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Journal articles on the topic 'Starling foraging behaviour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rahman, Md Touhidur, Shamia Farhana Shoma, Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz, and Md Kamrul Hasan. "Food and feeding behaviour of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnia malabarica at Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v8i1.42464.

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Food and feeding behaviour of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnia malabarica were studied at Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh, from August 2016 to March 2017. A total of 414 observations were made on the feeding maneuver and it was noted that they were omnivorous consuming 67.15% animal diet compared to 20.53%plant diet.They predominantly consumedinsect larvae(39%) followed by beetles (16%), nectar (14%), food wastes (12%), fruits (7%), dragonflies (7%), damselflies (3%), and worms (2%).Among the five types of feeding modes recorded,hang-upmode (37.92%) was major feeding technique in Chestnuttailed Starling while pecking mode (6.76%)was least used. Rain tree (Samanea saman) (33.76%) followed by White siris (Albizia procera) (30.55%) was recorded as the most utilized foraging plant while mostly preferred perching height by Chestnut-tailed Starling was 6-9m (44.9%) followed by 3-6m (31.6%). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 17-23, 2019 (June)

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2

Wood, Andrew J., and Graeme J. Ackland. "Evolving the selfish herd: emergence of distinct aggregating strategies in an individual-based model." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1618 (May 2007): 1637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0306.

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From zebra to starlings, herring and even tadpoles, many creatures move in an organized group. The emergent behaviour arises from simple underlying movement rules, but the evolutionary pressure which favours these rules has not been conclusively identified. Various explanations exist for the advantage to the individual of group formation: reduction of predation risk; increased foraging efficiency or reproductive success. Here, we adopt an individual-based model for group formation and subject it to simulated predation and foraging; the haploid individuals evolve via a genetic algorithm based on their relative success under such pressure. Our work suggests that flock or herd formation is likely to be driven by predator avoidance. Individual fitness in the model is strongly dependent on the presence of other phenotypes, such that two distinct types of evolved group can be produced by the same predation or foraging conditions, each stable against individual mutation. We draw analogies with multiple Nash equilibria theory of iterated games to explain and categorize these behaviours. Our model is sufficient to capture the complex behaviour of dynamic collective groups, yet is flexible enough to manifest evolutionary behaviour.

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3

Lima, Steven L. "Sampling behavior of starlings foraging in simple patchy environments." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 16, no. 2 (January 1985): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00295147.

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4

Mason, G. J. "CONTRAFREELOADING IN STARLINGS: TESTING THE INFORMATION HYPOTHESIS." Behaviour 136, no. 10-11 (1999): 1267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999500712.

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AbstractContrafreeloading (CFL) behaviour, in which animals forage persistently in patches that require effort to exploit when patches containing ad lib. food are easily available, seems to contradict the predictions of optimal foraging theory. However, it has been proposed that contrafreeloaders are in fact exploiting a hidden resource, namely information about patches that may be useful in future foraging attempts. We performed two experiments on starlings Sturnus vulgaris to test this hypothesis by determining the circumstances in which CFL occurs and assessing whether any useful information is acquired by animals performing the behaviour. In accordance with previous results we found that CFL is reduced when foragers are previously deprived of food and also when there are means of gathering information aside from sampling (namely when patches that require effort to exploit can be visually inspected). We also found that useful information is acquired by birds that perform CFL, in that when subsequently tested in extinction with the best patch removed they reliably chose the patch that had been the second best. These results are consistent with the information gain hypothesis. However, birds with low levels of CFL did not perform discernably worse in this test of patch knowledge and experimental reductions in CFL achieved through deprivation treatments did not produce apparent reductions in useful information possessed.

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5

Olsson, Ola, Måns Bruun, and Henrik G. Smith. "Starling foraging success in relation to agricultural land-use." Ecography 25, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250313.x.

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6

Fernández-Juricic, Esteban, Rebecca Smith, and Alex Kacelnik. "Increasing the costs of conspecific scanning in socially foraging starlings affects vigilance and foraging behaviour." Animal Behaviour 69, no. 1 (January 2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.01.019.

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7

Clark, L. "Thermal constraints on foraging in adult european starlings." Oecologia 71, no. 2 (January 1987): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377289.

