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1
Pustovrh, Ales, Marko Jaklič, Domen Bole, and Blaž Zupan. "How to Create a Successful Regional Startup Ecosystem: A Policy-making Analysis." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 17, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 747–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/17.3.747-768(2019).
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The paper analyses regional startup ecosystems in South-East Europe and policy measures implemented in individual ecosystems. It shows that different startup ecosystems have different levels of support measures and different levels of success in creating, growing and retaining local startups and attracting startups from other regions. Results show that policy-makers can help create attractive ecosystems and thus create business environments that can greatly enhance the attraction of their ecosystem for domestic startup and attract foreign startups. If successful, this can result in a virtuous circle of constantly increasing attractiveness of a regional startup ecosystem.
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Krisharyanto, Authors Edi, and Ari Purwadi. "Internet Economy and Startup Business Development and Policy in Economic Law Perspectives." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (April 30, 2021): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.80.
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This study aims to analyze the development of startup business in Indonesia which is facing legal and regulatory barriers, namely legal issues, taxation, employment, intellectual property rights. By using a conceptual and empirical approach, the results showed that the fundamental legal problem faced by startup business in Indonesia is about the legality of establishing a startup business. Moreover, it relates to the legal standing of a business entity and its legal accountability. The theoretical implication of the findings underlines the startup business settings which are in need to be developed in the realm of economic law that leads to the regulation and legal thinking of ways to support the national economy. The practical implications suggest the development of startup business as a pioneering business entity in the field of commerce based on entrepreneurship and the internet economy.
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Saura, Jose Ramon, Pedro Palos-Sanchez, and Antonio Grilo. "Detecting Indicators for Startup Business Success: Sentiment Analysis Using Text Data Mining." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030917.
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The main aim of this study is to identify the key factors in User Generated Content (UGC) on the Twitter social network for the creation of successful startups, as well as to identify factors for sustainable startups and business models. New technologies were used in the proposed research methodology to identify the key factors for the success of startup projects. First, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was used, which is a state-of-the-art thematic modeling tool that works in Python and determines the database topic by analyzing tweets for the #Startups hashtag on Twitter (n = 35.401 tweets). Secondly, a Sentiment Analysis was performed with a Supervised Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm that works with Machine Learning in Python. This was applied to the LDA results to divide the identified startup topics into negative, positive, and neutral sentiments. Thirdly, a Textual Analysis was carried out on the topics in each sentiment with Text Data Mining techniques using Nvivo software. This research has detected that the topics with positive feelings for the identification of key factors for the startup business success are startup tools, technology-based startup, the attitude of the founders, and the startup methodology development. The negative topics are the frameworks and programming languages, type of job offers, and the business angels’ requirements. The identified neutral topics are the development of the business plan, the type of startup project, and the incubator’s and startup’s geolocation. The limitations of the investigation are the number of tweets in the analyzed sample and the limited time horizon. Future lines of research could improve the methodology used to determine key factors for the creation of successful startups and could also study sustainable issues.
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Díaz-Santamaría, Carlos, and Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal. "Econometric Estimation of the Factors That Influence Startup Success." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042242.
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Technology startups are important regional economic engines that are recognized as drivers of sustainable economic growth. Understanding the factors that influence their success is of interest both to the scientific community and to practitioners. However, there is currently no consensus in the literature on how to define the success of a technology startup. Startup success has multiple dimensions and different theoretical approaches and empirical contexts. Therefore, in the present work, our aim is to identify ways of measuring the success of a technology startup. Using a review of the literature and interviews with entrepreneurs and venture capital investors, we identified two common success indicators: achieving significant revenue and obtaining financing. We then analyzed the factors that have the greatest impact on startup success using 340 startups. We used a multivariate model based on independent econometric estimates for each of the two ways of defining the success of a technology startup. The main conclusion is that there are four factors that have a significant influence on the two ways of measuring success: the location of the startup, the promoting partners’ dedication, the age of the company, and the existence of nonpromoting partners.
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Boiarynova, Kateryna, and Kateryna Kopishynska. "Analysis of Logistics Startups Development in the EU Countries and Ukraine." Science and Innovation 17, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine17.02.105.
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Introduction. Accelerating technological development is a driving force of innovative entrepreneurship inall areas. Young and creative people offer to the market their non-standard solutions in the form of startupprojects. Currently, the development of a startup ecosystem reflects country’s interest in and promotion of newtechnologies.Problem Statement. The efficiency of transport and logistics activities reflects the development of the infrastructure of a country as a whole and significantly affects the efficiency of economic activities. The development and implementation of logistics startups, given the experience of advanced economies, may help find solutions to certain problems of industry and its further development.Purpose. The purpose is to analyze the market of logistics startups of the EU Member States and Ukraine, todetermine the directions of its further development.Materials and Methods. In the research, general and special methods have been used: analysis and synthesisfor determining the sectoral structure of formation and development of startups in the EU and Ukraine; correlation analysis for establishing the dependence between the indicators of development of startup ecosystems and indices of logistic activity of countries, grouping for distributing logistic startups of the EU and Ukraine countries by clusters; graphical method for designing a roadmap for logistics startup development.Results. The current sectoral structure of the EU and Ukrainian startups has been researched, the share oftransport and logistics projects has been determined. The EU and Ukraine rankings in terms of the indicators of the development of startup ecosystems and logistic activity have been analyzed. The correlation analysis has shown a sufficiently close relationship between countries' ratings of startup ecosystems and logistics activity. The mainlogistics startups of the EU and Ukrainian countries are grouped in certain clusters of logistics startups. A roadmap for the development of logistics and transport startups for the EU and Ukraine has been proposed.Conclusions. To date, logistics startups are not among the priorities for the market development in the EU and Ukraine. However, logistical activity in the country may be not only one of the areas where startups are developed, but also a part to the infrastructure of the startup ecosystem. Both the EU Member States and Ukraine are expected to develop startups in high-tech clusters in the future.
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Harahap, Anggi Purnama, Rahmad Ramadhan Hasibuan, and Lupitta Risma Candanni. "Peluang dan Tantangan Initial Public Offering (IPO) Pada Perusahaan Start-Up di Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/ijoieb.v5i2.294.
