Academic literature on the topic 'State governments India History'
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Journal articles on the topic "State governments India History"
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Gupta, Dhruv. "Policies for resolving insurgencies – lessons from third-party intervention in India." Indian Growth and Development Review 12, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-04-2017-0033.
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Purpose In this paper, the author develops a game theoretical model to understand why Union Government of India, as a third party, has used different schemes at different times in history to assist the State Governments in fighting the Naxalite insurgency. Comparing across schemes, it was found that though Matching Security Grants scheme was preferred in general, during asymmetric information scenario it led to an emergency situation wherein the Union Government had to provide the less preferred Bulk Security Grants. Later, it became difficult to withdraw these grants as the State Governments free rode by reducing own security contribution. The author finds that instead, in this scenario, Matching Development Grants are more suitable, as they incentivize the State Governments to reveal private information and help the Union Government exit its third-party role. For a practitioner involved in conflict resolution, these conclusions imply that as the desirability of policies can change diametrically overtime, Union Government must spend resources only on those heads of expenditure that provide both security and development benefits provided they aid in preventing flow of resources to Naxalites. Further, to end its assistance, the Union Government’s expenditures should also complement the capabilities of the State Government rather than substituting them. These results can also guide policy in other protracted civil wars with substantial third-party intervention, which are common these days. Design/methodology/approach The paper is an historical analysis of strategies used by Union and State Governments and Naxalites. The analysis is based on game theoretic tools supported with examples. Findings The Union Government must provide matching grants instead of bulk grants such as Central Armed Police Forces, and the grants should be aimed at building complementarities with the state governments’ security contributions. Under asymmetric information scenario, the Union and State Governments reduce their expenses incurred to fight the Naxalites. A Matching Development Grants scheme would have done better. Union Government must spend resources on heads of expenditure that provides both Development and Security benefits, to curb flow of resources to Naxalites, besides complementing the Security Contributions of the State Government. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by disaggregated data to test the hypotheses. It is also limited by the data on hidden variables like the contribution of the Naxalites to fighting. The research is also limited to the extent that individual groups in the war like police commanders, politicians and Naxalite commanders are not incorporated. Multiple asymmetric parties are also not considered; that may generalize the model to other theaters of insurgency. Practical implications Certain heads of expenditure such as roads, mobile communication, improving quality of investigation, preventing human rights violations by the security forces, etc. are both security and development enhancing. The Union Government's expenditures must be directed toward this end. Therefore, from a practitioner's perspective, the debate between greed and grievances exists not as a limitation but as a guide. The relevant articles of Constitution of India must be redrafted on these principles. Third-party interventions in other insurgencies may be revisited under these conclusions. Social implications Security and Development policies are tools for controlling Naxalite insurgency, which can also be used to prevent flow of resources to Naxalites. Security and development policies to resolving insurgencies are useful at different information scenarios. Therefore, information neutral policies should be preferred. Originality/value This paper has contributed theoretically in modeling continuing conflicts like Naxalite insurgency, explicitly. The author also shows that though the field of civil wars may have evolved along the Greed vs Grievance debate (Collier and Hoeffler, 2004), for a practitioner, the lines blur when it comes to solutions, as many heads of expenditures have features of both security and development. This paper also shows that when the Union Government faced asymmetric information scenario, the policy of matching development grants would be beneficial in long run though of limited value in short run. This is an important conclusion as the most intense period of violence was preceded by the asymmetric information scenario. Besides, it has relevance for the other civil wars with third-party intervention, such as NATO in Afghanistan.
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Hinchy, Jessica. "Conjugality, Colonialism and the ‘Criminal Tribes’ in North India." Studies in History 36, no. 1 (February 2020): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643019900103.
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The Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) of 1871 was a project to geographically redistribute and immobilize criminalized populations on the basis of family units. Family ties were a key site of contestation between criminalized people and the colonial state, as well as cooperation, or at least, situationally coinciding interests. This article’s focus on the family goes against the grain of existing literature, which has primarily debated the historical causes of the CTA and the colonial construction of the ‘criminal tribe’. This article explores a particular type of family tie—marriage—to provide a new vantage point on the minutiae of everyday life under the CTA, while also shedding light on the history of conjugality in modern South Asia. In 1891, the colonial government in north India launched a matchmaking campaign in which district Magistrates became marriage brokers. Colonial governments showed an uneven concern with marriage practices, which varied between criminalized communities and over time. In the case of ‘nomadic’ criminalized groups, colonial governments were more concerned with conjugality, since they attempted more significant transformations in the relationships between individuals, families, social groupings and space. Moreover, criminalized peoples’ strategies and demands propelled colonial involvement into marital matters. Yet the colonial government could not sustain a highly interventionist management of intimate relationships.
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Amrith, Sunil S. "Food and Welfare in India, c. 1900–1950." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, no. 4 (September 23, 2008): 1010–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750800042x.
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In 2001, the People's Union for Civil Liberties submitted a writ petition to the Supreme Court of India on the “right to food.” The petitioner was a voluntary human rights organization; the initial respondents were the Government of India, the Food Corporation of India, and six state governments. The petition opens with three pointed questions posed to the court:A.Does the right to life mean that people who are starving and who are too poor to buy food grains ought to be given food grains free of cost by the State from the surplus stock lying with the State, particularly when it is reported that a large part of it is lying unused and rotting?B.Does not the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India include the right to food?C.Does not the right to food, which has been upheld by the Honourable Court, imply that the state has a duty to provide food especially in situations of drought, to people who are drought affected and are not in a position to purchase food?
