Journal articles: 'Starling parental care study'

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Eens, Marcel, Veerle Darras, Lutgarde Arckens, Elke de Ridder, and Rianne Pinxten. "Plasma testosterone levels of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during the breeding cycle and in relation to song and paternal care." Behaviour 144, no. 4 (2007): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907780756003.

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In temperate-zone birds, seasonal testosterone (T) profiles often vary among species with different mating systems. The trade-off hypothesis suggests that T levels in male birds represent a trade-off between additional mating effort, stimulated by high T, and paternal effort, inhibited by high T. To study the role of T in mediating the trade-off between paternal and mating effort in the facultatively polygynous European starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ), we monitored seasonal fluctuations in T levels and song activity, which functions mainly in mate attraction, and we investigated natural covariation between plasma T levels and male parental and song behaviour during the parental phase. T concentrations peaked during nest building, remained high during the fertile period, and then decreased gradually during the period of paternal care. This resembles the profile typically found in polygynous species with biparental care. Seasonal variation in song activity paralleled seasonal changes in T. The proportion of time spent incubating was significantly negatively correlated with T levels in individual males. There was a positive, but non-significant, correlation between song activity at an additional nest box and T levels during incubation. We suggest that this negative correlation between T and incubation behaviour may be partly explained by T increases in males responding to the presence of prospecting females with additional nestbox occupation and mate attraction song, rather than that high T levels stimulate mate attraction song. During the feeding period, characterized by a very low availability of unmated females, variation in T levels was low and there was no covariation between T and feeding. T levels during the parental phase reflect, but do not seem to directly regulate, the trade-off between parental and additional mating effort and other factors such as opportunities for additional matings may influence the resolution of this reproductive trade-off.

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van Overveld, Thijs, Michael J. L. Magrath, and Jan Komdeur. "Contrasting effects of reduced incubation cost on clutch attendance by male and female European starlings." Behaviour 142, no. 11-12 (2005): 1479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853905774831837.

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AbstractIn biparental birds, the relative contribution of the sexes to parental care can be viewed as a co-operative equilibrium that reflects the relative costs and benefits to each parent. If there are asymmetries in these costs or benefits, then any changes to the cost of care could result in a corresponding adjustment to their relative contribution. Incubation is a parental activity, shared in many species, which is costly both in terms of energy expenditure and time. In this study we manipulated the cost of incubation for pairs of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) by experimentally warming selected clutches to examine how this affected attendance by each parent. We found that total nest attendance did not differ between heated and control nests, although there was some evidence among heated nests that attendance declined with increasing effectiveness of the heater. Furthermore, relative male contribution was greater at heated than control nests resulting from the net effect of females tending to reduce, and males increase, attendance. We suggest that this shift in relative attendance may have been observed because females have a more developed brood patch and are more sensitive and responsive to clutch temperature than males. Consequently, females tended to reduce attendance at heated nests while males, with less reliable information on the clutch's thermal status, increased attendance to compensate for the reduction by the female. We also found that females at heated nests were lighter than at control nests, possibly because they were able to shed the additional fat reserves, a characteristic of incubating birds, earlier than females at control nests. We suggest that adjustment of clutch temperature in biparental species provides a valuable approach to investigating factors, including functional differences, asymmetries in brood value, and parental negotiation rules, that shape the roles of the sexes in incubation.

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Lemon, Robert E., and D. James Mountjoy. "Male Song Complexity and Parental Care in the European Starling." Behaviour 134, no. 9-10 (1997): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853997x00025.

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Clark, L. "Consequences of homeothermic capacity of nestlings on parental care in the european starling." Oecologia 65, no. 3 (February 1985): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378914.

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Moreno, Juan, Marta Arenas, Sara Sánchez, and José Veiga. "Reproductive consequences for males of paternal vs territorial strategies in the polygynous spotless starling under variable ecological." Behaviour 139, no. 5 (2002): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260136762.

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AbstractThe males' trade-off between caring for the offspring or investing in attracting additional mates is well established in the theory of mating systems. The reproductive consequences for males of alternative strategies adopted by them in response to these conflicting demands should depend on several ecological and social factors that may strongly vary among years. This variation, however, has been rarely addressed in field studies despite it being essential to understand the evolution of parental care in facultatively polygynous species. In the present paper, we examine the reproductive consequences of paternal vs. territorial strategies in the polygynous spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) during four consecutive breeding seasons (1996-1999) in which the number of male defending nest boxes and several population variables such as nestling starvation rates, nest predation rates and fledgling production varied markedly. In 1996 we manipulated the propensity of males to feed their offspring by means of androgens and antiadrogens, and examined the consequences of male behaviour on reproductive success during the subsequent four breeding seasons. Males implanted in1996 with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (Cy-males) fed more frequently than males implanted with testosterone (T-males) or control males (C-males) both during the season in which they were implanted and in the next season. The number of nest boxes defended influenced total breeding success mainly in the years when male feeding frequency was less important for breeding success per nest. A lower proportion of Cy-males than T- or C-males still held at least a nest box in 1999, three years after they were implanted. As a result, the number of fledglings produced over the four years studied was smaller for Cy-males than for T- or C-males. These results suggest that the oscillating selective forces acting on breeding male starlings seem to operate more frequently against the development of parental care strategies, while the polygynous strategy seems to be favoured under a wide array of ecological conditions. Although increased density of potential breeders may constrain territorial expansion and polygyny, the high cost of losing a minimum breeding site may select for the maintenance of aggressive behaviour and low parental investment.

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Cuthill, Innes, and Jonathan Wright. "Monogamy in the European Starling." Behaviour 120, no. 3-4 (1992): 262–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00633.

