Relevant bibliographies by topics / Start-up economy

Academic literature on the topic 'Start-up economy'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Carte, Norman E., and Brian H. Kleiner. "Managing the Start‐Up Company." Management Research News 16, no. 2/3 (February 1, 1993): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028273.

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The importance of start‐ups to the re‐vitalisation of the American economy cannot be over emphasised. Tomorrow's Fortune 500 is today's garage shop operation. But billion dollar companies do not simply spring into existence. They are born and must survive all the trials and tribulations of infancy and adolescence prior to attaining a healthy maturity.
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S, DHARANI DHARAN, PRAVEEN KUMAR V, and ABISHEK P. "Start-up india- its performance in Indian economy." Journal of Management and Science 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2019.7.

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India is the second largest populous country in the world and it have more youth power than other countries and at the same time it have more unemployment rate, its unemployment rate is 3.43% which is huge when compared with its population. To control this unemployment our honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi has taken a step to eradicate unemployment,and initiated a campaign Start up India. This is an action plan in this Banks will finance for start-up ventures. It is organised by Department of industrial policy and promotion (DIPP). There are various schemes available under this and the person with innovative ideas, will be benefited by this scheme. This creates an employment opportunity for many job seekers. Start-up India is launched in the year 2016, and by 2025 unemployment rate will come down to half because this creates many job opportunities. And this will improve our economic growth of our country. Many small and new entrepreneurs will be benefitted by this. Soft bank which has a headquarters in Japan had invested 2 billion US dollars for this. Our primeminister has requested all banks to support for this scheme. All the states in India wereperforming well in supporting start-ups, southern states shown great performance than otherIn this paper various schemes under Star-up India and their performance in Indian economyhad been discussed.
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Nawel, Irayen, and Latroche Amina. "START - UP COMPANY AND BUSINESS INCUBATORS. WHAT ECONOMIC VALUE?" Revue Européenne du Droit Social 53, no. 4 (September 12, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.53.4.039.

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This article addresses the issue of start-ups representing a new economic model through their business role, as well as business incubators that combine the entrepreneurship of start-ups with the resources that are usually available for new business activities, which calls for research into the concept of start-ups and business incubators and their importance in the national economy of any country.
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Cannon, Lucja Swiatkowski. "Start-Up Poland: The People Who Transformed an Economy." Polish Review 65, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/polishreview.65.1.0124.

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Antunes, António R., and Tiago V. de V. Cavalcanti. "Start up costs, limited enforcement, and the hidden economy." European Economic Review 51, no. 1 (January 2007): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2005.11.008.

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Wibowo, Beny. "Role of Creative Economy-Based Startups on Member Economic Improvement and Economic Resilience." Research Horizon 1, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54518/rh.1.5.2021.172-178.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that make Gilak Brush start-up difficult to find members, evaluate the role of Gilak Brush start-up in dealing with human resource problems, and formulate solutions from Gilak Brush start-up to the economic resilience of members. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, literature study, internet, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, categorization, data display and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the factors that made it difficult to get members consisted of prospective members' perceptions, standards, skills, work ethic, and idealism. The role to deal with resource problems is responded to by recruiting and selecting, developing and educating members, and organizing in accordance with limited human resources. The role of Gilak Brush start-up has an impact on economic resilience by increasing the economy per capita, there are two indicators to see this, namely the level of income and the fulfillment of living needs.
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Pavlov, P. "Second Start-up of Special Economic Zones in Russia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2010): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-8-69-75.

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In this article, problems and possibilities concerning the repeated introduction of the SEZ project to the Russian economy are considered. It is suggested to improve the legal organizational regulation of this institute on the basis of negative experience investigation regarding the previous SEZ, such as free economic zones. The author shows that the success of the quickest new type zones formation process will depend on creation and implementation of a single SEZ development concept. This concept will include the issues of the SEZ formation principles determination, zones areal location, their infrastructure development, control of the access to SEZ, arranging of business and economic activity in the zones.
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Getzoff, Joseph F. "Start-up nationalism: The rationalities of neoliberal Zionism." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 5 (March 19, 2020): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820911949.

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This article examines current manifestations of Zionist political-economy by analyzing discourses that frame Israel as a “Start-Up Nation”—that is, a unique economic achievement that offers a successful business model for the world. By focusing on the 2009 book from the Council of Foreign Relations, Start-Up Nation, this article theorizes “neoliberal Zionism” as a manifestation of Zionism that valorizes specific kinds of neoliberal rationalities in order to garner support for the State of Israel. In particular, neoliberal Zionism produces an entrepreneurial Israeli citizen-subject whose unique cultural attributes derive from compulsory military service and a Zionist past sanitized of conflict with Palestinians. Further, these discourses position this neoliberal Zionist subject as economically out-competing Arabs and Palestinians. At stake is how neoliberalism and exclusionary nationalism potentially mobilize each other and operate as “management” models for other states to adopt.
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Михайлова and P. Mikhaylova. "Problems of Realization of the Russian Start-up Market in the Economic Crisis." Economics of the Firm 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21643.

