Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'State competition'
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Horsfall, Daniel Gary. "From competition state to competition states? : an empirical exploration." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1607/.
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The competition state thesis has for twenty years sought to make sense of the profound changes in the global economy and explain the impacts of globalisation on both the nation state and the welfare state. That the thesis is still consistently cited by scholars stands as testament to the power of its central messages and the fact that the authors have revisited and revised their work so as to keep pace with an ever changing world. At a time when governments around the world are implementing ‘austerity budgets’ to address a series of profound financial crises, the core arguments made by Cerny and Evans appear extremely pertinent. Gone they say are the days of the welfare state, created as it was to serve citizens bound by bonds of solidarity forged in the war. Here to stay are the days of the competition state, brought into being to serve the global economy in which citizens exist in a more atomised society, joined to one another by weak bonds of mutuality. While the arguments advanced within the competition state thesis ring true and hold much persuasive power, their focus on only a small collection of nations and the limited body of systematic empirical evidence with which they are supported represent an obvious and addressable flaw. This thesis sets out to provide a rigorous empirical investigation of the competition state and through the use of quantitative and qualitative methods uncovers much to support the work of Cerny and Evans. The competition state can indeed be evidenced through the application of empirical research, but it doesn’t necessarily take the form we might expect. Indeed it does not merely take one form and maybe, just maybe, offers a glimmer of hope for the welfare state it is meant to replace.
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Glowicka, Elzbieta. "State aid and competition policy." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15798.
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Die Regierungen in der Europäischen Union retten Unternehmen in Schwierigkeiten durch staatliche Rettungs- und Umstrukturierungsbeihilfen. Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei Kapiteln, die solche Beihilfen analysieren. Im ersten Kapitel nutze ich Daten von 86 Fällen aus den Jahren 1995-2003 um zu prüfen, wie wirksam die Beihilfen bei der Konkursprävention sind. Es gibt drei Ergebnisse. Erstens steigt die geschätzte diskrete hazard rate in den ersten vier Jahren nach der Subvention und sinkt danach, was nahelegt, dass einige Sanierungen den Konkurs eher verzögern als verhindern. Zweitens, Regierungen favorisieren staatliche Unternehmen bei Beihilfeentscheidungen, obwohl diese keine besseren Überlebenschancen haben. Drittens, die Wahl, ob Rettungs- oder Umstrukturierungsbeihilfe gewärt wird, ist eine endogene Variable in der Analyse. Wenn man sie als exogen betrachtet, unterschätzt man die Auswirkungen auf die Konkurswahrscheinlichkeit. Das zweite Kapitel ist eine Studie über die Auswirkungen von Bailouts auf Marktstruktur und Wohlfahrt in einem internationalen, asymmetrischen Cournot -- Duopol. Es wird gezeigt, dass die optimale Beihilfe positiv ist, auch wenn der Marktaustritt einer Firma nicht verhindert werden kann. Der Grund hierfür ist ein strategischer Effekt, der die effizientere Firma zu einer zusätzlichen kostenreduzierenden Maßnahme veranlasst. Wird der Marktaustritt verhindert, ist Effizienz geringer. Das dritte Kapitel enthält empirische Belege der politischen, institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Determinanten der Sanierungsubventionspolitik. Ich nutze einen neuen Datensatz über Entscheidungen über Rettungs- und Umstrukturierungsbeihilfen während der Jahre 1995-2003 zusammen mit Informationen über Wahlergebnisse in den Europäischen Ländern. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist, dass die Beihilfen in Ländern mit Mehrheitswahlsystem wahrscheinlicher sind, insbesondere während der Jahre vor Wahlen.Governments in the European Union bail out firms in distress by granting Rescue and Restructuring Subsidies. This thesis consists of three chapters analyzing European bailouts. In the first chapter, I use data from 86 cases during the years 1995-2003 to examine the effectiveness of bailouts in preventing bankruptcy. The results are threefold. First, the estimated discrete-time hazard rate increases during the first four years after the subsidy and drops after that, suggesting that some bailouts only delayed exit instead of preventing it. Second, governments'' bailout decisions favored state-owned firms, even though state-owned firms did not outperform private ones in the survival chances. Third, subsidy choice is an endogenous variable and treating it as exogenous underestimates its impact on the bankruptcy probability. Policy implications are discussed in the chapter. The second chapter is a study of the effects of bailouts on market structure and welfare in an international asymmetric Cournot duopoly. I show that the subsidy is positive also when it fails to prevent the exit. The reason is a strategic effect, which forces the more efficient firm to make additional cost-reducing effort. When the exit is prevented, allocative and productive efficiencies are lower than in case of exit. The third chapter provides evidence of political, institutional and economic determinants of bailout policies. I use a new data set based on rescue and restructuring aid decisions during the years 1995-2003 merged with information about electoral outcomes in European countries. The main finding is that in countries with majoritarian democratic institutions bailouts are more likely, in particular during years preceding elections. Since bailouts are a targeted fiscal policy, the evidence supports the theory of Persson and Tabellini (2000) predicting that electoral systems shape incentives for fiscal policy choices.
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Lewis, Hilary A. (Hilary Ann). "The Rhode Island state house--the competition (1890-1892)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75994.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122).
This is a study of the design competition for the new State House in Providence, Rhode Island, which began in 1890 and ended in 1892. The competition was supervised by the Rhode Island State House Commission, a body formed by the legislature and presided over by former Rhode Island Governor Herbert W. Ladd. The Commission was initiated in January 1890 and began meetings in May 1890. The competition ran in two parts. First local Rhode Island architects were invited to compete and then a group of nationally known architects were brought in to compete with three of the Rhode Island firms. The interest in this building and the competition which led to its construction lies in the style of the completed building and in who was selected to design it. McKim, Mead & White were the winners of the competition and they produced a design (and eventually a building) which is a monument to the then new trend in American classicism which became popularized through the vehicle of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. This building represents the ideals of the "City Beautiful", or "White City", movement which grew out of the influence of the Fair on the American Public. The study seeks to show how a small group of architects, which included McKim, Mead & White, had the correct social and professional connections to obtain such monumental projects as the Rhode Island State House. It is hoped that the story of the State House's competition will shed light on how the small elite which ruled American architecture in the 1890's was able to maintain their control.
by Hilary A. Lewis.