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This paper will discuss the initial public offering (IPO) for startup companies. Case study of PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa Go-Jek. The discussion in this paper will emphasize startups and their comparison with IPOs in ordinary companies (Case Study PT Jasa Armada Indonesia, Tbk) and other startup companies, namely PT Kioson Commercial Indonesia, Tbk) in 2017. A qualitative approach with normative descriptive and benchmark method is used to analyze the problem mention above. This research finds that in general, public regulations and general guidance in Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market and other related regulations sufficient to meet the requirements of going public for public companies. But with the development of startup companies in Indonesia, especially PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa (Go-Jek), planning to conduct an initial public offering encourages the government to immediately make decisions on the initial public offering process rules so that these arrangements will not only reach ordinary companies with the number of assets large but also able to reach start-up companies to contribute to the development of the national economy.
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Ильин, Андрей, and Andrey Ilin. "The constitutional startup of Russia in the global constitutionalization context." Comparative Research In Law and Politics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1933.
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The process of the global constitutianalization has been
started by the European civilization (English constitutional acts of
the second half of the 17th century). Maturation of the constitutionalism
is a part of the social development during the industrial period.
The constitution in its classical form should be free of any social
estates influence and political inequality. The constitutianalization
of Europe in the rough was completed by the end of the 20th century.
Russia became a nominal constitution as one of the last great European
powers. To make an objective analysis, we should compare
Russia with equal intercontinental countries: the European Powers
with their colonies. All of these states never had an all-national
constitutional act. Thus the Russian “Fundamental laws” from
the 23th of April 1906 were at the level of the most big countries
having a European metropolis, moreover they surpassed them,
because the written fundamental law was an empire-wide act,
however, their proper constitutional provisions did not apply to all
the patrials. The constitutional component of the Russian fundamental
law corresponded the baseline of European constitutionalism
of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries: a dualistic monarchy.
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Aldianto, Leo, Grisna Anggadwita, Anggraeni Permatasari, Isti Raafaldini Mirzanti, and Ian O. Williamson. "Toward a Business Resilience Framework for Startups." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063132.
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Covid-19 has had a significant impact on the disruption of the global economic sector, including for startup businesses. This encourages entrepreneurs to carry out a continuous innovation process to become more ambidextrous and continue to innovate in an effort to futureproof their business. The paper aims to provide a business resilience framework by exploring capability (innovation ambidexterity, dynamic capability, and technology capability), behavior (agile leadership), and knowledge (knowledge stock) in startup businesses. This study uses a literature review synthesis to gain a greater understanding of startup resilience and its implementation. This study also uses a case study approach in building a framework by obtaining data from semi-structured interviews with three startups owners in Indonesia. This preliminary research has identified four propositions that will be used to develop questionnaires and data collection instruments. Thus, this study provides new insights on how startups can overcome contradictory pressures for business resilience in anticipating, dealing with, and emerging from business turbulence due to the Covid-19 pandemic by considering the factors proposed in this study. The implications and recommendations of this study are also discussed in detail.
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Mahajanam, Sudhakar P. V., and Mike W. Joosten. "Offshore-Platform Startup Challenges: Materials Integrity and Remediation." SPE Projects, Facilities & Construction 6, no. 01 (March 1, 2011): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/140433-pa.
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Serio, Riccardo Gianluigi, Maria Michela Dickson, Diego Giuliani, and Giuseppe Espa. "Green Production as a Factor of Survival for Innovative Startups: Evidence from Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229464.
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Many studies have analyzed empirically the determinants of survival for innovative startup companies using data about the characteristics of entrepreneurs and management or focusing on firm- and industry-specific variables. However, no attempts have been made so far to assess the role of the environmental sustainability of the production process. Based on data describing the characteristics of the Italian innovative startups in the period 2009–2018, this article studies the differences in survival between green and non-green companies. We show that, while controlling for other confounding factors, startups characterized by a green production process tend to survive longer than their counterparts. In particular, we estimate that a green innovative startup is more than twice as likely to survive than a non-green one. This evidence may support the idea that environmental sustainability can help economic development.
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Kang, Moon Young. "Sustainable Profit versus Unsustainable Growth: Are Venture Capital Investments and Governmental Support Medicines or Poisons?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 7773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187773.
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Considering that startups greatly contribute to the economic development and survival of a country through economic growth and job creation, it is necessary to investigate the profitability of startups. However, research on this issue has not been developed enough as most previous studies regarding firm profitability were based on large-scale public companies with relatively easy data accessibility, not on startups. In addition, it is meaningful to empirically prove whether venture capital investments and governmental support positively impact on the sustainability of startups as huge discrepancies exist between traditional academic research and recent practices. Findings from this study, based on data analytics, are expected to fill the gap in knowledge as it is not clearly known about firm profitability of startups for their sustainable growth and survival. Focusing on startup profitability, the main objective of this research is to provide significant theoretical contributions and practical guidelines for startup entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers to avoid unsubstantial growth and find solutions for sustainable growth and survival. To properly and completely analyze the determinants of firm profitability of startups, this research used the 2018 and 2019 Survey of Korean Startups by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups of Korea and Korea Venture Business Association with over 3000 samples.
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Peráček, Tomáš, Boris Mucha, Patricia Brestovanská, and Jana Kajanová. "Simple Company on Shares as Startup Support Tool." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 6 (2018): 1601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061601.
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On January 1st 2017, the amendment to the Commercial Code implementing the Capital Market Concept. This is a measure of the implementation which is the part of the Startup Support Concept and the Development of the Startup Ecosystem in the Slovak Republic. A new form of capital trading company has been created to offer a comprehensive solution for capital investments in companies. An example of such an investment is start‑up investment as business initiatives with high innovation and growth potential that can not provide funding through banks. When investing capital, it is necessary to flexibly set the investor’s entry, coexistence and output beyond what is currently possible in the form of trading companies in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Until now, it has been a limited liability company, which has been mainly used for investing capital of start‑ups. Later was used the joint stock company as the capital‑intensive type of business. A public limited company and a limited partnership belonging to a group of private partnerships were not and are not used as startups, because of unlimited liability of the partners for the company’s obligations. The main obstacle for a joint‑stock company, as support for startups until their advanced stages of life cycle, is relatively high statutory minimum capital requirement of EUR 25,000. Another issue may be legal regulation aimed at medium and large businesses allowing them to trade their shares on the stock Exchange market, with the associated increased demands to ensure the functioning of the company. However, the Simple company, representing the hybrid form of a capital company, also has its serious shortcomings and is not a boon to support startups. Since it is a “young” type of business company that has not yet been the subject of research, it is the intention of the contributors to analyse a Simple company on shares and, by means of a number of scientific research methods, to provide a critical view of its shortcomings. Despite the fact that the reason for the establishment of this business company was mostly economic, research is mainly directed at the area of commercial law.