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The level of country´s economic development depends largely on the degree of involvement of the innovation and intellectual labor in the economy. This article focuses on identifying the main problems of start-ups´ realization in Russia during the economic crisis. The current trend on the Russian start-up market is analyzed. The new opportunities that allow start-ups to be implemented and developed in Russia are considered.
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Kim, Woosung. "Does START-UP NY Promote Firm Formation?" Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 20 (August 2, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202120105.

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This paper explores the impact of START-UP NY policy throughout simulations by using the agent-based model. In 2013, Governor Cuomo introduced the policy START-UP NY (New York), designed to create more jobs by helping people start or move their qualified businesses into tax-free zones. Measuring the impact of START-UP NY, however, is difficult because the data are not yet available for causal inference purposes. The agent-based model developed for this paper is designed to simulate the impact of START-UP NY on the local economy of Tompkins County by conducting the Cobb-Douglas function into the model using the data from the IMPLAN model. The simulation results show that ensuring a stable demand for firms’ output is more critical for firms to survive than the kind of tax exemptions offered by START-UP NY.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Duranti, Alessandro. "Start-up e green economy. Un’analisi delle regioni italiane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Questa tesi si pone l’obiettivo di fornire un quadro generale relativo allo stato della Green Economy in Italia, riservando particolare attenzione alle start-up innovative e all’eco-innovazione, per poi passare ad una analisi particolareggiata delle start-up innovative di Marche, Umbria ed Abruzzo attive nel campo dell’ economia verde. Nel realizzare questo approfondimento ho raccolto, catalogato e rielaborato informazioni presenti nella sezione speciale del Registro delle Imprese dedicata alle start-up innovative. Si è trattato di selezionare le imprese green dall’universo delle start-up innovative di Umbria, Marche ed Abruzzo raccogliendone le informazioni più significative (Nome, Provincia, inizio attività, codice Ateco, requisiti d’innovazione, eventuale alto valore tecnologico in ambito energetico, dimensione economica, caratteristiche della risorse umane e mission dell’impresa) creando un dataset tramite un foglio excel. Terminata la fase di raccolta e catalogazione di dati è cominciato il lavoro di analisi che ha condotto allo studio riportato nella tesi. Nel riportare e commentare le informazioni raccolte mi sono avvalso dell’ausilio di grafici.
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MONTEMURRO, MARIA CATERINA. "IL RUOLO DEL NETWORKING NELLE START-UP DI IMPRESA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/832.

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Il presente studio si inserisce nel quadro di quel prolifico filone di studi che ormai da anni cerca di indagare il mondo dei network, analizzandone le ricadute organizzative, sia in termini di profitto, sia in termini di accrescimento della conoscenza organizzativa. L’idea di fondo, già ampiamente dibattuta, è che il network contribuisca efficacemente al miglioramento delle performance aziendali, generando fiducia e conoscenza attraverso una varietà di alleanze (orizzontali, verticali, trasversali…) e di legami (forti, deboli). In particolare, e questo è il focus principale del lavoro, ciò che ho voluto sottolineare è il ruolo particolare che le attività di networking possono esercitare durante le fasi di start up, quando cioè l’azienda prende forma e si costituisce: è durante questa fase che l’esistenza o meno di alleanze costituisce infatti un chiaro elemento differenziante, contribuendo al successo di quelle imprese che più di altre trovano nel sistema delle reti un valido ed efficace supporto al loro sviluppo. In sintesi, l’obiettivo di quest’analisi è stato quello di evidenziare l’impatto del networking, sia sugli asset finanziari, sia sulla generazione di nuove conoscenze e quindi sull’innovazione. In particolare, recuperando il concetto di learning economy, si è cercato di dimostrare il forte legame che esiste tra conoscenza e innovazione, soffermandosi in special modo sul cosiddetto “effetto spillover”.
This research is embedded in a prolific strand of studies investigating the world of networks with the aim to understand how they can generate organisational benefits, both in terms of profit and organisational knowledge. The driving idea, already extensively discussed, is that network-based organisations can achieve better performances, generating trust and knowledge through a variety of alliances (horizontal, vertical, transversal…) and ties (strong, weak…). In particular, aim of the present research is to stress the networking contribution to the start-up phase, when firms are established. Indeed it is during this phase that the existence or not of alliances makes the difference, contributing to the success of firms operating in a network-based system and recognizing its important contribution to the business results. In synthesis, goal of this analysis was to highlight the impact of networking activities, either on the financial assets or on the generation of innovation through the spread of new ideas. In particular, resorting to the concept of “learning economy”, I attempted to demonstrate the strong ties existing between knowledge and innovation, with a particular emphasis on the so-called “spillover effect”.
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Cavalcante, Fernando Luiz Nobre. "Start! Up? O arranque empreendedor do capitalismo informacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20098.