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عباس فضلي, أ. م. د. نادية فاضل. "Community composition of India and its impact on national unity." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 52 (March 13, 2019): 149–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i52.69.
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India is today the largest democratic state in the Third World and has been able to maintain its national unity in the near future. The history of Indian civilization is more than 5,000 years old. It has achieved its heritage, culture, philosophy, traditions, national unity and unity and has taken its place among nations seeking progress and progress. Which are still visible to the present day, because of their history of civilization and achievements, and the fusion of cultures of invading peoples over the centuries with the culture of diverse Indian society, but despite being a secular state, Has put into place through its governments various forms of exclusion and marginalization towards the people of India, especially Muslims, and this has affected the performance of the State and credibility since independence in 1947 and to this day, but this does not mean that it is a country that does not have the elements of national unity and practices of democratic action so far at least, Democratic, in terms of elections and voting in the Indian states is still in place, but the social, religious and class divisions overlap to produce conflicts that surfaced from time to time, threatening to be dismantled if political leaders do not come to improve the measure So that the extent of conflicts in India to the extent of the outbreak of war in various denominations sectarian, religious, social and economic.
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Kumar Ojha, Narendra. "INCREASING STEPS OF MUSIC IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1SE (January 31, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1se.2015.3476.
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India's civilization and culture is historical. There is no music knowledge in India today, it is very old.Even today many high-ranking artists have made their place in history such as Bhaskar Buwa, Mian Jan, Abdul Karim Khan, Fayaz Kha, Hyder Kha, Wazir Kha, Hafeez Kha, Omkarnath Thakur etc. The central and state governments have contributed significantly to the development of Indian art, with the central government giving scholarships to eligible students. Students are thus encouraged.
भारत की सभ्यता और संस्कृति ऐतिहासिक है। भारत में संगीत विषयक ज्ञान कोई आज का नहीं है, यह बहुत पुराना है।इतिहास में आज भी कई उच्च श्रेणी के कलाकार अपना स्थान बना चुके है जैसे- भास्कर बुवा, मियाॅं जान, अब्दुल करीम खाॅ, फैयाज खाॅ, हैदर खाॅ, वजीर खाॅ, हफीज खाॅ, ओंकारनाथ ठाकुर आदि। भारतीय कला के विकास में केन्द्र और राज्य सरकारों का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा है, केन्द्रीय सरकार षिक्षा पात्र विद्यार्थियों को छात्रवृत्ति दे रही है। इस प्रकार से विद्यार्थियों को प्रोत्साहन मिल रहा है।
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Independentwriter, Victoria Schofield. "Plebiscite Conundrum in Jammu and Kashmir." Strategic Studies 42, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.042.01.00138.
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Since 1947 the expectation that the fate of the disputed former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir would be decided by a plebiscite has been part of the narrative of the state’s history. Seventy-five years later, the plebiscite has never been held, the state remaining de facto divided between India and Pakistan, both accusing each other of illegally occupying the territory the other controls, while a significant proportion of the inhabitants of the state maintain that they have never been allowed their ‘right of self-determination.’[1] This paper examines the reasoning behind holding a plebiscite, the challenges of holding a unitary plebiscite in a state where the inhabitants of the major regions of the state have differing allegiances and aspirations and the reasons why the plebiscite was not held. It also explains why successive governments of Pakistan have clung to the notion of holding a plebiscite, whereas successive Indian governments have long since decided that a plebiscite is no longer necessary. Finally this paper will examine whether, in a changed demographic environment, with the state de facto divided for over half the time it was ever a united administrative unit, the holding of a plebiscite would resolve the issue or whether it would create more disaffection among disappointed minorities.
[1] Pakistani maps and rhetoric describe the area of the state occupied by India as ‘illegally occupied disputed territory’; Indian maps describe the area of the state occupied by Pakistan as ‘Pakistan Occupied Kashmir’ (POK).
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Pillai, Sarath. "Fragmenting the Nation: Divisible Sovereignty and Travancore's Quest for Federal Independence." Law and History Review 34, no. 3 (June 14, 2016): 743–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248016000195.
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Speaking at the Travancore legislative assembly on February 2, 1938, Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar said: “The federation contemplated in the Government of India Act (1935) was founded on the recognition of the fundamental idea that the Ruler alone represents his state and that the Ruler is the government of the state.” Travancore was one of the oldest princely states in India, which antedated the British occupation and claimed a dynastic rule uninterrupted by any foreign or domestic powers. Its history of constitutional reforms and economic advancement enabled it to occupy a pivotal position in colonial India. As the Dewan (prime minister) of Travancore, Sir C.P. played a crucial role in the constitutional debates on the political form of postcolonial India, especially federation, in the last two decades of the British Empire in India. He argued that Indian states were inherently sovereign, and that the only locus of sovereignty in the states was their rulers. In doing so, he imagined a future Indian federation predicated on the idea of divisible sovereignty, which was given constitutional effect by the Government of India (GOI) Act (1935). Sir C.P.'s expositions on the sovereignty of the states and Travancore's constitutionalism offer analytical lenses to recuperate a history of imperial constitutionalism and the grand political project it enabled: Indian federation.
