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Journal articles on the topic 'State anxiety'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

DE MORAES, MAYRA GRAVA, Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi, and Gleyce Soares dos Reis. "Anxiety-state." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487521.45191.fc.

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2

Renzi, Deborah Ann. "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory." Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 18, no. 2 (July 1985): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1985.12022795.

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3

Landers, D. M., S. M. Arent, T. J. Rogers, C. X. He, and M. R. Lochbaum. "THE STATE ANXIETY INVENTORY." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00164.

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4

Rosén, Anne-Sofie. "State anxiety and abortion." Anxiety Research 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615808808248224.

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5

Schisler, Tanis, Janice Lander, and Susan Fowler-Kerry. "Assessing Children’s State Anxiety." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 16, no. 2 (August 1998): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00033-5.

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6

McCargo, Duncan. "Thailand: State of Anxiety." Southeast Asian Affairs 2008, no. 1 (April 2008): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/seaa08r.

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7

Alasheev, S. Iu, and S. V. Bykov. "Teachers' State of Anxiety." Russian Education & Society 44, no. 12 (December 2002): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393441262.

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8

KARAKAŞ, Ahmet Canan, and Gülşah Geçimli. "The Effect of Istighfar on State and Trait Anxiety." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.03.008.

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9

Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M., and Maher Mahmoud Omar. "Death Anxiety, State and Trait Anxiety in Kuwaitian Samples." Psychological Reports 63, no. 3 (December 1988): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.715.

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200 male and 277 female undergraduates at the University of Kuwait completed the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and Spielberger, et al.'s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for which retest reliabilities were adequate. Women had higher mean scores than men on death and trait anxiety but they were similar in state anxiety. The mean death anxiety score for Kuwaitians was very close to that of Egyptians. There was similarity in death anxiety between Kuwaitian and United States men, but not women. Significant differences appeared on trait anxiety, showing the order from low to high mean scores: United States, Kuwaitian, and Egyptian university students. Correlations among the scales were significant; however, the correlation between state and trait anxiety was higher than that between death anxiety and both state and trait anxiety for men and women. Death anxiety was associated more closely with trait than with state anxiety.

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10

Liebman, Sarah E., and George J. Allen. "Anxiety sensitivity, state anxiety and perceptions of facial emotions." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 9, no. 4 (July 1995): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(95)00007-b.

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11

PETRUZZELLO, STEVEN J., and DANIEL M. LANDERS. "State anxiety reduction and exercise." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, no. 8 (August 1994): 1028???1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199408000-00015.

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12

Gadberry, A. L. "Steady Beat and State Anxiety." Journal of Music Therapy 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/48.3.346.

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13

Endler, Norman S., and Nancy L. Kocovski. "State and trait anxiety revisited." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 15, no. 3 (May 2001): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(01)00060-3.

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14

Xu, Ping, Claudia González-Vallejo, and Zhe Hong Xiong. "State anxiety reduces procrastinating behavior." Motivation and Emotion 40, no. 4 (March 31, 2016): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9554-x.

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15

Kochetova, A. "Pharmacological study of anxiety state." Behavioural Pharmacology 6, SUPPLEMENT 1 (May 1995): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199505001-00015.

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16

Beckers, John J., Jelte M. Wicherts, and Henk G. Schmidt. "Computer Anxiety: “Trait” or “State”?" Computers in Human Behavior 23, no. 6 (November 2007): 2851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.06.001.

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17

Hong, Eunsook, and Lewis Karstensson. "Antecedents of State Test Anxiety." Contemporary Educational Psychology 27, no. 2 (April 2002): 348–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2001.1095.

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18

Cretu, Crina-Florica. "Anxiety in puberty." Univers Pedagogic, no. 2(74) (August 2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52387/1811-5470.2022.2.13.

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The changes that occur in puberty have a major impact on multiple areas, especially on the emotional state, the self-image and the whole personality. Often, the preadolescent feels confused, awkward and clumsy. In other words, inappropiate to the ideal image. This influences the way he perceives, understands and judges himself. From here, there is only one more step in feeling anxious, stressed and easily influenced. Frequent anxiety states cause an inacurrate self-image, the individual feeling as different in a negative way. Physical activities in this stage of life are important since the emotional state and self-image changes and also the social integration of the preadolescent.

