Journal articles on the topic 'State-Change Mechanism'
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Shafi, Khalid Mahmood, Arif Ullah Khan, and Rafaqat Islam. "CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY." Margalla Papers 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.2.77.
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Climate change is a reality recognized globally. Although global efforts are accelerating, there are fears in the underdeveloped world regarding the erosion of their sovereignty through climate change action and response mechanisms. Remedial actions taken at various levels are not a compensating reflection of this reality. There is a need to establish a well-thought-out mechanism and support fast-track climate change action and responses. This study, therefore, highlights the impact of climate change action on state sovereignty through in-depth analysis by interviewing climate experts and officials. It reckons that the issue revolves around interference in internal policies through the prism of climate change action incorporating world organisations. It concludes that developing states may have fears regarding the overreach of developed states in their remedial actions, as seen in the Global South and Global North divide. Bibliography Entry Shafi, Khalid Mahmood, Arif Ullah Khan and Rafaqat Islam. 2021. "Climate Change Action and State Sovereignty." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 98-108.
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Shafi, Khalid Mahmood, Arif Ullah Khan, and Rafaqat Islam. "CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY." Margalla Papers 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.2.77.
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Climate change is a reality recognized globally. Although global efforts are accelerating, there are fears in the underdeveloped world regarding the erosion of their sovereignty through climate change action and response mechanisms. Remedial actions taken at various levels are not a compensating reflection of this reality. There is a need to establish a well-thought-out mechanism and support fast-track climate change action and responses. This study, therefore, highlights the impact of climate change action on state sovereignty through in-depth analysis by interviewing climate experts and officials. It reckons that the issue revolves around interference in internal policies through the prism of climate change action incorporating world organisations. It concludes that developing states may have fears regarding the overreach of developed states in their remedial actions, as seen in the Global South and Global North divide. Bibliography Entry Shafi, Khalid Mahmood, Arif Ullah Khan and Rafaqat Islam. 2021. "Climate Change Action and State Sovereignty." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 98-108.
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Nyka, Maciej. "State Responsibility for Climate Change Damages." Review of European and Comparative Law 45, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.12246.
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The state’s liability for damages in the field of climate change remains one of those areas of international law that has not yet been comprehensively regulated. At present, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, specific to the norms of international climate law, is not an alternative to the general principles of international law regulating responsibility and compensation issues of the states in the sphere of international climate law. The application of customary international legal mechanisms of responsibility of states in relation to climate damage can be a kind of challenge. Both the damage itself and elements such as causation or the possibility of attributing responsibility to the state pose a significant challenge in the sphere of climate protection. On the other hand, it is impossible not to notice that properly applied norms of general international law make it possible to overcome the difficulties arising from the specificity of the responsibility of countries for climate change. The latest jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in environmental matters creates a framework for the settlement and implementation of possible liability for damages in the area of climate change.
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Brandt, Ulrich. "A two-state stabilization-change mechanism for proton-pumping complex I." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1807, no. 10 (October 2011): 1364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.04.006.
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Hu, Sheng, Liping Zhao, and Yiyong Yao. "State entropy–based fluctuation analysis mechanism for quality state stability in data-driven manufacturing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 988–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418755821.
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Intelligent quality state analysis is a promising tool to deal with manufacturing big data due to its ability in efficiently processing state signals and providing accurate warning results. Inspired by the idea that uses the change of entropy flow to characterize the quality state change, this article proposes a fluctuation analysis mechanism for quality stability based on state entropy in data-driven manufacturing process. First, the multidimensional space cloud model with a three-tuple feature is constructed to describe quality state fluctuation in which the digital features of entropy and hyper-entropy represent the fluctuations’ uncertainty of quality state. Furthermore, in order to quantitatively analyze the fluctuation degree of process state, the entropy change mechanism is introduced into the manufacturing quality state to calculate the state fluctuation degree. The proposed method is validated by a fan blade machining process dataset, and the result shows that the approach could well monitor the quality state fluctuation and show good effect for process stability analysis, which will provide theoretical evidence for the real-time warning and evaluation for abnormal quality state in manufacturing process.
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SUZUKI, Toru. "Physical State Change of Food in Deep-Fat Frying and Oil Absorption Mechanism." Oleoscience 9, no. 2 (2009): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.9.43.
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Qin, W., J. A. Szpunar, and Y. Umakoshi. "Electron or ion irradiation-induced phase-change mechanism between amorphous and crystalline state." Acta Materialia 59, no. 5 (March 2011): 2221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.12.025.
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Mayer, Benoit, Mikko Rajavuori, and Mandy Meng Fang. "The Contribution of State-Owned Enterprises to Climate Change Mitigation in China." Climate Law 7, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2017): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00702002.
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China plans the implementation of a nationwide market-based mechanism for greenhouse gas mitigation, appearing thus to replicate the method used most notably in the European Union to price greenhouse gas emissions. However, China’s new mechanism represents only be the tip of the mitigation iceberg. Banking on the unique characteristics of a socialist market economy, China’s government has largely relied on State-Owned Enterprises as a tool for implementing rapid change. In this article, we discuss the role played by Chinese soes to advance the country’s ambitious mitigation objectives. After a general description of the incentives created for emission limitation and energy saving through soe supervision, we highlight the corresponding efforts made in the fossil-fuel, power-generation, and other key mitigation sectors.
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Bozec, Yves-Marie, and Peter J. Mumby. "Synergistic impacts of global warming on the resilience of coral reefs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1659 (January 5, 2015): 20130267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0267.