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Skawińska, Eulalia, and Romuald I. Zalewski. "Success Factors of Startups in the EU—A Comparative Study." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198200.
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The paper focuses on key success factors of startups in the European Union. Startup companies have a massive potential to boost the level of innovation and competitiveness of national economies. They are also uniquely equipped to provide extremely effective and flexible ways of meeting both existing and emerging market needs. However, the development of these microventures differs from country to country. Hence, we put forth a hypothesis that strategic success factors in the development of startups vary in highly developed and catching-up countries. Our main goal was to determine the key success factors of startups in the EU, and to classify the gap between developed and lagging Member States. For this purpose, we applied the method of component analysis on startup data available for selected the EU states. We managed to isolate 5 components explaining 72% of data variability, all of which can be linked to human capital as well as to formal and informal economic institutions. The results confirmed the validity of our hypothesis. We established that more developed countries offer an institutional competitive advantage to startups, while the gap in success factors between highly developed and catching-up countries can be attributed to human capital and to institutions. Based on our findings, we offer suggestions how to reduce this gap by improving formal and informal institutions via innovative public policy and by supporting education.
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Polishchuk, Volodymyr, Miroslav Kelemen, and Jarosław Kozuba. "Technology Improving Safety of Crowdfunding Platforms Functioning in the Context of the Protection of the Start-Up Investors in the Financial and Transport Sectors." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0016.
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Abstract The information technology models improving security functioning of crowdfunding platforms and advice on a new type of business were developed. The article solves the problem of safety of crowdfunding platform functioning based on developed models: rating assignment system of unified assessment crowdfunding platforms; startup projects assessment; startup projects risk assessment concerning their financing safety level and criminal law protection of investors against the financial fraud. The models are based on the correct usage of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set device to reveal the uncertainty of experts’ consideration that insures authenticity of scientific results.
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Jeong, Jihye, Juhee Kim, Hanei Son, and Dae-il Nam. "The Role of Venture Capital Investment in Startups’ Sustainable Growth and Performance: Focusing on Absorptive Capacity and Venture Capitalists’ Reputation." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083447.
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This study provides evidence on how venture capital (VC) investment affects startup firms’ sustainable growth and performance. Despite the rich and abundant research on the relationship between VC investment and startup performance, there is no clear evidence about the contribution of VC investment on the performance and market value of invested firms. In order to accurately measure the impact of VC investment, this study explored how VC investment at each stage of growth affects a startup’s sustainable growth and performance. Based on signaling theory and information asymmetry, this study proposed a positive link between initial-stage VC investment and a startup’s growth and performance. Using a sample of 363 firms listed from 2000 to 2007, this study demonstrated that startups are sustained and perform better as they receive their VC investment at the initial stage. The level of potential absorptive capacity positively moderated this association, unlike realized absorptive capacity, which did not show significant moderating effects.
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Duhon, Howard J., Jorge L. Garduno, and Noel R. Robinson. "Planning and Procedures for the Initial Startup of Subsea Production Systems." SPE Projects, Facilities & Construction 5, no. 04 (December 1, 2010): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/123790-pa.
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J, John Manoharan, and Thomas Herbert. "Role of management education in enhancing startups – a descriptive review." Journal of Management and Science 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2019.9.
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In the Indian Business ecosystem, the country is witnessing a flurry of new startups, almost in all industries, predominantly with new innovations, new technologies, since 2015. This may be of two prime features – with tremendous potential of profound market size and rapid increasing of day-today budding of new entrepreneurs. This may be due to new government initiatives like “Startup India, Standup India”. The new startups or the existing startups, so-called family business firms give the ones to actualize their faster growth, accomplishments, such as financial growth and freedom, pride. In the journey of entrepreneurship, there are myriad of challenges such as huge competitors, political strategies, law enforcements, and market dynamics to be encountered every day. In the case of new ventures an entrepreneur need to be of wellversed the contemporary events and should be of muscled with the knowledge of management tactics to abreast the challenges. The management education is indeed provides the ample of knowledge of management tactics with its application in forming successful strategies pertaining to marketing, finance, human-capital, employee engagement, Product innovations, pricing that matches the business environment, that will aids a entrepreneur to have a smooth glide in the business atmosphere. Despite the startups are of flourishing in numbers, it is horrendous that there are many witnesses of Startup failures, due to the lack of knowledge of management about the business, these shortcomings in the management of business have lead to many breakdowns of the new startups and non-viability of running the family businesses due to lack of management tactics that have lead to many closed downs. This article will give a Descriptive review about the how the role of management education that enhances a new entrepreneur and family firms in a successful way.
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Bărbulescu, Oana, and Cristinel Petrişor Constantin. "Sustainable Growth Approaches: Quadruple Helix Approach for Turning Brașov into a Startup City." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 6154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216154.
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The aims of this study are to identify large companies’ role in stimulating local entrepreneurship, and higher education institutions’ contribution of fostering entrepreneurial activity in order to achieve an innovative ecosystem and turning Brasov into a startup city. To address the research questions, exploratory research was conducted among 18 representatives of companies and public institutions active in Brasov city, Romania. The findings confirm that large companies engage startups by collaborative models being also available to outsource a series of activities to entrust the startups with. These collaborations bring many opportunities to startups to scale up faster by using large companies’ resources and the routes to the markets on which they operate. Furthermore, this research reveals the need for a better synergy between education, research, and practice and, consequently, an improvement of the academic curriculum. It also exemplifies the need for joined theory and practice to influence policymakers in developing policies to create a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem. The empirical results have implications for both the entrepreneurship literature and entrepreneurship policies.
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Young Chung, Won, Yuri Jo, and Daeho Lee. "Where should ICT startup companies be established? Efficiency comparison between cluster types." Telematics and Informatics 56 (January 2021): 101482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101482.