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19

Chell, Kathleen, Daniel Waller, and Barbara Masser. "The Blood Donor Anxiety Scale: a six-item state anxiety measure based on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory." Transfusion 56, no. 6pt2 (March 28, 2016): 1645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.13520.

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20

Thomas, Christopher L., and Jerrell C. Cassady. "Validation of the State Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a University Sample." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211031900.

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Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Model makes a theoretical distinction between the contribution of dispositional anxiety and the transitory experience of anxiety to performance difficulties during testing situations. According to the State-Trait framework, state anxiety is viewed as the primary performance barrier for test-anxious students, and as such, educators and educational researchers have expressed interest in validated, state anxiety measurement tools. Currently, the most widely used measure of state anxiety is the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. However, evidence regarding the psychometric properties of this scale is relatively scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the structural validity, reliability, and concurrent/divergent validity of the instrument. Participants ( N = 294) completed the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale 2nd Edition, and an exam task. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested the viability of one-, two-, and bi-factor solutions for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution consisting of State Anxiety and State Calmness dimensions provided superior fit to the observed data. Results of a reliability analysis indicated that the State Anxiety and State Calmness factors demonstrated excellent internal consistency when applied to university students. Our discussion concerns the utility of the State Anxiety factor as a tool for the identification of test-anxious students.

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21

Embong, Hashim, Chiew Yuen Ting, Muhamad Supi Ramli, and Husyairi Harunarashid. "Heightened anxiety state among parents of sick children attending emergency department using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 27, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024907918807384.

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Background: The anxiety and stress level of both parent and child seeking treatment at the emergency department is assumed to be high. However, it is rarely quantified as to ascertain any need for intervention. Objective: The study seeks to quantify anxiety of parents accompanying sick children presenting acutely to the emergency department and to explore possible pre-visit factors that may contribute to anxiety. Methods: A 12-month cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. All parents accompanying a child presenting to the study location, fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were invited to participate. Parents required to fill a self-administered questionnaire on anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and any related factors that can influence anxiety. Results: A total of 233 subjects were recruited. The mean state anxiety score was 53.48 ± 11.36, compared to the mean score for trait anxiety of 39.85 ± 7.66, suggesting a heightened state of anxiety. Majority of subjects (65.7%) had reported clinically detected anxiety as defined by state anxiety score above 49. There was no significant association between parental anxiety level with pre-visit factors: children’s age, duration of illness, the presence of co-morbidities, time of presentation, prior medical contact and primary care referral. The child’s state of illness was the dominant psychosocial factor associated with parental anxiety reported by the subjects. Conclusion: Parental anxiety upon arrival appeared to be significantly higher than expected, suggesting intervention may be needed.

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22

Tovilovic, Snezana, Zdenka Novovic, Ljiljana Mihic, and Veljko Jovanovic. "The role of trait anxiety in induction of state anxiety." Psihologija 42, no. 4 (2009): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0904491t.

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The reported study had the following goals: to determine psychometric characteristics of a new instrument purpoting to measure trait anxiety - AT29, to explore the effectiveness of a mood induction procedure in eliciting state anxiety, and to determine the role of trait anxiety, as measured by AT29, in responding to mood induction. AT29 was administered as a part of a larger test battery to 232 psychology students during a mass testing session. After three weeks, 90 students were randomly selected to participate in the second, experimental phase of the study. These selected participants were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (mood-induction group) in which participants watched a video clip with a fear-inducing content and control group in which participants watched a neutral video clip of the same duration as the fear-inducing clip. State anxiety was measured in both groups using the STAI-S questionnaire right before and after mood induction. It was demonstrated that there is a significant association between trait anxiety as measured by AT29 and state anxiety obtained at both measurement occasionsbefore and after mood induction. Following fear induction, the experimental group demonstrated higher state anxiety scores. However, the interaction between group membership and trait anxiety was not significant. Potential explanations regarding the lack of effect of trait anxiety on state anxiety in this mood induction experiment were discussed as well as some recommendations for future research. Additionally, the results suggested that AT29 has very good psychometric characteristics: high internal consistency and test-retest reliability (.96 and .86 respectively), as well as good divergent and convergent validity.

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23

Renner, Karl-Heinz, Michael Hock, Ralf Bergner-Köther, and Lothar Laux. "Differentiating anxiety and depression: the State-Trait Anxiety-Depression Inventory." Cognition and Emotion 32, no. 7 (December 8, 2016): 1409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1266306.