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8

Dunn, Jonathon, Clare Andrews, Daniel Nettle, and Melissa Bateson. "Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171918.

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Animals require strategies for coping with periods when food is scarce. Such strategies include storing fat as a buffer, and defending the rate of energy intake by changing foraging behaviour when food becomes difficult to obtain. Storage and behavioural defence may constitute alternative strategies for solving the same problem. We would thus expect any developmental influences that limit fat storage in adulthood to also induce a compensatory alteration in adult foraging behaviour, specifically when food is hard to obtain. In a cohort of hand-reared European starlings, we found that higher manipulated early-life begging effort caused individuals to maintain consistently lower adult body mass over a period of two years. Using an operant foraging task in which we systematically varied the costs of obtaining food, we show that higher early-life begging effort also caused stronger behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake when food was more costly to obtain. Among individuals with the same developmental history, however, those individuals who defended their rate of energy intake most strongly were also the heaviest. Our results are relevant to understanding why there are marked differences in body weight and foraging behaviour even among individuals inhabiting the same environment.

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9

Inman, Alastair J. "Group foraging in starlings: distributions of unequal competitors." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 5 (November 1990): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80981-9.

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10

Brito e Abreu, Fausto, and Alex Kacelnik. "Energy budgets and risk-sensitive foraging in starlings." Behavioral Ecology 10, no. 3 (May 1999): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/10.3.338.

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11

Schuck-Paim, Cynthia, and Alex Kacelnik. "Rationality in risk-sensitive foraging choices by starlings." Animal Behaviour 64, no. 6 (December 2002): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2003.

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12

Bateson, Melissa, and Sian C. Whitehead. "The Energetic Costs of Alternative Rate Currencies in the Foraging Starling." Ecology 77, no. 4 (June 1996): 1303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265602.

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13

BATESON, MELISSA, and ALEX KACELNIK. "Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging starling,Sturnus vulgaris." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 2 (August 1995): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.0257.

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14

Bateson, Melissa, and Alex Kacelnik. "Rate currencies and the foraging starling: the fallacy of the averages revisited." Behavioral Ecology 7, no. 3 (1996): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/7.3.341.

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15

Draulans, Dirk. "The use of complex cues by foraging starlings: an experiment." Animal Behaviour 36, no. 1 (February 1988): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80271-9.

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16

Cuthill, Innes C., Alejandro Kacelnik, John R. Krebs, Patsy Haccou, and Yoh Iwasa. "Starlings exploiting patches: the effect of recent experience on foraging decisions." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 4 (October 1990): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80692-x.

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17

Rafacz, Michelle, and Jennifer J. Templeton. "Environmental Unpredictability and the Value of Social Information for Foraging Starlings." Ethology 109, no. 12 (December 2003): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0179-1613.2003.00935.x.

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18

Bautista, Tinbergen, Wiersma, and Kacelnik. "Optimal Foraging and Beyond: How Starlings Cope with Changes in Food Availability." American Naturalist 152, no. 4 (1998): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2463356.

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19

Bateson, Melissa. "Recent advances in our understanding of risk-sensitive foraging preferences." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 4 (November 2002): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002181.

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Many experiments have shown that foraging animals are sensitive to the riskiness, or variance, associated with alternative food sources. For example, when offered a choice of a constant feeding option that always offers three seeds, and a risky option that offers either no seeds or six seeds with equal probability, most animals tested will be either risk-averse or risk-prone, preferring either the fixed or variable option respectively. Whether animals are risk-averse or risk-prone appears to depend on a range of factors, including the energetic status of the forager, the type of variance associated with the feeding options and even the number of feeding options between which the animal is choosing. These behavioural phenomena have attracted much theoretical interest, and a range of different explanations have been suggested, some based on a consideration of the psychological mechanisms involved in decision making, and others on a consideration of the Darwinian fitness consequences of risk-averse or risk-prone behaviour for the forager. A brief review of the recent literature on risk-sensitive foraging will be presented, focusing on results from the two experimental systems with which I have been involved: wild rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) foraging on artificial flowers; European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) foraging in operant boxes in the laboratory. It will be argued that to understand the foraging decisions of animals account needs to be taken of both the psychological mechanisms underlying decision-making and the fitness consequences of different decisions for the forager.