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Gidron, Benjamin, Yael Israel-Cohen, Kfir Bar, Dalia Silberstein, Michael Lustig, and Daniela Kandel. "Impact Tech Startups: A Conceptual Framework, Machine-Learning-Based Methodology and Future Research Directions." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810048.
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The Impact Tech Startup (ITS) is a new, rapidly developing type of organizational category. Based on an entrepreneurial approach and technological foundations, ITSs adopt innovative strategies to tackle a variety of social and environmental challenges within a for-profit framework and are usually backed by private investment. This new organizational category is thus far not discussed in the academic literature. The paper first provides a conceptual framework for studying this organizational category, as a combination of aspects of social enterprises and startup businesses. It then proposes a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm to identify ITSs within startup databases. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are used as a referential framework for characterizing ITSs, with indicators relating to those 17 goals that qualify a startup for inclusion in the impact category. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions in studying ITSs as a distinct organizational category through the usage of the ML methodology.
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Passaro, Renato, Ivana Quinto, Pierluigi Rippa, and Antonio Thomas. "Evolution of Collaborative Networks Supporting Startup Sustainability: Evidences from Digital Firms." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229437.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate whether startup evolution can be conceptualized in a life cycle model intended as an unpredictable sequence of stages, where startups need to find actors with whom to collaborate to acquire knowledge and resources supporting the effectiveness and the sustainability of their mission. The creation and implementation of collaborative networks is observed through the lens of the holistic approach to the entrepreneurial ecosystem, whose purpose is to build “bridges” between different actors through the creation of communities of best practices or entrepreneurial networks. The creation of a specific ecosystem is suggested to ease the new digital entrepreneurship generation toward acquiring an appropriate level of knowledge, skills, financial facilitations, and entrepreneurial culture. Following a multiple case study analysis based on nine successful Italian digital firms, the empirical evidence seems to confirm that firms collaborate with different actors in different stages, as knowledge and resource networks play a critical role in sustaining the evolution and success of new firms.
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Collins, David, Eric Klotz, and Ben Robinson. "Start-Ed: A Model for Commercial Clinical Legal Education." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 23, no. 5 (December 16, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v23i5.566.
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<p>This article outlines a pro bono student law clinic project focusing on providing legal assistance to startup businesses in central London. Serving more than 500 clients over this period, the clinic adapted to a number of problems by modifying its format with an emphasis on flexibility and informality. Additionally, the clinic implemented a survey in order to streamline the delivery of its advice. Data was collected from over 460 startups over a two year period between 2013 and 2015 regarding the nature of their business as well as the type of legal challenges they faced. The study revealed the primary need for basic legal advice on a few select matters including most notably company structure. In addition to collecting data on startups in London, the clinic project is presented as both a model for successful clinical education and example of how the university sector can act to boost innovation and the entrepreneurial economy.</p>
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Kholmuratovich, Khursanov Rustam. "Organizational, Legal And Financial Approaches To Improving Startup Support Mechanisms: On The Example Of The Republic Of Korea." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 3, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue05-13.
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In fact, the development of startups plays an important role in shaping the national innovation system of the country, further increasing the share of innovation in the economy, creating new types of goods, works and services. Although there is no separate law in our country directly regulate the activities of startups, there are dozens of laws that indirectly cover this area. It is natural that the existing legal framework in this area will serve as a legal regulator in the development of startups in the country and the formation of a national innovation system. Today, the models of developed countries in the legal regulation of innovative activities are used as an example by many developing countries. The national model of innovative development of the Republic of Korea is one of them.
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Gupta, Varun, Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, and Thomas Hanne. "Fostering Continuous Value Proposition Innovation through Freelancer Involvement in Software Startups: Insights from Multiple Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218922.
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[Context] The software startups could continuously innovate business model value proposition by involving freelancers as a source of innovative ideas (that enhance customer perceived value) and as experts for implementing the innovative ideas (by undertaking software engineering tasks). Startups employ one of three strategies for associating with freelancers i.e., task based (association ends with completion of the outsourced task), panel based (outsourcing task to a panel of freelancers associated with startup), or hybrid. Uncertainties, terminology issues, high technical debt, lack of documentation, lack of systematic decision making processes, lack of resources, lack of brand values, need for the continuous involvement of the freelancer to incorporate continuous validated learnings, merging freelancer perspectives, and deciding the level of their involvement in individual requirement engineering (or value proposition innovation) activities, are the main inhibitors for associations with freelancers. The availability of good freelancers and their long term and continuous commitments are necessary requirements for value proposition innovation. The theory about freelancer association with the software startups is extended by studying the real practices of startups, which successfully involved freelancers for value proposition innovation by capturing innovative ideas and acquiring the freelancer’s skills to implement those ideas. [Objectives] The objective of this paper is to explain the strategies adopted by the software startups to foster value proposition innovation by continuously involving the freelancers and the way they overcome the challenges arising because of the associations. The findings are driven by the study of real practices of startups that proved to be successful in the market by involving freelancers and continuous innovations leading to increased market shares. [Method] This paper performs empirical studies through case studies of three software startups located in Italy, France, and India, which are at the verge of being transforming into big companies, with large market share. The current practices highlighting the successful way of executing freelancing association strategies for value proposition innovation and the way to overcome the arising challenges are reported. The findings are also compared with those of two young startups based in Switzerland and India, to bring useful lessons for the young startups. The case study results are validated by employees from the studied startups (both those who participated in data collection and those who did not). [Results] The results indicate that freelancer involvement during value proposition activities, which is the core business operation, is beneficial to the both freelancers and the startups. Startup teams could reduce the development costs, shorten time to market, and increase customer satisfaction (by providing features addressing real market needs) by correctly involving the freelancers uniformly across value proposition activities. The startups could manage innovation with small teams (compared to human resources in companies) if done jointly with the freelancers, that helps the team members to learn new skills, upgrade their skills, and learn new perspectives about their markets. Business impacts due to freelancer involvement are stronger if the level of freelancer involvement across various value proposition activities is higher compared to their involvement across few activities only. The studied startups are not completely dependent on the freelancers but the freelancer’s perspectives and skills are valued as a rich source of market success. Freelancer involvement is taken as an opportunity to gain access to global market perspectives, which otherwise would be effortful for in-house teams to collect. In addition, they resolve technical debt, are a source of upgrading skills for undertaking future innovation, and help reaching customers for marketing (promoting product and gaining access to the feedbacks). Overall, the value proposition innovation in the studied startups have different levels of involvement of the freelancers but these startups have reported positive impacts on the business in terms of development cost reductions, shorten time to market, and high customer satisfaction (measured on early attainment of product/market fit and fast growth thereafter). The case study results are validated by the startup employees (member checking). The responses collected are analysed using box plots, which shows a higher level of result agreements among the employees.