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24

Ponzini, Gabriella T., and Shari A. Steinman. "Mnemonic discrimination and social anxiety: the role of state anxiety." Cognition and Emotion 34, no. 8 (June 12, 2020): 1549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2020.1779039.

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25

Endler, Norman S., Jean M. Edwards, Romeo Vitelli, and James D. A. Parker. "Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Endler multidimensional anxiety scales." Anxiety Research 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08917778908249322.

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26

Glotzbach-Schoon, Evelyn, Marta Andreatta, Andreas Mühlberger, and Paul Pauli. "Reinstatement of contextual anxiety in humans: Effects of state anxiety." International Journal of Psychophysiology 98, no. 3 (December 2015): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.013.

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27

Macher, Daniel, Manuela Paechter, Ilona Papousek, Kai Ruggeri, H. Harald Freudenthaler, and Martin Arendasy. "Statistics anxiety, state anxiety during an examination, and academic achievement." British Journal of Educational Psychology 83, no. 4 (September 24, 2012): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02081.x.

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28

Bruce, Malcolm, and Malcolm Lader. "DSM-III-R state anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorder patients." Biological Psychiatry 30, no. 5 (September 1991): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(91)90316-e.

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29

Um, TaeHo, Mirihae Kim, and Jung-Ho Kim. "The Relation between Social Anxiety, Self-Focused Attention and State Anxiety: The Moderated Mediation Effect of the Self-image on a Screen." STRESS 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.4.234.

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Background: This study examined how seeing one’s own image during video communication affects the cognitive process of social anxiety. Methods: Fifty-two university students were recruited and assessed for social anxiety and dispositional self-focused attention. They were randomly assigned to different exposure and size settings of self-images on a screen (none, middle, big). Subsequently, a simulated video interview was conducted. During the experiment, changes in state anxiety (subjective anxiety, heart rate) and state self-focused attention were assessed. Results: First, self-focused attention mediated the effect of social anxiety on subjective anxiety. Second, the mediation effect of state self-focused attention on social anxiety’s influence on subjective anxiety was not moderated by the exposure and size of the self-image on the screen. Third, the mediation effect of dispositional self-focused attention on social anxiety’s influence on subjective anxiety was moderated by the exposure and size of the self-image on the screen. The moderated mediation effects of the exposure and size of the self-image on the screen were significant for middle and big sizes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dispositional self-focused attention—a cognitive characteristic of social anxiety—can interact with the exposure and size of a self-image on a screen, causing higher anxiety.

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30

Mladenka, Jennifer D., Chris R. Sawyer, and Ralph R. Behnke. "Anxiety sensitivity and speech trait anxiety as predictors of state anxiety during public speaking." Communication Quarterly 46, no. 4 (September 1998): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463379809370112.

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31

Alkozei, Anna, Cathy Creswell, Peter J. Cooper, and John J. B. Allen. "Autonomic arousal in childhood anxiety disorders: Associations with state anxiety and social anxiety disorder." Journal of Affective Disorders 175 (April 2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.056.

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32

Mabweazara, Smart Z., Lloyd Leach, and Barry S. Andrews. "Predicting swimming performance using state anxiety." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316645060.

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Competitive state anxiety is a common response to stressful competitive sports situations that could affect athletic performance. The effects of state anxiety on swimming performance need further inquiry. The aim of the study was to determine the component of state anxiety that best predicts swimming performance. A quantitative, cross-sectional study design that made use of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 to measure precompetitive state anxiety was used. A total of 61 male high school swimmers whose age ranged between 14 and 19 years ( M = 16.16, standard deviation = 1.66 years) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr before competing in a 50-m individual swimming event. Performance was evaluated using finishing position. Due to the relatively short duration of the 50-m event, the available literature would suggest that Somatic Anxiety would have a greater effect on Performance—there is not enough time to allow cognitive anxiety to have a detrimental impact on performance. Thus, it was hypothesized that somatic rather than cognitive anxiety will best predict swimming performance. It emerged that both cognitive ( b = .787; p < .001) and somatic anxieties ( b = .840; p < .001) can independently predict swimming performance. However, when both cognitive and somatic anxieties were regressed onto swimming performance, somatic anxiety partially dominated cognitive anxiety ( b = .626; p < .001) and became the significant predictor of swimming performance. It is recommended that swimmers and swimming coaches make use of specific intervention strategies that eradicate the detrimental effects of somatic anxiety immediately before competition.