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CAVALCANTE, Fernando Luiz Nobret. Start! Up? O arranque empreendedor do capitalismo informacional. 2015. 381f. - Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.
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In Brazil, and more recently in the city of Fortaleza, there is a new form of entrepreneurship that is focused on the information and communication technology service sector and that draws the attention of young people, investors, governments, authors and media companies: it is known as the start-up movement. Today, it is considered to be a driving force behind the creative economy. Rooted on progressive discourse, the words enterprise and innovation seduce new economic agents motivated by success stories from Silicon Valley in America along with increasing commercial activity for digital goods and services. This master’s dissertation assesses, from a sociological point of view, the new productive wave problematized by the light of Manuel Castells’ informational capitalism. Considering the skeptical as well as the optimistic opinions about the impact of this new entrepreneurial rearrangement, the following question is asked: does the startup movement rekindle the capitalist spirit or does it present roots which divert from its speculating essence? The raised hypotheses are based on employability factors as well as cultural, economical, and political matters related to innovation and technology. This study has produced a nationwide quantitative assessment with a special focus on the reality of these Ceará firms; as well as comparative qualitative interviews on American and Brazilian experiences lived by identified agents. This dissertation outlines the public incentive policy of the federal government, the Start-up Brasil Program, from the perspective of these companies and provides details as to the discipline methods of the new enterprising way born in the United States. The startups are very young companies that are headed towards the economic sustainment of the productive sector services. These companies are dropping the seeds that will produce the re-enchantment of young people and bring them back to participation in political debate; they provide relief and reheats the job market; and they produce a democratization of the entrepreneurial “Do-It-Yourself” culture. They capitalize the pivot of the wall street wolves and of agents being charged for new masks. There are developmental logic’s prophylaxis in the face of dreadful innovation stagnation. The lack of continuity in Brazilian governmental politics and cultural nuances related to entrepreneurship are barring the desired regional success of this ecosystem.
Emerge no Brasil, e mais recentemente na cidade de Fortaleza, uma nova forma de empreendedorismo voltada ao setor de serviços de tecnologia de informação e comunicação, que desperta a atenção de jovens, investidores, governos, autores e empresas midiáticas: o movimento intitulado de startups, hoje considerado como força motriz da “economia criativa”. Usados em discursos progressistas, os verbos empreender e inovar seduzem novos agentes econômico, embasados nos casos de sucesso da região americana do Vale do Silício, que está alinhada às crescentes práticas de consumo de serviços e mercadorias digitais. Esta dissertação de mestrado esmiuça, sob ótica a sociológica, a nova onda produtiva problematizada à luz do capitalismo informacional de Manuel Castells. Bifurcada em visões céticas e otimistas quanto ao impacto deste novo rearranjo empreendedor, questiona-se: o movimento das startups rejuvenesce o espírito capitalista ou apresenta raízes divergentes à sua essência especulativa? As hipóteses levantadas estão relacionadas a fatores de empregabilidade, culturais, econômicos, políticos e questões relativas à inovação e tecnologia. Neste estudo foi feito um levantamento quantitativo no âmbito do Brasil, mas focando especialmente na realidade destas firmas cearenses. Tal foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativas, comparativas com experiências americanas e brasileiras, entre os agentes identificados. A dissertação esboça a política pública do governo federal de estímulo a estas empresas, o Programa Start-up Brasil, e detalha os métodos disciplinadores da nova forma de empreender transferida dos Estados Unidos. As startups são as firmas infantes que caminham rumo à sustentação econômica do setor produtivo de serviços. Semeiam o reencanto à participação de jovens no centro de debates políticos; proporcionam o alívio que reaquece o mercado de trabalho; acessibilizam o escudo democrático da cultura do empreendedorismo “faça-você-mesmo”. Capitalizam o pivô dos “lobos” de Wall Street e de agentes que se vestem de novas carapuças. São profilaxias da lógica desenvolvimentista perante o temido atraso inovativo. A falta de continuidade das políticas governamentais brasileiras e as nuances culturais relativas ao empreendedorismo são barreiras ao tão esperado sucesso regional deste ecossistema.
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LUISE, VINCENZO. "THE FOOD START-UP ECONOMY: IMAGINED FUTURES, ETHICS AND FINANCIAL EVALUATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/605949.

