Journal articles on the topic 'State competition'
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Dallas, George, Stelliou Charis, Theodorou Apostolos, and Costas Dallas. "COMPETITIVE STATE ANXIETY AND PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG MALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 11, no. 3 (January 9, 2023): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.3.299-306.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the competitive state anxiety and self-confidence on artistic gymnasts participating in the Greek national competition. 84 gymnasts, aged 9 – 11 years, completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, one hour before the competition. The gymnasts, based on the total score they have received in all-around competition were divided into high and low performance, responded to the three subscales: Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, and Self-confidence. Results showed that there was significant difference in Self-confidence between high performance and low performance gymnasts. However, no significant differences were found in cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety in these gymnasts. The Pearson coefficient revealed statistically significant between cognitive and somatic anxiety. The regression analysis failed to reveal any significant predictor of performance in these young male artistic gymnasts. The findings of the study underline the importance of examining competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in young male artistic gymnasts, mainly developing strategies to improve self-confidence to enable the athletes to better prepare for forthcoming competitions.
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Nazim Hajiyev, Adalat Muradov, Rovshan Akbarov,. "New Approach to State Protection of Competition." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 5, 2021): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2486.
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The aim of the article is to improve the possibilities for learning and applying practical tips on competition protection, and to develop ways to promote competition and economic growth that will enhance the prosperity of the economy and society. It is important that the goal of competition protection is to create conditions that will lead to a more competitive market structure and business behavior without direct intervention from the competition body. Note that the most disadvantageous alternative to the competition body is the application of close and lasting control of the dominant firms by competition law. This alternative results in more inadequate funding by requiring more resources. Modern economic reality, characterized by the transformation of economic relations, business globalization, integration of transitional economies into the global space, makes the development of competitive relationships more important for improving economic and innovation performance. As a result, it has been established that a successful market economy requires a competitive culture within the country. Both consumers and the business community need to be aware of their competitive policies and how they can benefit from it. Competition agencies play an important role in this learning process.
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Li, Yu. "A Recognition Method of Athletes’ Mental State in Sports Training Based on Support Vector Machine Model." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1566664.
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Athletes participate in competitive competitions, and the ultimate goal is to better display their personal competitive level in the competition so as to achieve the goal of defeating their opponents and winning the competition. In all types of competitions, most matches are instantaneous, and opportunities are fleeting. The instantaneous nature and fierce competition of sports competitions require athletes who participate in sports competitions to have a high psychological quality. It can be seen that the quality of the mental state directly determines the performance of the athletes in usual training and competition. In the process of sports, if athletes can obtain real-time changes in their mental states when they encounter various situations, they can formulate more targeted and effective training or competition strategies according to the athletes’ states. For the opponent, by analyzing the opponent’s psychological state during exercise, the game strategy can be adjusted in real time in a targeted manner, and the probability of winning the game can be provided. Based on this background, this paper proposes to use support vector machine (SVM) to identify the mental state of athletes during exercise. This paper first collects the data of body movements and facial expressions of athletes during training or competition. Use multimodal data to train an SVM model. Output the emotional state of athletes at different stages based on test data. In order to verify the applicability of the method in this paper to the athlete subjects, several comparative models were used in the experiment to verify the performance of the used models. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of emotion recognition obtained by this method is more than 80%. This shows that the research in this paper has certain application value.
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Horsfall, Daniel. "From competition state to competition states?" Policy Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442870902899863.
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Evans, Mark. "Cameron's competition state." Policy Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442870902899871.
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Tereshchenko, V. I., B. M. Koropatov, and P. V. Nikolenko. "General questions of building the stage of pre-competition training." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(136) (May 22, 2021): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).29.
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Success in competition is ensured by long-term preparation, but direct pre-competition training (DPT) is of fundamental importance, with the help of which athletes must bring themselves to a state of high or the highest working capacity.
Modern views on the essence and construction of preliminary training stage most intensively began to be formed since the 1960s. The reason for this was the appearance of such fundamental projects, such as "Periodization of sports training" by L.P. Matveva, "The current system of sports training" by N.G. Ozolina, "The coach of athletics trainer" ed. L.S. Khomenkovoi.
The success in competitions is provided by long-term training, but fundamental importance has a direct pre-competition training (DPT), by which athletes should lead themselves to a state of high or the highest efficiency. If the goal of competition is only of training or control nature and athlete is not eager to achieve a high result, then DPT is not necessary before the starts. Such a combination of the process of training and participation in competitions may occur in the first competitions at the beginning of the competitive period. However, when there is a participating in high-level competitions or even more in the culminating competitions, in such an event, DPT is essential.
Mistakes in the building of the phase of the DPT are often the reason not only for an unsuccessful speech in the main competition, but it is also the reason for a slowed down growth of achievements and even deterioration of them. All training of an athlete can be considered successful if he shows the best result in the crucial competition with a significant progress in his accomplishments.
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Gilev, Gennady Andreevich, Vasilisa Vladimirovna Vladykina, Marina Alexandrovna Semenova, Yuriy Igorevich Chernov, and Vadim Nikolaevich Gladkov. "Formation of the psychological mobilisation state to achieve one’s best sporting result." BIO Web of Conferences 29 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20212901009.