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Chen, Lien-Wu, Yu-Fan Ho, and Ming-Fong Tsai. "Instant Social Networking with Startup Time Minimization Based on Mobile Cloud Computing." Sustainability 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2018): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10041195.
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Yan, Zichun, Kai Wang, Sang-Bing Tsai, and Lili Zhou. "An Empirical Study on Internet Startup Financing From a Green Financial Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082912.
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In the context of worldwide internationalization, a new entrepreneurial financing mode has emerged and gained popularity, which has been improved and modified significantly in terms of both form and content. This study selects crowdfunding as its breakthrough point to explore and study the relationships between the backgrounds of initiators, experiences, and financing effects. Through data mining technology, this article introduces a database including 423 entrepreneurial financing projects and entrepreneurs’ information, and entrepreneurs’ locations covering 10 countries and regions. By using the multivariate least square model, we conclude that the entrepreneurs’ technical educational backgrounds, offline entrepreneurial experiences, and online entrepreneurial experiences all have positive effects on internet financing. The weaker the value that the uncertainty avoidance in the entrepreneurs’ host countries has, the stronger the facilitation and promotion from offline and online entrepreneurial experiences on internet financing. Furthermore, the level of uncertainty avoidance in the entrepreneurs’ countries has a moderating effect as well.
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Keidel, Julia, Peter M. Bican, and Frederik J. Riar. "Influential Factors of Network Changes: Dynamic Network Ties and Sustainable Startup Embeddedness." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 6184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116184.
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This research investigated influential factors on changes in networks of startups through a qualitative exploratory case study approach. Based on interviews with founders in Germany and selected stakeholders in entrepreneurial networks combined with a network mapping approach, we developed a framework of influential factors on network changes. In essence, this framework categorizes factors into sustainable resource acquisition, knowledge and skill acquisition, interpersonal factors, and interorganizational factors. Overall, our research contributes to a better understanding of factors that impact network changes by providing a construct with potential for theoretical standardization. In addition, this research offers important managerial implications.
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Gupta, Varun, Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, Chetna Gupta, and Thomas Hanne. "Freelancing Models for Fostering Innovation and Problem Solving in Software Startups: An Empirical Comparative Study." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 10106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310106.
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Context: freelancers and startups could provide each other with promising opportunities that lead to mutual growth, by improving software development metrics, such as cost, time, and quality. Niche skills processed by freelancers could help startups reduce uncertainties associated with developments and markets, with the ability to quickly address market issues (and with higher quality). This requires the associations between freelancers and startup to be long-term, based on trust, and promising agreements driven by motivations (leading to the growth of both parties). Freelancers could help startups foster innovations and undertake software development tasks in better ways than conducted in-house, if they are selected using informed decision-making. Objectives: the paper has three objectives, (1) to explore the strategies of startups to outsource software development tasks to freelancers (termed as freelancing association strategies); (2) to identify challenges in such outsourcings; and (3) to identify the impacts of outsourcing tasks to freelancers on overall project metrics. The overall objective is to understand the strategies for involving freelancers in the software development process, throughout the startup lifecycle, and the associated challenges and the impacts that help to foster innovation (to maintain competitive advantages). Method: this paper performs empirical studies through case studies of three software startups located in Italy, France, and India, followed by a survey of 54 freelancers. The results are analyzed and compared in the identification of association models, issues, challenges, and reported results arising because of such associations. The case study results are validated using members checking with the research participants, which shows a higher level of result agreements. Results: the results indicate that the freelancer association strategy is task based, panel based, or a hybrid. The associations are constrained by issues such as deciding pricing, setting deadlines, difficulty in getting good freelancers, quality issues with software artefacts, and efforts to access freelancer work submissions for reward. The associations have a positive impact on software development if there is availability of good freelancers (which lasts long for various tasks). The paper finally provides a freelancing model framework and recommends activities that could result in making the situation beneficial to both parties, and streamline such associations. Fostering innovation in startups is, thus, a trade-off situation, which is limited and supported by many conflicting parameters.
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Wheeler, Jessica. "Bad blood: secrets and lies in a silicon valley startup by John Carreyrou: Book Review." Crime, Law and Social Change 75, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09906-1.
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Kim, Hongbum, Yuri Jo, and Daeho Lee. "R&D, Marketing, Strategic Planning, or Human Resources? Which CEO Career Is Most Helpful for the Economic Sustainability of ICT Startups in South Korea?" Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052729.
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The market performance of a company is greatly influenced by the functional experience of the chief executive. In the case of a small startup, the functional experience of the chief executive is even greater. Based on career data of chief executives, this study first classifies startups in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry into four different groups. In addition, this study analyzes the effect of the CEO’s experience on the market performance of ICT startups by deriving the efficiency of each company using the financial data of ICT startups provided in the database. This study estimates the technical efficiency of each group using stochastic frontier analysis and then uses meta-frontier analysis to compare the efficiency of different groups. As a result, the CEO group with a career in strategy and planning showed the highest meta-frontier efficiency, whereas the CEO group with a career in R&D showed the lowest.
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Harada, Yoshimi, Huayi Wang, Kota Kodama, and Shintaro Sengoku. "Drug Discovery Firms and Business Alliances for Sustainable Innovation." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073599.