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20

Fischl, Joseph, and Donald F. Caccamise. "Influence of habitat and season on foraging flock composition in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)." Oecologia 67, no. 4 (1985): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00790025.

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21

Kacelnik, Alejandro, and Innes Cuthill. "Central Place Foraging in Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). II. Food Allocation to Chicks." Journal of Animal Ecology 59, no. 2 (June 1990): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4887.

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22

Brunner, Dani, Alex Kacelnik, and John Gibbon. "Optimal foraging and timing processes in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris: effect of inter-capture interval." Animal Behaviour 44, no. 4 (October 1992): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80289-1.

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23

Bruun, Måns, and Henrik G. Smith. "Landscape composition affects habitat use and foraging flight distances in breeding European starlings." Biological Conservation 114, no. 2 (December 2003): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00021-1.

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24

Wiersma, P. "Metabolic adjustments to increasing foraging costs of starlings in a closed economy." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 4099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01855.

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25

KOOPS, MARTEN A., and LUC-ALAIN GIRALDEAU. "Producer–scrounger foraging games in starlings: a test of rate-maximizing and risk-sensitive models." Animal Behaviour 51, no. 4 (April 1996): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0082.

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26

Whitehead, Siân C., Jonathan Wright, Peter A. Cotton, and Sian C. Whitehead. "Measuring the Impact of Parental Foraging by Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) on Soil Invertebrate Prey Availability: An Exclosure Experiment." Oikos 76, no. 3 (September 1996): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546344.

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27

van Berkel, Menno, Melissa Bateson, Daniel Nettle, and Jonathon Dunn. "Can starlings use a reliable cue of future food deprivation to adaptively modify foraging and fat reserves?" Animal Behaviour 142 (August 2018): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.06.015.

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28

Templeton, J. J., and Luc-Alain Giraldeau. "Vicarious sampling: the use of personal and public information by starlings foraging in a simple patchy environment." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38, no. 2 (February 28, 1996): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050223.

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29

Granbom, Martin, and Henrik G. Smith. "Food Limitation During Breeding in a Heterogeneous Landscape." Auk 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.97.

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Abstract Breeding success in birds may be determined by the availability of food that parents can provide to growing nestlings. A standard method for testing the occurrence of food limitation is to provide supplemental food during different parts of the breeding period. If there is spatial variation in the strength of food limitation, the effect of such an experiment should also vary spatially. We investigated whether the strength of food limitation during nestling rearing in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) was related to the management intensity of agricultural landscapes. We fed birds mealworms during the nestling period in landscapes with high or low local availability of pasture, the preferred foraging habitat. Both habitat and food supplementation affected growth and survival of nestlings; the effects of the food-supplementation experiment were generally stronger than those of habitat. Mortality mainly struck the last-hatched chick. Both habitat and food supplementation positively affected nestling growth, measured as nestling tarsus length. In addition, food supplementation positively affected feather growth and asymptotic mass. Contrary to expectation, no interactions existed between effects of habitat and food supplementation, which suggests that breeding success was limited by food availability in both landscapes. Potential reasons for this lack of effect are parental compensation and low statistical power. Also, breeding densities were higher in landscapes with more pastures, possibly equalizing the per-capita availability of food. Thus, our results demonstrate that reproductive success was limited by availability of food when local availability of preferred foraging habitat was either low or high, but fail to demonstrate spatial variation in the strength of food limitation. Escasez de Alimentos durante el Período Reproductivo en un Paisaje Heterogéneo

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30

Giles, Sarah, Ian Inglis, Katja Van Driel, Janet Talling, and John Young. "EFFECT OF HUNGER ON STARLINGS' PREFERENCES FOR FOOD SOURCES ASSOCIATED WITH VARIABILITY OR UNCERTAINTY." Behaviour 139, no. 9 (2002): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260437353.