M.S.
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Kuang, Lei. "Competition policy and state-owned enterprises in contemporary China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20463.
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This thesis explores, first, the evolvement and implementation of competition policy in China, where a competition culture was largely missing for decades; and second, the extent to which the government has resolved the inherent contradiction between preserving state control and promoting competition. The main aim is to evaluate how a competition law, which is essentially a product of capitalist free market economy, is being applied in China, a socialist country where predominant state-owned enterprises (SOEs) together with their owner – the Chinese government – generate the most distortions to market competition. To achieve this aim, the thesis studies, first, the ongoing economic transition and the historical development of Chinese competition policy; second, the prolonged drafting process of the Anti- Monopoly Law (AML); third, the substantive and institutional aspects of the enforcement of the AML, and the outstanding problems of the current competition system; and fourth, the role of the government in the interplay between competition policy and SOEs. The thesis also studies the European Union (EU) competition regime, which had substantial influence on the adoption of the AML and the design of China’s competition system. This discussion intends to use the experiences of the EU in modernising its competition system and in handling competition-related issues involving public enterprises to provide some meaningful answers to certain problems concerning the application of the AML and to possible reform of competition system in China.
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Margetts, Dee. "Competition policy, State Agreements Acts and the public interest." Thesis, Margetts, Dee (2001) Competition policy, State Agreements Acts and the public interest. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51210/.
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This thesis will examine the relationship between National Competition Policy in Australia, the State Agreement Acts that are the centerpieces of resources development policy in Western Australia, and the public interest.
The specific issues covered in this thesis are that:
•National Competition Policy has had problems in its scope and implementation, and that these may be demonstrated by an assessment of Western Australia’s State Agreements in relation to National Competition Policy;
•On the basis of three case studies examined in this thesis, the State Agreement Acts in Western Australia would fail to meet the public interest tests set by National Competition Policy;
•The review of the State Agreement Acts required under National Competition Policy was inadequate.
Chapter 1 provides the rational and scope of the study. Chapter 2 sets out Competition Policy, its historical and theoretical basis, the link between trade policies and Competition Policy, some international perspectives of Competition Policy and the specific way National Competition Policy (NCP) evolved in Australia. Chapter 3 examines the structure and features of NCP. Chapter 4 outlines State Agreement Acts, what they are, their history and their significance in considering NCP. The common features of State Agreement Acts and major revenue and accountability issues associated with State Agreement Acts will be identified. Chapter 5 assesses the relationship between NCP and State Agreement Acts. In particular, it sets out at the NCP legislative review process and the anti-competitive issues and potential problems of competitive neutrality within State Agreement Acts. It also considers the concept of the public interest in relation to State Agreement Acts. Chapter 6 considers the case for reform of State Agreement Acts within the wider context of industry assistance at Commonwealth and State levels. Chapters 7,8 and 9 present three case studies of specific Development Agreements: the Wood Chipping Industry Agreement; the Iron and Steel (Mid West) Agreement; and the Silicon (Kemerton) Agreement, in terms of their relationship to the principles and policies of NCP. Finally, Chapter 10 presents the summary and conclusions.
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Van, Wyk Bianca Idalina. "State-owned entities and the impact on competition law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60110.
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The South African Competition Act 89 of 1998, as amended addresses an array of principles
and issues surrounding competition policy. However, it has become apparent that the Act
remains silent regarding state-aid and moreover state owned entities in relation to competition
law. This paper analyses the development of competition policy within South Africa and the
origins of state-owned entities and state aid. The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether
state-owned entities encourage, strengthen or diminish the concept and purpose of
competition. Furthermore, a comparative analysis will be done between South Africa and
current and previous Member States of the European Union in an attempt to decipher whether
state-owned entities are efficiently regulated and utilised to promote the objectives set out in
the Competition Act. Lastly, this study will include possible recommendations which are on
par with global trends or models as to how state-owned entities and state aid should be
administered within the Republic.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Van, der Westhuizen Janis. "Malaysia, South Africa and the marketing of the competition state, globalization and states' response." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ49296.pdf.
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Montgomery, Charlie. "The State Business Incentives Arms Race: Which States Participate?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1008.
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State and local governments forfeit over $80 billion in tax revenue each year in order to incentivize businesses to expand operations and create jobs in, relocate to, or refrain from leaving their states. The use of tax incentives has expanded massively during recent decades to include all states and a range of industries. Targeted tax incentives are proven to be an inefficient method of promoting economic growth and job creation, because of the negative impact of public spending cuts that offset the decline in revenue. There is a large disparity between states that do offer large amounts of incentives and those that do not that remains largely unexplained in the literature. Using cross-sectional data from the New York Times, I examine whether this disparity is associated with the political economy or geography of the states, or if it is largely random. I find little support for the political economy and geography hypotheses. A lack of support for the first two hypotheses suggests that the use of business tax incentives is largely random at the state level. I conclude by examining the viability of several proposals for limiting the use of business incentives and suggest more data collection and further research into potential solutions.
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Wong, Kam. "Public transport competition between bus and rail." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3159475X.
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Porter, Tony (Anthony) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Inter-state and private regimes in global finance." Ottawa, 1992.
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Johnson, Lynn Christine 1976. "Yardstick Competition : an empirical investigation using state taxes and media markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87527.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 21-22).
I investigate whether voters judge the performance of their governor on taxes by comparing him to governors from neighboring states. If voters do make these comparisons, it creates "yardstick competition," where governors are competing with each other as they set taxes. Previous research has shown that governors are punished at the ballot box for raising taxes. However, Besley and Case (AER 1995) find that if governors in neighboring states have also raised taxes the voters are more forgiving. Besley and Case speculate that voters know what is happening in other states through the media. My hypothesis is that if yardstick competition exists, then voters exposed to television from a neighboring state should be influenced by tax changes in that state. For example, there are some counties in eastern Arkansas where voters are watching Tennessee television stations and some in southern Arkansas where they are watching Louisiana television stations. By comparing the voting patterns in these counties in the Arkansas gubernatorial election, I can see if there is any influence coming from the taxes set by the neighboring state. I control for the typical partisan leanings of the county as measured by presidential and senatorial votes in nearby years. Therefore I incorporate county voting data for every election from 1960 to 2000, and I use tax data from the NBER TAXSIM program and other sources. I find only very limited evidence in support of yardstick competition. Specifically, voters seem to make yardstick comparisons for the personal income tax when both governors are Democrats. This may be consistent with a theory where voters can only judge whether a tax increase was warranted when they are comparing governors from the same party, and it supports a growing literature in political science suggesting that voters have different expectations of the two parties on fiscal issues.
by Lynn Johnson.