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Recent epizootics have removed important functional species from Caribbean coral reefs and left communities vulnerable to alternative attractors. Global warming will impact reefs further through two mechanisms. A chronic mechanism reduces coral calcification, which can result in depressed somatic growth. An acute mechanism, coral bleaching, causes extreme mortality when sea temperatures become anomalously high. We ask how these two mechanisms interact in driving future reef state (coral cover) and resilience (the probability of a reef remaining within a coral attractor). We find that acute mechanisms have the greatest impact overall, but the nature of the interaction with chronic stress depends on the metric considered. Chronic and acute stress act additively on reef state but form a strong synergy when influencing resilience by intensifying a regime shift. Chronic stress increases the size of the algal basin of attraction (at the expense of the coral basin), whereas coral bleaching pushes the system closer to the algal attractor. Resilience can change faster—and earlier—than a change in reef state. Therefore, we caution against basing management solely on measures of reef state because a loss of resilience can go unnoticed for many years and then become disproportionately more difficult to restore.
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Wu, Song, and Juan Bai. "Research on the Dynamic Compensation Mechanism that is Brought by Engineering Measurement to the Contract Status." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 2647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.2647.
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<p>Based on engineering measurement ，the contract state change is classified into three types: variation, deviation on bill of quantities, discrepancy in BQ quantity. Based on this, analysis is made on the dynamic compensation mechanism that the bill of quantities can have to the contract state according to the change type of the contract state of the bill of quantities, finally the quantitative value adjusted by the contract price based on the change type of the three contract state based on the bill of quantities.</p>
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Levin, Susan E., and Arthur Weiss. "Twisting tails exposed." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 4 (February 21, 2005): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050179.
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The mechanism by which the ligand occupancy state of the T cell receptor complex is converted into intracellular signaling information has been a controversial topic. Although the majority of structural studies argue against a conformational change, recent studies support the possibility for such a change within the CD3 components of the TCR complex. In this commentary, the evidence for TCR conformational change is reviewed and potential mechanisms for its initiation are explored.
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Yan, Ling, and Chao Chao Zhao. "Study on Unbalanced Bidding of Contractor Based on Engineering Change." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3367.
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Contractor uses the unbalanced bidding strategies for the income-generating, because unbalanced bidding can link the engineering change and income-generating. However the lack of knowledge for the change of project state is the key factor that the contractor can not achieve income-generating successfully. First the thesis identified the opportunity of contractor's unbalanced bidding from the construction plan, design drawings, and project amount. By introducing the trigger mechanism to show the trigger mechanism of the unbalanced bidding, it indicates that only when the unbalanced bidding is triggered by the engineering Change the state of project will execute as expected and the profit of contractor can ultimately change from A''' to B'''. Through analyzing the change of state of project under engineering change, the thesis gives unbalanced bidding strategy for contractor.
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Segert, Dieter. "An Unexpected Dawn: The Prague Spring and the Mechanism of Change in State Socialism." Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 2 (August 2008): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651560802318754.
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Loveykin, Vyacheslav, Dmytro Palamarchuk, Yuriy Romasevich, and Andriy Loveykin. "Optimization of rotate mode at constant change of departure in the level-luffing crane with geared sector." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 106 (May 24, 2021): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.221-235.
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The results of optimization of the rotation mode of the level-luffing boom system of the crane at the launch site, with the steady-state mode of departure change. The object of the study is a boom system with a sector drive of the mechanism of change of departure. The mechanism of rotation consists of an electric motor, a planetary mechanism and an open gear. Variation calculus methods were used to optimize the mode of rotation of the boom system. In this case, a variational problem is formed, which includes the equation of motion of the boom system when turning and changing the departure, the optimization criterion and boundary conditions of motion. The optimization criterion has the form of an integral functional that reflects the root mean square value of the driving torque of the drive mechanism of rotation during start-up. The study was carried out at the starting point of the electric motor of the turning mechanism from the state of rest to reach the nominal speed and at a steady speed of rotation of the electric motor of the mechanism of change of departure. The solution of the problem is presented in the form of a polynomial with two terms, the first of which provides boundary conditions of motion, and the second minimizes the criterion of optimization through unknown coefficients. To do this, use a software package. Graphs of change of kinematic characteristics of cargo and boom system at work of mechanisms of turn and change of departure, and also the driving moment in the course of start of the mechanism of turn which correspond to an optimum mode of movement are constructed. The resulting mode of movement allowed to eliminate the oscillations of the load on the suspension. Based on research, recommendations for the use of the obtained optimal start-up mode have been developed.
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Caremani, Marco, Francesca Pinzauti, Joseph D. Powers, Serena Governali, Theyencheri Narayanan, Ger J. M. Stienen, Massimo Reconditi, Marco Linari, Vincenzo Lombardi, and Gabriella Piazzesi. "Inotropic interventions do not change the resting state of myosin motors during cardiac diastole." Journal of General Physiology 151, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201812196.
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When striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle is in its relaxed state, myosin motors are packed in helical tracks on the surface of the thick filament, folded toward the center of the sarcomere, and unable to bind actin or hydrolyze ATP (OFF state). This raises the question of whatthe mechanism is that integrates the Ca2+-dependent thin filament activation, making myosin heads available for interaction with actin. Here we test the interdependency of the thin and thick filament regulatory mechanisms in intact trabeculae from the rat heart. We record the x-ray diffraction signals that mark the state of the thick filament during inotropic interventions (increase in sarcomere length from 1.95 to 2.25 µm and addition of 10−7 M isoprenaline), which potentiate the twitch force developed by an electrically paced trabecula by up to twofold. During diastole, none of the signals related to the OFF state of the thick filament are significantly affected by these interventions, except the intensity of both myosin-binding protein C– and troponin-related meridional reflections, which reduce by 20% in the presence of isoprenaline. These results indicate that recruitment of myosin motors from their OFF state occurs independently and downstream from thin filament activation. This is in agreement with the recently discovered mechanism based on thick filament mechanosensing in which the number of motors available for interaction with actin rapidly adapts to the stress on the thick filament and thus to the loading conditions of the contraction. The gain of this positive feedback may be modulated by both sarcomere length and the degree of phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C.
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Gao, Zhao Ning, and Xiang Rui Meng. "Water Bursting Mechanism of Coal Floor with Pattern Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3759.
