capacity to service debt issuance is primarily affected by capital expenditure and alternative capital financing resources such as special assessment.

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Kim, Yunji. "Limits of fiscal federalism: How narratives of local government inefficiency facilitate scalar dumping in New York State." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 636–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18796511.

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US local governments are responsible for a variety of services, based on the assumptions of fiscal federalism that local governments can deliver residents the services they want at the lowest cost. However, an austerity narrative that calls for shrinking public budgets emerged after the 2008 global financial crisis and higher levels of government are dumping fiscal stress down to the local level in a process of “scalar dumping.” How do local governments respond to these austerity pressures and why do we see weak pushback from local governments? Focus groups with local government officials across New York State show local responses are constrained by the combination of a state-level limit on local property taxes and a narrative of local government inefficiency. Although local governments have the legal authority to raise revenues, they are reluctant to use this authority due to political pressure from the state and voters. These pressures encourage local governments to maintain services without adequate revenues. Pushback is weak as local governments lack institutional power in a state-based federal system and the heterogeneity among local governments makes collective action difficult. Fiscal federalism promises efficiency and effectiveness in a decentralized governance system, but has limited ability to counter “scalar dumping” that erodes fiscal sustainability. More balance of power in state–local relationships and a narrative that better connects local taxes and services are necessary.

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Laliberté, André. "Buddhist Revival under State Watch." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 40, no. 2 (June 2011): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000205.

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The Chinese Communist Party has shown tolerance, if not direct support, for the growth of Buddhism over the last few decades. Three explanations for this lenient attitude are explored in this article. The flourishing of Buddhism is encouraged by the state less for its propaganda value in foreign affairs than for its potential to lure tourists who will, in turn, represent a source of revenue for local governments. Buddhist institutions are also establishing their track record in the management of philanthropic activities in impoverished area where local governments lack the resources to offer specific social services. Finally, the development of such activities has contributed to enhance cooperation between China and Taiwan, whose governments have a vested interest in the improvement of relations across the Strait. The article concludes that the growth of Buddhism in China results from the initiatives of Buddhists themselves, and the government supports this growth because it serves local politics well.

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Findi, Hakar A. "New Theories of Federalism System, Indian Republic Model." Polytechnic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptjhss.v2n2y2021.pp23-30.

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Co-operative federalism is a model of intergovernmental relations that recognizes the overlapping functions of the national and state governments. This model can be contrasted with the model of dual federalism, which maintains that the national and state governments have distinct and separate government functions. In general, co-operative federalism asserts that governmental power is not concentrated at any governmental level or in any agency. Instead, the national and state governments share power. For instance, bureaucratic agencies at the national and state level normally carry out governmental programs jointly. Because the governments’ responsibilities are split between many levels of government, citizens and organized interests have many access points to influence public policy.

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Neves, Fabrício, and Polyana Silva. "E-government in local governments’ websites." Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 20 (July 30, 2021): e3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202131602.

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The literature perceives governments’ websites as an effective tool for increasing information delivery, user interaction, and the government services’ supply, being the most visible aspects of citizens concerning public management. However, the interaction of citizens with governments is still unclear. The practical implications of conducting e-government, capable of expanding this relationship, are still invisible. This study aims to provide an understanding of how governments’ websites are used as an e-government tool in local governments, highlighting how e-government concepts have been empirically employed. The study takes a qualitative approach, examining five municipalities in a microregion in the Brazilian state of Bahia. We gathered the data using a triangulation process that included semi-structured interviews, analysis of the websites, and opinion questionnaires to the citizens. Our research shows that governments lack compelling actions and coordinated internal procedures, resulting in a gap between practice and digital governance policies, resulting in low citizens' participation, and unfamiliarity with government communication channels. The study contributes to the e-government literature by offering further insight into how people and organizations influence technology use, providing elements that can guide motivated public managers to increase relationships and communication with society. We highlight the need to investigate the phenomenon of digital transformation in governments at the organizational level.

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Shen, Mingrui, and Jianfa Shen. "Governing the countryside through state-led programmes: A case study of Jiangning District in Nanjing, China." Urban Studies 55, no. 7 (July 25, 2017): 1439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017716857.

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Over the last decade, a large part of the Chinese countryside has experienced a ‘hollowing out’ process in economy and state administration, as rapid urbanisation and development have concentrated in urban areas. To deal with this challenge, the Chinese government has launched rural programmes, resulting in significant transformation in the countryside. Applying the state rescaling theory as an analytical lens, this paper argues that these state-led rural programmes have strengthened the state role in governing the countryside significantly based on the case study of Jiangning. These programmes are not fixed yet developed and expanded through the interaction of multi-level governments. While local governments follow the discourse of the higher-level governments in this process, they also restructure the state apparatus for programme implementation. Local governments have some autonomy by echoing and responding to the initiative of the higher-level governments actively. Thus the programme evolution is not simply a top-down process as it encompasses interesting dynamics of state rescaling. Generally speaking, the state plays an important role in moving toward ‘good governance’ in rural China at the initial stage. The state-led rural programmes enable the state to regain its leading role in the countryside and restore the rural public administation to some extent. There is still a long way to go for the civil society to achieve self-governance in the countryside.