S.M.
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Hanke, Philip Cosmo <1983>. "Regulating State Aid: Inter-jurisdictional competition, public choice, and corporate governance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6692/1/Hanke_Philip_tesi.pdf.
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Depending on the regulatory regime they are subject to, governments may or may not be allowed to hand out state aid to private firms. The economic justification for state aid can address several issues present in the competition for capital and the competition for transfers from the state.
First, there are principal-agent problems involved at several stages. Self-interested politicians might enter state aid deals that are the result of extensive rent-seeking activities of organized interest groups. Thus the institutional design of political systems will have an effect on the propensity of a jurisdiction to award state aid.
Secondly, fierce competition for firm locations can lead to over-spending. This effect is stronger if the politicians do not take into account the entirety of the costs created by their participation in the firm location race.
Thirdly, state aid deals can be incomplete and not in the interest of the citizens. This applies if there are no sanctions if firms do not meet their obligations from receiving aid, such as creating a certain number of jobs or not relocating again for a certain amount of time.
The separation of ownership and control in modern corporations leads to principal-agent problems on the side of the aid recipient as well. Managers might receive personal benefits from subsidies, the use of which is sometimes less monitored than private finance. This can eventually be to the detriment of the shareholders.
Overall, it can be concluded that state aid control should also serve the purpose of regulating the contracting between governments and firms. An extended mandate for supervision by the European Commission could include requirements to disincentive the misuse of state aid. The Commission should also focus on the corporate governance regime in place in the jurisdiction that awards the aid as well as in the recipient firm.
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Hanke, Philip Cosmo <1983>. "Regulating State Aid: Inter-jurisdictional competition, public choice, and corporate governance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6692/.
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Depending on the regulatory regime they are subject to, governments may or may not be allowed to hand out state aid to private firms. The economic justification for state aid can address several issues present in the competition for capital and the competition for transfers from the state.
First, there are principal-agent problems involved at several stages. Self-interested politicians might enter state aid deals that are the result of extensive rent-seeking activities of organized interest groups. Thus the institutional design of political systems will have an effect on the propensity of a jurisdiction to award state aid.
Secondly, fierce competition for firm locations can lead to over-spending. This effect is stronger if the politicians do not take into account the entirety of the costs created by their participation in the firm location race.
Thirdly, state aid deals can be incomplete and not in the interest of the citizens. This applies if there are no sanctions if firms do not meet their obligations from receiving aid, such as creating a certain number of jobs or not relocating again for a certain amount of time.
The separation of ownership and control in modern corporations leads to principal-agent problems on the side of the aid recipient as well. Managers might receive personal benefits from subsidies, the use of which is sometimes less monitored than private finance. This can eventually be to the detriment of the shareholders.
Overall, it can be concluded that state aid control should also serve the purpose of regulating the contracting between governments and firms. An extended mandate for supervision by the European Commission could include requirements to disincentive the misuse of state aid. The Commission should also focus on the corporate governance regime in place in the jurisdiction that awards the aid as well as in the recipient firm.
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Singh, Kusum. "CROSS-BORDER SHOPPING: IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE FISCAL COMPETITION IN MULTIPLE TAX INSTRUMENTS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/155.
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This dissertation investigates whether consumers’ cross-border shopping due to interstate commodity tax differentials influence counties’ economic activity and states’ strategic competition in multiple tax policies.
First, I examine how own and the nearest neighboring states’ commodity tax rates affect counties’ retail activity. Particularly, in contrast to many previous studies, I examine whether the distance to the state border influences the responsiveness of counties’ retail activity to sales and excise taxes of own and the nearest neighboring states. Since the costs of avoiding state commodity taxes are presumably lower along borders, the impacts of state commodity taxes on retail activity may be different for counties closer and further away from the state border. Considering retail establishments and employment of industries that are most likely to be affected by consumers’ cross-border shopping activity, I find that that the impacts of domestic and the nearest neighboring states’ sales and excise tax rates on counties’ retail establishments and employment depend on the distance to the state border. However, contrary to what would be expected, the impacts tend not to be very robust.
Second, I investigate whether consumers’ cross-border shopping to low commodity taxed states influence state governments to engage in strategic competition in multiple tax policies. Previous works on fiscal competition document that state governments engage in commodity tax competition to gain cross-border shoppers. Specifically, the empirical research find that changes in neighboring states’ one commodity tax rate influence changes in a home state’s same commodity tax rates. However, these studies do not address whether changes in neighboring states’ one commodity tax rate also induce the home state to adjust other taxes, either other commodity taxes or possible income taxes. Using a panel of the United States’ state-level data for the period 1977−2002, I estimate the reaction functions not for a single tax rate but multiple rates. In this framework, I find that states react to neighbors’ lower tax rates on one tax base by changing rates on either the same tax base or/and other tax bases, thereby suggesting that states engage in strategic competition in multiple tax rates to meet their revenue goals.
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Rodríguez, Morales Jorge Ernesto. "Competition Policy and State Aid under the European Union Emissions Trading System." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115611.
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The interaction between competition and environmental policy is quite complex, particularly before state aids, whose control level reflects the emerging opportunity cost between both policies. In order to illustrate the potential efficiency losses or the imbalances on level playing field of competition, this article analyzes the legal, economic and political dimensions of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) free allocation of allowances mechanism for the power generation sector.La interacción entre la política de competencia y la medio ambientales bastante compleja, especialmente en el caso de las ayudas estatales, cuyo nivel de control refleja el coste de oportunidad emergente entre ambas. Con el fin de ilustrar las potenciales pérdidas de eficiencia o los desequilibrios en la equidad de condiciones de competencia, este artículo analiza las dimensiones legal, económica y política del mecanismo de asignación gratuita de permisos de emisión del Régimen Comunitario de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión (RCCDE) de la Unión Europea para el sector de la generación eléctrica.