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Biotech startup firms developing pharmaceutical seeds from scientific and technological innovation are burdened by significant Research & Development (R&D) expenses, long-term R&D operations, and low probability of R&D success. To address these challenges while sustainably creating innovations and new drugs, business alliances with existing pharmaceutical companies are one of the most important issues on the management agenda. The present study explores the necessity and significance of business alliances with pharmaceutical companies for the development of drug-discovery by Japanese biotech startup firms under high uncertainty. This study investigates the types of alliances to understand the origins of sustainability of these creative activities. First, we investigate and analyze the details of the partnership and its impact on the products under development based on the publicly available information of 16 drug discovery biotech startup firms in Japan that had become public since 2010. As a result, all firms continued their operations with the funds obtained from the business alliances with pharmaceutical firms at the time of their initial public offering (IPO). In addition, 56% of these firms’ alliance projects (n = 73) were seeded-out, and 32% seeded-in, indicating that they had adopted flexible alliance strategies not limited to seed-out ones. For sustainable going concern of the biotech startup business, it is valuable to consider multiple strategic options: “in-licensing and value up”, “best-in-class”, “platform leadership” and “first-in-class” depending on the characteristics of seeds and environmental restrictions.
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Stan, Constantin, Gerardo Collaguazo, Constantin Streche, Tiberiu Apostol, and Diana Cocarta. "Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Co-Digestion of the OFMSW: Improving Biogas Production and Startup." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2018): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061939.
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This paper presents experimental results regarding anaerobic co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and fruit and vegetable waste in order to establish the efficiency of a 2 m3 volume pilot plant in terms of biogas and methane yield and stability of the process. The research study presents the feasibility of developing anaerobic digestion as an effective method for municipal solid waste management. The experiments were conducted in mesophilic conditions (35 °C). Domestic waste water was used as inoculum. The results showed that the inoculum presence, temperature, and pH control, were essential in order to improve biogas production and its composition. Using liquid inoculum, the CH4 percentage in the biogas oscillated between 44% and 51%, and the biogas production from 0.504 and 0.6 m3/day. Compared to domestic waste water, animal manure increased the CH4 concentration in biogas (up to 63%), while the daily biogas production increased by 26% and varied from 0.693 to 0.786 m3. The cumulative biogas production at the end of the experiments were 11.7 m3 and 15.89 m3, respectively. Using inoculum and co-digestion, the plant startup time was significantly reduced, the total solids content decreased from 22.7% to 19.8%, while the volatile solids decreased from 37.6% to 31.2%.
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Thuy, Phan, Le Niem, Thi Ho, Philippe Burny, and Philippe Lebailly. "Economic Analysis of Perennial Crop Systems in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010081.
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Dak Lak province, Central Highlands, Vietnam presents an interesting case in perennial crop systems, of which coffee and black pepper are the two premier commodities and contribute a large part to economic growth provincially and at the national level. In recent years, in addition to mono-cropping systems, intercropping systems for diversification have developed quickly. This paper focuses on (1) comparing the economic efficiency of mono-coffee systems (MCSes), mono-pepper systems (MPSes), and coffee and pepper intercropping (CPI) by analyzing startup cost, annual cost, and profits; and (2) identifying the main factors affecting farmers’ decisions to convert their crop systems. The study was carried out by investigating 90 perennial crop samples using the three perennial crop systems (MCSes, MPSes, and CPI) in 2017–2018. Additionally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) methods were applied to collect more information about the operations of each system. Another survey with 37 samples (new plantations) was carried out to compute the startup cost. The findings showed evidence that MCSes had the lowest startup and annual costs, whereas MPSes had the highest costs of the three perennial crop systems. MCSes used less manure or compost in the initial setup and overused chemical fertilizer in annual production. Similarly, MPSes had high pesticide-stimulant costs in the production process to sustain crop development. The study indicated that CPI not only had the highest economic efficiency, but also created the best family employment opportunities of the three systems. Additionally, the study found some social factors that strongly influenced farmers’ decisions to shift their cropping system: These included ethnicity, education, training, and crop failure, in addition to economic factors (profits).
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Hall, C. A., E. K. Glakpe, J. N. Cannon, and T. W. Kerslake. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Space Solar Dynamic Heat Receivers with Cyclic Phase Change." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888424.
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A physical and thermodynamic model of space solar dynamic heat receivers employing solid-liquid phase change storage is developed. Generalized first and second law efficiencies are defined for cyclic operation. The solar heat receiver of NASA Glenn Research Center’s Solar Dynamic Ground Test Demonstration System is used to generate numerical results from startup through balanced-orbit (asymptotic) conditions. In addition, a parametric study is performed to assess changes in receiver first and second law efficiencies due to changes in various system measurable parameters. Results show that parametric changes in system parameters result in maximum deviations of the asymptotic first law efficiency of less than 5 percentage points. The maximum departures of the asymptotic second law efficiency are less than 4 percentage points. Although the NASA receiver configuration is not optimized for cyclic thermodynamic performance, the cycle-integrated first and second law efficiencies compare favorably with steady-state numerical and experimental first and second law efficiencies.
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Malenfant, J. E. Louis, and Ron Van Houten. "Observations of how drivers fasten their seatbelts in relation to various startup tasks." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40, no. 1 (January 2008): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.06.009.
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von Veltheim, Friedrich Rübcke, and Heinke Heise. "The AgTech Startup Perspective to Farmers Ex Ante Acceptance Process of Autonomous Field Robots." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 10570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410570.
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Autonomous vehicles not only provide a new impetus in the development of car models in the automotive industry—even in agriculture there has recently been talk of autonomous field robots (AFR). Great expectations are placed on these digital assistants from a wide variety of perspectives. However, it is still unclear whether they will make the transition from market niches to broad-based distribution. Apart from various factors, this depends on user acceptance of this new technology expected by the innovators, since this is likely to be essential for the further development of AFR. For this purpose, the ex ante user acceptance of farmers from the perspective of various AgTech startups with AFR involvement in Europe was investigated in this exploratory and qualitative study. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) served as the basis for the developed interview guideline. In summary, the results confirm that a variety of factors potentially influence farmer acceptance and AFR diffusion from the perspective of AgTech startups, with perceived usefulness being considered the main motivation for using AFR. The interviewed experts believe that AFR will initially be used in crops that have relatively high costs for crop protection treatments before becoming economically attractive for other crops. The basic prerequisite for a successful market launch is an adjustment of the legal framework, which sets standards in relation to AFR and thus, provides security in the production process. The results could support political decision-makers in dealing with this new technology and AFR manufacturers in the promotion of AFR.