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During the training process before the competition, the athlete often shows a high result similar to, and sometimes exceeding, his previously achieved record. However, in the conditions of the following competitive activity, especially in tough sports competition, there is a decrease in effectiveness. This circumstance is often explained by a poor shape of a sportsman. While a more correct objective indicator of the decrease in effectiveness during the competition, as many experts claim, is the psycho-pedagogical mobilisation unpreparedness of an athlete. The aim of this research was to mobilise the strong-willed qualities of highly qualified swimmers, which allow a sportsman to demonstrate his or her best or equal to previously achieved sporting results during important competitions, involving psychological and pedagogical methods. During the implementation of this goal, methods helping to form person’s strongwilled qualities were used, including psychological and pedagogical methods. The results were obtained. They positively characterize applied psychological and pedagogical methods, which effectiveness was proved by the higher level of record achievements shown by the overwhelming majority of participants in the pedagogical experiment during the competitive activities implementation, as well as in the moral and volitional state rise when overcoming the competitive distance. It has been shown that the use of psychological and pedagogical activities together with autotraining contributes to the formation of an internal mood, the state of assemblage and eagerness to achieve one’s best result.
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Castillo de la Torre, Fernando. "State Action Defence in EC Competition Law." World Competition 28, Issue 4 (December 1, 2005): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2005026.
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The State action defence doctrine arises in cases of possible conflict between regulation and competition law, i.e. when regulation restricts competition. Which rules prevail? Is the undertaking responsible for behaviour which has been required by public regulations? EC Courts have shown a readiness to apply competition prohibitions in the presence of regulatory measures that simply facilitate or encourage the very same forbidden conduct, but they may find that the issue falls outside the scope of competition provisions when the Court is satisfied that the Member State has left no room for autonomous decisions by market participants. However, Member States are bound not to render ineffective antitrust prohibitions, as this would be a violation of Article 10 in combination with Articles 81 or 82 EC, and primacy of EC law over national law requires a national competition authority (NCA), in the course of an investigation under Article 81 EC into the conduct of undertakings, to be able to declare a national measure contrary to those provisions and, consequently, to disapply it. As regards the penalties which may be imposed on the undertakings concerned, if a national law precludes undertakings from engaging in autonomous conduct which prevents, restricts or distorts competition, the duty of NCAs to disapply such an anti-competitive law cannot expose the undertakings concerned to any penalties, either criminal or administrative, in respect of past conduct where the conduct was required by the law concerned. However, conduct after the NCA’s decision finding an infringement and disapplying such an anti-competitive national law has become definitive, can be penalised. If a national law merely encourages, or makes it easier for undertakings to engage in autonomous anti-competitive conduct, those undertakings remain subject to Articles 81 EC and 82 EC and may incur penalties, including in respect of conduct prior to the decision to disapply that national law. This case law still leaves a number of questions unanswered, and the scope of this defence is far from clear.
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Bakalinska, Olga, Olena Belianevych, and Olena Honcharenko. "Advocacy of Competition in the Mechanism of State Regulation of the Economy." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p425.
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The multifaceted competitive policy promotes awareness of the importance of competition by society, ensures maximum transparency of state regulation, reduces the level of corruption and increases public confidence within activities of the competition authorities, helps developing self-regulation of economic entities. At the same time the mechanism of state regulation and self-regulation has its own instruments for improving the efficiency of advocating competition. Research of their peculiarities, instruments, role and interaction are important directions of modern scientific investigations and the purpose of this article.In this article a comparative method to study is usedfor common and distinctive features of advocating of competition in different countries and Ukraine. The results show that it is extremely important to create a system for advocating of competition in order to inform society, protect the attained level of competition in entrepreneurial activity, prevent or suspend, and then stop the abuses of monopoly position, the anti-competitive concerted actions of business entities, the anti-competitive actions of state authorities and unfair competition. The experience of economically developed countries convincingly suggests that such practices have a positive effect on the functioning of the competitive environment in which the interaction of economic agents takes place. The results show that there was a gap in implementation of economic policy in Ukraine and there is a gap between legally established norms on the implementation of competition policy and the practice of their application. To a large extent, this is due to the lack of well-developed strategy for economic development in Ukraine and, accordingly, the strategy for the development of competition policy.
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Arruza, Jose Antonio, Saioa Telletxea, Lorena Gil de Montes, Silvia Arribas, Gloria Balagué, Jose Antonio Cecchini, and Robert J. Brustad. "Understanding the Relationship between Perceived Development of the Competition Plan and Sport Performance: Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and State Depression." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.304-314.
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The effectiveness of competition plans on athletes' performance outcomes was assessed while accounting for the mediating influence of state depression and self-efficacy. Competition plans reflect an integrated and personalized plan that consists of a set of decision-making rules based on the principles of self-control and self-efficacy development that are tailored to the specific demands of an upcoming competition in a given sport and highly individualized to take into account the specific qualities of the athlete. The relationship between the development of a competition plan and athletes' evaluations of their competitive outcomes was of interest. 11 elite athletes participating in 104 competitions involving 7 different sports participated. Results support the beneficial effect of a well-developed competition plan in affecting athletes' perceived performance; the relationship was mediated by state depression and self-efficacy Coaches and sport psychologists should devote increased attention to the development and refinement of athletes' precompetition performance plans while also considering participants' self-efficacy and mood characteristics.
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Redkva, Oksana, Olha Haran, and Liudmyla Prystupa. "DETERMINANTS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MODERN NATIONAL ECONOMIES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-265-273.