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Le politiche neoliberali, la diffusione delle nuove tecnologie digitali e le innovazioni delle forme organizzative del lavoro hanno prodotto una transizione fondamentale verso un'economia basata sulla produzione a un'economia basata sui servizi. Nella società post-fordista, i sistemi socio-economici sono basati sulla produzione, riproduzione e sul consumo di informazioni e conoscenze. Ciò ha trasformato la natura stessa del lavoro che è caratterizzato da pratiche lavorative individualizzate, interconnesse e altamente performative. Questo ha generato la creazione di un numero crescente di start-up digitali radicate nell'ideologia californiana. Il presente lavoro mira a esplorare la natura multiforme dell'economia ‘food start-up’ da tre diverse prospettive teoriche: l’immaginato sul futuro, le vocazioni imprenditoriali e le pratiche di valutazione finanziaria. La prima prospettiva mi consente di descrivere come gli start-uppers creano proiezioni narrative sulle economie future e su come loro cercano di colmare il divario tra il presente e un futuro imprevedibile. La seconda spiega in quali luoghi e attraverso quali pratiche gli start-uppers sviluppano ed eseguono specifiche attitudini imprenditoriali. La terza si focalizza sulle dinamiche e sugli assets che influenzano il valore finanziario delle start-ups. Coerentemente con questo quadro teorico, la strategia metodologica adottata si basa sugli ‘inventive methods’ all’interno di un approccio mixed methods. Ho combinato diverse tecniche metodologiche come l'etnografia, interviste semi-strutturate e tecniche di digital methods. Questo lavoro ha mostrato come le economie immaginate e le vocazioni imprenditoriali influenzano le valutazioni finanziarie. Il valore economico non è basato su metriche quantitative e sul calcolo probabilistico. Ma, da un lato, il ruolo dell'immaginario economico è necessario per agire in un contesto economico incerto in modo consapevole. D'altro canto, le attitudini imprenditoriali rappresentano il principale asset su cui si basano queste valutazioni finanziarie. In altre parole, gli start-uppers devono dimostrare attraverso performance pubbliche che possiedono le capacità per avere successo. Questo gli consente di ricevere investimenti. Pertanto, le aspettative su un futuro immaginato e le performance della ‘chiamata imprenditoriale’ sono le fonti di valore finanziario nell'economia start-up.
The neoliberal policies, the spread of new digital technologies and organizational innovations have produced a fundamental transition in advanced industrial from a manufacturing-based to a services- driven economy. In the post-fordist society, socio-economic systems are based on the production, reproduction, and consumption of information and knowledge. This has also transformed the nature of labor: venture labor is characterized by individualized, networked and highly performative working practices. This has generated a wave of digital ventures which are rooted in the entrepreneurial faith of Californian ideology. The present work aim to explore the multifaceted nature of the food start-up economy from three different theoretical perspectives: the imagined futures, the entrepreneurial vocation and ethics, and the financial evaluation practices. The first perspective allows me to describe how start-uppers create narrative projections about future economies and how they bridge the gap between the present and an unpredictable future. The second explains in which places and through which practices the start-uppers develop and perform specific entrepreneurial attitudes. The third focuses on the dynamics and assets which affect the financial value of the start- ups. Coherently with this theoretical frame, the methodological strategy adopted is based on the inventive methods strategy within a mixed methods approach. I combined different methodological techniques such as ethnography, semi-structured interviews and digital methods techniques. According to the findings, this work has shown how the imagined economies and the entrepreneurial vocations affect the financial evaluations of the start-ups. The economic value is not based on quantitative metrics and on the probabilistic calculation. On one hand, the role of economic imaginary is necessary for acting in an uncertain economic context in a conscious way. On the other hand, the entrepreneurial attitude represents the main asset on which these evaluations are based. In other words, start-uppers have to demonstrate through public performances that they have the capacities to be successful in order to receive financial support. Thus, fictional expectations and the performances of the ‘calling’ are the sources of financial value in start-up economy.
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D'Eusanio, Luca. "La diffusione delle start-up eco-innovative in Emilia-Romagna." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Il mio elaborato ha come scopo quello di creare un quadro della situazione regionale dal punto di vista delle start-up eco-innovative. Per fare questo ho utilizzato un sito/piattaforma internet contenente il registro delle start-up innovative in Italia. A partire da tale supporto ho analizzato 700 start-up situate nella regione Emilia-Romagna. Tra queste, ho individuato 78 start-up eco-innovative. Lo studio vuole comprendere le tendenze e la diffusione di tali start-up, studiandone, nell' ordine, la distribuzione geografica, l’inizio delle attività, il codice Ateco, la tecnologia OECD di riferimento. Con questo studio si arriverà poi in definitiva a capire quanto l’ambito della Green Economy sia diffuso in Emilia-Romagna.
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Kassayie, Berhanu T. "The development of small scale enterprises in the transition to a market economy : a case study on private small manufacturing in Bulgaria." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300728.

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Jonsson, Sara. "New insights on financing and business development of start-up firms and SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11009.

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Danč, Radek. "Podnikatelský start-up FairList s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225034.