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Zimmermann, Astrid Elisabeth. "Enacting the state in Mongolia : an ethnographic study of community, competition and 'corruption' in postsocialist provincial state institutions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609593.
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Nawrocki, Wojciech Jacek. "Photosynthesis and chlororespiration - competition or synergy ?" Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066599/document.
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La chlororespiration a été initialement décrite chez Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cette voie alternative du transfert d’électrons, présente dans toutes des lignées photosynthétiques, est constituée par l’activité d’une NAD(P)H:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, et d’une plastoquinol oxydase (PTOX). Parce qu’elle utilise les plastoquinones comme transporteur d’électrons, la chlororespiration représente une voie potentiellement antagoniste au transfert photosynthétique de l’eau au CO2. Néanmoins, le faible flux autorisé par ces enzymes suggère que, au moins sous éclairement continu et en conditions stationnaires, leur contribution est limité. Je me suis donc concentré sur la rôle du PTOX pendant les transitions lumière-obscurité et vice-versa. J’ai observé qu’après une brève illumination, la relaxation redox du chloroplaste est entravée quand PTOX2, l’oxydase majeure chez Chlamydomonas, est absente. J’ai démontré la pertinence physiologique de cette observation par une étude des courbes de croissance de souches mutantes pour PTOX et de la souche sauvage: la croissance du mutant de PTOX2 est retardée en condition de la lumière intermittente – ce qui peux être expliqué par une diminution du flux d’électrons à partir du photosystème II. Je me suis également intéressé à l’impact de la chlororespiration sur le flux d’électrons cyclique en utilisant une nouvelle approche spectroscopique combinée à de la modélisation. Enfin, j’ai exploré, en collaboration avec Stefano Santabarbara, le mécanisme de redistribution de l’énergie lumineuse entre les deux photosystèmes, mécanisme gouverné par des changements d’état redox des plastoquinones. J’ai démontré que, contrairement à des récentes suggestions, un véritable transfert d’antennes se produit entre les deux photosystèmesChlororespiration was initially described in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This electron transfer pathway, found in all photosynthetic lineages, consists of the action of a NAD(P)H:plastoquinone oxidoreductase and a plastoquinol oxidase (PTOX). Hence, because it uses plastoquinones for electron transport, chlororespiration constitutes an electron pathway potentially antagonistic to the linear photosynthetic electron flow from H2O to CO2 However, the limited flow these enzymes can sustain suggests that their relative contribution, at least in the light and in steady-state conditions, is limited. I thus focused on the involvement of PTOX in Chlamydomonas during transitions from dark to light and vice versa. I found that, following a brief illumination, the redox relaxation of the chloroplast in the dark was much affected when PTOX2, the major plastoquinol oxidase in Chlamydomonas, is lacking. Importantly, I show that this has a significant physiological relevance as the growth of a PTOX2- lacking mutant is markedly slower in intermittent light, which can be rationalized in terms of a decreased flux sustained by photosystem II. I also investigated the influence of chlororespiration on cyclic electron flow using novel experimental techniques combined with theoretical modelling. Last, I explored, in collaboration with Stefano Santabarbara, the mechanism for redistribution of light excitation energy between the two photosystems, a process triggered by changes in the redox state of plastoquinone pool. I showed that, contrarily to what has been suggested recently, this regulation mechanism corresponds to an actual transfer of light harvesting antenna between the two photosystems
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Dietz, Robert D. "Spatial competition, conflict and cooperation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058471128.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 268 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Adviser: Donald Haurin, Dept. of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-268).
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M'Barek, Sassi Amine. "Tax incentives and inter-state fiscal competition : the search for a regulatory framework." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488365.
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The thesis represents a contribution to the debate on the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition. The study coincides with the mounting scepticism expressed towards the regulatory frameworks devised and implemented by the EU and OECD. This thesis offers a new and comprehensive approach to the regulatory dilemma. It looks at tax competition from a legal perspective and aspires at laying down the foundations of a balanced regulatory framework by sharing the burden of regulation amongst all parties involved in the process of fiscal competition. It also investigates the validity of the traditional arguments in the light of recent developments. Moreover, it tackles the one issue that is common to any regulatory framework, that is, the identification of tax incentives. The thesis contends that unless a common understanding is reached on what is meant by tax incentives, one may not seriously contemplate the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition.
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Kamaris, Georgios. "A critical analysis of the European Union's state and policy impementation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8089.
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State Aid policy has been an integral part of competition policy and the European Commission is responsible for controlling aid, which distorts competition in the internal market to be granted by Member States. State Aid is usually defined as advantages given by the State to undertakings in the form of financial contributions, support, or other forms of special treatment. This thesis will examine state aid policy and regulation in the European Union. The research aims at critically analysing the implementation of the rules that compose the European state aid framework and conclude on whether the system for the control of state aid is set in an effective way to achieve the objectives of protecting competition and therefore the internal market by limiting aid levels and streaming aid towards more beneficial aid. This research is important because it can reveal the particular benefits and problems caused by state aid and help by making recommendations for the future application of the rules.
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Griffiths, Robert P. "Cyber athletes: identification, competition, and affect implications." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180009007.
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Macaulay, Fiona. "Competition and Collusion among Criminal Justice and Non-State Actors in Brazil’s Prison System." Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18276.
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YesThis chapter examines competition and collusion among criminal justice institutions and non-state actors in imprisonment in prisons in Brazil to analyse how both formal and informal dispositions and practices have created and sustain the mass incarceration that is a pre-condition for extensive prisoner self-governance. The chapter thus looks from the outside-in, examining how relationships between extra-mural institutions have created and sustained such an enormous prison population in Brazil. It also analyses these institutions and organisations as intra-mural actors that, through their action or inaction, exercise a key role in shaping the carceral experience for inmates. It highlights the competition between the different actors involved in the penal arena for control of the carceral space and of prisoners, driven by a variety of motives – rent-seeking, moral/philosophical, and territorial.