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AbstractRecent theoretical and experimental studies appear to provide a comprehensive explanation for the evolutionary, and short-term, stability of biparental care in birds. However, much of the intraspecific variation in the absolute and relative contribution by the male and female remains to be explained. Most studies of the natural variation across pairs reveal positive correlations between the level of male and female nest defence or brood provisioning, but some species show negative relations, or between-season variability in the direction of the relationship. This study examines the determinants of male and female provisioning rate in monogamous European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), in terms of the patterns of male display, pairing patterns, laying phenology and clutch attributes. There was assortative pairing by body size and, controlling for female body size, larger males attracted relatively fecund mates. Males that sang relatively more, controlling for these body size effects, were paired with females that laid earlier. Female nest provisioning rates to experimentally standardized broods were positively correlated with female size, but male provisioning rates were unrelated to either song or any other attributes of themselves or their mates.

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Klein, Matthew B., and John D. Pierce. "Parental Care AIDS, but Parental Overprotection Hinders, College Adjustment." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 11, no. 2 (August 2009): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cs.11.2.a.

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Previous work has shown that students who have troublesome relationships with their parents show higher risk factors for poorer college adjustment. In the present study, we focused on the balance between two key aspects of parenting style, parental care and overprotection, as they affect the transition to college life. Eighty-three undergraduate college students completed the College Adjustment Scales and the Parental Bonding Instrument. The most successful college adjustment was seen in students with parents viewed as providing the unique combination of high care and low overprotection. Higher parental care and less overprotection were significantly associated with better college adjustment across several domains of college-related problems, including academic problems, anxiety, interpersonal problems, depression, self-esteem problems, and family problems. Both maternal and paternal care was critical for successful college adjustment. These results have important implications for understanding how familial issues powerfully influence college adjustment and student retention, and provide compelling evidence of the need for limits to parental support in students entering college.

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Mishra, Lokanath. "Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Care Education: a Study." International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 9, 2012): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20120202.04.

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Datta, Panchali, Sutapa Ganguly, and B. N. Roy. "The prevalence of behavioral disorders among children under parental care and out of parental care: A comparative study in India." International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 2018): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.12.001.

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Erstad, Brian L. "The Revised Starling Equation: The Debate of Albumin Versus Crystalloids Continues." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 54, no. 9 (February 14, 2020): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028020907084.

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Objectives: The purpose of this critical narrative review is to discuss the revised Starling equation for microvascular fluid exchange and the associated implications for intravenous fluid administration. Data Sources: PubMed (1946 to December 2019) and EMBASE (1947 to December 2019) were used, and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for additional articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles pertaining to the revised Starling equation and microvascular fluid exchange. Additionally, prospective human studies involving the disposition and oncotic action of radiolabeled albumin and large randomized trials comparing fluid requirements associated with isotonic crystalloid and albumin administration were included. Data Synthesis: In the revised Starling equation, oncotic forces act across the endothelial cell layer, more specifically between the fluid in the vessel lumen and the protein-sparse subglycocalyx space. The revised Starling equation and radiolabeled investigations of albumin necessitate a reconsideration of conventional views of the plasma-expanding properties of exogenous albumin. Large clinical trials demonstrate that the administration of iso-oncotic or hyper-oncotic albumin solutions in patients undergoing resuscitation does not have the reductions in fluid requirements anticipated from a traditional understanding of the oncotic actions of albumin. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: When used as a resuscitation fluid, albumin does not have the degree of plasma expansion or intravascular retention commonly used to justify its use. Conclusions: The principles underlying the revised Starling equation in conjunction with data from radiolabeled studies of albumin and large clinical trials demonstrate that albumin does not have the perceived degree of plasma expansion or duration of intravascular retention beyond crystalloid solutions predicted by the classic Starling equation.

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Malm-Buatsi, Elizabeth, Alexander G. S. Anderson, Erin Gubbins, Ebony PagePhillips, Max Maizels, and Karla T. Washington. "A qualitative study of parental preferences for postcircumcision care education." Journal of Pediatric Urology 16, no. 1 (February 2020): 46.e1–46.e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.10.010.

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Székely, Tamás, András Kosztolányi, Clemens Küpper, and Gavin H. Thomas. "Sexual conflict over parental care: a case study of shorebirds." Journal of Ornithology 148, S2 (October 9, 2007): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0218-1.

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Doi, Satomi, Aya Isumi, and Takeo Fujiwara. "The Association between Parental Involvement Behavior and Self-Esteem among Adolescents Living in Poverty: Results from the K-CHILD Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 6277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176277.

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It is not yet known why some adolescents living in poverty show high self-esteem, while others do not. Parental involvement may be an important determinant to promote self-esteem among adolescents living in poverty. The aim of this study is to explore better parenting involvement behavior to promote self-esteem among adolescents living in poverty. Participants included fifth-, eighth-, and 11th-grade students living in Koichi prefecture, Japan. The participants were part of the Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study, in 2016 (n = 10,784). Participants completed a questionnaire with questions about socioeconomic status and 14 parental involvement behaviors, including 9 specific kinds of parental interactions with their child (e.g., talking about school life), and 5 elements related to parental care for their child’s physical health (e.g., access to health care). The numbers of parental involvement behaviors, parental interactions with their child, and parental care for their child’s physical health were treated as continuous and quartile, to see the association. Overall, the study showed that the larger the number of parental involvement behaviors, the higher the self-esteem score of their off-spring (p < 0.01) among both adolescents living in poverty and not living in poverty, in which interaction between poverty and parental involvement behaviors was not significant. Both parental interaction with their child and parental care for their child’s physical health were associated with higher self-esteem, in which parental interaction with their child had a larger effect than parental care for their child’s physical health. To empower adolescents in poverty, caregivers need to provide both parental interaction with the child and parental care for the child’s physical health.