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Coal floor water inrush is the reason that the deformation and failure of rock strata in floor is induced by mining stress, cracks gradually develop, grow and accumulate, catastrophe result in forming water inrush passages, finally floor water inrush occurs. Interactions of adjacent damage element and long range correlation in coal floor are simulated by pattern dynamics. The evolution process of floor cracks is simulated by the change of element state, and some criteria are given to judge if the floor will fracture with the change of element state. The obvious characteristics of evolution process of floor cracks are progressive, and cracks make order-disorder distribution at different scales that evolve into order distribution, and finally form water inrush passages.
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KHAIDAROVA, G. G. "DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 7 (2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.07.01.005.
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The activity of agricultural enterprises determines the level of food security of the state, forms the level of agricultural potential of the state. During the transition to a post-industrial economy, economic mechanisms change, forming new internal and external relations between economic entities. The article is devoted to the search for the most effective regulators of the work of agricultural enterprises, the understanding of new approaches to the formation of the innovative image of the Russian economic mechanism.
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Tsuchiya, Masa, Alessandro Giuliani, and Kenichi Yoshikawa. "Cell-Fate Determination from Embryo to Cancer Development: Genomic Mechanism Elucidated." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134581.
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Elucidation of the genomic mechanism that guides the cell-fate change is one of the fundamental issues of biology. We previously demonstrated that whole genome expression is coordinated by the emergence of a critical point at both the cell-population and single-cell levels through the physical principle of self-organized criticality. In this paper, we further examine the genomic mechanism that determines the cell-fate changes from embryo to cancer development. The state of the critical point, acting as the organizing center of the cell fate, determines whether the genome resides in a super- or sub-critical state. In the super-critical state, a specific stochastic perturbation can spread over the entire system through the “genome engine”, an autonomous critical-control genomic system, whereas in the sub-critical state, the perturbation remains at a local level. The cell-fate changes when the genome becomes super-critical. We provide a consistent framework to develop a time-evolutional transition theory for the biological regulation of the cell-fate change.
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Walker, Simon M., Adrian L. R. Thomas, and Graham K. Taylor. "Operation of the alula as an indicator of gear change in hoverflies." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 71 (November 9, 2011): 1194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0617.
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The alula is a hinged flap found at the base of the wings of most brachyceran Diptera. The alula accounts for up to 10 per cent of the total wing area in hoverflies (Syrphidae), and its hinged arrangement allows the wings to be swept back over the thorax and abdomen at rest. The alula is actuated via the third axillary sclerite, which is a component of the wing hinge that is involved in wing retraction and control. The third axillary sclerite has also been implicated in the gear change mechanism of flies. This mechanism allows rapid switching between different modes of wing kinematics, by imposing or removing contact with a mechanical stop limiting movement of the wing during the lower half of the downstroke. The alula operates in two distinct states during flight—flipped or flat—and we hypothesize that its state indicates switching between different flight modes. We used high-speed digital video of free-flying hoverflies ( Eristalis tenax and Eristalis pertinax ) to investigate whether flipping of the alula was associated with changes in wing and body kinematics. We found that alula state was associated with different distributions of multiple wing kinematic parameters, including stroke amplitude, stroke deviation angle, downstroke angle of incidence and timing of supination. Changes in all of these parameters have previously been linked to gear change in flies. Symmetric flipping of the alulae was associated with changes in the symmetric linear acceleration of the body, while asymmetric flipping of the alulae was associated with asymmetric angular acceleration of the body. We conclude that the wings produce less aerodynamic force when the alula is flipped, largely as a result of the accompanying changes in wing kinematics. The alula changes state at mid-downstroke, which is the point at which the gear change mechanism is known to come into effect. This transition is accompanied by changes in the other wing kinematic parameters. We therefore find that the state of the alula is linked to the same parameters as are affected by the gear change mechanism. We conclude that the state of the alula does indeed indicate the operation of different flight modes in Eristalis , and infer that a likely mechanism for these changes in flight mode is the gear change mechanism.
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Poturaev, V. N., A. F. Bulat, and V. G. Kolesnikov. "Mechanism of physical actions for a local directional change in state of a rock mass." Soviet Mining Science 25, no. 5 (September 1989): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02528261.
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Zhang, Weiwei, Yi Cao, Wenfei Li, and Wei Wang. "Allostery and molecular stripping mechanism in profilin regulated actin filament growth." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 123010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3b2d.
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Abstract Profilin is an actin-sequestering protein and plays key role in regulating the polarized growth of actin filament. Binding of profilin to monomeric actin (G-actin) allows continuous elongation at the barbed end (BE), but not the pointed end, of filament. How G-actin exchanges between the profilin-sequestered state and the filament state (F-actin) to support the BE elongation is not well understood. Here, we investigate the involved molecular mechanism by constructing a multi-basin energy landscape model and performing molecular simulations. We showed that the actin exchanging occurs by forming a ternary complex. The interactions arising from the BE binding drive the conformational change of the attached G-actin in the ternary complex from twist conformation to more flatten conformation without involving the change of nucleotide state, which in turn destabilizes the actin–profilin interface and promotes the profilin stripping event through allosteric coupling. We also showed that attachment of free profilin to the BE induces conformational change of the BE actin and facilitates its stripping from the filament. These results suggest a molecular stripping mechanism of the polarized actin filament growth dynamics controlled by the concentrations of the actin–profilin dimer and the free profilin, in which the allosteric feature of the monomeric actin plays crucial role.
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Almashat, Abdulmonem, and Salwa Thabet. "State survival bureaucracy (SSB): state sustainability after Arab revolutions." Review of Economics and Political Science 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-09-2018-0001.