The full-text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 1 Mar 2022.
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黃鑑 and Kam Wong. "Public transport competition between bus and rail." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3159475X.
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Moree, Joshua Larue. "Influence of nursery stock, planting practices, fertilization and competition control on initial survival and growth of Nuttall and white oak seedlings." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05012007-132716.
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Nowag, Julian. "Competition law, state aid law and free-movement law : the case of the environmental integration obligation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b14c7740-cac8-4084-acf8-86ff9c053e6c.
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This thesis investigates competition law, State aid law and free-movement law in their interaction with Article 11 TFEU’s obligation to integrate environmental protection requirements into all activities and policies of the Union. The Article is formulated in broad and sweeping terms which makes integrating environmental protection requirements complex and context-dependent. The challenge of integrating environmental considerations is further increased as such integration in competition, State aid and free- movement law is different from other areas of EU action. The three areas are the core provisions protecting the internal market by prohibiting certain actions of the Member States and undertakings. Unlike in other areas, the EU is therefore not in the position to develop or design the actions but has to scrutinise the measure according to pre-established parameters. To address this challenge, a novel functional approach to environmental integration is developed. The approach should facilitate a better understanding of environmental integration and in particular its application to competition law, State aid and free-movement law. An important element of this thesis equally the comparison between the three areas of law. It sheds light on conceptual issues that are not only relevant to the integration of environmental protection. The comparison advances the understanding in relation to questions such as how restrictions are defined and how the respective balancing tests are applied. The contribution of this research is therefore twofold. One the one hand, it compares how the different tests in competition, State aid and free-movement law operate, thereby offering opportunities for cross-fertilisation. On the other hand, this comparison and the improvements suggested as a result help to conceptualise environmental integration thereby paving the way for a more transparent and consistent integration of environmental protection in competition, State aid and free-movement law.
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Johnson, Jeffery Allan. "A histological comparative study on sperm competition inside the spermathecae in the grasshopper species, Dichromorphaviridis and Chortophaga viridifasciata (Orthoptera: Acrididae)." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1998. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-115412312982890/etd.pdf.
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Cepenas, Simonas. "THE EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT IDEOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1759.
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Even though empirical studies show that political institutions affect various economic policies, standard economic models do not evaluate the effects of government ideology on the performance of state firms. I argue that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are more efficient under center-right governments, while state firms under center-left cabinets show weaker performance. A modified Stackelberg oligopoly competition model that analyzes the proposed connection is developed. I, then, test implications from the model empirically using the case of Lithuania.
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Lundqvist, Carolina. "Competing Under Pressure : State Anxiety, Sports Performance and Assessment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-984.
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Phillips, Justin H. "The political economy of state tax policy : the effects of electoral outcomes, market competition, and political institutions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3191999.
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Urquhart, Ian Thomas. "Interdependence, state competition, and national policy : regulating the British Columbia and Washington Pacific salmon fisheries, 1957-1984." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27555.
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This study explores the politics of regulating the British Columbia and Washington commercial salmon fisheries between 1937 and 1984. The principal focus of this comparative-historical study is upon one particularly striking exception to the tendency of regulators to tighten commercial salmon fishing restrictions over time - the persistence of liberal offshore trolling regulations. The dissertation argues that the anomalous treatment of the offshore troll fishery during this period may be ascribed to the competition between states for the right to harvest salmon - a common property resource.
In making this claim, the study questions the adequacy of the interest-group driven explanations of policy which figure prominently in the literature on regulation. Two pillars of interest group theory, the tendencies to explain national policy only through reference to domestic politics and to reduce state behaviour to little more than the product of the demands of private sector interests, are challenged in this comparative case study.
The challenge to the first tendency of interest group theory is sustained by examining the relations between national regulatory preferences and the foreign fishery policy goals of Canada and the United States. The pursuit of two goals - Asian exclusion and North American equity - in bilateral and multilateral negotiations demanded the adoption of particular regulatory profiles. Liberal offshore troll regulations may be explained according to the legitimacy and bargaining advantages they lent to Canadian and American efforts to incorporate these two goals into modifications to the traditional fishery regime.
The study also suggests that, in a setting characterized by intergovernmental competition, regulatory policies may not always be equated with the preferences of interested private parties. In this setting the state's ability or willingness to respond to even the most influential private sector interests may be limited by the state's evaluation of its bargaining resources and requirements. State competition created a context where government attitudes towards offshore salmon fishing could be understood in terms of state preferences, preferences derived from officials' perceptions of the legitimacy of various national regulatory policies in the context of valued international institutions.
While state competition is the centrepiece of the explanation of national fishery policy developed in this study its explanatory power is mediated by two intervening institutional variables - the capacities of states to formulate and implement policies and the structure of the international regime itself. The level of knowledge regarding the salmon resource played an instrumental role in the formulation of regime goals and of pertinent national policies. The extent to which state management in offshore waters was fragmented between different bureaus affected the ability of officials to adopt national policies which suited their international purposes. The redistribution of the American state's fishery management capacity in the 1970s was a catalyst for the severe restrictions visited upon Washington trailers at that time.
A second institutional factor, the structure of the international fishery regime, also mediated the competition between states. The series of reciprocal fishing privileges agreements between Canada and the United States was particularly important in maintaining established offshore regulatory preferences during the 1970s when the clash between American and Canadian salmon fishery perspectives was intensifying.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Gómez-Pérez, Alfredo. "Mexican telecommunications : a study of privatization of the state monopoly and opening of the market to competition." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33356.
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A little over 10 years ago the Mexican government privatized Telefonos de Mexico, S.A. (Telmex), the telecommunications monopoly that had dominated the market since 1948 and had become a government-owned company in 1976. This thesis focuses on the company's privatization and on the regulatory framework that resulted, analyzing the achievement of the objectives set with the purpose of liberalizing the market and opening it to competition and foreign investors.The main issues addressed are the regulatory framework of Mexican telecommunications, the players involved, interconnection of their networks, foreign investment in Mexican telecommunications, licensing of radio frequencies, rate regulation, universal service obligations, and the international scenario in liberalization of trade in telecommunication services and the relating international instruments, insofar as they relate to the Mexican experience.