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Fehsenfeld, K. M., J. S. Sá Martins, S. Moss de Oliveira, and A. T. Bernardes. "Semelparous Penna Ageing Model with Parental Care." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 07 (October 1998): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918319800090x.

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In this paper we study the importance of parental care for the survival of semelparous species, that reproduce only once in life. We perform our simulations for sexual and asexual reproductions and show that catastrophic senescence (death soon after reproduction) is delayed if parental care is considered.

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Eens, Marcel, and Rianne Pinxten. "Male Feeding of Nestlings in the Facultatively Polygynous European Starling: Allocation Patterns and Effect On Female Reproductive Success." Behaviour 129, no. 1-2 (1994): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00389.

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AbstractParental investment by males is less common among birds with polygynous mating systems than in monogamous species. Here, we examined the contribution of males in feeding nestlings in the facultatively polygynous European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. 1. In nestbox colonies around Antwerp, Belgium, males and females within monogamous pairs divided the feeding duties about equally, with a slight bias towards the female, and responded similarly to changes in brood size and age of nestlings. 2. The proportion of primary females receiving male assistance in feeding nestlings was significantly smaller than the proportion of monogamous females during each of the three nestling age stages (early, mid and late) we considered. In most primary broods, the strong decrease in male assistance was not due to the male directing part of his feeding effort toward the brood of the secondary female, but was due to the fact that the male's investment in feeding primary nestlings was negatively affected by his polygynous behaviour. As prospecting females were present after hatching of the primary broods (as contrasted to other studied starling populations), most males spent time trying to attract and courting additional females instead of giving parental care to the primary brood. This suggests that males trade off the attraction of additional females against giving parental care to an existing brood. The proportion of secondary females receiving male assistance in feeding was significantly smaller than the proportion of monogamous females during the early- and mid nestling stages. Overall, secondary females received less male assistance than primary females. The amount of male help to primary and secondary broods was not related to the hatching interval between the primary and secondary brood. 3. Primary females did not suffer reduced breeding success compared to monogamous females. In secondary broods, nestling mortality (partial brood loss) was significantly higher than in both primary and monogamous broods, while average nestling weights were significantly lower. These results suggest that secondary females, as contrasted to primary females, are not able to compensate fully for the reduction in male assistance. 4. During the mid-nestling stage, when nestlings grow most rapidly, but not during the early- and late-nestling stages, polygynously mated females feeding young without male assistance significantly increased their per-caput feeding rate compared with aided polygynous females and monogamous females, and made as many feeding visits as did polygynous pairs in which the male assisted, and as monogamous pairs. The higher nestling mortality rates in polygynous broods without male help during the early and mid-nestling stages suggest that unaided females cannot compensate fully (in terms of quantity or quality of food delivered), that male starlings can improve female fledging success by assisting in feeding nestlings, and that the reduced reproductive success of secondary females is directly linked to the strongly reduced male assistance in feeding.

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Nelson, E. A. S., and B. J. Taylor. "International Child Care Practices Study: infant sleep position and parental smoking." Early Human Development 64, no. 1 (August 2001): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00165-7.

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Verberne, Lisa M., Antoinette YN Schouten-van Meeteren, Diederik K. Bosman, Derk A. Colenbrander, Charissa T. Jagt, Martha A. Grootenhuis, Johannes JM van Delden, and Marijke C. Kars. "Parental experiences with a paediatric palliative care team: A qualitative study." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 10 (February 1, 2017): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216317692682.

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Background: Parents of children with a life-limiting disease have to rely on themselves at home while adequate paediatric palliative care is lacking. In several countries, paediatric palliative care teams are introduced to ensure continuity and quality of care and to support the child and the family. Yet, little is known about how parents experience such multidisciplinary teams. Aim: To obtain insight into the support provided by a new paediatric palliative care team from the parents’ perspective. Design: An interpretative qualitative interview study using thematic analysis was performed. Setting/participants: A total of 47 single or repeated interviews were undertaken with 42 parents of 24 children supported by a multidisciplinary paediatric palliative care team located at a university children’s hospital. The children suffered from malignant or non-malignant diseases. Results: In advance, parents had limited expectations of the paediatric palliative care team. Some had difficulty accepting the need for palliative care for their child. Once parents experienced what the team achieved for their child and family, they valued the team’s involvement. Valuable elements were as follows: (1) process-related aspects such as continuity, coordination of care, and providing one reliable point of contact; (2) practical support; and (3) the team members’ sensitive and reliable attitude. As a point of improvement, parents suggested more concrete clarification upfront of the content of the team’s support. Conclusion: Parents feel supported by the paediatric palliative care team. The three elements valued by parents probably form the structure that underlies quality of paediatric palliative care. New teams should cover these three valuable elements.

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Gromov, Vladimir S. "Pair-bonding and parental care in cricetid rodents: a comparative study." Acta Theriologica 56, no. 1 (November 17, 2010): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-010-0013-x.

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Gwinner, Helga, Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Caren Cooper, and Barbara Helm. "‘Green incubation': avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 6, 2018): 20180376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0376.