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Purpose Non-politicized bureaucracy plays a fundamental role in the survival of states during times of transition and drastic change. Moreover, non-politicized bureaucracy protects state institutions from failing. In fact, state survival bureaucracy (SSB), as an alternative to Deep State, obtains all mechanisms for the sustainability of the state, both its entity and identity. In case of resistance to the elected officials and executives’ abrupt decisions, professionals and experts came up with Deep State to reflect the elements of rejection. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses both system and function approaches in analyzing the role of bureaucracy in states going through transition. It also draws comparisons from the harsh experiences in the Arab region after Arab revolutions where most of the states collapsed while Tunisia and Egypt survived. The authors will use the available literature in reviewing different arguments regarding the role of bureaucracy in addition to the own observations as scholars who were engaged in the political process in Egypt for sometimes and during the drastic changes since January 25, 2011 and the knowledge about political process in Tunisia and other Arab states. Findings In the study of the collapse of a number of Arab states and the survival of Tunisia and Egypt, it was found out that it is SSB which holds state together in cases of drastic changes or tangible threats. SSB includes bureaucrats and policy implementing agencies that are committed to both entity and identity of the state. The role of SSB emerges clearly in a state of utmost survival crisis of the state. SSB does inherently obtain self-correcting mechanisms that help states face, experience drastic change and cope with it. Originality/value Non-politicized bureaucracy plays a fundamental role in the survival of states during times of transition and drastic change. Moreover, non-politicized bureaucracy protects state institutions from failing. In fact, SSB as an alternative to Deep State, as defined in this paper, obtains all mechanisms for the sustainability of the state, both its entity and identity. The analysis will show how SSB is a constructive mechanism for the survival of the state when its entity and identity as well as well-established national interests are under tangible threats.
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Ouyang, Zhenhua, Qingxin Qi, Shankun Zhao, Baoyang Wu, and Ningbo Zhang. "The Mechanism and Application of Deep-Hole Precracking Blasting on Rockburst Prevention." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/625691.
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The mechanism of preventing rockburst through deep-hole precracking blasting was studied based on experimental test, numerical simulation, and field testing. The study results indicate that the deep-hole precracking could change the bursting proneness and stress state of coal-rock mass, thereby preventing the occurrence of rockburst. The bursting proneness of the whole composite structure could be weakened by the deep-hole precracking blasting. The change of stress state in the process of precracking blasting is achieved in two ways: (1) artificially break the roof apart, thus weakening the continuity of the roof strata, effectively inducing the roof caving while reducing its impact strength; and (2) the dynamic shattering and air pressure generated by the blasting can structurally change the properties of the coal-rock mass by mitigating the high stress generation and high elastic energy accumulation, thus breaking the conditions of energy transfer and rock burst occurrence.
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Gong, Weigang, and Siyue Yang. "State intervention and agrarian change in China after 2006." Chinese Sociological Dialogue 2, no. 3-4 (October 2017): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397200917730005.
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States play a central role in systematic studies of agrarian changes in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. However, due to China’s belated agrarian change, agrarian studies on China have only begun recently, and the role of the state is still relatively undiscussed. First, we review the history of state intervention on agricultural development. Then we focus on fiscal policies of the state’s intervention that have been implemented since the taxes and fees reforms, which involved a large number of state agricultural projects. Such state intervention is aimed at promoting food security and agricultural modernization and, in practice, is typically accompanied by land transfer promoted by local government. The local governments’ intervention has directly resulted in the emergence of capitalized family farms and the flow of industrial/commercial capital to the countryside, both of which constitute main aspects of China’s agrarian transition. Based on a case study of a county in Hunan Province, focusing on examples of the food security project and the agricultural vertical integration project, combining with the process of land transfer promoted by local government, we analyse the role of the state in the emergence of capitalized family farms and capital flow to the countryside, as well as connections between state interventions and capital accumulation. Then, we present the general development of capitalized family farms as well as the flow of agro-capital to the countryside based on provincial data, and interpret how agrarian transition evolves at a different pace among regions against the backdrop of state intervention. We emphasize the internal mechanism between state intervention and agrarian transformation based on the operation of specific agricultural projects and the local governments’ promotion of land transfer.
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Tang, Hong, Douglas C. MacLaren, and Mary Anne White. "New insights concerning the mechanism of reversible thermochromic mixtures." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 11 (November 2010): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-069.
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Three-component organic thermochromic materials, consisting of a leuco dye, a weak acid acting as the colour developer, and a low-melting organic solvent, can change their colour in response to temperature changes. Although widely used in applications, their detailed thermochromic mechanism is not fully understood. The present study delineates the role of subtle changes in the solvent’s molecular structure and concentration in the crystal violet lactone (CVL, dye)/lauryl gallate (LG, developer)/1-alcohol (dodecanol (DD), tetradecanol (TD), hexadecanol (HD), or octadecanol (OD); solvent) system. Through inkjet printing of the components directly onto a substrate, combinatorial approaches reveal differences when the alkyl chain length of the alcohol solvent is changed slightly. During the process of heating to the melt, followed by cooling to room temperature, CVL/LG/DD showed no colour change. On the other hand, CVL/LG/TD exhibited reversible thermochromism with colour forming in the molten state and colour loss in the solid state. In the composition range investigated, the CVL/LG/HD system showed no colour change during heating, but on cooling from the molten state, at first a blue colour appeared just below the freezing point, and this was followed by a slow colour fading on further cooling. A significant new finding is that the orientationally disordered α-phase of the solvent is required to support the dye–developer complex that provides colour. Furthermore, there is an optimal solvent chain length for thermochromism: if too short, there is no disordered phase and no colour; if too long, the formation of the coloured developer–dye complex is prevented in the melt.
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NI, JIAN, and CHUN-LAN MA. "A PROBABLE MECHANISM OF SPIN-STATE TRANSITION IN LaCoO3." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 16 (June 30, 2010): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910024146.
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Total energies and electronic structures of rhombohedral lanthanum cobaltite ( LaCoO 3) with both non-magnetic and magnetic states are calculated from generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with on-site Coulomb correlation corrections (GGA + U) method. It is found that only the non-magnetic ground state can be obtained for LaCoO 3 at 5 K, consistent with previous studies. When U = 4.0 eV is employed, the band gap is found to be 0.6 eV, in agreement with the result of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The ferromagnetic ground state can be obtained for LaCoO 3 at 100 K, but much larger on-site Coulomb interaction between Co 3d is found. Only when U = 7.8 eV is employed for the calculation of LaCoO 3 at 100 K can we find a band gap of 0.26 eV, consistent with the optical conductivity measurements. According to these results, we propose a probable mechanism for spin-state transition in LaCoO 3 at around 100 K. The transition is mainly due to the big change in the on-site Coulomb repulsion between Co 3d electrons.