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Akee, Randall K. Q., Katherine A. Spilde, and Jonathan B. Taylor. "The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and Its Effects on American Indian Economic Development." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.185.
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The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), passed by the US Congress in 1988, was a watershed in the history of policymaking directed toward reservation-resident American Indians. IGRA set the stage for tribal government-owned gaming facilities. It also shaped how this new industry would develop and how tribal governments would invest gaming revenues. Since then, Indian gaming has approached commercial, state-licensed gaming in total revenues. Gaming operations have had a far-reaching and transformative effect on American Indian reservations and their economies. Specifically, Indian gaming has allowed marked improvements in several important dimensions of reservation life. For the first time, some tribal governments have moved to fiscal independence. Native nations have invested gaming revenues in their economies and societies, often with dramatic effect.
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Kumar, Dharma. "VII. The Colonial Tradition in India and Indonesia." Itinerario 13, no. 1 (March 1989): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004186.
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‘Given the circumstances facing Indonesian governments in the years 1950–57’, a standard history of Indonesia comments, ‘it is not surprising that the democratic experiment foundered, for there were few foundations upon which representative democracy could be built. Indonesia inherited from the Dutch and Japanese the traditions, assumptions and legal structure ofa police state. The Indonesian masses – mostly illiterate, poor, accustomed to authoritarian and paternalistic rule, and spread over an enormous archipelago – were hardly in a position to force politicians in Jakarta to account for their performance. The politically informed were only a tiny layer of urban society and the Jakarta politicians, while proclaiming their democratic ideals, were mostly elitists and selfconscious participants in a new urban superculture. They were paternalistic towards those less fortunate than themselves and sometimes simply snobbish towards those who, for instance, could not speak fluent Dutch. They had little commitment to the grass-roots structure of representative government and managed to postpone elections for five more years. A plant as rare as representative democracy can hardly grow in such soil.’
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Panneerselvam, A. "Evaluating the Efficacy of India's Coalition Governments." Journal of Language and Linguistics in Society, no. 11 (September 22, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jlls.11.21.28.
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Nowadays, alliance is typical in many regions of the planet. The Nordic Countries, the Benelux Countries, Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Japan, Turkey, Israel, New Zealand, Kosovo, Pakistan, Kenya, India, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, and Ukraine are instances of nations that regularly have coalition governments. Other countries that have frequent coalition governments include the countries of the Benelux and Germany. Since 1959 until 2008, Switzerland was led by a coalition government consisting of the four parties who held the most parliamentary seats. The fact that India opted for democracy and that we have been working toward maintaining a robust democratic system for almost 75 years now counts as a significant accomplishment. In India, the study of coalitions is still in its very early stages and is a relatively new field of academic endeavour. Nevertheless, it might turn out to be of tremendous significance for our nation. The development of democracy must necessarily progress through this stage of coalition building. They might represent a logical step in the process of transitioning from a multi-party system to a bi-party system in India, which is a country that has more than a hundred different political parties. In this study, several aspects of coalition governments and the history of coalition governance in India are examined and discussed. In order to arrive at a conclusion, the research used both historical and descriptive methods. In this study, a substantial amount of time was spent using a thematic software programme to analyze the qualitative data, which consisted of information obtained from secondary sources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "State governments India History"
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Guyot-Réchard, Bérénice Claire Dominique. "Decolonisation and state-making on India's north-east frontier, c. 1943-62." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283938.
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Singh, Upinder. "Kings, Brāhmaṇas, and temples in Orissa : an epigraphic study (300-1147 C.E.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74673.
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Royal endowments to Brahmanas have been interpreted either as a factor of political integration or disintegration in Indian history. Through the first thorough presentation and analysis of the epigraphic data from Orissa, this study argues that the period 300-1147 C.E. was one of intensive state formation and political development in which royal grants played an important integrative role. During this period, Brahmanas, many of whom were ritual specialists associated with the Yajur Veda, emerged as land-holders endowed by royal decree with privileged control over land. Despite the consistent appearance of sectarian affiliations in the royal inscriptions, temples did not benefit from royal patronage on a comparable scale. Until the close of the period under review, it was the gift of land to Brahmanas, not the royally-endowed temple establishment, that was a major basis of royal legitimation and political integration in Orissa.
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Pradhan, Rajesh Kumar. "Governments and the housing problem : the case of Bihar State Housing Board in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76864.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 56-57.
by Rajesh Kumar Pradhan.
M.C.P.
M.S.
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Kamtekar, Indivar. "The end of the colonial state in India, 1942-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250937.
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Sharma, Sanjay Kumar. "Famine, state and society in North India, c.1800-1840." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362846.