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Zam, Gerard Anthony. "The Competition Over the Morrill Land Grant Funds in Ohio, 1862-1870." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1363861481.
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Giard, Timothée M. "The control of state aid to airlines by the European Commission /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78215.
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The airline industry has undergone an unprecedented crisis in the aftermath of the events of September 11th, 2001 in the United States. At that time, the U.S. federal government rapidly moved to create and implement an important rescue package to ensure the sustainability of the U.S. airlines. Contrarily, the European Commission decided to keep the existing legislations and policies regarding state aid, allowing limited support from the Member States to their national carriers. For the Commission, the U.S. state-involvement in the air industry, as well as similar developments in other countries, was bound to create distortions of competition. This situation led the EU to submit a proposal to the Council and the European Parliament for a Regulation with aims to protect the Community airlines from the unfair pricing practices of state-aided non-Community air carriers. The text, modeled after the legislation applicable in the field of trade of goods, would fill a "legal void" and be a new efficient legislative tool for the Commission. Questions did arise, however, about its political legitimacy as well as its legal basis.
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Nucci, Pearce M. R. di. "Technology, competition and state intervention : Development paths and public policies in the promotion and commercialisation of light water reactors." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382811.
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This work offers a comparative economic study of the development and commercialisation of the LWR technology and an analysis of the thermoelectromechanical and nuclear equipment industry, with special reference to France, Germany and Italy. It takes the view that a nuclear power plant cannot be analysed as a technical good independent of the relevant technological environment and industrial structure. The chief contribution of the study lies in combining the analysis of a technology and the reasons underlying its selection and the grounds for success or failure of national technology paths, with investigation of the relation between the technology and structure and organisation of the industry. Major emphasis is laid on the evolutionary nature of nuclear technological change, and its incremental rather than radical innovation path, dictated by criteria of technological-industrial continuity. The study thus focuses on the interplay between technology, market structure and state intervention, and the effects of these factors on national nuclear systems and international trade. The work is divided into three separate but interrelated parts. The first is concerned with economic aspects of technological change and, in particular, the role, instruments and extent of state intervention in the industrial economy and technology policy. Part II is devoted to the development and co •• ercialisation of LWRs. The approach adopted combines historical and economic analysis. An account is provided of the early stages of growth of the US nuclear industry and its establishment on the world market. The growth paths of the main European industries are examined with emphasis on the transition from independent technologies, to US licensees, to the successful autonomous implementation of the LWR, and the problems encountered by further nuclear expansion. Rere - as in Part III which provides a more detailed analysis of the development and present situation of the Italian nuclear system - stress is laid on the institutional frameworks in promoting innovation and technical change, and in providing adequate export support.
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Koo, Jeong-woo. "The rise and fall of confucian civil society : political competition between academies and state in Chosŏn Korea, 1543-1871 /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Rey, Juliette. "European regulation of state aids for restructuring firms : an economic analysis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E054.
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Cette thèse porte sur les aides Européennes à la restructuration. Ces aides sont allouées à des firmes en difficulté et sont le plus souvent accompagnées de mesures compensatoires visant à limiter leur potentiel effet négatif sur la concurrence et les consommateurs. Nous nous intéressons à l'efficacité de ces aides pour sauver les firmes en difficulté, et à l'efficacité des mesures compensatoires pour limiter le possible effet d'éviction de l'investissement privé. Nous trouvons que même si les mesures compensatoires peuvent être nécessaires dans certains cas en théorie, nous ne trouvons pas en pratique d'effet significatif de l'aide sur l'investissement des concurrents. Les aides sont néanmoins positives pour l'investissement des firmes appartenant au pays accordant l'aide. Nous trouvons par ailleurs un effet positif des aides à la restructuration sur la productivité et l'emploi des firmes aidées, mais cet effet s'évapore dès lors que des mesures compensatoires sont mises en placeThis Phd focus on European restructuring State aids. Those ones are given to firms in difficulty and are most of the times submitted to compensatory measures to limit their potential negative impact on competition and consumers. We are interested in the efficiency of those aids to help the firm in difficulty and in the efficiency of compensatory measure to limit the possible crowding out effect of private investment. We find that even though compensatory measures can be necessary in theory, we do not find any effect on competitor's investment empirically. Nevertheless, State aids play positively on the investment of rivals belonging to the country granting the aid. We moreover find that there is a positive impact of restructuring State aids on recipient's total factor productivity and employment, but this effect disappear as soon as we impose compensatory measures
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Fellner, Angela N. "The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Performance of a Cognitive Task in the Context of Collaboration vs. Competition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227269628.
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Demirkaya, Ozmen Melike. "State Aids Policy In The Eu: With Specific Reference To The Banking Sector In The Post 2008 Crisis." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611977/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the state aids policy in EU especially by taking the post-2008 crisis implementations in the banking sector into consideration. The main goal of the thesis is to examine the questions about how the EU directs the considerably strict state aids policy in the crisis term and whether or not there has been a turn in state aids policy tradition during the crisis. For this purpose, the study, first, evaluates the competition policy as the umbrella title for state aids policy, the definition and components of state aids and international rapprochements to state aids policy. Then, the tradition of state aids policy in EU is explained by taking the history and sources of this policy into consideration. Under the light of this advance information, actions of the Union during the post-2008 financial crisis related to the banking sector are tried to be evaluated. State aids implementations in general, attitudes in crisis periods and recent efforts in legislation processes about state aids in Turkey as a candidate country make it worth to link the subject of state aids in Turkey with the study as a subordinate title.
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Vassilieva, Olga. "Modeling and Analysis of Population Dynamics in Advective Environments." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19982.
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We study diffusion-reaction-advection models describing population dynamics of aquatic organisms subject to a constant drift, with reflecting upstream and outflow downstream boundary conditions. We consider three different models: single logistically growing species, two and three competing species. In the case of a single population, we determine conditions for existence, uniqueness and stability of non-trivial steady-state solutions. We analyze the dependence of such solutions on advection speed, growth rate and length of the habitat. Such analysis offers a possible explanation of the "drift paradox" in our context. We also introduce a spatially implicit ODE (nonspatial approximation) model which captures the essential behavior of the original PDE model. In the case of two competing species, we use a diffusion-advection version of the Lotka-Volterra competition model. Combining numerical and analytical techniques, in both the spatial and nonspatial approximation settings, we describe the effect of advection on competitive outcomes. Finally, in the case of three species, we use the nonspatial approximation approach to analyze and classify the possible scenarios as we change the flow speed in the habitat.