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Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from parents. Parents may, however, trade off catering for embryonic requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be affected by properties of the nest. Here, we experimentally show a novel mechanism by which parents, through incorporation of aromatic herbs into nests, effectively modify their incubation behaviour to the benefit of their offspring. Our study species, the European starling, includes in its nest aromatic herbs which promote offspring fitness. We provided wild starlings with artificial nests including or excluding the typically selected fresh herbs and found strong support for our prediction of facilitated incubation. Herb effects were not explained by thermal changes of the nests per se , but by modified parental behaviours. Egg temperatures and nest attendance were higher in herb than herbless nests, egg temperatures dropped less frequently below critical thresholds and parents started their active day earlier. These effects were dynamic over time and particularly strong during early incubation. Incubation period was shorter in herb nests, and nestlings were heavier one week after hatching. Aromatic herbs hence influenced incubation in beneficial ways for offspring, possibly through pharmacological effects on incubating parents.

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Craig, T. K. J., A. P. Boardman, K. Mills, O. Daly-Jones, and H. Drake. "The South London Somatisation Study." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (November 1993): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.5.579.

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In a two-year longitudinal study, a two-stage screening procedure was used to identify subjects in primary care with emotional disorder presenting with a recent onset of physical symptoms and a comparison sample of patients presenting with physical symptoms only. Somatisers (n = 44) were defined as subjects who had an emotional disorder but who presented with physical symptoms that could not be attributed to organic disease. The course and outcome of these conditions were compared with those of pure emotional disorder (n = 11), pure physical disorder (n = 90) and ‘mixed’ conditions (n = 39). The physical symptoms of somatisers were less likely to improve and lagged behind those of the other groups, and 16 of these acute somatisers went on to develop chronic somatoform disorders. Among somatisers, changes in physical symptom levels throughout the follow-up closely mirrored changes in emotional arousal. Emotionally disordered subjects reported more instances of parental lack of care, but somatisers were also more likely than other groups to report parental physical illness and to have had more physical illness themselves in childhood. A logistic regression suggests that adult somatisation is best modelled by parental lack of care followed by childhood illness.

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Karim Shamikh, Assist Prof Dr Bisimat, and Assist teacher Mis Raed Eabd Alhamid. "The fear of love and parental care." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i3.784.

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The present research aims at knowing the following Agoraphobia in male children. The significance of differences of agoraphobia in male children who lose their parents in comparison with their peers who have parents. The anxiety of lacking love and parents care in male children. The significance of differences of lacking love and parents care of male children who lose their parents in comparison with their peers who have parents. The nature of the relationship between agoraphobia and lacking love and parents care in male children. The present research is limited to pupils in the primary stage, the fifth class, in the general administration of Rusafa the second/ morning study. Thus, the researcher has chosen the sample by using the randomly categorically method by equalize choosing which includes (200) male pupils only. However, the researcher has relied on the tenth international classification of behavioral and mental illnesses (ICD/10) in constructing and interpreting the scale of agoraphobia.. The researcher has arrived at the following results: The sample of the present research suffers from agoraphobia. There are no statistically significant differences in agoraphobia in male children who lose their parents in comparison with their peers who have parents. The sample of the present research suffers from the anxiety of lacking love and parents care. There are statistically significant differences in the anxiety of lacking love and parents care for the benefit of children who lose their parents. The results also show that there is a correlational relationship between agoraphobia and the anxiety of lacking love and parents care, where the coefficient is (0,368) . In the light of the above results, the researcher has put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions

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Dhingra, Pardeep. "Newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Concerns." Journal of Neonatology 34, no. 4 (December 2020): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217920980923.

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Background: Having a newborn baby admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful experience for the parents. Objectives: This study was planned to know the following: 1. The concerns of parents whose babies were admitted in NICU 2. Parental satisfaction level about the services provided 3. Assessment of parents for their understanding and knowledge at discharge Study Design: Semiqualitative interview. Participants: Parents of 100 (56 M, 44 F) neonates. Intervention: We subjected them to a semiqualitative interview on the day of discharge of their newborn infant. Questionnaire consisted of parent’s understanding regarding NICU and health care providers, their perspective about the possible cause of illness in their baby along with competence and communication skills of health care providers. Parental satisfaction about the services was assessed by the short assessment of patient satisfaction (SAPS). They were assessed for their anxiety and depression levels by hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). They were assessed for their knowledge about care of baby at home after discharge by patient knowledge questionnaire (PKQ). Results: Parents of 44% babies had no prior idea about NICU and why babies need to be admitted. In total, 48% mothers and 36% fathers had clinically significant anxiety levels as assessed by HADS. Many parents complained about lack of communication about their babies illness, its cause, duration of treatment, and prognosis. Both parents scored the caregivers on borderline scores on the SAPS. At discharge only 13% knew the correct dose and duration of medicines prescribed. PKQ scores varied from 5 to 20. Almost all parents emphasized the need for more space, resting place for mothers, and better communication by doctors. Conclusions: This study reveals a significant communication gap between health care providers and parents. Concerns of parents have to be addressed to have their full participation in newborn care.

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Orakbai, Lyazat, Nurlan Dzhaynakbaev, Togzhan Salmenova, Alexandr Vdovcev, Azhar Adilkhanova, and Zhansaya Meirmanova. "Physical development of teenagers remaining without parental care." Journal "Medicine" 5-6, no. 215-216 (December 13, 2020): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-215-216-5-6-2-6.

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Preserving and strengthening the health of orphaned children and children left without parental care is of great medical, social and public significance. The aim of the study. Assess the health status of adolescents without parental care. Material and methods. The object of the study was teenagers left without parental care (adolescents from 10 to 18 years old). The total sample size was 2,499 adolescents. Assessment of physical development was carried out on the hardware-software complex "Health-Express". This high-tech equipment, developed by the "Kazakh-Russian Medical University". Results and discussion. The authors have shown that at the present stage, there are negative trends in the number of children with disharmonious physical development due to lack of body length. For example, the frequency of identified disharmonious physical development in the age group 10-14 years was 71.8% and in the first childhood group 28.2%. The main reason for disharmonious physical development was a growth deficiency and moderate body weight deficiency. Conclusions. The main reason for the disharmonious physical development of adolescents left without parental care was a deficit in height and a moderate deficit in body weight. Keywords: physical development, teenagers, orphans, "Health-Express", body mass index, body length.