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This thesis examines some of the lesser known aspects of the colonial state, indigenous society and the processes of transformation through the numerous reported instances of scarcity or famine, which affected north India in the early decades of the nineteenth century. The study begins by situating famine years in the context of the process of colonisation, and argues that British policy and changes in the economy and ecology rendered north Indian society more vulnerable to drought and famine. As a consequence, north India experienced the most severe famine of the colonial period in 1837-38, which this thesis analyses at length. The 1837-38 famine witnessed largescale crime and widespread food riots. An analysis of patterns of collective action to preserve rights regarding access to food and subsistence is contrasted with the ambiguity in official perceptions describing it as 'crime'. This is compared with the process of transition from a 'moral economy' to a market economy as experienced in England. This thesis also concentrates on other strategies of survival, e.g. migrations, religious conversions, prostitution, child-selling and famine-foods. This study traces the evolution of the notion that the state was responsible for the prevention of famines through provision of work on 'works of public utility'. It seeks to demonstrate that famine relief policies of the East India Company in the early decades of the nineteenth century were also shaped by notions of destitution and charity that informed the debates on the New Poor Law in Britain in the 1830s. This thesis argues that the experience of famine was entwined with the quest for legitimacy of rule by the colonial state. Although the state progressively advocated laissez-faire, its humanitarian and pragmatic concerns resulted in a series of interventionist policies. The famine situations contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the ideological and physical infrastructure of the colonial state. By claiming to be the ultimate and most effective source of philanthropy, the colonial state sought to transform rival indigenous notions of charity. The rhetoric of benevolence and patronage implied new responsibilities for the state, and increasingly it was called upon and obliged to act for the welfare of its subjects. However, the limits of colonial welfarism and modernity were apparent as the state neglected responsibilities towards growing structured poverty.
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Sheikh, Samira. "State and society in Gujarat, c. 1200-1500 : the making of a region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d9736d6-dc29-4911-833d-d30786199a3f.
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The present work closely traces the emergence of a distinctively Gujarati political and cultural world by the fifteenth century, arguing that many of the political, administrative, cultural and religious institutions that are evident in modern Gujarat came into being when the region was unified by force and consensus under the Sultans of Gujarat. The western province of Gujarat with its extensive coastline became, from the eighth century, the hub of a vibrant network of trade that stretched from the Red Sea to Indonesia and over land to Central Asia and the borders of China. The ports and cities of Gujarat drew merchants, mercenaries, religious figures and fortune-seekers from the Arab world and neighbouring south Asian provinces. Gujarat' s general prosperity also attracted mass migrations of pastoralist groups from the north. Unlike previous studies that have tended to treat trade and politics as separate categories with distinct histories, the present research charts the evolving Gujarati political order by juxtaposing political control with networks of trade, religion and contestation over resources. Large parts of Gujarat were conquered in the late thirteenth century by the armies of the Turkic Sultans of Delhi. With the dissolution of the Delhi Sultanate in the late fourteenth century, the governor of Gujarat declared his sovereignty and inaugurated a line of independent Sultans of Gujarat who continued in power until defeated by the Mughal ruler Akbar in 1572. From the late twelfth century, Gujarat was the site of proselytising activities of various denominations of missionaries. By the fifteenth century, a wide variety of religious interests were competing for patrons, converts and resources. The highly evolved trading networks radiating out from Gujarat from the eighth century required pragmatic accommodation with successive political formations. Correspondingly, claimants to political power were heavily dependent upon merchants, traders and financiers for military supplies, and in return, offered the trading groups security and patronage. The constantly negotiated relationship between trade and politics was closely linked to the evolution of sects and castes, Hindu, Muslim and Jain. Trade and politics were increasingly organised and expressed in sectarian or community terms. In keeping with some recent literature, my studies suggest that community affiliations in this period were often negotiable and linked to changing status. The study ends in the late fifteenth century when the Portuguese arrived off the coast of Gujarat. Soon there were new alignments of identity and power as the pastoralist frontier politics of the previous period began to give way to settled Rajput courts, complete with bureaucracies, chroniclers and priests. The Sultans of Gujarat were now paramount in the region: wealthy patrons of merchants and religious figures, they were unrivalled in north India for their control of manpower, war animals and weaponry.
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Kudaisya, Gyanesh. "State power and the erosion of colonial authority in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1930-42." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272823.
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Persad, Rajesh Surendra. "A Passage from India: The East Indian Indenture Experience in Trinidad 1845-1885." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08132008-104154/.
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The purpose of this research has been to analyze the social relationships that developed during the formative years of East Indian indenture system in the Trinidad. This work is an attempt to explore how the East Indian indentured immigrants in Trinidad individually and collectively navigated through the experience of servitude to form a collective identity and become established in a foreign land as they evolved from transient laborers to permanent settlers. Without the Indian laborers the sugar industry and the islandâs prosperity faced ruin while the perceived prosperity of the Indians inspired resentment. Caught between the worlds of freedom and unfreedom, the Indians sought to establish themselves within Trinidadâs society.
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Elliott, Derek Llewellyn. "Torture, taxes and the colonial state in Madras, c.1800-1858." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709514.
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Georgekutty, Thadathil V. (Thadathil Varghese). "India's Nonalignment Policy and the American Response, 1947-1960." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331601/.
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India's nonalignment policy attracted the attention of many newly independent countries for it provided an alternative to the existing American and Russian views of the world. This dissertation is an examination of both India's nonalignment policy and the official American reaction to it during the Truman-Eisenhower years. Indian nonalignment should be defined as a policy of noncommitment towards rival power blocs adopted with a view of retaining freedom of action in international affairs and thereby influencing the issue of war and peace to India's advantage. India maintained that the Cold War was essentially a European problem. Adherence to military allliances , it believed, would increase domestic tensions and add to chances of involvement in international war, thus destroying hopes of socio-economic reconstruction of India. The official American reaction was not consistent. It varied from president to president, from issue to issue, and from time to time. India's stand on various issues of international import and interest to the United States such as recognition of the People's Republic of China, the Korean War, the Japanese peace treaty of 1951, and the Hungarian revolt of 1956, increased American concern about and dislike of nonalignment. Many Americans in high places regraded India's nonalignment policy as pro-Communist and as one that sought to undermine Western collective security measures. Consequently, during the Truman and Eisenhower presidencies the United States took a series of diplomatic, military, and economic measures to counter India's neutralism. America refused to treat India as a major power and attempted to contain its influence on the international plane by excluding it from international conferences and from assuming international responsibilities. The Russian efforts to woo India and other nonaligned countries with trade and aid softened America's open resistance to India's nonalignment. As a result, although tactical, a new trend in America's dealings with India was visible during the closing years of Eisenhower's presidency. Therefore, America sought to keep nonaligned India at least nonaligned by extending economic aid.