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Strumia, Francesca, and Asha Kaushal. "Opening the Ranks of Constitutional Subjects: Immigration, Identity, and Innovation in Italy and Canada." German Law Journal 18, no. 7 (December 1, 2017): 1657–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200022483.
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The relationship between immigration and constitutional identity is simultaneously obvious and evasive. This Article explores that relationship through a comparative case study of Italy and Canada. It begins with a conceptual analysis of the role of immigration against the backdrop of collective identity, constitutional identity, and constitutional subjectivity. The metaphor of immigration as a mirror of constitutional identity orients this analysis. Then, an empirical comparison of the role of immigration in Italy and Canada demonstrates the very different place of immigration in national and constitutional narratives of “self” and “other.” Yet, when the lens is widened to include their recent startup visa programs, their narratives start to converge as the new metonymy of innovation makes an appearance. This convergence marks a conceptual shift in constitutional identity: From immigration as mirror to immigration as display. As a tool of attraction for innovators, immigration law has both internal and external dimensions, which reverberate with implications for constitutional identity. Ultimately, the startup visa programs enlarge the constitutional “us” and make constitutional subjectivity more fluid.
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Al-attab, K. A., and Z. A. Zainal. "Turbine startup methods for externally fired micro gas turbine (EFMGT) system using biomass fuels." Applied Energy 87, no. 4 (April 2010): 1336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.022.
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Komini Babu, S., D. Spernjak, J. Dillet, A. Lamibrac, G. Maranzana, S. Didierjean, O. Lottin, R. L. Borup, and R. Mukundan. "Spatially resolved degradation during startup and shutdown in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell operation." Applied Energy 254 (November 2019): 113659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113659.
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Yang, Wanli, and Yuxing Liang. "Typical transient effects in a piezoelectric semiconductor nanofiber under a suddenly applied axial time-dependent force." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 42, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 1095–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-021-2761-9.
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AbstractBased on the mechanical motion equation, Gauss’s law, and the current continuity condition, we study a few typical transient effects in a piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) fiber to realize the startup and turning-off functions of common piezotronic devices. In this study, the transient extensional vibration induced by a suddenly applied axial time-dependent force is examined in a cantilevered n-type ZnO nanofiber. Neither the magnitude of the loadings nor the doping concentration significantly affects the propagation caused by disturbance of the axial displacement. However, both of the factors play an important role in the propagation caused by disturbance of the electron concentrations. This indicates that the electromechanical coupling effect can be expected to directly determine the electronic performance of the devices. In addition, the assumption of previous simplified models which neglect the charge carriers in Gauss’s law is discussed, showing that this assumption has a little influence on the startup state when the doping concentration is smaller than 1021 m−3. This suggests that the screening effect of the carriers on the polarized electric field is much reduced in this situation, and that the state is gradually transforming into a pure piezoelectric state. Nevertheless, the carriers can provide a damping effect, which means that the previous simplified models do not sufficiently describe the turning-off state. The numerical results show that the present study has referential value with respect to the design of newly multifunctional PS devices.
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Nurjanah, Siti, and Uswatun Hasanah. "Cash Waqf As Source Of Funding For Financial Technology Startups." International Journal of Islamic Economics 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijie.v3i1.3467.
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Productive management of cash waqf can be used as a new strategy to alleviate poverty and create prosperity for the community if it is managed properly and properly and can support economic stability. Cash waqf opens up unique opportunities to create investment to provide religious services, educational services and social services. Cash waqf is very potential but not popular, causing the role of cash waqf not yet optimal. Cash waqf in Indonesia has been legalized by national law and MUI. This is a positive opportunity to develop the economy, education and become a better instrument of community welfare, but there is still little understanding of the importance of cash waqf for development so that a stimulus is needed so that cash waqf management can be developed productively supported by financial technology, in the economic era 4.0 the majority of the use of digitizing economy, endowment money is used as capital for businesses, especially for companies with the ultimate goal of business empowerment community for are generally SMEs and companies startup through platform crowdfunding.
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Millán Vázquez de la Torre, Maria Genoveva, Salud Millán Lara, and Juan Manuel Arjona-Fuentes. "Flamenco Tourism from the Viewpoint of Its Protagonists: A Sustainable Vision Using Lean Startup Methodology." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 6047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216047.
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Flamenco is an art born in and inextricably associated with Andalusia in the south of Spain. The purity, the feelings it transmits, and the originality of its expression have made it known worldwide and it has been declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO. This declaration, combined with the Spain’s tourist boom in the last years, has transformed this exclusive art into an important tourist industry with all the entailing perils for its survival. By means of the Lean Canvas model, combined with a survey of a panel of flamenco experts (especially artists), this study analyzed the fundamental factors that are key to developing a tourism product that, while respectful of its essence, offers tourists a genuine and quality product.
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Lauten-Weiss, Julian, and Stephan Ramesohl. "The Circular Business Framework for Building, Developing and Steering Businesses in the Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020963.
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The need for a transition towards a circular economy (CE) is evident, as the current economic model is based on the exploitation of far more resources than the planet can replenish sustainably. A significant part of this economic transition is the inception of new, CE-oriented startups and business activities. While business model frameworks (BMF), such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC), were at the center of discussions about structuring business ideas in the beginning of the millennium, the conversation must now shift towards circular BMFs (CBMF). This paper follows the Design Research Methodology (DRM) for an empirical approach to devising a novel CBMF, including expert interviews as well as a first application of the framework with a startup. Throughout this process, a new and innovative tool called Circular Business Framework (CBF) was created and tested based on CE principles.
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Liese, Eric, Jacob Albright, and Stephen A. Zitney. "Startup, shutdown, and load-following simulations of a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle." Applied Energy 277 (November 2020): 115628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115628.