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Marinkovic, Jelena, Dusan Backovic, and Radojka Kocijancic. "Health status of adolescents deprived of parental care." Medical review 57, no. 11-12 (2004): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0412588m.

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Introduction Children deprived of parental care are a vulnerable population with complex needs and health problems. The aim of our study was to assess health status of this population and compare it with children living in their biological families. Material and methods Our study included 41 adolescents living in foster families (22 boys and 19 girls, mean age 14.66?1.39 and 43 adolescents living in child foster homes (16 boys and 27 girls, mean age 14.99?1.3). The control group consisted of their classmates living with their biological families (45 adolescents, 20 boys and 25 girls, mean age 14.69?1.43). Health status was assessed by analyzing their medical records. Results There were no differences in regard to anthropometric characteristics (body weight, body height, body mass index) and prevalence of body deformities in studied groups. Acute bronchitis was significantly more frequent in children living in foster families (41.5%) than in other two groups (16.3% - foster homes; 17.8% - biological families). Headaches were significantly more common in groups living in foster families (31.7%) and foster homes (25.6%) than in children living with their biological families. The same was established for myopia (46.3% - foster families; 32.6% - foster homes; 17.8% - biological families). Conclusion Even though there were no differences in regard to characteristics which are indicators of general health, it is apparent that children deprived of parental care present with particularities of health status. Additional researches are necessary in order to get insight into the causality of these phenomena.

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Vámosi, Marianne Eva, Berit L. Heitmann, Mikael Thinggaard, and Kyvik O. Kyvik. "Parental Care in Childhood and Obesity in Adulthood: A Study Among Twins." Obesity 19, no. 7 (July 2011): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.20.

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Aein, Fereshteh, Fatemeh Alhani, Eesa Mohammadi, and Anoshirvan Kazemnejad. "Parental participation and mismanagement: A qualitative study of child care in Iran." Nursing & Health Sciences 11, no. 3 (September 2009): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2009.00450.x.

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Matte, Thomas D., Joseph Mulinare, and J. David Erickson. "Case-control study of congenital defects and parental employment in health care." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 24, no. 1 (July 1993): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700240103.

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Mukattash, Tareq L., Anan S. Jarab, Walaa H. Gharaibeh, Rana K. Abu-Farha, Mohammad B. Nusair, and Rajaa Daghash. "Pharmaceutical care in children, an exploratory study of parental experiences in Jordan." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 42, no. 4 (July 20, 2020): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01095-0.

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Kunin, Marina, Erin Turbitt, Sarah A. Gafforini, Lena A. Sanci, Neil A. Spike, and Gary L. Freed. "Parental preferences for paediatric specialty follow-up care." Australian Health Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16062.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to examine factors associated with: (1) parental preference to receive follow-up care for their child from a general practitioner (GP); and (2) a decision to seek treatment when there is a slight worsening of their child’s condition. Methods Parents presenting with their child at any one of five paediatric out-patient clinics at two public hospitals in Melbourne (Vic., Australia) were surveyed. We performed frequency distributions, bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations with the preference for a GP for follow-up care and treatment in case of a slight worsening. Results In all, 606 parents were recruited to the study, 283 being new presentations and 323 presenting for review. GPs were selected as the preference for follow-up care by 23% (n = 142) of respondents, and 26% (n = 160) reported they would seek treatment from a GP if the condition of their child were to worsen slightly. There was an increased likelihood to prefer a GP for follow-up care for new patients (odds ratio (OR) 3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–4.83), those attending general paediatrics clinic (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11–2.70), and parents with a lower level of education (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.09–2.78). For review patients, if during the previous visit a paediatrician suggested follow-up with a GP, parents were more likely to prefer a GP as a follow-up provider (OR 6.70; 95% CI 3.42–13.10) and to seek treatment from a GP in case of a slight worsening (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.03–3.37). Conclusion Most parents attending paediatric out-patient appointments prefer to return for follow-up care; however, a paediatrician’s advice may have an important role in return of paediatric patients to primary care. What is known about the topic? In Australia, there has been a growing concern regarding long waiting times for specialist consultations in out-patient clinics and difficulties with access for new patients. This has occurred when the ratio of review attendees to new patients has tipped towards the review attendees. What does this paper add? Most parents of children attending paediatric out-patient clinics value follow-up care with paediatric specialists, even if the referring GP requested a return to their surgery. The advice of the consulting paediatrician in support of follow-up care with a GP contributes significantly to the willingness of parents to return to primary care and to seek treatment from their GP for a slight worsening of their child’s condition. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the present study have significant implications for the discharge of patients from speciality care: paediatricians can have an important role in the return of paediatric patients to primary care.

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Morton, Kathryn, Anne-Sophie Emma Darlington, and L. V. Marino. "Protocol for a multicentre longitudinal mixed-methods study: feeding and survivorship outcomes in previously healthy young paediatric Intensive care survivors (the PIES Study)." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e041234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041234.