Books on the topic "State governments India History"
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Nossiter, T. J. Marxist state governments in India. London: F. Pinter, 1986.
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Nossiter, T. J. Marxist state governments in India: Politics, economics and society. London: Pinter, 1988.
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Marxist state governments in India: Politics, economics, and society. London: Pinter Publishers, 1988.
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1947-, Chatterjee Partha, ed. State and politics in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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State violence and punishment in India. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
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Sherman, Taylor C. State violence and punishment in India. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
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M, Samozvant͡s︡ev A., ed. Society, state, and law in ancient India. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1985.
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Menon, V. P. Integration of the Indian states. Madras: Orient Longman, 1985.
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Opening the hidden land: State formation and the construction of Sikkimese history. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
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The state and governance in India: The Congress ideal. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, [England]: Routledge, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "State governments India History"
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Tiwari, Geetam, and Dinesh Mohan. "Traffic Safety in India and Vision Zero." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 597–635. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_22.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the current state of traffic safety in India and a brief overview of history of traffic safety policies in India. The road safety policy adopted by the Government of India does not have any specific targets; however, the government has accepted the UN sustainable development goals (SDG) and targets in 2016. SDG 3.6 is related to road traffic injuries, and it requires that the fatalities due to road traffic crashes must be reduced by 50% by 2030. The last section of the chapter presents a roadmap for selected cities in India for achieving SDG target 3.6 by 2030 and discusses the results in the context of “Vision Zero” for India.
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Tiwari, Geetam, and Dinesh Mohan. "Traffic Safety in India and Vision Zero." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_22-1.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the current state of traffic safety in India and a brief overview of history of traffic safety policies in India. The road safety policy adopted by the Government of India does not have any specific targets; however, the government has accepted the UN sustainable development goals (SDG) and targets in 2016. SDG 3.6 is related to road traffic injuries, and it requires that the fatalities due to road traffic crashes must be reduced by 50% by 2030. The last section of the chapter presents a roadmap for selected cities in India for achieving SDG target 3.6 by 2030 and discusses the results in the context of “Vision Zero” for India.
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Pathak, Drishya, and A. Philo Magdalene. "COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Administration in India." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 129–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_7.
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AbstractThe authors examine, in great detail, issues related to vaccine development, production, and distribution in India. They discuss the problems related to logistics for reaching vaccines to India’s large population. The role of international organizations engaged in vaccine development, procurement, and distribution is discussed.The development of vaccines for COVID-19 within a ten-month period has been an extraordinary achievement given that in the past it has taken 10–15 years to develop a vaccine. Of the seventy vaccine candidates currently in the pipeline globally, four are available for use. Currently, five vaccine candidates are in different stages of development in India.India is acknowledged globally to have a robust capacity for developing vaccines. India has also had a long history in organizing and implementing immunization programs for pregnant women and children. However, organizing a national vaccination program for COVID-19 is challenging because of India’s large population and fragile health infrastructure.India rolled-out the COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. The state governments have developed plans for the storage and distribution of the vaccine and for the implementation of the vaccination program. Important elements within the program are communications and advocacy that aim to inform the people about the vaccine and its benefits and to encourage them to get vaccinated so that the problem of vaccine hesitancy, a major deterrent, can be prevented.India and the world are at a critical juncture in the history of the pandemic where the availability of the vaccine shows a glimmer of hope—a light at the end of a dark tunnel.
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Mann, Michael. "State formation in India." In Routledge Handbook of the History of Colonialism in South Asia, 36–47. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431012-5.
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Roy, Tirthankar. "State formation." In An Economic History of India 1707–1857, 17–48. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173540-2.
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Roy, Tirthankar. "State consolidation." In An Economic History of India 1707–1857, 49–64. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173540-3.
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Jha, Bhuwan Kumar. "Political voices, colonial state and partition of India." In A History of Colonial India, 221–49. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246510-13.
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Shahi, Deepshikha. "Contested histories of 1857 and the (re) construction of the Indian nation-state." In A History of Colonial India, 57–69. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246510-4.
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Cohn, Bernard S. "5. Law and the Colonial State in India." In History and Power in the Study of Law, edited by June Starr and Jane F. Collier, 131–52. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501723322-008.
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Falk, Harry. "The tidal waves of Indian history." In The Routledge Handbook of the State in Premodern India, 47–67. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242062-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "State governments India History"
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Nakil, Seemantini. "Traditional and modern systems for addressing wter scarcity in arid zones of India." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/fesh7872.