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33

Ahlawat, Poonam, Rathish Nair, and A. Right Kumari Devi. "Anxiety Among Cancer Patients at Selected Hospital of Haryana." Nursing Journal of India CVI, no. 04 (2015): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2015.cvi406.

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The experience of being diagnosed with and treated for cancer is extremely stressful for most individuals involving a series of threats during diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the study was to explore the anxiety among cancer patients. The study involved 100 cancer patients. Data was collected by using standardised tool i.e. state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Participants reported moderate low state-trait anxiety (36% and 34% of cancer patients were in moderate low anxiety level in state-trait anxiety inventory respectively). The mean score for state-trait anxiety inventory was 92.74 with S.D ± 29.94 and mean percent as 57.96. The state anxiety was found associated with demographic variables that were: religious activities (34.15) and importance of religious activities (21.33) and clinical variables were found to be associated with duration of diagnosis (26.23) and stage of disease (27.02) at 0.05 level of significance. The trait anxiety was found associated with demographic variables (14.13), marital status (10.90); clinical variables were found to be associated with diagnosis (42.89), duration of diagnosis (27.64) and stage of disease (32.61) at 0.05 level of significance. So, it can be concluded that as duration and stage of disease increases stress level decreases and it was also affected by gender, marital status, diagnosis, duration and stage of disease.

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34

Lane, Andrew M., Jody S. E. Rodger, and Costas I. Karageorghis. "Antecedents of State Anxiety in Rugby." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 2 (April 1997): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.427.

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The purpose of this study was to extend research investigating the antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety into the sport of rugby. Participants ( N = 86; age: M = 23.7 yr., SD = 4.8 yr.) completed a 10-item Prematch Questionnaire developed to assess the antecedents of anxiety and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr. prior to competition. Factor analysis of intercorrelations of scores on the Prematch Questionnaire indicated that three factors accounted for 63.3% of the variance. These were labelled Perceived Readiness, Match Conditions, and Coach Influence. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that Perceived Readiness predicted rated Self-confidence and Somatic Anxiety. Game conditions also predicted Self-confidence. Collectively, these factors accounted for 30% of Self-confidence and 11% of Somatic Anxiety. No factor predicted Cognitive Anxiety. Findings support the notion that each sport has unique stressors and that researchers should seek sport-specific measures of the antecedents of anxiety.

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35

Endler, Norman S., Ludmila Kantor, and James D. A. Parker. "State-trait coping, state-trait anxiety and academic performance." Personality and Individual Differences 16, no. 5 (May 1994): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90208-9.

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36

Ao, Yibin, Hao Zhu, Fanrong Meng, Yan Wang, Gui Ye, Linchuan Yang, Na Dong, and Igor Martek. "The Impact of Social Support on Public Anxiety amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 9097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239097.

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The recent coronavirus outbreak has captured worldwide attention. This study investigated the anxiety of the Chinese public and its relationship with social support during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby providing empirical support for interventions on improving the public’s mental health. On the basis of an online questionnaire survey conducted on 10–18 February 2020, this study shows that 19.8%, 68.5%, and 11.1% of the respondents suffered mild anxiety, moderate anxiety, and severe anxiety, respectively. Significant differences are reported in state anxiety between people with different household incomes. There are significant differences in trait anxiety and state anxiety between different social support groups. Social support and trait anxiety are negatively correlated. Social support and state anxiety are negatively correlated. Social support affects state anxiety both directly and indirectly (through the mediation of trait anxiety). Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing public support for society can effectively reduce public anxiety.

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37

Leal, Pollyana Caldeira, Tiago Costa Goes, Luiz Carlos Ferreira da Silva, and Flavia Teixeira-Silva. "Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 39, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0044.

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Abstract Objective Anxiety as a uni- or multidimensional construct has been under discussion. The unidimensional approach assumes that there is a general trait anxiety, which predisposes the individuals to increases in state anxiety in various threatening situations. In this case, there should be a correlation between state and trait anxiety in any situation of threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between trait and state anxiety in participants exposed to two different anxiogenic situations: interpersonal threat (Video-Monitored Stroop Test – VMST) and physical threat (third molar extraction – TME). Methods Participants with various levels of trait anxiety (general trait: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; specific trait: Social Phobia Inventory, Dental Anxiety Scale) had their anxious state evaluated (STAI, self-evaluation of tension level, heart rate, electromyogram activity) before, during and after the VMST or the TME. Results In VMST, trait anxiety correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) in all test phases. However, in TME, the only trait measurement that correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) was the Dental Anxiety Scale. Conclusion Trait anxiety correlates positively to state anxiety in situations of interpersonal threat, but not of physical threat.