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The purpose of the article is to develop and systematize the theoretical foundations of state regulation of economic competition in Ukraine and to identify the priority vectors for the implementation of the national competition policy. Methodology. In the given work, the questions of the state regulation of economic competition in the national economy of Ukraine are considered through the prism of the indication of the purpose and role of state regulation in this area; through the definition of the system of participants in the competitive environment; through the factors that focused the competitive struggle between domestic producers are noted. Results. Our analysis allows us to assert that the leading role in the functioning of a healthy competitive environment belongs to a state that is able to create all the necessary preconditions for its proper development of competition in a rational economy and to ensure stable positions of economic entities by its economic and legal instruments. The development and improvement of the institutional and legal framework for the regulation of competition increase the competitiveness of the national economy. Practical implications. In the case, when the competition, regulated by law, achieves a balance between supply and demand, and ultimately between social needs and production. Its role is to provide an optimal balance of interests, prevent the acquisition of super-profits by business entities and ensure the standard level of goods’ quality and the necessary volumes of commodity content of the market. Under such conditions, the competitive activity of state bodies is aimed to create and develop a competitive environment, protecting competition, antimonopoly regulation in order to increase the competitiveness of economic entities, stimulating the efficiency of production, better meeting the needs of the consumer. Value/originality. The obtained theoretical and practical results illustrate the state of state regulation of economic competition in Ukraine, which allows predicting the main directions of improvement of mechanisms of influence on the competitive environment of the national economy.
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Creed, Benjamin, Huriya Jabbar, and Michael Scott. "Understanding Charter School Leaders’ Perceptions of Competition in Arizona." Educational Administration Quarterly 57, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 815–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x211037337.
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Purpose: School choice policies are expected to generate competition leading to improvement in school practices. However, little is known about how competition operates in public education—particularly in charter schools. This paper examines charter-school leaders’ competitive perception formation and the actions taken in response to competition. Research Methods: Using Arizona charter-school leaders’ responses to an original survey, Arizona Department of Education data, and the Common Core of Data, we examined the factors predicting the labeling of a school as a competitor. We estimated fixed effects logistic regression models which examine factors predicting the labeling of competitor schools and of top competitors. We used logistic regression models to understand charter-school leaders’ responses to competition. Findings: We find charter-school leaders in Arizona perceived at least some competition with other schools, and their perceptions vary by urbanicity. While distance between schools mattered generally for labeling a school as a competitor, distance did not factor into labeling “top competitor” schools. Student outcomes did not predict competition between schools, but student demographics were associated with labeling a school a competitor. Charter-school leaders responded to competition through changes in outreach and advertising rather than curriculum and instruction. Competitive responses were related to the respondent school’s quality and the level of perceived competition. Implications for Research and Practice: We found charter-school leaders perceive competition and respond by changing school practices. Responses typically focus on marketing activities over productive responses. The novel state-level analysis allows us to test the effects of local market conditions typically absent in the literature.
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Andreeva, Victoria, and Diana Karanauskienė. "PRECOMPETITIVE EMOTIONAL STATE OF DANCESPORT ATHLETES." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 105 (2017): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i105.19.
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Background. The paper deals with the precompetitive emotional state of dancesport athletes before competition. Research aim was to analyze pre-competition emotional state of dancesport athletes. Methods. The pre-competition emotional state of dancesport athletes was established using methods of in- depth interview and participant observation. The main reasons for different types of emotional states were identified, and finally, recommendations for athletes and coaches how to overcome immoderate anxiety interfering with good competition results were developed. Results. Precompetitive emotional state before competition may be described as a complex multi-faceted phenomenon which consists of different psychological categories such as: anxiety, arousal, stress, self-confidence, concentration. The results of the interviews and participant observation showed that precompetitive emotional states of the dancesport athletes were both positive and negative. Positive emotional state was shown by the majority of participants. There were found six reasons of positive emotional state and five reasons of negative emotional state as well. Conclusion. To overcome the negative emotional state or reinforce positive emotional state before the competitions it is suggested to listen to pleasant music, do breathing exercises or do the mental exercise. The choice depends on the personal characteristics of athletes.
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Čertický, Michal, and David Churchill. "The Current State of StarCraft AI Competitions and Bots." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v13i2.12961.
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Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games have become an increasingly popular test-bed for modern artificial intelligence techniques. With this rise in popularity has come the creation of several annual competitions, in which AI agents (bots) play the full game of StarCraft: Broodwar by Blizzard Entertainment. The three major annual StarCraft AI Competitions are the Student StarCraft AI Tournament (SSCAIT), the Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG) competition, and the Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE) competition. In this paper we will give an overview of the current state of these competitions, and the bots that compete in them.
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Serdiuk, O. S., and I. P. Petrova. "Institutional Support of Destructive Competition in Ukraine: State, Problems and Directions of Improvement." Management of Economy: Theory and Practice. Chumachenko’s Annals, no. 2021 (December 23, 2021): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/2221-1187.2021.202-225.
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The article analyzes the institutional support of destructive competition in Ukraine. The legal basis for the regulation of destructive competition in Ukraine is considered. It was found that antimonopoly law has been significantly improved and expanded by regulations. It is noted that despite all the achievements, the legislation on the regulation of destructive competition in comparison with foreign counterparts is quite young and requires consideration of specific factors that objectively exist in Ukraine. Indicators that characterize the level of destructive competition in Ukraine are analyzed. The most common violations of destructive competition are monopoly abuse, anti-competitive actions of the authorities, anti-competitive concerted actions of economic entities and unfair competition. Quantitative indicators for each type of destructive competition violations in Ukraine for 2014-2020 have been studied. Data in terms of economic activities are presented. The ratio of fines imposed by the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and fines paid for violations of the legislation on protection of economic competition in 2014-2020 is analyzed. The directions of improvement of institutes of restraint of destructive competition in Ukraine are offered. Keywords antimonopoly, destructive competition, institutions, institutional support, Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.