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Underwood, Billie Jean. "Dynamics in Elections: Studying Changes in West Virginia's Electoral Systme." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35662.
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Among scholars in the field of state and local politics, the value of using the state and local levels of analysis cannot be overemphasized. Examining political trends at these levels often provides us with far more information about the United States than only looking at the national level. This is true particularly for subjects like elections, parties, and realignment. The research reported here adds to a body of literature that focuses on the state level when examining elections and party realignment. In this thesis I focus on the dynamics of elections in West Virginia.
The main focus of this research is to see to what to extent West Virginia has experienced a realignment of its political party system. Due to regional differences within the state I anticipate that more change will occur farther north and east. The data used here to explore these differences are at the county and state legislative district levels and were gathered from the Secretary of State's office in West Virginia (on-line) and from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. census. Such measures as turnout, registration and election results at the federal and state levels will be used to indicate changes in partisan competition.Master of Arts
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Moberg, Linda. "Marketization in Swedish Eldercare : Implications for Users, Professionals, and the State." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319504.
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During the last decades, Swedish policy makers have implemented various marketization reforms into the public welfare sector in order to make it more cost-efficient and to improve its quality. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate what implications this marketization trend has had for the organization of Swedish eldercare. In particular, the research question addressed is how marketization reforms such as privatized provision, increased competition, and user choice have transformed the relationship between the service users, the professionals, and the state. To answer the research question, four articles are presented in the dissertation, each corresponding to a separate empirical investigation. Together, the articles demonstrate that the increased reliance on marketization in Swedish eldercare has made it more difficult for the local authorities to directly control the quality of the services, since it reduces their ability to allocate public resources and expects them to govern the provision of eldercare through the entering of contracts. This development has also implied that service users themselves become increasingly responsible for ensuring that the quality of their care is high. Moreover, the articles show that the increased reliance on audit by the national government and its agencies has tended to undermine the professionalization of eldercare staff, thereby limiting their autonomy and ability to ensure service quality. As a whole, the dissertation contributes with a more comprehensive understanding of how marketization has altered the organization of Swedish eldercare and under what conditions it might undermine the goals of social equality and ensuring that all citizens have equal access to good quality care.
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Piest, Simon [Verfasser], Philipp [Gutachter] Schreck, and Anne-Katrin [Gutachter] Neyer. "Competition and unethical behavior : utilizing state competitiveness to reduce cheating in contests among employees / Simon Piest ; Gutachter: Philipp Schreck, Anne-Katrin Neyer." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215098898/34.
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HERNÁNDEZ, GUERRERO Vanesa. "Tax incentives under the initiatives against harmful tax competition, the EC treaty provisions on state aid and the WTO Agreement on subsidies." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25400.
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Defence date: 17 December 2007Examining Board: Prof. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (EUI Supervisor) ; Prof. Adolfo J. Martín Jiménez (Universidad de Cádiz, External Supervisor) ; Prof. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, EUI ; Mr. Richard Lyal, EC Commission
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Andersson, Linda. "Essays on job turnover, productivity and state-local finance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141096.
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This thesis consists of four self-contained papers on job turnover, productivity and state- local finance. Paper [I] deals with the determinants of the rate of job turnover defined as the change in distribution of employment between and within industries in Swedish manufacturing. The rate of inter-industry job turnover is driven by the dispersion of profit changes among industries. Shifts in international competitiveness among industries seem to play a central role in the explanation of this pattern. The rate of intra-industry job turnover has been higher in industries with many small plants, low profit margins and high import penetration. Paper [II] analyzes the impact of openness on total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using Swedish industry level data the results show that economically integrated industries tend to be more engaged in research and development (R&D) and have more entry and exit activity than other industries. The domestic R&D intensity does not contribute to the TFP growth rate. Instead, the results imply that openness to international markets, which helps facilitate technology spillovers, has a significant impact on the growth rate. There is also some evidence suggesting that producers exiting the market are less productive, implying that such exits will increase the average productivity of the industry concerned. The purpose of Paper [III] is to design and implement a test of whether the external effect from tax base sharing among local and regional governments is internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. The test is based on the observation that if the external effect is internalized, an increase in the income tax rate at one level of government will induce the other level to reduce its income tax rate by the corresponding amount, leaving the effective tax rate unchanged. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, we estimate the reaction function for the local income tax rate. The results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the external effect from tax base sharing is internalized. Paper [IV] concerns risk-sharing, in terms of how the central government smooths personal income among municipalities via the tax and transfer systems. Using Swedish panel data, the results show that the national tax and transfer systems mitigate an adverse shock to income of one krona so that disposable income falls by 67 öre, on average. However, there are large differences across regions, where the effect on disposable income varies between 32 and 78 öre in the krona.digitalisering@umu
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Rodrigues, Luís Miguel Guedes. "São as empresas privadas mais rentáveis do que as empresas públicas? Caso Europeu." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6538.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisExiste a ideia generalizada de que as empresas públicas obtêm performances inferiores em relação às suas congéneres privadas. Grande parte da literatura afirma que existe uma diferença de rendibilidades entre as empresas públicas e as empresas privadas sendo que estas últimas são mais rentáveis. A literatura aponta dois principais factores para esta diferença de rendibilidade: a falta de concorrência a que as empresas públicas estão sujeitas e o próprio facto de as empresas públicas pertencerem aos seus respectivos Estados O objectivo deste trabalho é ter uma visão actual, alargada e Europeia sobre esta temática e também explorar mais algumas hipóteses sobre o número de activos, de trabalhadores, sobre a percentagem de controlo do Estado das empresas públicas ou como a crise afectou a rendibilidade, ou se a zona da Europa onde a empresa pública se situa afecta a sua rendibilidade. Com base numa amostra constituída por 11083 empresas, (3064 empresas públicas e 8019 empresas privadas) espalhadas por toda a Europa e com um período de 9 anos procurou-se fazer um estudo o mais completo possível. Os resultados confirmam o que a literatura maioritariamente afirma, ou seja, as empresas públicas são menos rentáveis que as empresas privadas. Além disso conclui-se que as empresas públicas empregam mais trabalhadores, que as empresas públicas da Europa Ocidental são mais rentáveis e que um maior controlo dos Estados nas suas empresas irá prejudicar a rendibilidade destas. Os resultados mais surpreendentes foram o facto de as empresas públicas não terem sido afectadas pela crise e o facto de que as empresas privadas terem mais activos.