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Wang, Yingjie, Gianluigi Veglia, Dongping Zhong, and Jiali Gao. "Activation mechanism of Drosophila cryptochrome through an allosteric switch." Science Advances 7, no. 25 (June 2021): eabg3815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3815.
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Cryptochromes are signaling proteins activated by photoexcitation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Although extensive research has been performed, the mechanism for this allosteric process is still unknown. We constructed three computational models, corresponding to different redox states of the FAD cofactor in Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY). Analyses of the dynamics trajectories reveal that the activation process occurs in the semiquinone state FAD−●, resulting from excited-state electron transfer. The Arg381-Asp410 salt bridge acts as an allosteric switch, regulated by the change in the redox state of FAD. In turn, Asp410 forms new hydrogen bonds, connecting allosteric networks of the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains initially separated in the resting state. The expansion to a global dynamic network leads to enhanced protein fluctuations, an increase in the radius of gyration, and the expulsion of the carboxyl-terminal tail. These structural features are in accord with mutations and spectroscopic experiments.
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Staerz, Anna, Inci Boehme, David Degler, Mounib Bahri, Dmitry Doronkin, Anna Zimina, Helena Brinkmann, et al. "Rhodium Oxide Surface-Loaded Gas Sensors." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110892.
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In order to increase their stability and tune-sensing characteristics, metal oxides are often surface-loaded with noble metals. Although a great deal of empirical work shows that surface-loading with noble metals drastically changes sensing characteristics, little information exists on the mechanism. Here, a systematic study of sensors based on rhodium-loaded WO3, SnO2, and In2O3—examined using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, direct current (DC) resistance measurements, operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy—is presented. Under normal sensing conditions, the rhodium clusters were oxidized. Significant evidence is provided that, in this case, the sensing is dominated by a Fermi-level pinning mechanism, i.e., the reaction with the target gas takes place on the noble-metal cluster, changing its oxidation state. As a result, the heterojunction between the oxidized rhodium clusters and the base metal oxide was altered and a change in the resistance was detected. Through measurements done in low-oxygen background, it was possible to induce a mechanism switch by reducing the clusters to their metallic state. At this point, there was a significant drop in the overall resistance, and the reaction between the target gas and the base material was again visible. For decades, noble metal loading was used to change the characteristics of metal-oxide-based sensors. The study presented here is an attempt to clarify the mechanism responsible for the change. Generalities are shown between the sensing mechanisms of different supporting materials loaded with rhodium, and sample-specific aspects that must be considered are identified.
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Jenlink, Patrick M., and Kathryn Kinnucan-Welsch. "Constructing a New Taxonomy of Change: Michigan Administrators’ Perspectives on Current Change Processes." Journal of School Leadership 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469500500105.
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Reform in education is capturing national attention. While a macro view of change process from the policy, legislative or structural perspective is crucial, the perspectives of those engaged in the change process are equally important to the understanding of change in all of its complexity. This study examined the perceptions of administrators whose districts were involved in change processes. The responses from the administrators suggest a framing mechanism, or taxonomy, that represents the current state of change efforts in Michigan.
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Lindbom, Anders. "The Swedish Conservative Party and the Welfare State: Institutional Change and Adapting Preferences." Government and Opposition 43, no. 4 (2008): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.00268.x.
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AbstractAfter the 2006 elections, a bourgeois government came to power in Sweden. This article argues that the popularity of the ‘universal’ Swedish welfare state has led the dominant ‘neoliberal’ party (Moderaterna) to adapt its policies; the party has accepted that the modern welfare state is irreplaceable. In the short run the party can only hope to achieve incremental changes, but at the same time the party wants to change society (lower taxes) in the long run. The differences between the allegedly neoliberal 1980s and 2006 should not conceal that the mechanism of welfare popularity remains largely the same. The party's policy proposals tend to suggest only incremental changes in both periods.
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Chen, Xu, Qiwei Su, Jipan Yu, Mingrui Wei, Guanlun Guo, and Yun Wang. "Experimental study on the degradation mechanism of LaCoO3-based symmetric supercapacitors." RSC Advances 11, no. 41 (2021): 25170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03362j.
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Cycling tests for LaCoO3-based symmetric supercapacitors were carried out. The change in the valence state of Co in the electrode surface active material, LaCoO3, before and after the cycling test was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Solms, Mark. "Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 6 (December 2000): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00003988.
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The paradigmatic assumption that REM sleep is the physiological equivalent of dreaming is in need of fundamental revision. A mounting body of evidence suggests that dreaming and REM sleep are dissociable states, and that dreaming is controlled by forebrain mechanisms. Recent neuropsychological, radiological, and pharmacological findings suggest that the cholinergic brain stem mechanisms that control the REM state can only generate the psychological phenomena of dreaming through the mediation of a second, probably dopaminergic, forebrain mechanism. The latter mechanism (and thus dreaming itself) can also be activated by a variety of nonREM triggers. Dreaming can be manipulated by dopamine agonists and antagonists with no concomitant change in REM frequency, duration, and density. Dreaming can also be induced by focal forebrain stimulation and by complex partial (forebrain) seizures during nonREM sleep, when the involvement of brainstem REM mechanisms is precluded. Likewise, dreaming is obliterated by focal lesions along a specific (probably dopaminergic) forebrain pathway, and these lesions do not have any appreciable effects on REM frequency, duration, and density. These findings suggest that the forebrain mechanism in question is the final common path to dreaming and that the brainstem oscillator that controls the REM state is just one of the many arousal triggers that can activate this forebrain mechanism. The “REM-on” mechanism (like its various NREM equivalents) therefore stands outside the dream process itself, which is mediated by an independent, forebrain “dream-on” mechanism.