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The thesis is associated with designing a business plan for a start-up named FairList Ltd.. The business plan is developed on the basis of the originally designed economic model which does not generate the needed profit. Attention is especially given to the analysis of the market and the identification of the specific needs of language educators and potential students who play an essential role in the success of the entire project.
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Rodighiero, Stefano <1986&gt. "(Re)-start up e misurazione delle performance." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5370.

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L'oggetto della seguente tesi è la misurazione delle performance in un'ottica strategica nei modelli di business innovativi. In particolare, saranno prese in riferimento le start up digitali. Nella prima parte, sarà esposto il funzionamento degli incubatori aziendali per la nascita delle start up. Successivamente, sarà descritto il concetto di Re-start up, ovvero, come le imprese consolidate riescono ad avviare nuove imprese. Inoltre, il lavoro prosegue con l’esposizione di un nuovo approccio che consente la creazione di start up innovative e saranno anche illustrati degli indicatori significativi. Infine, a seguito dello stage effettuato presso H-FARM, saranno illustrati tre casi pratici che testimoniano come questo approccio, con i relativi indicatori, è stato applicato alle start up.
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Donazzan, Roberta <1990&gt. "Webmedicine: una start-up in chiave sostenibile." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4888.

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Si presenta nel dettaglio il business model della start-up al fine di evidenziare la peculiarità del servizio offerto. Di seguito si analizza la fattibilità del nuovo progetto attraverso la valutazione economico- finanziaria del business. Infine si introduce la sostenibilità nella teoria e si evidenzia come questo aspetto caratterizza il modus operandi di Webmedicine.
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Books on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Senor, Dan. Start-up Nation. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2009.

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Saul, Singer, ed. Start up nacija: Tajna izraelskog ekonomskog čuda. Zagreb: Profil, 2014.

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Saul, Singer, ed. Start-up nation: The story of Israel's economic miracle. New York: Twelve, 2009.

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Ciccone, Antonio. Start-up costs and pecuniary externalities as barriers to economic development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Merz, Joachim. Start-up success of freelancers: New microeconometric evidence from the German socio-economic panel. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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Il farsi di una classe dirigente per il Mezzogiorno: Lo start-up dell'intervento straordinario. Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2012.

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Enterprise planning and development: Small business start-up, survival and development. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006.

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Owen, Edwards, ed. Netscape time: The making of the billion-dollar start-up that took on Microsoft. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

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Chen, Xian. Chuang ye chuang xin: Zhongguo jing ji zhuan xing zhi lu = Start -up and innovation : the path of China's economic transformation. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min chu ban she, 2017.

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Start-up Poland: The people who transformed an economy. University of Chicago Press, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Hill, Inge. "Enterprise and Individuals in Society and the Economy." In Start Up, 1–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42584-3_1.

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Eggers, Bernd, Alexander Grewe, and Stephanie Busch. "Wachstum in der New Economy — Die Pionierkrise in Start-up-Unternehmen." In Electronic Business und Mobile Business, 657–76. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82359-5_22.

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Geibel, Richard C., and Meghana Manickam. "Analysis of Start-Up Ecosystems in Germany and in the USA." In Leadership, Innovation and Entrepreneurship as Driving Forces of the Global Economy, 639–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43434-6_55.

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Pambudi, Noorhan Firdaus, S. M. Samindi M. K. Samarakoon, Togar Mangihut Simatupang, Nur Budi Mulyono, and Liane Okdinawati. "Circular Waste Management by Start-Up Companies in Indonesia Using a Bottom-Up Circular Economy Business Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 349–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17629-6_36.

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Gupta, Nishtha, Monika Singla, and Udit Agrawal. "Zero-Debt Start-Up in Capital-Intensive Solar Industry: A Case Study on Rays Experts." In Leadership, Innovation and Entrepreneurship as Driving Forces of the Global Economy, 651–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43434-6_56.

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Sanda, Mohammed-Aminu. "Technology Start-Up Firms’ Management of Data Security and Trust in Collaborative Work with Third-Parties in a Developing Economy." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 520–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20154-8_48.

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Baldarelli, Maria-Gabriella. "Company Case Study 5: The Value of Values in Economy of Communion Enterprises—Start Up and Governance of Loppiano Prima." In Intrinsic CSR and Competition, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21037-3_12.

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Jones, Oswald, Allan Macpherson, and Dilani Jayawarna. "Business Start-up and Economic Development." In Resourcing the Start-up Business, 464–505. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312918-14.

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Retolaza, José Luis, Leire San-José, and José Torres Pruñonosa. "Socio-Economic Return of Start-Up Companies: An Advantage of Entrepreneurship." In New Challenges in Entrepreneurship and Finance, 259–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08888-4_19.

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de Sousa, Joana Coutinho, and Jorge Gaspar. "Start-Up." In Disruptive Technology, 24–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9273-0.ch002.