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Song, Jian, and Junpei Zhong. "Fuzzy Theory in the Prediction of Athletes' Competitive State Based on Information Security." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6554082.
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In today’s highly competitive market, a large number of high-tech products have been used by the athletesin various academic competitions. At present, a large number of athletes have used their own rigorous theories to predict the effects of modern games. In this study, the fuzzy theory calculation method based on information security is used to install related detection equipment on athletes. Through long-term data collection, the data is input into the computing system. After analysis, we can get the athlete’s body cycle, 6 days is a short cycle, 28 days is a medium cycle, and 128 days is a long cycle. Through the adjustment of training items and training time, the athlete’s competitive state can be adjusted to achieve good results in the competition. This article also tested and experimentally studied the differences in the emotions and mental states of the athletes in coping with the competition, and tested the mental states of the two groups of athletes before the start of the competition. The results showed that the data for active response, balanced response, and negative response were 36%, 32%, and 32%, respectively. Under the coach’s guidance and persuasion, the data on athletes’ coping styles from negative to positive has been significantly improved, reaching 67%. The experiments of this research prove that through the use of fuzzy theory based on information security and related high-tech equipment, it is possible to effectively predict and adjust the athlete’s competitive state. Before the arrival of important events, adjust the training intensity from the 6-day and 28-day cycles to make the athletes’ competitive state reach the expected excellent condition.
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Məzahir qızıCahangirli, Gülarə. "UNFAIR COMPETITION REGULATION IN AZERBAIJAN." SCIENTIFIC WORK 52, no. 03 (February 28, 2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/52/63-66.
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Gagarina, Irina V. "Methodological approaches to economic analysis in assessing the competitive situation at the market, applied by the competition authorities implementing state competition policy." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 5, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2019-5-3-204-217.
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Competitive situation assessment is typically the first essential stage of making regulatory act by competition authorities. Consequently, efficiency and effectiveness of competition authorities’ activity hinges on quality of carrying out analytical research. Analysis of competition situation as a stage of antimonopoly regulation is different from marketing research, as its aim is to answer the questions which must be solved on the level of enabling legislation. The procedure of research and methodological approaches to economic analysis are regulated and defined by the aims of law enforcement, and by specific character of sectoral market functioning. However, antimonopoly authority does not have a right to deviate from imposed requirements, otherwise regulatory act based on the results of competitive situation assessment can be invalidated. Nowadays, issues of applying methodological approaches to competitive situation assessment at the market as well as quality improvement of economy analysis and transparency of such work for society are on the front burner. The current article follows the paper “Means of competitive situation at the market assessment, applied by antimonopoly authority in the course of state competition policy” and it includes the characteristics of the stages of research, general and specific requirements of their applying, generalization of views concerning methodological approaches to economic analysis under every stage. Means of competitive situation at the market assessment has been represented in such arrangement for the first time. Provided research results can be used for scientific, practical, and educational purpose under such disciplines as “Competition Law” and “Competition Policy”.
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Nascimento-Carvalho, Bruno, João Eduardo Izaias, Ney Roberto de Jesus, Adriano Dos Santos, Thália Leticia Brito Nascimento, Marcio Flavio Ruaro, Katia Bilhar Scapini, and Iris Callado Sanches. "Relationship between mood state and cardiac autonomic modulation in jiu-jitsu fighters in the pre- and post-competitive period: A pilot study." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exerc&iacute cio 20, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v20i4.4445.
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Aim: To characterize the changes in body composition, mood state and cardiac autonomic modulation in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) of athletes in the pre- and post-competitive periods. Methods: Eight male athletes were evaluated in 3 moments: 14 days and 1 day before the fight, and 2 days after the competition. Evaluations of body composition, mood state, and cardiac autonomic modulation were performed. The repeated measures Anova test, Pearson and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis (p < 0.05). Results: We observed reductions in anger (6.80 ± 1.69 vs. 4.20 ± 1.67 vs. 3.40 ± 1.07) and tension (6.60 ± 0.81 vs. 5.40 ± 0.75 vs. 2.60 ± 0.88) after competition. Vigor was reduced one day before the competition and remained the same two days after the competition (12.80 ± 1.60 vs. 10.00 ± 1.95 vs. 10.40 ± 1.03). In addition, there was an increase in sympathetic modulation (LF-PI: 2942 ± 655.3 vs. 5479 ± 2035 vs. 5334 ± 2418 abs). There was a positive correlation between the state of vigor and sympathetic modulation (r = 0.55), a negative correlation between the states of depression and sympathetic modulation (r = -0.68) and confusion and sympathetic modulation (r = -0.67). Conclusion: These findings raised concerns about the preparation of these athletes for competitions since changes in the state of vigor might reduce performance and increase cardiovascular risk.
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Järvisalo, Matti, Daniel Le Berre, Olivier Roussel, and Laurent Simon. "The International SAT Solver Competitions." AI Magazine 33, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v33i1.2395.
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The International SAT Solver Competition is today an established series of competitive events aiming at objectively evaluating the progress in state-of-the-art procedures for solving Boolean satisfiability (SAT) instances. Over the years, the competitions have significantly contributed to the fast progress in SAT solver technology that has made SAT a practical success story of computer science. This short article provides an overview of the SAT solver competitions.
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Nikolić, Ljubica. "State aid and fair competition." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 88 (2020): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-26740.