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AbstractThe information primacy hypothesis proposes that motivation to perform behaviours that reduce environmental uncertainty is continually present. It predicts that uncertain stimuli are attractive and that this attractiveness declines with increasing hunger. It also draws a distinction between the effects of stimulus uncertainty and those of stimulus variability per se (i.e. predictable variability). Two experiments investigated how hunger level affects the relative feeding preferences of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) for two locations that always contained the same and equal amounts of food. In one experiment the locations differed in variability but not uncertainty (i.e. in one the position of a visible food item was fixed whilst in the other its position randomly varied between trials). In the second experiment the locations differed in uncertainty but not variability (i.e. in both the position of a food item varied randomly between trials but in one of them the food was not visible from the choice point and in the other it was). When satiated the birds significantly preferred to feed from (a) the variable rather than the constant location, and (b) the uncertain and variable location rather than the location that was just variable. When hungry the birds had (a) no significant preference between the constant and the variable locations, and (b) showed a shift in preference away from the uncertain location. In both experiments hunger increased the incidence of side preferences. These findings are considered in relation to both predictions derived from the information primacy hypothesis, and findings from risk-sensitive foraging experiments.

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31

STEVENS, JAN. "Foraging success of adult and juvenile Starlings Sturnus vulgaris: a tentative explanation for the preference of juveniles for cherries." Ibis 127, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1985.tb05075.x.

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32

Fernández-Juricic, Esteban. "Local and Regional Effects of Pedestrians on Forest Birds in a Fragmented Landscape." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.247.

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Abstract I assessed the effects of pedestrians on the distribution of forest bird species in wooded parks in the city of Madrid within and between fragments. Within fragments, increasing levels of pedestrians reduced species richness and overall abundance of individuals within circular plots. The abundance of foraging individuals of four species (Magpies Pica pica, Blackbirds Turdus merula, Starlings Sturnus unicolor, and Woodpigeon Columba palumbus) diminished when pedestrians walked near sampling plots, as well as their breeding densities in relation to increasing disturbance levels. Between fragments, after controlling for fragment size effects, pedestrian rate was negatively related to species richness in two breeding seasons. Species turnover was positively associated to mean pedestrian rate and inter-annual variability in pedestrian rate. At the species level, pedestrian rate negatively affected the probabilities of fragment occupation of 16 species beyond the effects of fragment size and isolation. Locally, the short-term behavioral responses to visitors may reduce the suitability of highly disturbed parks in such a way as to decrease breeding densities and the probabilities of fragment occupation and persistence. The effects of human disturbance in fragmented landscapes should be incorporated into management decisions as another relevant factor that may reduce habitat quality.

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33

Bean, Tom G., Alistair B. A. Boxall, Julie Lane, Katherine A. Herborn, Stéphane Pietravalle, and Kathryn E. Arnold. "Behavioural and physiological responses of birds to environmentally relevant concentrations of an antidepressant." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1656 (November 19, 2014): 20130575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0575.

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Many wildlife species forage on sewage-contaminated food, for example, at wastewater treatment plants and on fields fertilized with sewage sludge. The resultant exposure to human pharmaceuticals remains poorly studied for terrestrial species. On the basis of predicted exposure levels in the wild, we administered the common antidepressant fluoxetine (FLUOX) or control treatment via prey to wild-caught starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) for 22 weeks over winter. To investigate responses to fluoxetine, birds were moved from their group aviaries into individual cages for 2 days. Boldness, exploration and activity levels showed no treatment effects but controls and FLUOX birds habituated differently to isolation in terms of the concentration of corticosterone (CORT) metabolites in faeces. The controls that excreted higher concentrations of CORT metabolites on day 1 lost more body mass by day 2 of isolation than those which excreted lower levels of CORT metabolites. CORT metabolites and mass loss were unrelated in FLUOX birds. When we investigated the movements of birds in their group aviaries, we found the controls made a higher frequency of visits to food trays than FLUOX birds around the important foraging periods of sunrise and sunset, as is optimal for wintering birds. Although individual variability makes interpreting the sub-lethal endpoints measured challenging, our data suggest that fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations can significantly alter behaviour and physiology.

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34

DEVEREUX, CLAIRE L., CLAIRE U. MCKEEVER, TIM G. BENTON, and MARK J. WHITTINGHAM. "The effect of sward height and drainage on Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus foraging in grassland habitats." Ibis 146 (November 16, 2004): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00355.x.

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35

Koch, Amelia J., Sarah A. Munks, and Chris Spencer. "Bird use of native trees retained in young eucalypt plantations: species richness and use of hollows." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09037.