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Sun, Yuemei, Li Yuan, Xiaoqin Zhu, Weihua Wu, Yifeng Hu, and Zhitang Song. "Understanding the switching mechanism of oxygen-doped Sb phase-change material: Insights from first principles." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 11 (September 21, 2022): 115110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097229.
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The crystalline–amorphous–crystalline transition process of an oxygen-tuned Sb phase-change material has been obtained by employing ab initio molecular dynamic calculations. By analyzing the local atomic arrangement and the electron structure of the SbO system, the intrinsic mechanism is explored to comprehend the material function: (1) ultrafast crystallization and difficulty in creating a glassy state of a pure Sb material might be caused by the resonance bonding of linear arrangement Sb atoms in the rhombohedral phase; (2) the impurity oxygen atoms break the medium and long-range linear arrangement of the Sb network by steric effects and change the electronic structure of these Sb atoms bonded to oxygen atoms, i.e., the obvious increase in electron localization and the great decrease in state distribution around the Fermi surface due to the high electronegativity of oxygen. These factors set an effective barrier for crystallization and improve the amorphous stability and, thus, data retention. The present research and scheme provide important insights into the engineering and manipulation of a phase-change material through first-principles calculations toward non-volatile phase change memory.
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Nagy, Gabriela A., Paul Cernasov, Angela Pisoni, Erin Walsh, Gabriel S. Dichter, and Moria J. Smoski. "Reward Network Modulation as a Mechanism of Change in Behavioral Activation." Behavior Modification 44, no. 2 (October 13, 2018): 186–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445518805682.
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Behavioral Activation (BA) is a contemporary third-wave psychosocial treatment approach that emphasizes helping individuals become more active in ways that are meaningful to them as a means of improving mood and quality of life. BA has been designated as a well-established, validated treatment for depression by the American Psychological Association following several decades of accumulated empirical support demonstrating that BA techniques successfully reduce depression symptoms and produce other desirable outcomes across a variety of populations and contexts. The purported mechanism of change underlying BA treatment lies in increasing activation, which in turn increases contact with positive reinforcement thereby reversing the cycle of depression. Current studies are further investigating how increasing activation and subsequent contact with mood reinforcers can influence mood and behavior. Specifically, there is growing evidence that BA modifies function of reward-related networks in the brain, and that these changes are associated with clinical improvement. Herein, we provide a brief history of BA, describe the primary components of BA treatment, and describe BA’s purported mechanisms of change at behavioral, neural, and subjective activation levels. We present limitations as well as gaps in the current state of knowledge regarding mechanisms of action of BA.
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Schopf, Paul S., and Robert J. Burgman. "A Simple Mechanism for ENSO Residuals and Asymmetry." Journal of Climate 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2006): 3167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3765.1.
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Abstract A simple mechanism is offered that accounts for a change in the long-term (decadal scale) mean of ocean temperatures as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude changes. It is intended as an illustration of a kinematic effect of oscillating a nonlinear temperature profile with finite-amplitude excursions that will cause the Eulerian time mean temperature to rise (fall) where the curvature of the temperature is positive (negative) as the amplitude of the oscillations increases. This mechanism is found to be able to mimic observed changes in the mean sea surface temperatures in the Pacific between the 1920s, 1960s, and 1990s due to the changing ENSO amplitude. The effects alter both the calculated mean surface temperatures and the time mean temperatures at depth. It also results in a skewness of the temperature distribution that shares many properties with the observed SST. In this model, the time-local gradients of temperature never change if referenced to a single isotherm (i.e., the Lagrangian description is one of DT/Dt = 0). This implies that changes in the amplitude of ENSO will have no influence on the stability of the underlying system, and that the simple Eulerian decadal mean temperature structure has no predictive value. This is in direct contrast to recent work that ascribes a change in ENSO statistics as due to a change in the background state.
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Lukassek, Julia, and Alexandra Anna Spalek. "Distinguishing coercion and underspecification in Type Composition Logic." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 61 (January 1, 2018): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.61.2018.485.
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This paper investigates the meaning adaptability of change of state (CoS) verbs. Itargues that both coercion and underspecification are necessary mechanisms in order to properlyaccount for the semantic adaptability observable for CoS verbs in combination with theircomplements. This type of meaning adaptability has received little formal attention to date,although some recent work has already led the way on this topic (Spalek, 2014; Lukassek andSpalek, 2016; Asher et al., 2017). Our paper is part of a cross-linguistic case study of Germaneinfrieren and Spanish congelar (‘freeze’). We model the meaning adaptability of this test casewithin Type Composition Logic (TCL) (Asher, 2011). We build on Asher’s coercion mechanismand introduce an additional mechanism for underspecification that exploits the fine-grained typesystem in TCL.Keywords: lexical semantics, change of state verbs, coercion, underspecification, Type CompositionLogic.
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Kalderon, D. "The mechanism of hedgehog signal transduction." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 6 (October 26, 2005): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331509.
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Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are one of a small number of families of secreted signalling proteins that are responsible for cell interactions during development in many animals. As such, Hh signals produce many different responses at different times and in different cells. As for other multifunctional ligands, this requires regulated patterns of expression, special mechanisms for ligand movement between cells and ligand destruction, and mechanisms for integrating a generic signalling state (on or off) with the status of responding cells in order to produce an appropriate cell-specific response. Here I discuss what is known about the biochemical mechanisms by which an Hh signal is transduced in order to change the patterns of gene transcription.
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Chai, Fu Jun, and Jin You Xu. "Kinematic Analysis of Clamping and Rotating Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2003.
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In order to realize accurate rotation of steel pipe in automatic rolling pipe bender, a tilt cylinder six bar mechanism driven by pneumatic cylinder was presented. Based on the analysis of mechanism motion’s state, the motion process was divided into three working stages: clamping, rotating and loosening back. And kinematics parameters in every phase of the mechanism were obtained by complex number vector method, furthermore the mechanism kinematics characteristics of the whole process were gained. The results of the simulation example indicated that the mechanism has less change in velocity and more smooth motion during clamping and rotating stages.