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IntroductionAn admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with multiple physical and environmental stressors, often involving many negative and painful oral experiences. Evidence from children with complex medical conditions suggests that feeding difficulties post-PICU stay are common, causing significant parental anxiety. Adult intensive care unit (ICU) survivor studies suggest feeding issues lasting up to 3 months post-discharge from ICU. There is, however, a paucity of evidence regarding feeding outcomes for previously healthy children following a PICU admission and whether painful oral experiences during an admission contribute to feeding difficulties post-discharge, negatively impacting on parental/caregiver anxiety.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal mixed-methods study will explore the impact of feeding difficulties, identifying any clinical risk factors during the first 6 months of PICU discharge in previously healthy young children (≤4 years). Parents/caregivers of children will be asked to complete questionnaires relating to: feeding difficulties, parental/caregiver stress, and child and parental/caregivers’ feeding behaviours at the point of PICU discharge, 1, 3 and 6 months post-discharge. Parents/caregivers will be invited to participate in qualitative semistructured interviews at 3 and 6 months post-PICU discharge exploring parental/caregiver experiences of feeding their child after PICU. Statistical analysis of the survey data will consist of descriptive and inferential statistics, plus qualitative analysis of any free text comments using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study will provide an insight and increase our understanding of the prevalence of feeding difficulties in previously healthy children admitted to PICU and parental/caregiver experiences. Multiple methods will be used to ensure that the findings are effectively disseminated to service users, clinicians, policy and academic audiences. The study has full ethical approval from the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 20/YH/0160) and full governance clearance.

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Ibarra, P., S. Alemany, M. Fatjó-Vilas, A. Córdova-Palomera, X. Goldberg, B. Arias, I. González-Ortega, A. González-Pinto, I. Nenadic, and L. Fañanás. "The BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism modulates parental rearing effects on adult psychiatric symptoms: A community twin-based study." European Psychiatry 29, no. 5 (June 2014): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.03.001.

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AbstractPurpose:To test whether firstly, different parental rearing components were associated with different dimensions of psychiatric symptoms in adulthood, secondly BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism moderated this association and thirdly, this association was due to genetic confounding.Method:Perceived parental rearing according to Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), psychiatric symptoms evaluated with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism were analyzed in a sample of 232 adult twins from the general population.Results:In the whole sample, paternal care was negatively associated with depression. Maternal overprotection was positively associated with paranoid ideation, obsession-compulsion and somatization. Gene-environment interaction effects were detected between the BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism and maternal care on phobic anxiety, paternal care on hostility, maternal overprotection on somatization and paternal overprotection also in somatization. In the subsample of MZ twins, intrapair differences in maternal care were associated with anxiety, paranoid ideation and somatization.Conclusions:Met carriers were, in general, more sensitive to the effects of parental rearing compared to Val/Val carriers in relation to anxiety and somatization. Contra-intuitively, our findings suggest that high rates of maternal care might be of risk for Met carriers regarding anxiety. Results from analyses controlling for genetic confounding were in line with this finding.

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Lisanti, Amy Jo, Lois Ryan Allen, Lynn Kelly, and Barbara Medoff-Cooper. "Maternal Stress and Anxiety in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 26, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2017266.

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Background Mothers whose infants are born with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) experience stress during their infant’s hospitalization in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). Objectives This study addressed 2 research questions: (1) What are the parental stressors for mothers whose infants with CCHD are in the PCICU? And (2) What are the relationships of trait anxiety and 3 parental stressors to the parental stress response of state anxiety in mothers whose infants with CCHD are in the PCICU? Methods This descriptive correlational study included 62 biological mothers of infants admitted to a PCICU within 1 month of birth who had undergone cardiac surgery for CCHD. Maternal and infant demographics and responses to the Parental Stressor Scale: Infant Hospitalization and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were collected at 3 major PCICUs across the United States. Results Mothers’ scores revealed that infant appearance and behavior was the greatest stressor, followed by parental role alteration, then sights and sounds. The combination of trait anxiety and parental role alteration explained 26% of the variance in maternal state anxiety. Mothers with other children at home had significantly higher state anxiety than did mothers with only the hospitalized infant. Conclusions Results from this study revealed factors that contribute to the stress of mothers whose infants are born with CCHD and are hospitalized in a PCICU. Nurses are in a critical position to provide education and influence care to reduce maternal stressors in the PCICU, enhance mothers’ parental role, and mitigate maternal state anxiety.

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Gottfried, Michael A. "ELL School Readiness and Pre-Kindergarten Care." Educational Policy 31, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904814558011.

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The increased utilization of non-parental pre-kindergarten care has spurred interest by both researchers and policy makers as to what types of care might be effective at boosting school readiness. Under-developed in the research has been an assessment of the influence of pre-kindergarten care on school readiness for English Language Learners (ELLs). This research gap is critical to fill, as ELL students are not only a growing segment of the U.S. schooling population but also enter school at a disadvantage compared with other students. This study fills this gap by using nationally representative data (i.e., Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten [ECLS-K]) to examine the influence of pre-kindergarten care in the year before kindergarten entry on a range of socio-behavioral school readiness indicators measured at kindergarten entry. The findings indicate that ELL students in center-based care or non-center/non-parental care have lower problem behaviors and higher social skills compared with ELL students exclusively in parental care. Implications are discussed.

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Silove, Derrick. "Perceived Parental Characteristics and Reports of Early Parental Deprivation in Agoraphobic Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678609158884.

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It is commonly believed that patients with agoraphobia have suffered more frequently from aberrant family experiences in childhood. Some authors have described an excess of parental deprivation and others have incriminated parental overprotectiveness. Recent studies have failed to confirm these impressions but, instead, find that agoraphobic patients recall deficits in parental warmth and care during their early years. This report of a Sydney case-control study adds support to the view that parental overprotectiveness in isolation is unlikely to place the child at greater risk of developing agoraphobia in the future. Only when the child experiences a sense of parental neglect and lack of care, either alone or in combination with overprotection, does the risk of agoraphobia in adulthood appear to be increased.