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Nowadays, we are witnessing an increase of innovation both on start-up and SME. The implementation of innovation has a strong impact in the knowledge of economy. The ability of human being in creating it can be defined as a basic skill in a global economy, involving learning as an essential dynamism of the competition. Furthermore, the research and development activities are very important not only for universities and companies but also for the global economy. This paper presents a new conceptual approach for innovation process in start-ups and a new methodology to know how long the innovation process must take. The conceptual approach proposed is divided into seven interactive steps: 1) Have an idea (product, service, process, business/marketing; 2) Analyze the state-of-the-art and the market; 3) R&D activities and Intellectual Property; 4) Listen the market; 5) Define a flexible business plan; 6) Find a business partner; and 7) Go-to-market. Regarding the time of innovation, the presented methodology is based on five Porter's Forces.
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Conference papers on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Mura, Ladislav. "INNOVATIONS AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF SLOVAK START-UP ENTERPRISES." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2020.57.

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An essential part of the corporate sector is formed by small and highly innovative enterprises, the start-ups. They introduce highly innovative activities, new solutions, integrate research results into their activities, as well as apply new technologies in their everyday practice. Start-ups are increasingly popular in different sectors of the national economy since they are a vital part of the entrepreneurial environment. The entrepreneurial activity of start-ups focuses on highly innovative products or services with high added value for the target customer. The main goal of the current paper is to target the innovative activity of Slovak start-ups. The paper presents partial results of the research conducted by targeting Slovak start-ups. The research results conclude that innovative start-ups are the driving force of the entrepreneurial sector. The innovative activities of these businesses rank them among the highly competitive and successful players on the market, even in a challenging business environment.
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Gao, Yuecheng, and Jiaming Yang. "Challenge and Opportunity for Development of Start-up in Pet Economy Through E-commerce Channel." In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.015.

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Vonoga, Aija, and Baiba Klavina. "Analysis of start-up development registered in the associations in the Baltic States." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.034.

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This research paper focuses on start-ups. The topicality of the research is based on economic development requirements and trends. Development of start-ups is an important chain link in the innovation system and promotes the change of the paradigm to modern and innovative economy. The aim of the research is to study start-up associations in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia and analyze start-ups registered in databases of these associations. Tasks of the research are the following: to carry out a theoretical analysis of Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian start-up associations and start-ups; to study the variables that characterize start-ups registered in start-up associations in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia; to perform data analysis and visualize results; to present conclusions and proposals for further research. Research covers data about start-ups founded in the period from 2011 until 2021 and included in Baltic start-up association databases. General scientific research methods used in the research are the monographic or descriptive research, the comparative analysis and the descriptive statistics. Research authors conclude that Latvian association of start-ups is different from counterparts in Lithuania and Estonia. It might be assumed that it affects the divergence of the number of start-ups registered in databases. In Latvia, this number is almost 10 times lower than in other Baltic states.
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Lee, Byungchan, Dohoy Jung, John Myers, Jae-Hoon Kang, Young-Ho Jung, and Kwang-Yeon Kim. "Fuel Economy Improvement During Cold Start Using Recycled Exhaust Heat and Electrical Energy for Engine Oil and ATF Warm-Up." In SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0674.

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Papadopoulou, Kassandra A., and Robert A. Phillips. "The Value of an Enterprise Postgraduate Research Programme for creating business start-ups in the UK." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11122.

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The Masters of Enterprise Programme is a postgraduate programme whereby a student attempts to start a business during the course of their studies. Established in 2001, we have analysed the success of the 59 companies created from the course and found that as expected the start-up rate is higher than the general population. We also found that ratio of male to female founders (70-30) was similar to start-ups from the general population; however, the survival rate of ventures created from the programme was significantly higher. Also, a higher rate of the businesses were employing more than just the founder, implying they are what could be considered “Entrepreneurial” businesses rather than simply someone self- employed as might be normal in some careers. Despite many overseas students completing the course, only 3 of the businesses were founded outside the UK, suggesting the UK economy is benefitting from the ventures created. We also discuss other outcomes from the course such as these entrepreneurial students are often recruited by top corporates. We further discuss what we believe are the contributing pedagogic factors to its success. Keywords: Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Education, Employability, Start-ups, UK economy.
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Mavlutova, Inese, Kristaps Lesinskis, and Grigorijs Olevskis. "Contemporary Role of SMEs in Employment in Manufacturing and Service Industries." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.074.