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Water is essential for all socio-economic development and for maintaining a healthy ecosystem in the world. At present, reduction of water scarcity is prime goal of many countries and governments. Water scarcity is one of the most important concerns of present-day geographers as water is the central subject of all kinds of developmental activities. Rajasthan is the largest state in India covering an area of 34.22 million hectares, i.e.10.5 percent of the country’s geographical area, but sharing only 1.15 percent of its water resources. The state is predominantly agrarian as the livelihood of 70 percent of its people depends on agriculturebased activities. Most of the state (60-75%) is arid or semiarid. Waterways are a vital and productive resource to our environment. Rajasthan in India is characterized by very low mean annual rainfall (100-400 mm), high inter-annual variability in rainfall and stream flows, and poorquality soils and groundwater. Rajasthan has a rich history of use of traditional systems of water harvesting in almost all the districts of the state. These practices have often saved the droughtaffected regions from problems of water famine. The serious problems of water shortages in many parts of the country are being largely attributed to the discontinued use of traditional water harvesting practices. This paper discusses reasons of scarcity of water in arid zones and also explore various traditional & modern water systems to resolve the issue of water scarcity in arid parts of India.
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Turaga, Vasanta Sobha. "Fading urban memories: status of conservation of historic Samsthan/Zamindari Palaces in Small and medium town master plans in Telangana, India." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/wzuc7012.
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‘Public memores’ are an imporant aspect in preserving a place’s culture and heritage. Actions of the government and society many times define/redefine identities of places, impacting collective memory of people in perceiving places. Conscious efforts are required to make and keep public memories alive. Insensitive and uninformed Urban Planning can lead to erasing history and heritage not just physically but from public memories as well. This Paper discusses the issues of Fading Urban Memories by taking case studies of two historic towns in the South Indian State of Telangana. Most of the Small & Medium Towns in Telangana, India, developed over the last two centuries from their historic core areas of the Capitals of erstwhile Samsthans/Zamindaris, land revenue admistration units/sub-regional authorities under the British and the Princely States’ Rulesin India till Independence in 1947. These Samsthans/Zamindars/ Jagirdars were ‘Chieftains’ of their own territories and ruled from ‘Palaces’ located in their Capital city/town. The palaces and historic areas of old Samsthan/Zamindari settlements represent local histories whose significance, memory, heritage needs to be preserved for posterity. Gadwa and Wanaparthy were two such towns, which developed mid-17 Century onwards becoming present day Municipalities of different Grades. The Department of Town and Country Planning, Govt. Of Telangana, prepares Master Plans for development of Municipalities. The surviving Fort/Palaces is marked by their present land use in the development plans, unrecognized for thier heritage status, thus posing threat to heritage being erased from collective Urban memory. The case studies presented in this paper are from the ongoing doctoral research work being done by the author at School of Planning and Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University, Hyderabad, on the topic of ‘Planning for Conservation of Samshtan/Zamindari Palaces of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh’.
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Mahawar, Aman, Sthanu R. Nair, and K. Pushpangadan. "Tax Efforts of State Governments in India during the Post-Economic Reforms Period." In Annual International Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Economics Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2012_qqe15.08.
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Hernandez, Susan D., and Mary E. Clark. "Building Capacity and Public Involvement Among Native American Communities." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1251.
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Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) supports a number of local community initiatives to encourage public involvement in decisions regarding environmental waste management and remediation. Native American tribal communities, in most cases, operate as sovereign nations, and thus have jurisdiction over environmental management on their lands. This paper provides examples of initiatives addressing Native American concerns about past radioactive waste management practices — one addresses uranium mining wastes in the Western United States and the other, environmental contamination in Alaska. These two projects involve the community in radioactive waste management decision-making by encouraging them to articulate their concerns and observations; soliciting their recommended solutions; and facilitating leadership within the community by involving local tribal governments, individuals, scientists and educators in the project. Frequently, a community organization, such as a local college or Native American organization, is selected to manage the project due to their cultural knowledge and acceptance within the community. It should be noted that U.S. EPA, consistent with Federal requirements, respects Indian tribal self-government and supports tribal sovereignty and self-determination. For this reason, in the projects and initiatives described in the presentation, the U.S. EPA is involved at the behest and approval of Native American tribal governments and community organizations. Objectives of the activities described in this presentation are to equip Native American communities with the skills and resources to assess and resolve environmental problems on their lands. Some of the key outcomes of these projects include: • Training teachers of Navajo Indian students to provide lessons about radiation and uranium mining in their communities. Teachers will use problem-based education, which allows students to connect the subject of learning with real-world issues and concerns of their community. Teachers are encouraged to utilize members of the community and to conduct field trips to make the material as relevant to the students. • Creating an interactive database that combines scientific and technical data from peer-reviewed literature along with complementary Native American community environmental observations. • Developing educational materials that meet the national science standards for education and also incorporate Native American culture, language, and history. The use of both Native American and Western (Euro-American) educational concepts serve to reinforce learning and support cultural identity. The two projects adopt approaches that are tailored to encourage the participation of, and leadership from, Native American communities to guide environmental waste management and remediation on their lands. These initiatives are consistent with the government-to-government relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government and support the principle that tribes are empowered to exercise their own decision-making authority with respect to their lands.
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Kuthanazhi, Vivek, Anil Kottantharayil, and N. C. Narayanan. "Planning for integration of solar photovoltaics into the energy needs of villages through local self governments: An experience in the state of Kerala, India." In 2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925189.