It is common sense that state owned enterprises (SOE) work differently and they get lower performances compared to their private counterparts. The majority of the literature states that there is a difference in profitability between SOE companies and private companies and the last ones are more profitable. The literature suggests two main factors for the difference in profitability between SOE and private enterprises: the lack of competition that SOE are subject and the ownership of the SOE. The aim of this work is to present a current, enlarged and European vision of this topic and also explore some more assumptions about the number of assets, of active workers, the percentage of state´s control on SOE, or how the crisis has affected the profitability or if the zone of Europe where the SOE is located affects its profitability. Based on a sample of 11083 firms, (3064 SOE and 8019 private companies)spread throughout Europe and with a period of 9 years, we tried to do a study as complete as possible. The results confirm what the majority of literature says, i.e., SOE are less profitable than private companies. Furthermore I concluded that SOE employ more workers, SOE in Western Europe are more profitable and more control of the States in their companies will affect negatively profitability of these. The most surprising results were the fact that SOE have not been affected by the crisis and the fact that private companies have more assets than SOE.
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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Thesis, Cole, Peter (2000) Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia: modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/660/.
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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.
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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.
Full textAbstract:
The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate
historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major
urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's
widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban
railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in
detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly
developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The
llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for
the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built
suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements
of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early
basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and
maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and
government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of
private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government
owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting
practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths
concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political
view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the
private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary
narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible
explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical
economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate
of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of
government.
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Vodden, Angela. "A review and analysis of PPP/PFI in the context of EU and UK legislation relating to freedom of movement, competition and state aid." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515732.
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Alhadidi, Ismaeel. "Arbitrage commercial international et politiques étatiques en matière commerciale : l'exemple du droit de la concurrence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0296.
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Il est admis que l’arbitrage international est impliqué dans l’assurance des politiques étatiques. Les droits nationaux contiennent des dispositions édictées en vue de protéger les intérêts étatiques et l’arbitre se trouve souvent amené à se prononcer sur une question qui met en jeu ces intérêts. Une telle opération n’est envisageable que si la matière en question est arbitrable. La question qui se pose est celle de savoir quelles sont les limites de l’arbitre dans la protection et l’assurance des politiques étatiques. En réalité plusieurs branches du Droit ont pour finalité d’assurer les politiques étatiques. A titre d’exemple, le droit de la propriété intellectuelle, le droit des sociétés, le droit de l’investissement et le droit de la concurrence peuvent être cités. Ce dernier constitue une bonne illustration des politiques étatiques. En effet, quand l’arbitre se charge de la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence, il est en train d’assurer le respect des politiques étatiques de l’Etat concerné.De ce fait, l’interaction entre l’arbitrage international et les ordres juridiques est devenue une réalité. Cette réalité procède de l’arbitrabilité des matières relevant de l’ordre public des Etats. Certains d'entre eux reconnaissent l’arbitrabilité des litiges intéressant l’ordre public comme le droit de la concurrence. D'autres n’acceptent pas que l’arbitre tranche ce type de litiges.La question de l’arbitrabilité objective nous conduit à étudier les différentes interactions entre l’arbitrage international et les politiques étatiques. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous livrerons à l'étude des manifestations de cette interaction et des limites que l’arbitre doit considérer, du fait que la matière assurant des politiques étatiques, y compris le droit de la concurrence, n'est pas entièrement sujette à l’arbitrageThis study aims to delimit the intensity of the engagement of arbitrators in protecting state interests when it comes to commercial disputes. These interests will be studied under the title of policies because the arbitrator will be enforced sometimes to make an interest prevail over another and the latter will be considered as a policy that deserve a protection. Therefore, we will try to look at the policies that arbitrator cannot scarify and the others that he can do scarify.In one hand, there are some zones that arbitrator must respect without having the possibility to evaluate, which will lead us to examine the question of arbitrability. In the other hand, there are many zones where he can impose his own appreciation. In order to strengthen his position the arbitrator will not hesitate to refer to international law if he chooses to not take into account a national law.The absence of precise rules governing arbitration results in controversial doctrinal positions on the interaction between arbitration and state policies. We will try to clarify these positions and drew the consequences of this situation.Despite the internationality of the arbitration, the national law and the national judge are indispensable for the success of the arbitration. That is to say that the arbitrator is required to pay attention to the policies of the states and decide how he will not ignore them. The states, in return, must put their trust in the arbitrator and rely on him to successfully meet the challenge of state policies
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Martins, Claudia Bruschi. "Empresas estatais são sensíveis à concorrência? Evidências do Brasil, 1973-1993." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10920.
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Esta dissertação investiga o efeito da pressão competitiva na eficiência de empresas estatais. Ela inova ao abordar um novo meio pelo qual a competição afeta a eficiência: na escolha de presidentes mais qualificados, que consequentemente afetam a eficiência da empresa estatal. Foi construído um painel de dados históricos (1973 a 1993) de empresas estatais brasileiras e de seus presidentes, com suas características observáveis. Os resultados indicam que a competição tem efeito ambíguo na escolha de CEOs mais qualificados, no entanto estes, por sua vez, afetam positivamente a eficiência daquelas empresas.
This dissertation investigates the effect of competitive pressure on the efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It innovates, however, by approaching a new mean by which competition affects efficiency: the choice of the most qualified CEOs, which consequently affects the efficiency of such state-owned enterprises. A panel of historical data of Brazilian SOEs and their CEOs from 1973 to 1993 was created, gathering their observable characteristics. The results indicate that competition has ambiguous effect on the choice of more skilled CEOs.