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State aid (giving economic advantage to certain economic entities or groups of economic entities by granting subsidies and loans under more favorable conditions, state guarantees, tax breaks and tax exemptions, selling public property under particularly favorable conditions, etc.) may be economically justifiable but entails the risk of distortions of market competition. The EU has strict rules in the area of providing and controlling state aid, which aim to minimize state aid while minimizing competition. Fulfilling some of the commitments undertaken in the EU accession process, the Republic of Serbia passed the State Aid Control Act in 2009, which ceased to be valid with the adoption of a new State Aid Control Act in 2019. The share of state aid in Serbia's GDP is substantial but insufficiently transparent, which justifiably raises the issue of its impact on fair competition. The reform of the Serbian state aid policy is necessary, first and foremost, in order to significantly reduce this aid and to properly select the beneficiaries. The starting point for an effective state aid policy is legal regulation and its implementation but, above all, the genuine independence and responsibility of the institutions in charge of controlling its implementation. It is necessary to find modalities that will ensure that the general interest and economic efficiency are above individual interests. This paper aims to promote awareness about the impact of state aid on economic efficiency, to analyze the legal solutions and the institutional framework in this field in Serbia, and to present the EU state aid policy. The emergence of excessive, improperly selective and uncontrolled state aid can have profound negative consequences on social well-being, for which reason it is necessary to properly standardize and implement the rules envisaged in this area of law.
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Middlemas, Keith. "Power, competition and the state." Contemporary Record 5, no. 3 (December 1991): 519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619469108581192.
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Burnett, C. Joseph, Chia Li, Emily Webber, Eva Tsaousidou, Stephen Y. Xue, Jens C. Brüning, and Michael J. Krashes. "Hunger-Driven Motivational State Competition." Neuron 92, no. 1 (October 2016): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.032.
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Bosanquet, Nick. "Voluntary Competition for State Services." Economic Affairs 6, no. 3 (February 1986): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1986.tb01744.x.
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POTAPOVA, M., V. TALAKH, and L. OPANASENKO. "Assessment of the State of Competition in Ukraine by the Results of a Survey of Domestic Enterprises." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.4.2019.02.
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Formation and implementation of the state competition policy requires a clear understanding of the current state of the competitive environment, and the effectiveness of previous measures taken by the government.
The article studies the state of the competitive environment in Ukraine based on the results of a survey of business executives, conducted annually by the Centre of Complex Research in Antimonopoly Policy. Responses of the executives allow assessing the degree of competition in the business environment. The survey finds that in Ukraine domestic competition is more important than competition from foreign companies.
Although significant and moderate competition from domestic and foreign firms was felt by 73.5% and 35.3% of respondents, respectively, only 25.6% and 15.1% noted that competition resulted in lower prices and costs. Therefore, nowadays the most acute problem is not so much the presence of competition in domestic markets, but the effectiveness of competition policy.
The survey conducted a research of respondents' assessment of the level of dominance in the region using the method of the World Economic Forum.
A quarter of respondents said in 2019 that competition policy in their region was partially effective and stimulated competition in individual market segments.
The results of the study showed an improvement in the enterprises' evaluation of the effectiveness of the state competition policy, which includes, first of all, the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.
The analysis can be used in the development of competition policy documents.
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Vallati, Mauro, Lukas Chrpa, Marek Grześ, Thomas Leo McCluskey, Mark Roberts, Scott Sanner, and Managing Editor. "The 2014 International Planning Competition: Progress and Trends." AI Magazine 36, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i3.2571.
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We review the 2014 International Planning Competition (IPC-2014), the eighth in a series of competitions starting in 1998. IPC-2014 was held in three separate parts to assess state-of-the-art in three prominent areas of planning research: the deterministic (classical) part (IPCD), the learning part (IPCL), and the probabilistic part (IPPC). Each part evaluated planning systems in ways that pushed the edge of existing planner performance by introducing new challenges, novel tasks, or both. The competition surpassed again the number of competitors than its predecessor, highlighting the competition’s central role in shaping the landscape of ongoing developments in evaluating planning systems.
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Cooley, Eric J. "Situational and Trait Determinants of Competitive State Anxiety." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3 (June 1987): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3.767.
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53 participants in a weekend tennis tournament completed the Competitive Short Form of the State Anxiety Inventory and questions about the specific situation (e.g., their chance of winning, presence of an audience) immediately before playing a tournament match. Immediately after the match participants completed outcome measures (e.g., win/loss, the impact of tension upon their performance). Two trait anxiety measures were given in a follow-up. Competitive trait anxiety from the Sport Competition Anxiety Test was the best predictor of state anxiety. Perceived chance of winning was the only situational factor which was significantly related to state anxiety. Match outcome was also more closely related to competitive trait anxiety than to state anxiety or generalized trait anxiety. The trait-anxiety measure which focused upon competition was a more useful predictor of state anxiety than the generalized measure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
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Lagutina, E. S. "The Competition State Today: from the National to the Global Interests." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 3 (December 15, 2015): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2015-3-128-137.
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The Competition State is often defined as an advanced state taking control of the economy as a basis for ensuring the establishment of a competitive market environment, rather than the planned and command intervention. Such a state becomes an agent of global competition. According to P. Cerny, the market-oriented environment is the main requirement for the achievement of economic growth for country seeking to develop its social policy. Today, the purpose of government intervention is to create a well-functioning market, and state support of competition is an important mean of achieving this goal.
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Martyniszyn, Marek. "Foreign States Entanglement in Anticompetitive Conduct." World Competition 40, Issue 2 (June 1, 2017): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2017018.