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Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan, and Vitri Widyaningsih. "Determinants of Fertility in Indonesia: An Analysis from Basic Life Survey Data Year 2017." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.99.
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ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia is in the fourth position with the largest population in the world (274 million people) after China, India, and the United States. Currently, Indonesia is experiencing a demographic bonus and also has a high dependency ratio (46.6%). It resulting in heavy burdens that must be borne by the productive age population to finance the lives of the unproductive population. The high population in Indonesia is determined by the high number of children born alive. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of fertility in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Indonesian Population Demographic Survey year 2017. A sample of 49,627 reproductive women aged 15-49 years who had ever give birth was selected for this study. The dependent variable was fertility (based on number of children born alive). The independent variables were contaceptive use, contraceptive method, source of information, knnowledge toward contraception, history of birth delivery, and residence. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Fertility increased with traditional contraceptive use (b= 0.51; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.61; p<0.001), information from government (b= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.46 to 0.72; p <0.001), low education toward contraceptive (b= 0.89; 95% CI= 0.49 to 1.29; p <0.001), birth delivery <1 year (b= 0.10; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.25; p= 0.187), health assurance participant (b= 0.54; 95% CI= 0.44 to 0.64; p<0.001), living in urban area (b= 0.32; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.41; p<0.001), hormonal contraceptive use (b= 0.08; 95% CI= -0.10 to 0.25; p= 0.408), and living in west Indonesian (b= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.47 to 0.66; p<0.001). Fertility decreased with family decision on contraceptive use (b= -0.31; 95% CI= -0.42 to -0.21; p<0.001), education ≥Senior high school (b= -1.25; 95% CI= -1.35 to -1.16; p<0.001), and high family wealth (b= -0.50; 95% CI= -0.60 to -0.40; p<0.001). Conclusion: Fertility increases with traditional contraceptive use, information from government, low education toward contraceptive, birth delivery <1 year, health assurance participant, living in urban area, hormonal contraceptive use, and living in west Indonesian. Fertility decreases with family decision on contraceptive use, education ≥Senior high school, and high family wealth. Keywords: fertility, basic health survey year 2017 Correspondence: Karlinda. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: karlindalinda8@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282278924093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.99
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Mathur, Jyotirmay, Vishal Garg, and Vijeta Jangra. "Energy Conservation Building Code in India: Status, Issues and Opportunities." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90508.
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The Energy Conservation Act 2001 was the first major initiative in India to channelize and catalyze energy efficiency improvement in various sectors of economy. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency was set up per the provision of this act, which in 2007 brought out Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) with an overall purpose of providing minimum requirements for the energy efficient design and construction of buildings. ECBC covers building envelope, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system, interior and exterior lighting system, service hot water, electrical power and motors. Since the launch of this code in May 2007, efforts are being made to promote and facilitate the adoption of this code through several training and capacity building programs. A program committee has been set to take care of the comments from stakeholders and inconsistencies, due to which revision of the code was brought out in May 2008. Currently the code is voluntary in the initial phase, but it is designed to be mandatory in future. One major feature of the code is that implementation is left under the scope of State and local governments. During the capacity building effort, a need was felt to provide additional guidance to design and construction professionals on the rationale behind the ECBC specifications and provide explanations to the key terms and concepts. The ECBC User Guide was therefore developed and released in July 2009 for this purpose. This paper describes the current status, experiences during capacity building and market transformation required for successful implementation of this code. It also covers commentary on how various stakeholders are contributing towards one common goal in different ways. With successful implementation, the code is expected to reduce the energy consumption of the upcoming new buildings by 20–40% from their average performance level at the time of launch of ECBC. Having this huge potential of energy saving, there is an urgent need to address the problems and issues for early adoption of the energy conservation building code in the country.
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Liu, Zhenxia, Jingyu Zhao, Jianping Hu, and Yaguo Lu. "A Numerical Model for Unsteady Oil Film Motion in Aero-Engine Bearing Chambers and Experimental Verification." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3639.
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The work presented here focusing on the motion of oil film heat and mass transfer. A complete mathematical model based on theoretical study to solve three-dimensional unsteady oil film motion was established. Numerical simulation for different test rigs (bearing chamber test rig of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and rotating cylinder test rig of Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)) and different working conditions was carried out by using CFD commercial software. Particle tracks, oil film thickness change history and film stripping were studied, and the numerical results of oil film thickness were obtained. The numerical results show that the motion of the oil film will reach the state of basic stability for unsteady oil flow, and a development process from the oil film formation to basic stability in this paper is less than 1.5 seconds. Moreover, comparison between the numerical results and the experimental values shows that the maximum error of oil film thickness is less than 7% at the measurement points under the calculation conditions, which indicates the proposed computational model to solve unsteady oil film motion is a valuable technical means for the study of oil film movement mechanism and oil film heat and mass transfer.
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Asgar, Ali, and Santosh Panda. "Perception towards Online Teaching-Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of IGNOU Teachers and Academics." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.769.