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Lumpkin, James R. "Grandparents in a Parental or Near-Parental Role." Journal of Family Issues 29, no. 3 (November 19, 2007): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07307848.

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Although about 11% of grandparents are raising their grandchildren, a larger percentage provide a significant amount of care and serve in a near-parental role. Both parental and near-parental roles create stress. The stressors that these grandparents face and the strategies that they use to cope were investigated in this descriptive, exploratory study. Those high in the near-parental role used coping strategies to a greater degree than did those who considered themselves low in this role. The near-parental-role grandparents reported using problem-focused strategies and dealing with the problems causing the stress head-on with a plan of action. They rely on their faith to make something good out of the situation. The grandparents also used the emotion-focused tactic of escapism and dreamed of the situation's “just going away.” They also relied on social support and not just themselves to cope with the stress.

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Dahlberg, Johan. "Death Is Not the End: A Register-Based Study of the Effect of Parental Death on Adult Children’s Childbearing Behavior in Sweden." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 81, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818756740.

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Macro-level studies have shown that rapid increases in mortality can affect fertility rates. Parental death has also been linked to negative psychological and physical outcomes, reduced relationship quality, and making bereaved children attach more importance to their families. No prior study has examined whether parental death influences adult children’s fertility at the microlevel. This study applies event history techniques to Swedish multigeneration registers listing 1.5 million individuals with micro data on mortality and fertility to investigate short-term (first birth risk) and long-term (childlessness at age 45) effects of parental death on adult children’s fertility. The principal finding is that parental death during reproductive age affects children’s fertility and this effect is mainly short term. The effects differ to some degree between men and women and depend on the stage of the life course in which the bereavement occurs. Younger individuals experiencing a parental death have a significantly higher first birth risk after the parental death compared with peers who did not experience a parental death. Individuals older than 23 who experience a parental death have no or lower first birth risk after the parental death compared with baseline. Men, compared with women, are more likely to end childless if they experience a parental death.

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Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Tatjana Ramstein, Athanassia Karmaniola, Raphaële Miljkovitch, and Olivier Halfon. "Quality of child care in the preschool years: A comparison of the influence of home care and day care characteristics on child outcome." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000265.

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One hundred and six families of 2-year-old children, having experienced either family day care or centre-based day care, took part in this study. Parents’ and day care providers’ representations and values concerning their ideal definition of child care were assessed, and direct observations of child care settings conducted, using a time-sampling procedure. The instruments concerning both representations and observations have a seven dimension structure: caregiver availability, stimulation, firmness, warmth, autonomy, achievement, and organisation. When children were 3 years of age, the families were contacted again (16% drop out) for an evaluation of various outcomes: parental reports of child behaviour problems (CBCL) and egoresiliency (CCQ), assessments of child developmental quotient (McCarthy), and of attachment representations (ASCT). The day care variables (care providers’ representations and observed variables of the setting), unexpectedly explained the variance of the dependent variables (especially behaviour problems) more than the corresponding parental variables. These results contrast with other studies in the field. Apparently, they can be attributed to the relatively wide span of dimensions, as well as to the variety of child care settings considered. Non-parental and parental care had some selective effects on the different dependent variables. The effects of representations were globally stronger than those of observed characteristics. These data point to the importance of child care quality, emphasise the idea that quality is multidimensional, and stress the significance of caregivers’ representations and values.

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Adam, Kenneth S., Adrienne Keller, Malcolm West, Simon Larose, and Leona B. Goszer. "Parental Representation in Suicidal Adolescents: A Controlled Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (September 1994): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075868.

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One hundred and eighty-seven adolescents referred to outpatient and residential services in three Canadian cities were assessed for lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, and administered the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Suicidal adolescents of both genders reported lower care and higher overprotection in relation to their mothers than non-suicidal subjects, and female subjects reported this pattern for their fathers as well. Male subjects did not show clear differentiation between groups on PBI ratings for their fathers. Mean PBI scores for female subjects indicated subjects with no suicidal ideation, those with suicidal ideation only, and those having made suicide attempts to be on a continuum, but findings for males did not. The findings extend previous reports of higher “affectionless control” in suicidal adults, but suggest that this pattern may be stronger in females than males, and that maternal Influences may be stronger than paternal influences.

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Roberts, Kathryn, Christine Paynter, and Beryl McEwan. "A Comparison of Kangaroo Mother Care and Conventional Cuddling Care." Neonatal Network 19, no. 4 (June 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.19.4.31.

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Purpose: To compare kangaroo mother care (KMC) and conventional cuddling care (CCC) in premature and smallfor-gestational-age infants.Design and Sample: Thirty mother-infant dyads in two Australian neonatal nurseries were randomly assigned to the KMC group or the CCC group. Both groups of mothers cuddled their babies for a minimum of two hours a day, five days a week while in the study, with the KMC group having skin-to-skin contact while the CCC group had contact through normal clothing.Main Outcome Variable: The main outcome variables were infant weight gain, temperature maintenance during KMC and CCC, and length of hospital stay.Results: The results showed no difference between groups on the Parental Stress Scale (NICU) or the Parental Expectations Survey. Infants in both groups experienced equivalent maintenance of or rise in temperature while out of the incubators, equal weight gain, equal length of stay in the hospital, and equal duration of breastfeeding.

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Goymann, Wolfgang, Ignas Safari, Christina Muck, and Ingrid Schwabl. "Sex roles, parental care and offspring growth in two contrasting coucal species." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 10 (October 2016): 160463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160463.