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Transnational competition cases pose numerous challenges – from accessing foreign-based evidence to effectively enforcing decisions or judgments in their aftermath. Some of such cases are quite special in that the underlying conduct involves or implicates a foreign State. This article makes an original contribution to the scholarship by filling the existing gap and developing a typology of State’s entanglement in conduct causing competitive harm abroad. It also examines the way in which foreign State’s involvement or implication can be addressed in the adversely affected forum. Moreover, the key broader considerations which need to inform policies and approaches towards such cases are identified and evaluated. It is argued that competitive harm resulting from commercial dealings should be pursued under competition laws regardless of the character of the parties involved, unless there are overriding reasons justifying abstention. States should not enjoy immunity for competitive harm resulting from their commercial dealings. Agencies and courts in the affected fora should strive to clarify this matter. A clear State’s policy on dealing with inbound competitive harm may also make foreign partners more receptive to concerns about policies which facilitate competitive harm which they may be pursuing.
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Varlamova, A. N., and A. V. Molchanov. "Goals and objectives of the state competition policy and competition law at the present stage." Russian competition law and economy, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2019-4-36-41.
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The achievement of national goals is inextricably linked to the development of competition provided by state competition policy and competition law. Dialectics of interrelation of national projects, state policy on development of competition and competition law is capable to provide achievement of the national purposes directed on complex development of social and economic relations in interests of society and the state.
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Swain, Austin, and Graham Jones. "Relationships between Sport Achievement Orientation and Competitive State Anxiety." Sport Psychologist 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.1.42.
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This study examined the relationship between sport achievement orientation and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence in a sample of male (n=60) track and field athletes. Subjects responded to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) on five occasions during the precompetition period and also completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ). Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were employed in order to determine whether any of the SOQ subscales emerged as significant predictors of the CSAI-2 subscale scores. The dominant predictor to emerge for each anxiety subcomponent was the competitiveness subscale. The subjects were then dichotomized into high and low groups of competitiveness by means of the median-split technique. Two-way analyses of variance revealed significant group by time-to-competition interactions for both cognitive and somatic anxiety. In the case of cognitive anxiety, the high competitive group exhibited no change across time; the low competitive group showed a progressive increase as the competition neared. Findings for somatic anxiety revealed that the low competitive group reported an earlier elevation in the somatic response. Significant main effects of both time-to-event and group (but no interaction) were found for self-confidence. The findings revealed that the high competitive group, although reporting higher levels of self-confidence throughout the experimental period, reported reduced self-confidence on the day of competition; in the low competitive group, self-confidence remained stable. These results suggest that the precompetition temporal patterning of the multidimensional anxiety subcomponents differ as a function of competitiveness.
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Glazova, E., and M. Stepanova. "Prices: Market Mechanism and State Regulation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2011): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-10-40-50.
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The article examines the role of state regulation of prices – indirect or direct – with the aim to create a competitive environment (if it is absent) or to strengthen competition with its imperfections in order to eliminate those violations of market pricing mechanism which the market itself cannot resolve.
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Mazahir Cahangirli, Gulara. "PRECONDITIONS FOR UNFAIR COMPETITION AND THE PROBLEM OF ITS STATE REGULATION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/53-56.
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Davydovich, Anna, E. Vorobey, and N. Savel'eva. "Medical Services Market of Krasnodar Region: State Support and Assessment of the Competitive Environment." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-37-43.
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The article considers the institutional and legal instruments of state support for competition in the market of medical services in the Krasnodar region. The assessment of the state of the competitive environment in the market of medical services of the region by business entities in order to identify administrative and economic barriers that limit healthy competition in the market of medical services, offers to eliminate restrictions. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the competitive environment in the market of medical services of the Krasnodar region by business entities in order to identify administrative and economic barriers that limit healthy competition in the market of medical services, to present proposals for their elimination of restrictions. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: • to consider the institutional mechanisms that stimulate the development of competition in the market of medical services in the Krasnodar region; • to assess the state of the competitive environment in the market of medical services in the region based on the results of surveys of business entities; • identify administrative and economic barriers that limit healthy competition in the market of medical services in the region; • submit proposals to eliminate restrictions on the market of medical services in the Krasnodar region. When compiling a review of literature sources on the research topic, the method of content analysis was used. Analytical results of monitoring the state of the competitive environment in the market of medical services in the Krasnodar region were obtained using statistical and sociological research methods-a survey and survey of entrepreneurs. The results obtained during the research will be useful in the development of strategic documents and initiatives in the field of state support for competition in the market of medical services in the Krasnodar region.
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Karteroliotis, Constantine, and Diane L. Gill. "Temporal Changes in Psychological and Physiological Components of State Anxiety." Journal of Sport Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 1987): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.9.3.261.
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This study examined the relationships of cognitive worry, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence—all components of the CSAI-2 (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2)—to each other, to physiological measures, and to motor performance prior to, during, and after competition. In addition, the prediction that only somatic anxiety increases prior to competition was examined. Forty-one undergraduate males competed in a motor task while the experimenter monitored heart rate and blood pressure responses. Each subject competed against a confederate for 10 experimental trials and completed the CSAI-2 prior to, during, and after the competition. The results confirmed the multidimensional nature of the state anxiety construct and provided evidence for the independence of cognitive worry and somatic anxiety. However, both dimensions followed similar temporal patterns prior to and during competition. Finally, the results confirmed the nonsignificant relationship between psychological and physiological measures of anxiety.
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Ramaiah, Angayar Kanni. "The Competition Neutrality in Malaysia: Challenges and Policy Options." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14432.