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Muhammad Koko, Nuruddeen Muhammad, Azmil Mohd Tayeb, and Siti Zuliha Razali. "Restructuring State - Local Relations in Nigeria: Issues and Perspectives." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.908.

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Federations thrived where levels of government exist and function based on shared rule and self-rule concurrently. Thus, a key defining feature of federalism is the assignment of responsibilities between component units such that each unit is assigned specific responsibilities within its jurisdiction. However, in Nigeria, the disproportionate distribution of responsibilities and resources amongst the component units had resulted in a dysfunctional federation. By virtue of the provision of section 7 of 1999 Constitution, Supreme Court's judgements and extra-judicial pronouncements, local governments are under the "supervisory control" of the State Governments (SGs). However, the extent to which this supervisory control is exercised has been at the front burner of every discourse on Nigerian politics and particular governance challenges. While examining state-local governments relations from both legal and operational viewpoints, this paper illustrates how the SGs wore away the intent of the framers of the Constitution, which is to institute a system of local government that is properly organised, monitored supervised by the SGs. A qualitative research approach was used. Data was collected via official documents, relevant literature, and interviews from officials of the SGs and local governments and experts selected purposively and conveniently. The paper established that local governments are failing simply because the SGs have failed to perform their responsibilities per the spirit of the Constitution and other extant laws. The article finally advocates for an efficient and effective local government system premise on the federal decentralise system. In doing that, it is important to stress that the existing legal aspect does require slight adjustment especially granting the Houses of Assembly of State and state judiciary reasonable autonomy to checkmate the excesses of the SGs. Moreover, accomplishing this will significantly restructure and improve the operational aspect of the relationship for a virile local government system.

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Pali, Lalita, and Geeta Pal. "Impact of GST in Indian Market-A Literature." International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT) 1, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46828/ijrisat.v1i1.19.

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Indian market, new tax reformed scheme was introduced to generate government’s revenue equally between the state and center. This scheme was introduced by the center government because of the conflicts made by state governments between the state and center tax were implemented by the state governments which varies one state to another state of the country. Earlier policy was like a tax upon tax implemented on the goods and services and it was again between producer and consumers, which we call it as one type of monopoly, broken by the center government. But due to this Goods and Service Tax introducing in Indian markets reflects on the small scale and medium scale manufacturing units. So this paper focused on to my notion, this GST implementation policy is like a ‘‘Wet and Draught’’ unemployed, which were dependant on those bussinessman facing problems and due to that they shutdown/reduced their industrial work. Such relevant affects was shown only after GST introduced. Generally, it was slogan as “One Nation, One Tax and One Market” and finally termed as GST.

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Fry, Earl H. "The Role of u.s. State Governments in International Relations, 1980–2015." International Negotiation 22, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 205–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22021109.

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In an effort to protect and enhance the interests of their constituents in a complex era of globalization, interdependence, and “creative destruction,” mostu.s.state governments have chosen to be engaged internationally, especially in economic activities, such as export promotion and the attraction of direct investment, tourists, and students from abroad. However, these activities have often been sporadic and are subject to being downsized or eliminated during tough fiscal periods, such as the Great Recession of 2007–2009. Moreover,u.s.federalism has been in a period of centralization with more power assumed by the national government at the expense of state governments. The executive branches of the national and state governments occasionally clash over international competencies, with the national government almost always prevailing. Nonetheless, most state governments continue to be actively engaged in “foreign affairs,” as contrasted with “foreign policy,” and future trends should result in the proliferation of these pursuits.

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Farris, Michael. "Esperanto and the Market State." Język. Komunikacja. Informacja, no. 12 (March 28, 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jki.2017.12.8.

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The nation state is a form of government that merges a dominant ethnic or culture group with a political entity on a shared territory. It dates from the 17th and 18th centuries and it was the dominant state form in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this model, government legitimacy stems from providing services (such as education, infrastructure and social programs) to the citizenry. Esperanto is a product of the nation state period and much of the symbolism and structure of the Esperanto movement is tied to nation state ideas. At present however, according to many social and political analysts, this form of state organization is now in decline and a new state form, often referred to as the market state, is emerging. In the market state the relationship between citizens and governments, as well as governments with each other, undergo profound, far reaching changes. This article examines opportunities and obstacles that this new state form poses for the Esperanto movement.

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Blair, Robert F., and Anthony M. Starke. "The Emergence of Local Government Policy Leadership." State and Local Government Review 49, no. 4 (December 2017): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x17754237.