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The decision to provide parental care is often associated with trade-offs, because resources allocated to parental care typically cannot be invested in self-maintenance or mating. In most animals, females provide more parental care than males, but the reason for this pattern is still debated in evolutionary ecology. To better understand sex differences in parental care and its consequences, we need to study closely related species where the sexes differ in offspring care. We investigated parental care in relation to offspring growth in two closely related coucal species that fundamentally differ in sex roles and parental care, but live in the same food-rich habitat with a benign climate and have a similar breeding phenology. Incubation patterns differed and uniparental male black coucals fed their offspring two times more often than female and male white-browed coucals combined. Also, white-browed coucals had more ‘off-times’ than male black coucals, during which they perched and preened. However, these differences in parental care were not reflected in offspring growth, probably because white-browed coucals fed their nestlings a larger proportion of frogs than insects. A food-rich habitat with a benign climate may be a necessary, but—perhaps unsurprisingly—is not a sufficient factor for the evolution of uniparental care. In combination with previous results (Goymann et al . 2015 J. Evol. Biol . 28 , 1335–1353 ( doi:10.1111/jeb.12657 )), these data suggest that white-browed coucals may cooperate in parental care, because they lack opportunities to become polygamous rather than because both parents were needed to successfully raise all offspring. Our case study supports recent theory suggesting that permissive environmental conditions in combination with a particular life history may induce sexual selection in females. A positive feedback loop among sexual selection, body size and adult sex-ratio may then stabilize reversed sex roles in competition and parental care.

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Fukunishi, Isao, Noriyuki Kawamura, Toshio Ishikawa, Yukihiro Ago, Hiroyoshi Sei, Yusuke Morita, and Richard H. Rahe. "Mothers' Low Care in the Development of Alexithymia: A Preliminary Study in Japanese College Students." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.143.

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We examined the influences of perceived parental bonding on scores on alexithymia in a sample of 232 college students. Ratings on mothers' care, a scale of the Parental Bonding Inventory were significantly and negatively correlated with scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and also with ratings on Difficulty Describing Feelings but not Difficulty Identifying Feelings and Externally Oriented Thinking. These results were replicated in another sample of 156 college students. Although our findings were based on simple correlations, they suggest that perceived mothers' low care is related to adults' scores on alexithymia, in particular, the construct, Difficulty Describing Feelings.

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Murray, Emily T., Rebecca Lacey, Barbara Maughan, and Amanda Sacker. "Non-parental care in childhood and health up to 30 years later: ONS Longitudinal Study 1971–2011." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 6 (July 19, 2020): 1121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa113.

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Abstract Background Children who spend time in non-parental care report worse health later in life on average, but less is known about differences by type of care. We examined whether self-rated health of adults who had been in non-parental care up to 30 years later varied by type of care. Methods We used longitudinal data from the office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Participants were aged <18 and never-married at baseline of each census year from 1971 to 2001. Separately for each follow-up period (10, 20 and 30 years later), multi-level logistic regression was used to compare self-rated health outcomes by different care types. Results For combined census years, sample sizes were 157 896 dependent children with 10 years of follow-up, 166 844 with 20 years of follow-up and 173 801 with 30 years of follow-up. For all follow-up cohorts, longitudinal study members who had been in care in childhood, had higher odds of rating their health as ‘not good’ vs. ‘good’; with highest odds for residential care. For example, 10-year follow-up odds ratios were 3.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.2–5.6) for residential care, 2.1 (1.7–2.5) for relative households and 2.6 (2.1–3.3) for non-relative households, compared with parental households after adjustment for childhood demographics. Associations were weakest for 10-year, and strongest for 20-year, follow-up. Additional adjustment for childhood social circumstances reduced, but did not eliminate, associations. Conclusion Decades after children and young people are placed in care, they are still more likely to report worse health than children who grew up in a parental household.

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Ygge, Britt Marie, and Judith E. Arnetz. "A study of parental involvement in pediatric hospital care: implications for clinical practice." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 19, no. 3 (June 2004): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2004.02.005.

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Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla, Charlotte Angelhoff, Ewa Johnsson, Jenny Karlsson, and Evalotte Mörelius. "Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care. A phenomenographic study." Journal of Clinical Nursing 24, no. 5-6 (July 8, 2014): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12654.

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Soler, M., T. Perez-Contreras, and L. de Neve. "Magpies do not desert after prolonging the parental care period: an experimental study." Behavioral Ecology 24, no. 6 (July 30, 2013): 1292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/art064.

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Whittingham, Linda A., Peter O. Dunn, and Raleigh J. Robertson. "Confidence of paternity and male parental care: an experimental study in tree swallows." Animal Behaviour 46, no. 1 (July 1993): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1169.

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Jaatinen, Kim, Markus Öst, and Aleksi Lehikoinen. "Adult predation risk drives shifts in parental care strategies: a long-term study." Journal of Animal Ecology 80, no. 1 (September 28, 2010): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01757.x.

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Guevara, James P., Marsha Gerdes, Brooke Rothman, Victor Igbokidi, Susan Doughterty, Russell Localio, and Rhonda C. Boyd. "Screening for Parental Depression in Urban Primary Care Practices: A Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 27, no. 4 (2016): 1858–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2016.0167.

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KOLESNIKOV, Felix N., and Arevik N. KARAMYAN. "Parental care and offspring survival in Pterostichus anthracinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae): An experimental study." European Journal of Entomology 116 (February 1, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2019.004.

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Alighieri, Cassandra, Wim Peersman, Kim Bettens, Vienna Van Herreweghe, and Kristiane Van Lierde. "Parental perceptions and expectations concerning speech therapy-related cleft care - a qualitative study." Journal of Communication Disorders 87 (September 2020): 106028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106028.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Starling parental care study'

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