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Competition law (CL) prevents anti-competitive conducts but does not ensure fair competition or level playing field with respect to State-Owned enterprises (SOEs). Hence, the principle of competitive neutrality promotes that government related business activities in competition with the private sector should not have a competitive advantage or disadvantage simply by virtue of government ownership and control (UNCTAD). Therefore, specific policies and legal rules is essential for achieving competitive neutrality. The Malaysian, Competition Act 2010 (CA2010) subjectively restricts and excludes some government linked enterprises. However, the some economic or, legal policy and political reasons limits CLs applicability and dictates its scope subjectively. In these context exemptions, de facto or de jure, direct or indirect state aid and restrictive licensing requirements impairs competition to benefit the domestic economy or national champion. This practice impacts the true spirit of market competition among rivals. Although Malaysian SOEs recognised as government’s toolbox for societal and public value creation but its future should to be more actively owned and managed to avoid competing unfairly on enterprises that can deliver more efficiently and effectively the goods and services that citizens need and want. In this context, three principal questions from the international trade perspective is analysed on (1) How important is state ownership within Malaysian context (2) What types of advantages should be granted to SOEs (or disadvantages afflicting them) and (3) What policies required to enhance effective competition among all market participants? The paper reviews the state of SOE with respect to exemptions and exclusions policy with respect to governance, independent decision-making, accountability and disclosure policy to improvise the level playing scope between SOE and private sector within the competition law perspective in Malaysia.
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Rozumeі, Svitlana, and Kseniia Semidey. "COMPETITION STATE ESTIMATION AT THE MARKET OF FAT-AND-OIL PRODUCTION OF UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 29(2) (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.02.087.
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Introduction. The active state of competition environment is determined by the counter-force of competitors to draw customers. Indicators determination that characterize the state of competition at the market give an opportunity for market players to make good decisions for all participants. Purpose. The article aims to determine the state of competition at the fat-and-oil production market of Ukraine according to the given approaches with the use of “large numbers law” and formulation of recommendations of further industry development. Method (methodology). The general scientific and empirical methods of scientific research have been used in this article. They are the system method, method of generalization and description. Results. In order to estimate the competitive situation of fat-and-oil market in Ukraine the market share of competitors has been determined. The market concentration index, four-particle index of concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and Rosenbluet Index have been calculated. During the research of competitive indicators, it has been determined the necessity to apply “large numbers law” for defining the shares of large number of small enterprises in the market, without losing accuracy and correct calculations of competitive indicators. Investigation of competition indicators of fat-and-oil products in Ukraine in 2016-2017 showed the market had not been monopolized. Its main characteristics are low concentration and high intensity of competition. This situation meets interests of all participants of the market and needs the same support in future.
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Albers, Michael. "Achieving Competitive Neutrality Step-By-Step." World Competition 41, Issue 4 (December 1, 2018): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2018028.
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States are not only rule makers, they also are purchasers and often also suppliers of goods and services. However, the state is not a purchaser or supplier like any other. It may enjoy competitive advantages other market participants do not have. The concept of competitive neutrality addresses the problem of distortions of competition caused by state activity on markets. This article lists thirteen consecutive steps, which are clustered in three distinct groups, to improve the conditions of competition on markets where private enterprises are active as purchasers or suppliers next to the state.They reach from creating more awareness of competition-distorting state measures and the prevention of new distortions to the removal of distortions.
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Bondarenko, I. V. "Competitive environment as a strategic factor in the region’s entrepreneurial climate." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2019-1-24-33.
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This article considers the economic category “competitive environment” as a factor in forming the entrepreneurial climate, presents theoretical approaches to the definition of this category, assesses the state of the competitive environment in the Novosibirsk region based on the competition intensity rating and survey of entrepreneurs, identifies some problems in the implementation of state competition policy in the Novosibirsk region and proposed a mechanism to improve the performance of measures of regional authorities to create high-quality competitive environment.
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Pavlenko, Nataliia, Tetiana Chelombitko, and Olena Cherniaieva. "THEORY AND PRACTICE OF UNFAIR COMPETITION IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.025.
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The article considers the concept of fair and unfair competition from the point of view of different scientists. Concepts and types of measures that contradict trade and other fair business practices are revealed, namely: illegal use of the business reputation of the business entity, creation of obstacles in the competitive process and achievement of illegal competitive advantage and collection, disclosure and use of trade secrets. characteristics of these instructions. The essence of the influence of various factors on the conditions of development of competitive positions in the economy of Ukraine is revealed. The state policy on restriction of monopoly and development of competition as an integral part of internal economic and social policy of the state is considered. An analysis of the dynamics of the main structural competitive conditions in the economy of Ukraine. The number and structure of terminated violations of unfair competition are explained. The main goals and objectives of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, directions of antimonopoly policy are established. The directions of improvement of activity of bodies of the Antimonopoly committee concerning regulation of consequences of non-price competition in Ukraine are established. It should be noted that one of the methods of protection against unfair competition is to conduct antitrust activities, ie the activities of individual companies (legal entities and individuals) aimed at creating and maintaining a competitive environment, especially competitive relations. The mechanisms of protection against unfair competition provided by the current legislation of Ukraine are stated. The factors influencing the choice of methods to protect the company from unfair competition are identified. The main problems of introduction of the EU competition legislation into the legislation of Ukraine are analyzed. In particular, it is noted that in order to deepen relations with the EU, regulatory norms must be improved in accordance with European standards. In analyzing the rules of competition law, their complexity is highlighted and it is emphasized that the competition law of Ukraine contains rules, categories and institutions of several branches of law governing relations of different content using the rules of substantive and procedural law.
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Egorov, A. "Competition and competitive power of enterprises in 2020-2021." Russian Economic Barometer, no. 3 (2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-0390-2021-3-3-16.