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Analysis made in the article allows to conclude that the SME sector of high-tech manufacturing industries plays growing role in solving the problems of employment in developed countries. However, the major problem is that it is capable for only partial compensation of the loss of jobs in labour intensive sectors of the economy. Accumulation of knowledge of the population in industrialized countries together with high levels of computer literacy contributes to the revitalization of business services sellers that are mainly small sized businesses. In the era of fast growing technology industries, in particular related to IT sector, the role of SMEs in economy is increasing as they are main players in start -up communities and IT industries in general. Thus they can growingly contribute to the employment and labour market. The authors proceed from the assumption that service sector, and business services in particular, to a certain extent are capable of absorbing of workforce. This article argues that employment in the service sector in the developed economies is still largely focused on traditional sectors of activity. The purpose of the paper is to investigate latest trends of SMEs role in employment in the developed countries and the role of service sector in stabilizing labour market. Theoretical approaches, statistical data and policy analysis are used to research contemporary labour market trends. Knowledge - intensive services that are important from the point of view of economic dynamics, only start to concur positions in the developed countries.
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Cleary, David J., Ronald O. Grover, and David P. Sczomak. "Development and Optimization of a Two-Valve Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) Small Block Engine." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19168.

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A systems approach is implemented to fully optimize the overall performance of a gasoline SIDI two-valve “small block” engine. The objective is to maximize fuel economy while achieving significant improvements in idle stability, cold-start emissions, and torque and power performance relative a baseline port-fuel-injected (PFI) engine. The scope includes the optimization of the fuel injector, piston, cylinder head, cams, in-cylinder charge motion, and the intake-manifold. The results show that the SIDI engine provides the potential to achieve 6.5% better fuel economy; a result of higher efficiency when implementing a higher geometric compression ratio and significantly better combustion performance. A multiple fuel-injection strategy is examined to provide lower HC emissions at a representative cold-start operating condition. The engine’s idle stability is improved by a factor of three; the individual contributions from a better combustion system design and from multiple fuel injections are identified. The new SIDI engine concept demonstrated significantly better wide-open-throttle (WOT) performance, including up to 10% higher torque and 6% more power when using premium fuel. This document further demonstrates the performance sensitivity to engine design variables while emphasizing the importance of using a systems approach to achieve optimized performance for the direct-injection engine technology.
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Domańska, Agnieszka, Anna Anetta Janowska, Konrad Kostrzewa, and Radosław Malik. ""THE QUALITY OF THE ECOSYSTEM OF START-UP COMPANIES IN POLAND AS A FACTOR OF THEIR INTERNATIONALIZATION IN THE GLOBAL NETWORK ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT - RESEARCH PROJECT. GOALS, ASSUMPTIONS AND RESEARC METHODS ”." In 30th International Academic Conference, Venice. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.030.014.

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Abu Mallouh, M., B. W. Surgenor, M. Salah, E. Abdelhafez, A. Hamdan, and M. Hamdan. "Performance Comparison of Different Power Management Control Strategies for a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Vehicle." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20599.

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Power management systems are one of the most important components in modern hybrid vehicles. They are needed to optimize the operation of the hybrid system components. In this paper, a model for a fuel cell/battery vehicle is developed using PSAT and then tested with four power management control strategies utilizing the driving cycle of Amman city, the capital of Jordan. The main components of the hybrid vehicle are a PEM fuel cell, battery, and a brushless dc motor. PEM fuel cells are popular due to their good start up, high power density, and low operating temperature. The role of the battery in a hybrid system is to boost the system power during start-up and transient events in addition to storing the energy recovered from the braking process. The developed hybrid vehicle model is designed and configured so that it matches the power, acceleration, and maximum speed of a midsized vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. The proposed control strategies are the thermostat strategy, fuel cell optimized strategy, load following strategy and fuzzy logic strategy. All four control strategies are implemented in simulation utilizing PSAT. The simulation results indicate that the best performance in terms of fuel economy is achieved by the load following control strategy.
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Kalinina, M. A., A. V. Savicheva, M. V. Prokhorova, and L. N. Ponomaryova. "The phenomenon of giftnedness in the field of youth entrepreneurship." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.538.550.

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Youth entrepreneurship can become one of the driving locomotives in the development of the Russian economy. The empirical investigation aimed at eliciting youth potential and feasibility of promoting their giftedness in the entrepreneurial sphere. 220 students and postgraduates of 13 universities, located in 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, participated in it. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire during the all-Russian program for the development of the youth project environment “Innograd — 2019: my start”. Content-analysis and descriptive statistics methods were used for data processing. The phenomenon of giftedness to entrepreneurial activity, based on a set of interconnected psychic determinants, including creativity, intrinsic motivation, perseverance in achieving goals, leadership and organizational skills, non-conformism, may be discussed only in exceptional cases (about 1 %). Meanwhile, modern youth has the potential to start a business and connects their professional future with it. Youth entrepreneurship is a multi-motivated activity. External positive and external negative, internal motives are combined into a single structure. It is internal motives, prompted by the needs for self-realization and independence that determine entrepreneurial giftedness. Modern young people consider the main barriers to launching their own business to be outside. To these they refer deficiency of start-up capital, lack of knowledge and adverse environmental factors. Supportive measures, provided by the state through the creation of appropriate infrastructure, eliminate the majority of the difficulties and reduce the risks in setting up own businesses. For young people, gifted in the business field, these barriers are conditional.
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Reports on the topic "Start-up economy"

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Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Food in the digital platform economy – making sense of a dynamic ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jbr429.