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38

Cooley, Eric J. "Situational and Trait Determinants of Competitive State Anxiety." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3 (June 1987): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3.767.

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53 participants in a weekend tennis tournament completed the Competitive Short Form of the State Anxiety Inventory and questions about the specific situation (e.g., their chance of winning, presence of an audience) immediately before playing a tournament match. Immediately after the match participants completed outcome measures (e.g., win/loss, the impact of tension upon their performance). Two trait anxiety measures were given in a follow-up. Competitive trait anxiety from the Sport Competition Anxiety Test was the best predictor of state anxiety. Perceived chance of winning was the only situational factor which was significantly related to state anxiety. Match outcome was also more closely related to competitive trait anxiety than to state anxiety or generalized trait anxiety. The trait-anxiety measure which focused upon competition was a more useful predictor of state anxiety than the generalized measure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

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39

Koga, Sayo, Mika Seto, Shigeaki Moriyama, and Toshihiro Kikuta. "Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X." Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 17, no. 3 (2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2017.17.3.183.

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40

De Mojà, Carmelo A., and Gualtiero De Mojà. "State-Trait Anxiety and Motocross Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 1 (February 1986): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.1.107.

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41

Брагин, Д. Б., А. А. Астахов, and А. Ю. Турчанинов. "STATE ANXIETY ASSESSMENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE." Annals of critical care, no. 4 (2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21320/1818-474x-2017-4-47-52.

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42

Mahmoud, Dalia Abdel Moneim, Zainab Bishry Abdel Hamid, Amany Haroun El-Rasheed Abdel Hamid, Heba Hamed El-Shahawi, and Marwa Abdel Rahman Soltan. "State–trait anxiety and smoking abstinence." Middle East Current Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xme.0000407823.79651.16.

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43

Turner, Ralph M. "Welcome to the State of Anxiety." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 31, no. 11 (November 1986): 902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024266.

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44

Van Knippenberg, F. C. E., H. J. Duivenvoorden, B. Bonke, and J. Passchier. "Shortening the state-trait anxiety inventory." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 43, no. 9 (January 1990): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(90)90083-2.

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45

Court, Helen, Katy Greenland, and Tom H. Margrain. "Predicting State Anxiety in Optometric Practice." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 11 (November 2009): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181bb4212.

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46

Harris, Kay B., Chris R. Sawyer, and Ralph R. Behnke. "Predicting Speech State Anxiety from Trait Anxiety, Reactivity, and Situational Influences." Communication Quarterly 54, no. 2 (June 2006): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463370600650936.

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47

Rothrock, Nan E., Alicia K. Matthews, Sarah A. Sellergren, Gini Fleming, and Marcy List. "State Anxiety and Cancer-Specific Anxiety in Survivors of Breast Cancer." Journal of Psychosocial Oncology 22, no. 4 (November 18, 2005): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j077v22n04_06.

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48

Solbach, Patricia, Joseph Sargent, and Lolafaye Coyne. "Tension Headache & Anxiety: A Focus on the State Anxiety Measurement." Cephalalgia 5, no. 3_suppl (July 1985): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024850050s387.

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49

King, Paul R., and Norman S. Endler. "The trait anxiety-perception score: A composite predictor for state anxiety." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58, no. 4 (1990): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.679.

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Cox, Richard H., Matthew P. Martens, and William D. Russell. "Measuring Anxiety in Athletics: The Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519.

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to revise the factor structure of the CSAI-2 using one data set, and then to use CFA to validate the revised structure using a second data set. The first data set (calibration sample) consisted of 503 college-age intramural athletes, and the second (validation sample) consisted of 331 intercollegiate (Division I) and interscholastic athletes. The results of the initial CFA on the calibration sample resulted in a poor fit to the data. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Test (Gamma) as a guide, CSAI-2 items that loaded on more than one factor were sequentially deleted. The resulting 17-item revised CSAI-2 was then subjected to a CFA using the validation data sample. The results of this CFA revealed a good fit of the data to the model (CFI = .95, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .054). It is suggested that the CSAI-2R instead of the CSAI-2 be used by researchers and practitioners for measuring competitive state anxiety in athletes.

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