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The article presents the results of the survey about competitiveness held by the REB among the Russian industrial managers, who assessed the level of competitiveness of their production and level of intensity of competition; evaluate the markets where their production is competitive; estimate the factors negatively affecting competitiveness both on the side of enterprises and on the side of economic policy of the state. The article examines the role of the state in increasing competitiveness, as well as the degree of impact of sanctions and coronavirus on competitiveness. The data are presented for entire 22-year period of surveys on competitiveness, but special attention is paid to the trends of 2020-2021.
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Majeed, Muhammad Ansar, Chao Yan, and Muhammad Zubair Tauni. "How does competition shape managerial decisions? Product market competition and financial statement comparability." Management Decision 56, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 2437–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0319.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of competitive pressure on financial statements’ comparability (comparability) by analyzing various dimensions of competition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors study the effect of competition on comparability using the comparability measure of De Francoet al.(2011) and various proxies for competition, competition from existing/potential rivals and non-price competition (NPC).FindingsThis study documents that competition is positively associated with comparability, and this effect is more (less) pronounced for industry followers (leaders). The authors also document that competition from existing rivals enhances comparability, but competition from potential entrants does not. Moreover, NPC is also a significant determinant of comparability. Furthermore, the competition from existing/potential rivals plays no significant role in the production of comparable financial statements in state-owned enterprises. The results are robust to alternative measures of comparability and methodological approaches.Originality/valueThis study is the first empirical study that documents a new channel (comparability) through which competition affects financial statements. The findings support the argument that competitive pressure acts as a governance mechanism, disciplines management and increases comparability leading to lower information asymmetry (governance view). However, the findings contest the argument that higher competition motivates managers to withhold information (proprietary cost hypothesis). By examining the effect of state ownership, this study might also help to characterize the effects of changes in corporate objectives on managerial decisions related to financial reporting.
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Lasha Mgeladze, Lasha Mgeladze. "Competition in the fuel market myth or reality." New Economist 17, no. 02 (January 6, 2023): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec17022022-23.
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The paper concerns the current situation in the Georgian fuel market. The situation in the relevant market over the last ten years has been analyzed. Studies and Monitoring documents and studies conducted by relevant market regulatory bodies are reviewed. The trends are highlighted,what results can be brought by the actions taken in the direction of establishing a competitive environment; The steps taken by the state institutions are outlined and evaluated in relation to increasing the effectiveness of competitive conditions in the relevant market; Conclusions and recommendations have been formed as a result of processing the obtained information, the analysis of the researches carried out by the state institutions regarding the market and the mutual summation of the identifies trends; How coordinated the state apparatus is in the direction of improving the competitive environment; How effective are the steps taken, how precisely the conducted studies reflect the reality; and recommendations are offered, both, specifically in the direction of improving competition in the fuel market, as well as institutional or functional improvement of competitive environment. In order to make the perception of the situation more clearly visible, the market of the state procurement of fuel is reviewed and analyzed in relation to the general picture obtained. Finally, the conclusion, together with the recommendations, states that the competition on the fuel market is more of a myth than a reality, as a number of issues are still unclear and need to be clarified. Keywords - Competition, fuel market, state regulation, concentration, State procurement, Consolidated tender
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Hash, Phillip M. "Tournaments of the Michigan State Band Association: 1877–1884." Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 40, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536600617706362.
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This study examined the history of band tournaments governed by the Michigan State Band Association (MSBA), beginning with the first competition in 1877 and ending with the disbandment of the Association and tournaments in 1884. The research focused specifically on the (a) organization, rules, and procedures of the tournaments; (b) details surrounding the individual competitions held throughout the state; and (c) influence of the tournaments on local culture, participating ensembles, and future band activities in Michigan. The first Michigan State Band Tournament met in Port Huron in June 1877. Festivities included parades, massed performances, and competitions for prizes consisting of silver cups, cash, and new instruments. To ensure equal opportunity among the ensembles, bands were divided into classifications based at first on size and instrumentation and then on ability. Officials added a solo cornet contest in 1878 and expanded this event to other instruments the following year. In 1879, bandmasters met at Lansing to organize the MSBA to standardize rules, select the location of the annual competition, and ensure fairness among participants. The Association and tournaments ended six years later, probably because of the failure of the competitions to generate a profit for the sponsors.
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Ng, Wendy. "State Interest and the State-Centered Approach to Competition Law in China." Antitrust Bulletin 65, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x20912889.
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There have long been concerns and speculation that China’s competition authorities are using the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) to pursue public interest objectives and prioritizing them over competition. This article explores whether and how public interest factors are relevant to the administrative enforcement of the AML. It shows that, rather than public interest, it is “state interest” and China’s state-centered approach to competition law that more aptly explains the AML and its administrative enforcement.
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Tosun, Mehmet Serkan, and Mark Skidmore. "Interstate Competition and State Lottery Revenues." National Tax Journal 57, no. 2, Part 1 (June 2004): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2004.2.01.
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Yasko, Y. "INSTITUTIONAL PROVIDING OF STATE COMPETITION POLICY." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 19-20 (November 5, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2020.19-20.74.
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Monti, Mario. "How state aid affects tax competition." EC Tax Review 8, Issue 4 (December 1, 1999): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta1999053.
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Feigert, Frank B. "Postwar Changes in State Party Competition." CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs 15, no. 1 (1985): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3329947.
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Bova, Francesco, and Liyan Yang. "State-Owned Enterprises, Competition, and Disclosure." Contemporary Accounting Research 35, no. 2 (June 2018): 596–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12412.
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