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Context. The retention of mature eucalypts in plantation areas is expected to have biodiversity benefits, especially for animals with specific requirements such as hollow-using species. Aims. The aim of the current study was to examine the degree to which retained trees embedded in young (≤3 years old) eucalypt plantation provide habitat for birds, whether as a perching/foraging resource for all bird species or as a potential shelter/breeding site for hollow-using species. Methods. We examined bird use of remnant trees in young eucalypt plantations at five sites in northern Tasmania. Four 20-min surveys were done on 214 trees (101 of these had visible hollows) over two breeding seasons (2007 and 2008). Bird activity at a hollow was recorded during all four surveys, whereas the number of bird species observed in a tree was only recorded during two surveys in the first breeding season. The relationship between both species richness and hollow use with site and tree variables was explored using hierarchical partitioning. Key results. Bird species richness at a tree was most strongly related to which of the five properties the tree was located on. This may be due to differences in soil fertility and/or the amount of forested area within and around the property. Birds were observed investigating 50 hollows on 36 trees. More than one hollow was used in 10 trees and hollow use was most strongly related to hollow abundance in a tree. High re-use of particular trees (n = 15) and hollows (n = 16) indicates that retained trees vary in the type and quality of habitat they provide for hollow-using birds. The most common hollow users observed were the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and the striated pardalote (Pardalotus striatus). Conclusions and implications. Retaining trees in plantation areas, particularly trees with special features such as hollows, should be encouraged to provide habitat for birds and help contribute to the maintenance of bird diversity in an area.

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36

Catto, Sarah, Petra Sumasgutner, Arjun Amar, Robert L. Thomson, and Susan J. Cunningham. "Pulses of anthropogenic food availability appear to benefit parents, but compromise nestling growth in urban red-winged starlings." Oecologia, September 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05033-3.

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AbstractThe provision of anthropogenic food undoubtedly influences urban bird fitness. However, the nature of the impact is unclear, with both benefits and costs of urban diets documented. Moreover, the influence of short-term fluctuations in food availability, linked to urban weekday/weekend cycles of human presence, is largely unknown. We explored whether breeding red-winged starlings Onychognathus morio in Cape Town, South Africa, altered foraging and provisioning behaviour between days with high human presence (HHP) and days with low human presence (LHP)—i.e. weekdays versus weekends and vacation days. We investigated the relationship between starling diet, adult body mass and nestling development. Breeding adults consumed and provisioned the same quantity of food, but a significantly greater proportion of anthropogenic food on HHP compared to LHP days. Adults apparently benefited from the anthropogenic diet, experiencing significantly greater mass gain on HHP days. However, nestlings experienced a cost, with the number of HHP days during the nestling period associated negatively with nestling size. Adults may, therefore, benefit from the high calorie content of anthropogenic food, while nestlings may be negatively affected by nutrient limitation. The quantity of food available in urban environments may, therefore, benefit adult survival, while its quality imposes a cost to nestling growth.

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37

"Hybrid Starling Social Spider Algorithm for Energy and Load Aware Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9 (July 10, 2019): 3135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i8596.078919.

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The efficiency of the cloud-based systems is greatly relying on the task scheduling algorithm which affects the performance parameters such as makespan, response time, degree of imbalance and cost. In recent years, the energy efficiency is also considered as another challenging issue which affects the efficiency of cloud computing systems. This paper proposes a Hybrid Starling Social Spider Algorithm (Starling-SSA) for Energy and Load Aware Task Scheduling in cloud computing. The Starling-SSA is designed as a hybrid algorithm inspired by the intelligent behavior of social spider and the collective response behavior of starling birds. The foraging behavior of spider is implemented to identify the best VMs for the given task with minimum makespan and degree of imbalance. In addition to this, the distance factor is incorporated inspired by starling flock distance in order identify the closeness of VM pairs and avoids the VMs that are far away, thereby VMs can be limited during the searching process. This will greatly reduce energy consumption by taking only VMs that are belongs to the distance factor. The performance metrics such as makespan, degree of imbalance and energy efficiency are evaluated against the existing algorithms such as EATS, CBAT and HC-ACO. The results presents a significant improvements when comparing to the existing algorithms

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