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Chen, Min, Wenjing Xiao, Miao Li, Yixue Hao, Long Hu, and Guangming Tao. "A Multi-feature and Time-aware-based Stress Evaluation Mechanism for Mental Status Adjustment." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 18, no. 1s (February 28, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3462763.
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With the rapid economic development, the prominent social competition has led to increasing psychological pressure of people felt from each aspect of life. Driven by the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, intelligent psychological pressure detection systems based on deep learning and wearable devices have acquired some good results in practical application. However, existing studies argue that the psychological stress state is influenced by the current environment. They put much attention on the momentary features but ignore the dynamic change process of mental status in the time dimension. Besides, the lack of research in the general laws of psychological stress makes it difficult to quantitatively evaluate the stress status, resulting in the inability to perceive the stress state of users effectively. Thus, this article proposes an evaluation mechanism of psychological stress for adjusting the mental status of users. Specifically, we design a multi-dimensional feature space and a time-aware feature encoder, which integrate various stress features and capture time characteristics of stress state change. Moreover, a novel mental state model is proposed, which uses the pressure features with time characteristics to evaluate the pressure stress level. This model also quantifies the internal relationship between pressure features. Last, we establish a practicable testbed to demonstrate how to evaluate and adjust mental state of users by the proposed evaluation mechanism of psychological stress.
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Freed, A. D., S. V. Raj, and K. P. Walker. "Stress Versus Temperature Dependence of Activation Energies for Creep." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904139.
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The activation energy for creep at low stresses and elevated temperatures is associated with lattice diffusion, where the rate controlling mechanism for deformation is dislocation climb. At higher stresses and intermediate temperatures, the rate controlling mechanism changes from dislocation climb to obstacle-controlled dislocation glide. Along with this change in deformation mechanism occurs a change in the activation energy. When the rate controlling mechanism for deformation is obstacle-controlled dislocation glide, it is shown that a temperature-dependent Gibbs free energy does better than a stress-dependent Gibbs free energy in correlating steady-state creep data for both copper and LiF-22mol percent CaF2 hypereutectic salt.
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Busemeyer, Marius R., and Christine Trampusch. "Liberalization by Exhaustion: Transformative Change in the German Welfare State and Vocational Training System." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2013-0303.
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This article argues that tiro core domains of the German coordinated market economy have undergone transformative institutional change: the welfare stale and the vocational training system. We argue that this process is best described as a process of liberalization resulting from the exhaustion of traditional institutions. Exhaustion describes a mechanism of institutional change in which endogenous negative feedback effects, caused by the over extension of resources, lead to a transformation of the formerly symmetrical and consensual relationship between the state, employers and unions into an asymmetrical and conflictual one. The article contributes to the analysis of institutional change and applies the comparative method of the “parallel demonstration of theory”.
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Sindall, Rebecca, Thomas Mecrow, Ana Catarina Queiroga, Christopher Boyer, William Koon, and Amy E. Peden. "Drowning risk and climate change: a state-of-the-art review." Injury Prevention 28, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044486.
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Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk factors and preventive strategies for unintentional drowning in high-income and in low-income and middle-income countries has expanded understanding, but understanding of disaster and extreme weather-related drowning needs research focus. As nation states and researchers call for action on climate change, its impact on drowning has been largely ignored. This state-of-the-art review considers existing literature on climate change as a contributor to changes in drowning risks globally. Using selected climate change-related risks identified by the World Meteorological Organization and key risks to the Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, we consider the drowning risks associated with heat waves, hydrometeorological hazards, drought and water scarcity, damaged infrastructure, marine ecosystem collapse, displacement, and rising poverty and inequality. Although the degree of atmospheric warming remains uncertain, the impact of climate change on drowning risk is already taking place and can no longer be ignored. Greater evidence characterising the links between drowning and climate change across both high-income and low-income and middle-income contexts is required, and the implementation and evaluation of drowning interventions must reflect climate change risks at a local level, accounting for both geographical variation and the consequences of inequality. Furthermore, collaboration between the injury prevention, disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation sectors is crucial to both prevent climate change from stalling progress on preventing drowning and further advocate for climate change mitigation as a drowning risk reduction mechanism.
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Chirambo, Dumisani. "Principles for Enhancing Earth System Governance and Sustainable Development Through Informality." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Governance in Cognitive Cities 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegcc.20200101.oa1.
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Even though the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change introduced the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) framework as a novel mechanism for improving climate change governance and promoting sustainable development, some studies show that NDCs are still far from achieving the 2°C target. Non-state actors from the informal economy can potentially improve the implementation of the NDCs framework and Sustainable Development Goals framework as much of the urban population growth occurring in developing nations is taking place in slums/informal settlements. This paper is therefore an inductive inquiry to address knowledge gaps on how non-state actors can augment Earth System Governance and NDC implementation in the context of Global South cities. The paper highlights that Earth System Governance and climate change adaptation may be improved by increasing the use of South-South Climate Finance mechanisms in urban adaptation programmes and to facilitate institutional reforms that can lead to substantial increases in domestic tax collection.
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Chen, Li-Jun, Elizabeth B. Sawyer, and Sarah Perrett. "The yeast prion protein Ure2: insights into the mechanism of amyloid formation." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 5 (September 21, 2011): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0391359.
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Ure2, a regulator of nitrogen metabolism, is the protein determinant of the [URE3] prion state in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Upon conversion into the prion form, Ure2 undergoes a heritable conformational change to an amyloid-like aggregated state and loses its regulatory function. A number of molecular chaperones have been found to affect the prion properties of Ure2. The studies carried out in our laboratory have been aimed at elucidating the structure of Ure2 fibrils, the mechanism of amyloid formation and the effect of chaperones on the fibril formation of Ure2.
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Li, Ruizhi, Shuli Hu, Huan Liu, Ruiting Li, Dantong Ouyang, and Minghao Yin. "Multi-Start Local Search Algorithm for the Minimum Connected Dominating Set Problems." Mathematics 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121173.