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Barboza, Gustavo, and Alessandro Capocchi. "Innovative startups in Italy. Managerial challenges of knowledge spillovers effects on employment generation." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 2573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-08-2019-0436.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of knowledge spillover effects (KSE) on employment levels using a sample of 245 Italian Innovative startup companies created as a result of the legislative changes of Law Decree 179/12 introduced in Italy in 2012. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a parsimonious model with the employment level as the dependent variable. The paper tests for the impact that the measures of industry competition, specialization and diversity have on the level of employment in the Innovative Startup sector in Italy. The data uses a sample of 245 firms, across 20 geographic regions in Italy for three economic sectors at the 2-Dig NAICS classification. Findings The empirical results provide evidence in favor of regional specialization as the main force to create and transfer knowledge resulting in increased employment; while higher levels of competition and a more diverse regional production bases result in lower firm employment levels. Employment levels for these firms are also time-dependent, and thus mainly determined at the time of the firm’s creation. This study also found a lack of technological convergence across regions, that are inherent regional differences are not bridged by knowledge spillover effects. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on a sample of Italian Innovative Startups and consequently, further research with a potentially larger sample and, perhaps, a sample across countries could also shed some light on the issues relating to KSE and their effects on employment generation and firm formation. Practical implications From a practical point of view, the results indicate that regional disparity and limited transmission of KSE across regions remain an impediment to the flow of knowledge. This in turn may limit the development of entrepreneurial activities and further development of new firms. Practical implications regarding knowledge management indicate that firms face time and spatial challenges when developing, transferring and acquiring knowledge. In sum, the evidence points out in favor of existent and persistent regional heterogeneity in terms of economic and technological specialization as sources of employment. Originality/value This research adds to the empirical evidence focusing on the effects of knowledge spillover effects in the Innovative Startup segment of the economy. This research highlights the applicability of knowledge spillover effects accounting for levels of industry competition, specialization and diversity. We also provide a measure of cluster formation and concentration at the sectoral and regional levels. Thus, the research provides a better understanding under which conditions knowledge is more likely to have positive or negative effects on employment generation.
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SALIKHOVA, Olena, and Olena KURCHENKO. "ENDOGENIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TECHNOLOGY-ORIENTED STARTUPS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES, LESSONS FOR UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2020, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 60–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2020.11.060.
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Since the 1950s, the US leadership has pursued a purposeful policy of encouraging the creation of startups by inventors. This process took the form of technology transfer from science to the real sector of the economy, contributed to the market introduction of technologically sophisticatedinnovative products, moving up the value-added ladder, creating new jobs, accelerating the endogenization of economic development. The evolution of mechanisms of state influence on the development of startups in the United States is shown. It is substantiated that at the initial stage the policy measures were aimed at promoting the development of the industry and reducing dependence on technology imports; the creation of startups accelerated the development of scientific achievements in the production, resulting from the increase in the 1940s of funding for R&D defense universities; contributed to the employment of highly qualified professionals, including immigrants. Today, with a well-developed industry with a high absorption capacity for innovation, the country's leadership sets economic and technological priorities to solve problems and reap the benefits of American companies; based on these priorities contributes to the formation of human resources (including, as before, by attracting skilled immigrants), identifies areas of research and financially promotes the creation of startups in priority areas. It is shown that the US leadership has created the appropriate legal and institutional framework that has accelerated the commercialization of startup developments, and opened the public procurement market for them. It is substantiated that the central element of the state policy of encouraging innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine should be the development of technology-oriented startups (TOS), aimed at creating products, processes, services based on their own developments. It is recommended to create basic documents: the draft Law on technology-oriented startups and the draft Strategy for the development of technology-oriented startups in the interests of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. It is shown that in determining the conceptual foundations and provisions of these documents it is necessary to take into account endogenous barriers and exogenous threats that today complicate the development of TOS in Ukraine.
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Puschmann, Thomas, Christian Hugo Hoffmann, and Valentyn Khmarskyi. "How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 10691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410691.
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The financial services industry is currently undergoing a major transformation, with digitization and sustainability being the core drivers. While both concepts have been researched in recent years, their intersection, often conceived as “green FinTech,” remains under-determined. Therefore, this paper contributes to this important discussion about green FinTech by, first, synthesizing the relevant literature systematically. Second, it shows the results of an empirical, in-depth analysis of the Swiss FinTech landscape both in terms of green FinTech startups as well as the services offered by the incumbents. The research results show that literature in this new domain has only emerged recently, is mostly characterized by a specific focus on isolated aspects of green FinTech and does not provide a comprehensive perspective on the topic yet. In addition, the results from the literature and the market analysis indicate that green FinTech has an impact along the whole value chain of financial services covering customer-to-customer (c2c), business-to-customer (b2c), and business-to-business (b2b) services. Today the field is predominantly captured by startup companies in contrast to the incumbents whose solutions are still rare.
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Yokota, Nobuyuki, Ryota Mineshima, Hideyuki Yamaguchi, Tatsuaki Hirase, Hisayoshi Ishikawa, Takayuki Azuma, Masaaki Hosomi, and Akihiko Terada. "Startup, performance, and microbial communities of an anammox reactor inoculated with indigenous sludge for the treatment of high-salinity and mesophilic underground brine." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 21, no. 5 (March 25, 2019): 1001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01688-y.
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Miyashita, Shuto, Shogo Katoh, Tomohiro Anzai, and Shintaro Sengoku. "Intellectual Property Management in Publicly Funded R&D Program and Projects: Optimizing Principal–Agent Relationship through Transdisciplinary Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 9923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239923.
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Large-scale, publicly funded research and development (R&D) programs are implemented to accelerate state-of-the-art science, technology, and innovation applications that are expected to solve various societal problems. The present study aims to build on the body of theory on the mechanisms that promote or impede the creation of intellectual property in such programs. Using a mixed methods approach and combining quantitative network analysis and qualitative semistructured interviews, we conducted a case study to investigate best practices in terms of intellectual property creation in a Japanese governmental research and development program. The results of the network analysis showed that the core/periphery structure in the co-inventor network of patents and joint application by a university and a startup promoted intellectual property creation. The results of the interview confirmed the significance of a reciprocal mindset, which the researchers in academia could acquire through collaboration with a startup. These results suggest that a knowledge logistics system for agile intellectual property management can be established by learning to acquire tacit knowledge on social implementation. Furthermore, we focus on the principal–agent relationship between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers as a factor that impedes the creation of intellectual property. We also discuss adverse selection and moral hazards caused by information asymmetry between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers and how to deal with them.
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Chouinard, Tracy, Karla S. Guevarra, Alexandre Miot, and Bonnie M. Jones. "Lab-Scale Thermophilic Startup Influencing Full-Scale Startup." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, no. 14 (January 1, 2016): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716819712863.
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