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The pandemic erupted due to Covid-19 has disrupted normal life and different economic, social, and educational activities globally, and India was not an exception to this changing situation. In India, a phenomenal change occurred in the education sector where state and central governments instructed or made it compulsory for educational institutions to go online and continue academic activities in the online mode. In this context, IGNOU and state open universities in India also entered to the online mode for teaching-learning (TL) and providing academic support services to learners. Teachers posted at the IGNOU headquarters and academics at the different regional centers got engaged with learners online to perform their respective responsibilities. Against this perspective, this research was conducted to find out the perceptions of teachers and academics on the the effectiveness of online TL; the constraints faced by them; and also, to suggest measures toward making online and blended TL strategies more useful. To conduct this study, a structured online questionnaire comprising the above aspects was sent to teachers and academics of the university in the last week of January, 2022. A total of 63 responses from both the teachers and academics were received and analyzed. The findings of the study suggest academic functionaries of IGNOU were ready to take the challenge positively and self-efficacy helped them in adopting online and digital pedagogies; they improved their ICT skills, although requirement of further training in online pedagogies and instructional design was indicated by them; challenges like slow broadband and non-availability of robust technical support were also reported. The study may have implications for policy and practice of the world's second-largest university which operates within India and through 14 overseas study centers with accumulative learner enrolment of above three million.
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Raghavan, Kotur S. "An Evaluation of ASME’s “Design by Analysis” Guidelines." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3626.
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ASME’s Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes have a history of over one hundred years. The codes have been evolving over time with continuous revisions, improvements and refinements. A major milestone has been the incorporation of “Design by Analysis (DBA)” guidelines about fifty years back (for instance Sec. VIII, Division 2). These were introduced as it was recognized that the prevailing Design by Rules (Section VIII, Division 1) tended to be somewhat over-conservative. The essence of DBA guidelines consists of evaluating the elastic stresses at critical locations and checking the same against the allowable. The allowable happen to functions of the nature of stress distribution and the nature of load. A given stress could be of membrane, bending or peak category and also be either primary or secondary. At the time of appearance of the DBA guidelines, the state of the art of stress analysis was not well advanced and the finite element method was just getting developed. As of today, however, the finite element method has reached a high level of maturity and is very widely used. The latest edition (2010) has recognized this and it contains modeling and post-processing guidelines applicable to FE analysis. This edition also recommends the use of one of three possible approaches. The first is the elastic analysis and classification and categorization of stresses with guidelines regarding how to deal with two- and three-dimensional situations. The other two options are provided to take care of situations wherein the categorization process may lead to either uncertainty or ambiguity. These involve nonlinear analysis either by way of Limit-Load method or Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis. In either approach the analyst will look for the loads at which there is an onset of gross plastic flow. In the present paper an attempt is made to evaluate the latest DBA guidelines from design application point of view. The purpose is to assess the limitations of the elastic analysis approach. Studies are undertaken to focus typically on the following aspects: 1. Two dimensional problems involving symmetry or axisymmetry. There are situations in which the “bending” stresses are liable to be misinterpreted. 2. Three dimensional problems with emphasis on the assessment of bending stress as categorization in 3D situations is a real challenge 3. General situations involving the secondary stresses. The allowable stress limit for secondary stress is somewhat arbitrary and perhaps very conservative. The studies tend to suggest that the nonlinear route is to be adopted as it is reliable and accounts for many uncertainties associated with the elastic approach.
Reports on the topic "State governments India History"
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Devereux, Stephen. Policy Pollination: A Brief History of Social Protection’s Brief History in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.004.
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The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.
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Lehe, Lewis, Sairpaneeth Devunuri, Javier Rondan, and Ayush Pandey. Taxation of Ride-hailing. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-040.
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This report is a guide to the practice of taxing ride-hailing at the state and local levels in the United States. The information is based on a survey of legislation, news articles, journal articles, revenue data, and interviews. We first review the literature and provide a history of ride-hailing and the practice of ride-hailing. We then profile all ride-hailing taxes in the United States, classifying these taxes according to common attributes and pointing out what details of legislation or history distinguishes each tax. One important distinction is between ad valorem taxes, levied as a percentage of fare or revenues, and “per-ride” taxes levied as a flat charge per ride. Another distinction is the differential treatment of shared and single rides. We provide extensive references to laws and ordinances as well as propose a system to classify the state legal environments under which ride-hailing is taxed. States fall into five regimes: (1) a “hands-off” regime wherein local governments are permitted wide leeway; (2) a “tax-free” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited and the state does not impose a tax; (3) a “state-tax-only” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited but the state levies taxes for its own use; (4) a “revenue-sharing” regime wherein the state levies taxes and distributes them to local governments; and (5) a “local-option” regime wherein local governments can opt into participating in a tax system regulated by the state. We make nine recommendations for Illinois policymakers considering taxes on ride-hailing, with the most important being that the state pass legislation clarifying and regulating the rights of local governments to levy such taxes.
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Greater involvement of PLHA In NGO service delivery: Findings from a four-country study. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1009.
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At the conclusion of the Paris AIDS Summit in 1994, 42 governments issued a declaration supporting the greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in policy formulation and service delivery. Despite growing recognition of its importance, there has been little research that examines PLHA involvement in the delivery of prevention, care, and support services in developing countries and its effects on PLHA, others affected by HIV/AIDS, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). To address this gap, the Horizons Program and the International HIV/AIDS Alliance conducted a study of PLHA involvement in NGOs in Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Maharashtra State, India, and Zambia between October 1998 and August 2001. As noted in this brief, the goal of the study was to identify the conditions that foster PLHA involvement and the strategies that organizations can use to achieve meaningful involvement of PLHA. Seventeen NGOs participated in the study, which focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and support. The NGOs chosen represent different types of organizations and a range of PLHA involvement.