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The minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) problem is a very significant NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, and it has been used in many fields such as wireless sensor networks and ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-start local search algorithm (MSLS) to tackle the minimum connected dominating set problem. Firstly, we present the fitness mechanism to design the vertex score mechanism so that our algorithm can jump out of the local optimum. Secondly, we use the configuration checking (CC) mechanism to avoid the cycling problem. Then, we propose the vertex flipping mechanism to change the vertex state by combing the CC mechanism with the vertex score mechanism. Finally, we propose a multi-start local search framework based on these mechanisms. We compare the algorithm MSLS with other compared algorithms on extensive instances. The results of experiment show that MSLS is superior to other algorithms in solution quality and time efficiency on most instances.
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Wang, Xianghai, Wei Cheng, Yining Feng, and Ruoxi Song. "TSCNet: Topological Structure Coupling Network for Change Detection of Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Images." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030621.
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With the development of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied in the field of change detection in heterogeneous remote sensing (RS) images and achieved remarkable results. However, most of the existing methods of heterogeneous RS image change detection only extract deep features to realize the whole image transformation and ignore the description of the topological structure composed of the image texture, edge, and direction information. The occurrence of change often means that the topological structure of the ground object has changed. As a result, these algorithms severely limit the performance of change detection. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new topology-coupling-based heterogeneous RS image change detection network (TSCNet). TSCNet transforms the feature space of heterogeneous images using an encoder–decoder structure and introduces wavelet transform, channel, and spatial attention mechanisms. The wavelet transform can obtain the details of each direction of the image and effectively capture the image’s texture features. Unnecessary features are suppressed by allocating more weight to areas of interest via channels and spatial attention mechanisms. As a result of the organic combination of a wavelet, channel attention mechanism, and spatial attention mechanism, the network can focus on the texture information of interest while suppressing the difference of images from different domains. On this basis, a bitemporal heterogeneous RS image change detection method based on the TSCNet framework is proposed. The experimental results on three public heterogeneous RS image change detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed change detection framework achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods.
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Yan, Tao, Feifei Zheng, Yonggui Yu, Shubin Qin, Hong Liu, Jiyang Wang, and Dehong Yu. "Formation mechanism of black LiTaO3single crystals through chemical reduction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810052520.
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Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3, LT) wafers of different colors were prepared through chemical reduction of regular congruent LT wafers. Samples with different colors corresponding to different annealing temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and measurements of the Curie temperature and density. It was found that chemical reduction does not influence the basic LT structure. The Ta charge state change due to chemical reduction was found to be the main reason for the formation of black LT wafers.
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Zhou, Lichao, Gang Wang, Rong Hu, Xiqi Liu, Dongxing Wang, Leibo Song, and Yong Niu. "Study on the Failure Mechanism of Strain Rockburst." Shock and Vibration 2022 (July 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1663350.
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Among the factors affecting rock mass failure, the stress state has the greatest influence on the mechanical behavior of rock. The mechanical behavior of rock depends on the change of stress path, and the stress of rock mass is closely related to deformation and failure. In order to study the influence of surrounding rock stress state on the failure mode of surrounding rock, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and fracture mechanics, this paper analyzed the stress state of surrounding rock element and crack propagation of surrounding rock, and estimated the potential failure mode of surrounding rock in different areas of a phosphate mine in Yichang. The results showed that: the surrounding rock element is affected by the gradient stress, and a larger stress gradient corresponds to a larger principal stress ratio and variation direction of the surrounding rock. The failure mode of surrounding rock is affected by the coupling effect of principal stress ratio and principal stress direction. Under the action of certain crack angle and appropriate confining pressure, different fracture mechanisms may occur in the surrounding rock compression. But the partition of surrounding rock failure mode region can predict the surrounding rock failure mode to a certain extent.
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Zhu, Yixin, Fengli Zhang, and Wenqiang Guo. "An Immunization Strategy Based on Propagation Mechanism." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/971497.
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With the ubiquity of smart phones, wearable equipment, and wireless sensors, the topologies of networks composed by them change along with time. The immunization strategies in which network immune nodes are chosen by analyzing the static aggregation network topologies have been challenged. The studies about interaction propagations between two pathogens show that the interaction can change propagation threshold and the final epidemic size of each other, which provides a new thinking of immunization method. The eradication or inhibition of the virus can be achieved through the spread of its opposite party. Here, we put forward an immunization strategy whose implementation does not depend on the analysis of network topology. The immunization agents are randomly placed on a few of individuals of network and spread out from these individuals on network in a propagation method. The immunization agents prevent virus infecting their habitat nodes with certain immune success rate. The analysis and simulation of evolution equation of the model show that immune propagation has a significant impact on the spread threshold and steady-state density of virus on a finite size of BA networks. Simulations on some real-world networks also suggest that the immunization strategy is feasible and effective.
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Xue, Wei Pei, and Lai Wang Jing. "The Mechanical Mechanism of Hulking Force Stable Principle of Surrounding Rocks in Soft Rock Roadway." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.830.
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This paper aims to reveal the important role of the hulking force in stabilizing the roadway. After introducing the three ultimate strength of the foundation rock upon, starting from the perspective of stress state, the article on the deformation area surrounding rock for a more reasonable division, and thus gives the main factors roadway deformation.Introduced in the basis of the three ultimate strength of the rock, from the perspective of stress state, deformation of roadway surrounding rock area to carry on the reasonable division, and then the main factors of roadway deformation is presented. Second, through the analysis of the formation of the hulking force, analysis of hulking force inhibition of surrounding rock creep mechanism of dynamic mechanics,and analysis of the hulking force to improve the effect of supporting mechanics mechanism. Describes the important role of the hulking force on the stability of surrounding rock. Finally, Huaibei Coal Mining Co., 8203 guobei roadway industrial test site, Demonstrates the effectiveness of the principle. Results of this study have important reference value to change the current research in deep coal mine deep soft rock and loose seam roadway support mechanism and technology.