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The food services sector has been evolving rapidly over the past decade, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The traditional linear model of food producers selling through wholesalers to brick and mortar retailers, restaurants and hospitality venues is increasingly being displaced by complex interactive digital ecosystems of online food services providers. Consumers are increasingly able to access food directly at various stages along the traditional value chain via interaction with digital platforms and rapid home-delivery networks, realising greater convenience, more variety in food products and services from a dynamic start-up scene, and overall enhanced value. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure these innovations are aligned with the public good and do not compromise food safety and public health.
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Hearn, Greg, Marion McCutcheon, Mark Ryan, and Stuart Cunningham. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geraldton. Queensland University of Technology, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.203692.

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Grassroots arts connected to economy through start-up culture Geraldton is a regional centre in Western Australia, with 39,000 people and a stable, diverse economy that includes a working port, mining services, agriculture, and the rock-lobster fishing industry (see Appendix). Tourism, though small, is growing rapidly. The arts and culture ecosystem of Geraldton is notable for three characteristics: - a strong publicly-funded arts and cultural strategy, with clear rationales that integrate social, cultural, and economic objectives - a longstanding, extensive ecosystem of pro-am and volunteer arts and cultural workers - strong local understanding of arts entrepreneurship, innovative business models for artists, and integrated connection with other small businesses and incubators
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Baker, Lucy. The Political Economy of South Africa’s Carbon Tax. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.017.

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The subject of carbon pricing is rising up the global policy agenda, as countries take action in the aftermath of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s Conference of the Parties 26 summit in November 2021. South Africa is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa to have enacted a carbon tax to date, and, globally speaking, was ahead of the curve when it started to consider its implementation at the start of 2010. With a historically energy-intensive and carbon-intensive economy as a core feature of its minerals-energy complex, South Africa is the world’s 14th largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and the largest emitter on the continent. Its electricity grid is the world’s most carbon-intensive, and its primary energy consumption is ranked 17th globally. While the country’s gross domestic product is the 30th highest in the world, it is also one of the most unequal. It has a legacy of socioeconomic and political exclusion, and marginalisation created by the apartheid history that has persisted in the decades since the democratic transition in 1994. This paper asks to what extent and in what way has South Africa’s political economy shaped the process and implementation of its carbon tax? In answering this question, the report explores and analyses the design and implementation of the tax; the key criticisms to which it has been subjected; the effectiveness of the tax, not least in light of the considerable allowances and exemptions that have been included in its design; the relationship between the carbon tax and other existing climate change policies; and the potential relevance of South Africa’s experience for other countries on the continent.
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Di Mario, Luca, Juergen Von Kories, and Mohammed Haikal. Metals and Plastic Recycling in Maldives. Asian Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230010-2.

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This working paper shows how Maldives can boost recycling to strengthen its solid waste management strategy, protect its blue ocean economy, and create green business opportunities to support its long-term sustainable growth. Estimating under 2 percent of plastic waste is recycled in the island nation, it outlines how factors including high costs, inefficient collection efforts, and a lack of reprocessing facilities are hobbling recycling efforts. It recommends Maldives set up public-private partnerships with waste exporters and recyclers, incentivize domestic demand, and build a modern waste collection system to protect its environment and start the transition to a circular economy.
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Ciccone, Antonio, and Kiminori Matsuyama. Start-Up Costs and Pecuniary Externalities as Barriers to Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4363.

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Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby, and Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security: UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.

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The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
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Cavallo, Eduardo A., Arturo Galindo, Victoria Nuguer, and Andrew Powell. Open configuration options 2022 Latin American and Caribbean Macroeconomic Report: From Recovery to Renaissance: Turning Crisis into Opportunity. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004180.

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Economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean was stronger than expected in 2021 but waned at the start of 2022. High commodity prices due to the war between Russia and Ukraine will provide a boost to exporters, while imposing significant costs on commodity importers and pushing up inflation across countries. The ongoing conflict, together with policy normalization in advanced economies, carries significant risks for the region. Volatility in financial markets could depress investment and bring down growth further. Policymakers need to take urgent measures to boost inclusive growth. As minor fixes are unlikely to result in notable benefits, governments should consider more fundamental resets of policy frameworks. This report analyzes growth prospects, monetary policy, and external and financial sectors. The recommendations stress the need for a new architecture for both fiscal and labor market policies. Policymakers should seize the window of opportunity provided by the COVID-19 crisis and global security concerns to improve the outlook for the region.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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