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State and local governments traditionally exerted leadership in policy areas that directly affected their communities and citizens. The leadership of cities, however, has expanded into a number of policy areas where the states and the national government have reduced their policy footprint. This article summarizes research on local policy leadership, examines it within the context of historical state–local intergovernmental relations, and reviews three expanding policy areas. As creatures of state government, localities are subject to legislative restrictions; however, recent research reveals a significant upsurge of state governments preempting policy actions of local governments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the flame of local government policy leadership burns brightly now, but forces appear to be gathering that may cause it to flicker.

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ARMIJO, LESLIE ELLIOTT, and PREM SHANKAR JHA. "Center-state relations in India and Brazil: Privatization of electricity and banking." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 17, no. 3 (September 1997): 444–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571997-0921.

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ABSTRACT This article asks: “When and why do state governments oppose (or support) privatization programs initiated by the central government?” We examined national privatization initiatives in the 1990s in India and Brazil in the areas of electricity and banking and the different responses from state governments in each of the largest financial and industrial centers in their countries, the states of Maharastra and São Paulo. Possible explanations for states’ opposition to federal government initiatives such as Enron and Banespa include: (1) ideological commitments by state leaders, (2) political or political coalition differences between state and federal governments, and (3) an uneven distribution of costs and benefits from privatization between the state and federal governments. This article suggests that explanation (3), conflict of interest, is the best explanation, although the nature of political alliances (2) and political values may have an influence. This article concludes that seemingly irreconcilable political spheres can often be improved and some distribution of benefits can make the package more attractive to state leaders.

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Cornachione Kula, Maria. "Are US state and local governments consumption smoothers?" Journal of Economic Studies 41, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-12-2012-0171.

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Purpose – This paper aims to reconcile conflicting findings in the literature regarding the extent of consumption smoothing of sub-federal governments. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a panel of US state and local government data from 1973 to 2000 to find the extent of consumption smoothing among US state and local governments. Findings – It is found that about 30 percent of spending is determined by permanent resources. Additionally, states with more stringent balanced budget rules are found to smooth more than states with the least stringent balanced budget rules, which do not smooth at all. There is some evidence that liquidity constraints may cause the non-optimal behavior of the states with the least restrictive requirements as they have higher average net debt per capita and face higher risk premia than those with the most stringent rules. Research limitations/implications – Results differ from research using aggregate US data, where it is found that essentially all changes in state and local government spending are due to changes in current resources. The conflict is attributed to panel vs aggregate data use. Other research finds greater smoothing in Norway, where about 65 percent of local government spending is determined by permanent resources, and Sweden, with at least 90 percent of spending changes due to changes in permanent resources. This conflict may be due to institutional differences. Further research is needed in this area. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the literature on consumption smoothing by considering a panel of US state and local governments.

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Ross, Cynthia S., and Robert E. England. "State Governments' Sexual Harassment Policy Initiatives." Public Administration Review 47, no. 3 (May 1987): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/975905.

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Kim, Younhee. "Improving Performance in U.S. State Governments." Public Performance & Management Review 34, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pmr1530-9576340106.

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Alvarez Gonzàlez, Freddy Javier. "Community Governments within the State/Nation." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 2 (October 2013): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2013-002005.

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Dhameja, Nand. "State Governments Finances: Public Services Finances." Indian Journal of Public Administration 50, no. 3 (July 2004): 619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120040310.

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Chackerian, R. "Reorganization of State Governments: 1900-1985." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024301.

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Greene, Thomas G., and John F. Heflin. "State Governments and Multicultural Education Policy." Equity & Excellence in Education 25, no. 2-4 (January 1991): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1066568910250223.

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Wilson, C. Nick. "Patients' Rights: Federal vs State Governments." Hospital Pharmacy 36, no. 6 (June 2001): 598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870103600604.

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Kline, James J. "State governments' growing gains from TQM." National Productivity Review 12, no. 2 (1993): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/npr.4040120211.

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Sharma, Chanchal Kumar, Sandra Destradi, and Johannes Plagemann. "Partisan Federalism and Subnational Governments’ International Engagements: Insights from India." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, no. 4 (2020): 566–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaa017.

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Abstract This article situates the international activities of subnational governments in India within the broader political economy of federalism. It argues that the nature and the extent of subnational states’ engagements in international affairs are a function of the partisan political relationship the state incumbents have with the national incumbents. The article takes a mixed methods approach. An analysis of 1,153 episodes of international engagements of India’s states from 1996 to 2017 reveals that shifts in foreign policy engagement of selected state governments primarily reflect alterations in the subnational incumbents’ political affiliation with the Union government. Several qualitative case studies shed light on how the central government’s inclusion of subnational governments’ perspectives and representatives in foreign affairs is highly partisan and profoundly political. Therefore, the Indian case reveals how subnational diplomatic interactions merge domestic and international politics.

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Journal articles on the topic 'State governments'

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